CN115673944A - Device and method for grinding disc cam face based on magnetic grinding - Google Patents
Device and method for grinding disc cam face based on magnetic grinding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及不规则表面磨削技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of irregular surface grinding, in particular to a device and method for grinding a disk cam working surface based on magnetic force grinding.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国工业经济的发展和科学技术的进步,航空航天、船舶、汽车和自动化机床等产业得到了迅猛发展,对于机械零件表面质量的要求也越来越高。通过光整加工可以减小和细化零件的表面粗糙度,去除划痕、微观裂痕等表面缺陷,提高和改善零件表面质量,提高零件表面力学性能,改善应力分布状态;去除棱边毛刺,保证表面之间平滑过渡,提高零件的装配工艺性;提高零件表面光泽度和光亮程度等。而凸轮作为精密机械中的一种常用零件,其外轮廓面的磨削精度直接关系到整个装置的使用性能,因此对凸轮表面粗糙度的要求十分严格。With the development of my country's industrial economy and the advancement of science and technology, industries such as aerospace, ships, automobiles, and automated machine tools have developed rapidly, and the requirements for the surface quality of mechanical parts are also getting higher and higher. Finishing can reduce and refine the surface roughness of parts, remove scratches, microscopic cracks and other surface defects, improve and improve the surface quality of parts, improve the mechanical properties of parts surface, improve the stress distribution state; remove edge burrs, ensure Smooth transition between surfaces, improve the assembly process of parts; improve the surface gloss and brightness of parts, etc. As a common part in precision machinery, the grinding accuracy of the cam surface is directly related to the performance of the entire device, so the requirements for the surface roughness of the cam are very strict.
传统的凸轮磨削加工采用的是靠模仿形的加工方式,该方式对于靠模的加工精度要求较高,而且磨削过程中靠模本身容易磨损;另外,形状不同的凸轮要使用形状相匹配的靠模,并且靠模加工一般采用砂轮磨削,加工效率低,且材料损耗严重。随着数控技术的崛起,高速数控磨床得到广泛应用,可以实现凸轮的精确磨削,但其设备昂贵,工艺成本较高,对操作人员的技术要求较高。并且高速数控磨床也采用砂轮磨削方式,在对经过表面硬化处理的零件进行磨削时,由于磨削速度高,磨削区域产生瞬时高温,零件会出现表面烧伤现象。The traditional cam grinding process adopts the processing method of imitating the shape, which has high requirements for the machining accuracy of the master model, and the master model itself is easy to wear during the grinding process; in addition, the cams with different shapes should be matched with the shape The profiling, and the profiling process generally adopts grinding wheel grinding, the processing efficiency is low, and the material loss is serious. With the rise of numerical control technology, high-speed numerical control grinding machines are widely used to achieve precise grinding of cams, but the equipment is expensive, the process cost is high, and the technical requirements for operators are relatively high. And the high-speed CNC grinding machine also adopts the grinding wheel grinding method. When grinding the parts that have undergone surface hardening treatment, due to the high grinding speed, the grinding area will generate instantaneous high temperature, and the parts will have surface burns.
授权公告号为CN 214135375 U的中国实用新型专利公开了一种“汽车凸轮轴的加工打磨装置,包括机台,机台上安装有轮轴转台,轮轴转台两侧设有立柱,立柱的内侧上下滑动连接有安装座,安装座上左右滑动连接有打磨电机,打磨电机的输出轴固定有抛光砂轮,安装座上设有测距传感器,两个立柱的顶端连接有锁定支架,所述锁定支架上设有轮轴锁定件。通过转动电机带动抛光砂轮沿着凸轮轴上下移动,从而实现了多个凸轮面连续自动的完成磨削加工,在移动过程中,通过测距传感器感应凸轮轴的凸轮面的距离,进而控制器驱动电动推杆带动抛光砂轮配合凸轮轴左右调整,实现对凸轮轴的来回打磨抛光操作。该装置采用测距传感器实现磨削过程的控制,但其磨削采用的仍是砂轮。The Chinese utility model patent whose authorized notification number is CN 214135375 U discloses a kind of "processing and polishing device for automobile camshafts, including a machine table, a wheel shaft turntable is installed on the machine table, and columns are arranged on both sides of the wheel shaft turntable, and the inner side of the column slides up and down. A mounting base is connected, and a grinding motor is slidingly connected to the mounting base. The output shaft of the grinding motor is fixed with a polishing wheel. There is a wheel shaft lock. The polishing wheel moves up and down along the camshaft by rotating the motor, thereby realizing the continuous and automatic grinding of multiple cam surfaces. During the movement, the distance between the cam surfaces of the camshaft is sensed by the distance sensor , and then the controller drives the electric push rod to drive the polishing wheel to adjust the left and right of the camshaft to realize the back and forth grinding and polishing operation of the camshaft. This device uses a distance measuring sensor to realize the control of the grinding process, but the grinding wheel is still used for grinding.
传统的复杂曲面光整加工方法存在诸多弊端,而近年来发展迅速的磁力研磨方法将磁场应用于研磨技术中,具有自锐性能好、磨削能力强、加工效率高、研磨温升小等优点,适合于平面、球面、圆柱面和其它复杂形状零件的加工,并且利用实现光整加工的自动化很好的解决了传统磨削方法存在的问题。如申请公布号为CN 110000621 A的中国专利申请公开的“一种用于大平面抛光的磁力研磨装置及磁力研磨方法”、申请公布号为CN 109015280A的中国专利申请公开的一种“空间任意轴线变径复杂弯管内外表面磁力研磨装置及方法”等,但是,对于盘状凸轮这一特殊零件的加工目前还没有可以适用的磁力研磨装置。There are many disadvantages in the traditional complex surface finishing method, and the magnetic grinding method, which has developed rapidly in recent years, applies magnetic field to the grinding technology, which has the advantages of good self-sharpening performance, strong grinding ability, high processing efficiency, and small grinding temperature rise. , suitable for the processing of plane, spherical, cylindrical and other complex shape parts, and the use of automation to achieve smooth processing solves the problems existing in traditional grinding methods. For example, the Chinese patent application with the application publication number CN 110000621 A discloses "a magnetic grinding device and magnetic grinding method for large plane polishing", and the Chinese patent application with the application publication number CN 109015280A discloses a "space arbitrary axis A magnetic grinding device and method for the inner and outer surfaces of a variable-diameter complex elbow", etc. However, there is no suitable magnetic grinding device for the processing of the special part of the disc cam.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置及方法,采用磁力研磨方式,有效避免了砂轮研磨容易造成凸轮工件表面烧伤的问题;采用测距传感器控制工件进给,有效避免了因磨削机构进给精度不高对凸轮工件表面造成划痕、毛刺和凹坑的问题,实现了凸轮不规则工作面的精准磨削,保证了加工精度。The invention provides a device and method for grinding the working surface of a disc-shaped cam based on magnetic grinding. The magnetic grinding method is adopted to effectively avoid the problem that the surface of the cam workpiece is easily burned by the grinding of the grinding wheel; the feeding of the workpiece is controlled by a distance measuring sensor, It effectively avoids the problem of scratches, burrs and pits on the surface of the cam workpiece caused by the low feed precision of the grinding mechanism, realizes the precise grinding of the irregular working surface of the cam, and ensures the machining accuracy.
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置,包括工作台、往复移动机构、凸轮夹持机构、研磨机构、测距机构以及控制系统;所述往复移动机构设于工作台上,用于带动凸轮夹持机构沿工作台纵向往复移动;所述凸轮夹持机构用于安装并带动凸轮工件绕自身轴线转动;所述研磨机构包括圆柱形永磁铁及磁性研磨介质,圆柱形永磁铁设于往复移动机构的一端并能够绕自身轴线转动,圆柱形永磁铁的外侧吸附磁性研磨介质;所述测距机构中设红外测距传感器用于实时检测到凸轮工件待加工面的距离;所述往复移动机构中的往复移动驱动装置、凸轮夹持机构中的凸轮转动驱动装置、研磨机构中的圆柱形永磁铁旋转驱动装置的驱动端,以及测距机构中的红外测距传感器的信号输出端分别连接控制系统。A device for grinding a disk-shaped cam working surface based on magnetic grinding, including a workbench, a reciprocating mechanism, a cam clamping mechanism, a grinding mechanism, a distance measuring mechanism and a control system; the reciprocating mechanism is arranged on the workbench, It is used to drive the cam clamping mechanism to reciprocate longitudinally along the workbench; the cam clamping mechanism is used to install and drive the cam workpiece to rotate around its own axis; the grinding mechanism includes cylindrical permanent magnets and magnetic grinding media, cylindrical permanent magnets Located at one end of the reciprocating mechanism and capable of rotating around its own axis, the outer side of the cylindrical permanent magnet absorbs magnetic grinding media; the distance measuring mechanism is equipped with an infrared distance measuring sensor for real-time detection of the distance of the surface of the cam workpiece to be processed; Describe the reciprocating movement driving device in the reciprocating movement mechanism, the cam rotation driving device in the cam clamping mechanism, the driving end of the cylindrical permanent magnet rotation driving device in the grinding mechanism, and the signal output of the infrared distance measuring sensor in the distance measuring mechanism The terminals are respectively connected to the control system.
所述往复移动机构包括主动滑台及从动滑台;主动滑台由移动电机、丝杠、丝杠支撑块及主动滑块组成;丝杠的两端由丝杠支撑块支撑,丝杠与丝杠支撑块之间可转动地连接;丝杠远离研磨机构的一端通过联轴器与移动电机的电机轴相连,主动滑块与丝杠通过螺纹传动连接;在移动电机的作用下,主动滑块沿丝杠往复移动;从动滑台由光轴、光轴支撑块及从动滑块组成;光轴与丝杠平行设置,光轴的两端由光轴支撑块支撑,光轴与光轴支撑块之间固定连接,从动滑块与光轴滑动连接;主动滑块与从动滑块分别连接凸轮夹持机构,主动滑块带动凸轮夹持机构移动时,从动滑块同步沿光轴移动。Described reciprocating movement mechanism comprises active sliding table and driven sliding table; Active sliding table is made up of mobile motor, leading screw, leading screw support block and active sliding block; The two ends of leading screw are supported by leading screw supporting block, and leading screw and The supporting blocks of the screw are rotatably connected; the end of the screw away from the grinding mechanism is connected with the motor shaft of the mobile motor through a coupling, and the active slider and the screw are connected through screw transmission; under the action of the mobile motor, the active sliding The block moves back and forth along the lead screw; the driven slide table is composed of the optical axis, the optical axis support block and the driven slider; the optical axis is set parallel to the lead screw, and the two ends of the optical axis are supported by the optical axis support block The shaft support blocks are fixedly connected, and the driven slider is slidably connected to the optical axis; the active slider and the driven slider are respectively connected to the cam clamping mechanism, and when the active slider drives the cam clamping mechanism to move, the driven slider moves along the The optical axis moves.
所述凸轮夹持机构由支撑架一、支撑架二、轴承座、安装轴、定位轴套、锁紧轴套、大锥齿轮、小锥齿轮及凸轮转动电机组成;支撑架一与支撑架二对称设置,支撑架一的底部与主动滑块相连,支撑架二的底部与从动滑块相连;支撑架一的顶部与支撑架二的顶部分别设轴承座,安装轴水平设置,安装轴的两端与对应端的轴承座转动连接;凸轮工件与安装轴之间通过键传动,定位轴套、锁紧轴套分别设于凸轮工件两侧的安装轴上,并且定位轴套、锁紧轴套与安装轴之间均通过螺纹连接,通过定位轴套调节凸轮工件在安装轴上的位置后通过锁紧轴套锁紧固定;安装轴的一端伸出轴承座外,且伸出端设有大锥齿轮,大锥齿轮与小锥齿轮啮合传动,小锥齿轮设于凸轮转动电机的电机轴上;在凸轮转动电机的作用下,安装轴带动凸轮工件绕自身轴线转动。The cam clamping mechanism is composed of support frame one, support frame two, bearing seat, mounting shaft, positioning bushing, locking bushing, large bevel gear, small bevel gear and cam rotation motor; support frame one and support frame two Symmetrically arranged, the bottom of the
所述研磨机构由支撑架、圆柱形永磁铁、磁性研磨介质、带传动机构及永磁铁旋转电机组成;支撑架设于往复移动机构一端的工作台上,支撑架的顶部两端分别设轴承座,圆柱形永磁铁设于水平的中心轴上,中心轴的两端与对应端的轴承座转动连接,磁性研磨介质吸附在圆柱形永磁铁的外表面;中心轴与圆柱形永磁铁同轴设置,中心轴的一端从对应轴承座伸出,且伸出端设带轮一;永磁铁旋转电机设于工作台上,电机轴上设带轮二,带轮一与带轮二通过传动带连接组成带传动机构;在永磁铁旋转电机的作用下,圆柱形永磁铁绕自中心轴轴线旋转,并且圆柱形永磁铁的转向与凸轮工件的转向相反;圆柱形永磁铁的长度大于凸轮工件的厚度。The grinding mechanism is composed of a support frame, a cylindrical permanent magnet, a magnetic grinding medium, a belt transmission mechanism and a permanent magnet rotating motor; the support frame is set on the workbench at one end of the reciprocating movement mechanism, and bearing seats are respectively arranged at both ends of the top of the support frame. The cylindrical permanent magnet is arranged on the horizontal central shaft, and the two ends of the central shaft are connected to the corresponding end of the bearing housing in rotation, and the magnetic grinding medium is adsorbed on the outer surface of the cylindrical permanent magnet; the central shaft and the cylindrical permanent magnet are arranged coaxially, and the center One end of the shaft protrudes from the corresponding bearing seat, and the protruding end is equipped with a
所述测距机构由红外测距传感器、支撑柱和横梁组成;红外测距传感器设于圆柱形永磁铁的外上方,红外测距传感器安装在横梁上,横梁的两端由对应端的支撑柱支撑,支撑柱的底部与工作台固定连接。The ranging mechanism is composed of an infrared ranging sensor, a support column and a beam; the infrared ranging sensor is arranged on the outer top of the cylindrical permanent magnet, the infrared ranging sensor is installed on the beam, and the two ends of the beam are supported by the supporting columns at the corresponding ends , the bottom of the support column is fixedly connected with the workbench.
所述控制系统由PLC控制器、控制柜及控制面板组成;控制柜设于工作台上,控制器设于控制柜内,控制柜的外侧设控制面板。The control system is composed of a PLC controller, a control cabinet and a control panel; the control cabinet is arranged on the workbench, the controller is arranged in the control cabinet, and the control panel is arranged outside the control cabinet.
一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的方法,包括如下步骤:A method for grinding a disk cam face based on magnetic grinding, comprising the steps of:
(1)将凸轮工件安装在凸轮夹持机构中的安装轴上,通过定位轴套和锁紧轴套配合调整、固定凸轮工件在安装轴上的位置,使凸轮工件与圆柱形永磁铁对中;(1) Install the cam workpiece on the installation shaft in the cam clamping mechanism, adjust and fix the position of the cam workpiece on the installation shaft through the coordination of the positioning sleeve and the locking sleeve, so that the cam workpiece is aligned with the cylindrical permanent magnet ;
(2)将磁性磨料与水基研磨液按照1:3~1.5;3的重量比混合、搅拌均匀后,吸附在圆柱形永磁铁的表面;(2) Mix the magnetic abrasive and the water-based grinding liquid according to the weight ratio of 1:3 to 1.5; 3, stir evenly, and then adsorb on the surface of the cylindrical permanent magnet;
(3)通过控制面板设定凸轮转动电机、永磁铁旋转电机的转速;启动移动电机,使主动滑台与从动滑台同步移动,将凸轮工件向圆柱形永磁铁一端移动;通过红外测距传感器与移动电机的联锁控制,使凸轮工件上初始待加工面与圆柱形永磁铁之间的间隙为0.5~2mm;启动凸轮转动电机及永磁铁旋转电机,使凸轮工件与圆柱形永磁铁相对转动,通过磁性磨料对凸轮工件的工作面进行研磨;研磨过程中,红外测距传感器与移动电机通过PLC控制器联锁控制,使凸轮工件的实时待加工面与圆柱形永磁铁的间隙始终保持在0.5~2mm;(3) Set the rotation speed of the cam rotating motor and the permanent magnet rotating motor through the control panel; start the moving motor to make the active sliding table and the driven sliding table move synchronously, and move the cam workpiece to the end of the cylindrical permanent magnet; measure the distance by infrared The interlocking control of the sensor and the moving motor makes the gap between the initial surface to be processed on the cam workpiece and the cylindrical permanent magnet 0.5 ~ 2mm; start the cam rotating motor and the permanent magnet rotating motor, so that the cam workpiece is opposite to the cylindrical permanent magnet Rotate, grind the working surface of the cam workpiece through magnetic abrasives; during the grinding process, the infrared distance measuring sensor and the moving motor are interlocked and controlled by the PLC controller, so that the gap between the real-time processing surface of the cam workpiece and the cylindrical permanent magnet is always maintained In 0.5 ~ 2mm;
(4)研磨完成后,凸轮转动电机、永磁铁旋转电机停止转动,移动电机反向转动带动凸轮工件返回初始位置;卸下凸轮工件并进行清洗、烘干,测量凸轮工件工作面的粗糙度;(4) After the grinding is completed, the cam rotating motor and the permanent magnet rotating motor stop rotating, and the moving motor reversely rotates to drive the cam workpiece to return to the initial position; unload the cam workpiece and clean and dry it, and measure the roughness of the cam workpiece working surface;
(5)卸下研磨机构中的圆柱形永磁铁,将其上吸附的磁性磨料进行回收。(5) The cylindrical permanent magnet in the grinding mechanism is removed, and the magnetic abrasives adsorbed on it are recovered.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1)本发明采用工件进给的方式加工,与磨削机构进给的方式相比,有效避免了因磨削机构受力不均而导致的进给精度不高,容易对凸轮工件表面造成划痕、毛刺和凹坑的问题;(1) The present invention adopts the way of workpiece feeding to process. Compared with the way of grinding mechanism feeding, it effectively avoids the low feeding accuracy caused by the uneven force of the grinding mechanism, which is easy to cause damage to the surface of the cam workpiece. Problems with scratches, burrs and dents;
(2)本发明将磁性磨料与研磨液混合后作为磁性研磨介质吸附在圆柱形永磁铁上,代替传统的砂轮对凸轮工件进行研磨,有效避免了砂轮研磨时因温升而造成凸轮表面烧伤的问题;(2) In the present invention, the magnetic abrasive is mixed with the grinding liquid and adsorbed on the cylindrical permanent magnet as a magnetic grinding medium to replace the traditional grinding wheel to grind the cam workpiece, effectively avoiding the burning of the cam surface due to temperature rise during the grinding of the grinding wheel question;
(3)本发明采用磁力研磨代替传动的砂轮研磨,提高了加工效率,并且降低了材料损耗;(3) The present invention adopts magnetic grinding to replace the grinding wheel grinding of transmission, which improves processing efficiency and reduces material loss;
(4)本发明通过控制系统将红外测距传感器与往复移动机构中的移动电机进行联锁控制,根据凸轮工件表面形状实时调节凸轮工件与圆柱形永磁铁之间的相对位置,保证了凸轮工件的加工精度。(4) The present invention carries out interlocking control with the mobile motor in the infrared ranging sensor and the reciprocating movement mechanism through the control system, and adjusts the relative position between the cam workpiece and the cylindrical permanent magnet in real time according to the surface shape of the cam workpiece, ensuring that the cam workpiece machining accuracy.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1是本发明所述一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置的立体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a device for grinding the working surface of a disc cam based on magnetic grinding according to the present invention.
图2是图1的后视图。FIG. 2 is a rear view of FIG. 1 .
图3是本发明所述研磨机构的立体结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic view of the grinding mechanism of the present invention.
图4是本发明所述凸轮夹持机构的立体结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the cam clamping mechanism of the present invention.
附图标记说明:Explanation of reference signs:
图中:1.移动电机 2.主动滑台 3.支撑架一 4.凸轮工件 5.轴承座 6.定位轴套7.圆柱形永磁铁 8.红外测距传感器 9.横梁 10.支撑柱 11.控制柜 12.启动按键 13.调速旋钮一 14.急停按键 15.调速旋钮二 16.永磁铁旋转电机 17.从动滑台 18.工作台19.大锥齿轮 20.小锥齿轮 21.凸轮转动电机 22.电源线一 23.联轴器 24.电源线二 25.电源线三 26.传感器电缆 27.带轮一 28.传动带 29.带轮二 30.支撑架 31.轴承座 32.轴承 33.安装轴 34.锁紧轴套In the figure: 1. Mobile motor 2. Active sliding table 3.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner" and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and Simplified descriptions, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific situations.
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明:The specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1、图2所示,本发明所述一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置,包括工作台18、往复移动机构、凸轮夹持机构、研磨机构、测距机构以及控制系统;所述往复移动机构设于工作台18上,用于带动凸轮夹持机构沿工作台18纵向往复移动;所述凸轮夹持机构用于安装并带动凸轮工件4绕自身轴线转动;所述研磨机构包括圆柱形永磁铁7及磁性研磨介质,圆柱形永磁铁7设于往复移动机构的一端并能够绕自身轴线转动,圆柱形永磁铁7的外侧吸附磁性研磨介质;所述测距机构中设红外测距传感器8用于实时检测到凸轮工件待加工面的距离;所述往复移动机构中的往复移动驱动装置、凸轮夹持机构中的凸轮转动驱动装置、研磨机构中的圆柱形永磁铁旋转驱动装置的驱动端,以及测距机构中的红外测距传感器的信号输出端分别连接控制系统。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of device based on magnetic grinding of the present invention realizes disc-shaped cam working surface grinding, including
所述往复移动机构包括主动滑台2及从动滑台17;主动滑台2由移动电机1、丝杠、丝杠支撑块及主动滑块组成;丝杠的两端由丝杠支撑块支撑,丝杠与丝杠支撑块之间可转动地连接;丝杠远离研磨机构的一端通过联轴器23与移动电机1的电机轴相连,主动滑块与丝杠通过螺纹传动连接;在移动电机1的作用下,主动滑块沿丝杠往复移动;从动滑台17由光轴、光轴支撑块及从动滑块组成;光轴与丝杠平行设置,光轴的两端由光轴支撑块支撑,光轴与光轴支撑块之间固定连接,从动滑块与光轴滑动连接;主动滑块与从动滑块分别连接凸轮夹持机构,主动滑块带动凸轮夹持机构移动时,从动滑块同步沿光轴移动。Described reciprocating mechanism comprises active slide table 2 and driven slide table 17; Active slide table 2 is made up of
如图1、图2及图4所示,所述凸轮夹持机构由支撑架一3、支撑架二、轴承座5、安装轴33、定位轴套6、锁紧轴套34、大锥齿轮19、小锥齿轮20及凸轮转动电机21组成;支撑架一3与支撑架二对称设置,支撑架一3的底部与主动滑块相连,支撑架二的底部与从动滑块相连;支撑架一3的顶部与支撑架二的顶部分别设轴承座5,安装轴33水平设置,安装轴33的两端与对应端的轴承座5转动连接;凸轮工件4与安装轴33之间通过键传动,定位轴套6、锁紧轴套34分别设于凸轮工件4两侧的安装轴33上,并且定位轴套6、锁紧轴套34与安装轴33之间均通过螺纹连接,通过定位轴套6调节凸轮工件4在安装轴33上的位置后通过锁紧轴套34锁紧固定;安装轴33的一端伸出轴承座5外,且伸出端设有大锥齿轮19,大锥齿轮19与小锥齿轮20啮合传动,小锥齿轮20设于凸轮转动电机21的电机轴上;在凸轮转动电机21的作用下,安装轴33带动凸轮工件4绕自身轴线转动。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 4, the cam clamping mechanism is composed of support frame one 3, support frame two, bearing seat 5,
如图3所示,所述研磨机构由支撑架30、圆柱形永磁铁7、磁性研磨介质、带传动机构及永磁铁旋转电机16组成;支撑架30设于往复移动机构一端的工作台18上,支撑架30的顶部两端分别设轴承座31,圆柱形永磁铁7设于水平的中心轴上,中心轴的两端与对应端的轴承座31转动连接,磁性研磨介质吸附在圆柱形永磁铁7的外表面;中心轴与圆柱形永磁铁7同轴设置,中心轴的一端从对应轴承座31伸出,且伸出端设带轮一27;永磁铁旋转电机16设于工作台18上,电机轴上设带轮二29,带轮一27与带轮二29通过传动带28连接组成带传动机构;在永磁铁旋转电机16的作用下,圆柱形永磁铁7绕自中心轴轴线旋转,并且圆柱形永磁铁7的转向与凸轮工件4的转向相反;圆柱形永磁铁7的长度大于凸轮工件4的厚度。As shown in Figure 3, described grinding mechanism is made up of
所述测距机构由红外测距传感器8、支撑柱10和横梁9组成;红外测距传感器8设于圆柱形永磁铁7的外上方,红外测距传感器8安装在横梁9上,横梁9的两端由对应端的支撑柱10支撑,支撑柱10的底部与工作台18固定连接。Described ranging mechanism is made up of infrared ranging
所述控制系统由PLC控制器、控制柜11及控制面板组成;控制柜11设于工作台18上,控制器设于控制柜11内,控制柜11的外侧设控制面板。Described control system is made up of PLC controller,
一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的方法,包括如下步骤:A method for grinding a disk cam face based on magnetic grinding, comprising the steps of:
(1)将凸轮工件4安装在凸轮夹持机构中的安装轴33上,通过定位轴套6和锁紧轴套34配合调整、固定凸轮工件4在安装轴33上的位置,使凸轮工件4与圆柱形永磁铁7对中;(1) The
(2)将磁性磨料与水基研磨液按照1:3~1.5;3的重量比混合、搅拌均匀后,吸附在圆柱形永磁铁7的表面;(2) The magnetic abrasive and the water-based grinding liquid are mixed according to a weight ratio of 1:3 to 1.5; 3, stirred evenly, and then adsorbed on the surface of the cylindrical permanent magnet 7;
(3)通过控制面板设定凸轮转动电机21、永磁铁旋转电机16的转速;启动移动电机1,使主动滑台2与从动滑台17同步移动,将凸轮工件4向圆柱形永磁铁7一端移动;通过红外测距传感器8与移动电机1的联锁控制,使凸轮工件4上初始待加工面与圆柱形永磁铁7之间的间隙为0.5~2mm;启动凸轮转动电机21及永磁铁旋转电机16,使凸轮工件4与圆柱形永磁铁7相对转动,通过磁性磨料对凸轮工件4的工作面进行研磨;研磨过程中,红外测距传感器8与移动电机1通过PLC控制器联锁控制,使凸轮工件4的实时待加工面与圆柱形永磁铁7的间隙始终保持在0.5~2mm;(3) set the rotating speed of
(4)研磨完成后,凸轮转动电机21、永磁铁旋转电机16停止转动,移动电机1反向转动带动凸轮工件4返回初始位置;卸下凸轮工件4并进行清洗、烘干,测量凸轮工件4工作面的粗糙度;(4) After the grinding is completed, the
(5)卸下研磨机构中的圆柱形永磁铁7,将其上吸附的磁性磨料进行回收。(5) The cylindrical permanent magnet 7 in the grinding mechanism is unloaded, and the magnetic abrasive material adsorbed on it is recovered.
本发明所述一种基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置的工作原理是:通过往复移动机构中的移动电机带动主动滑台中的丝杠正向或反向旋转,使主动滑块沿丝杠往复移动,并与从动滑台一起使凸轮夹持机构沿工作台纵向平稳移动;凸轮夹持机构设凸轮转动电机,用于带动凸轮工件转动;研磨机构中设圆柱形永磁铁,通过永磁铁旋转电机带动圆柱形永磁铁旋转,通过圆柱形永磁铁与凸轮工件之间的相对运动实现对凸轮工件工作面的磨削加工。测距机构中设红外测距传感器,用于实时测量其到凸轮工件待加工面之间的距离,并将数据传输到控制系统中,控制系统经分析计算后控制移动电机动作,实时调整凸轮工件的位置,保证凸轮工件待加工的工作面与圆柱形永磁铁的工作间隙不变,从而实现精密研磨。The working principle of the device for grinding the working surface of a disc cam based on magnetic grinding in the present invention is as follows: through the moving motor in the reciprocating mechanism, the lead screw in the active sliding table is driven to rotate forward or reversely, so that the active sliding block Move back and forth along the lead screw, and make the cam clamping mechanism move smoothly along the longitudinal direction of the worktable together with the driven slide; the cam clamping mechanism is equipped with a cam rotating motor to drive the cam workpiece to rotate; the grinding mechanism is equipped with a cylindrical permanent magnet, The cylindrical permanent magnet is driven to rotate by the permanent magnet rotating motor, and the grinding process of the working surface of the cam workpiece is realized through the relative motion between the cylindrical permanent magnet and the cam workpiece. The distance measuring mechanism is equipped with an infrared distance measuring sensor, which is used to measure the distance between it and the surface of the cam workpiece to be processed in real time, and transmit the data to the control system. After analysis and calculation, the control system controls the movement of the moving motor and adjusts the cam workpiece in real time. The position ensures that the working surface of the cam workpiece to be processed and the working gap of the cylindrical permanent magnet remain unchanged, thereby realizing precision grinding.
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和技术效果更加清楚,现对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。但以下所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。结合本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are now clearly and completely described. However, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. In combination with the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
【实施例】【Example】
如图1、图2所示,本实施例中,基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的装置包括工作台18、往复移动机构、凸轮夹持机构、研磨机构、测距机构以及控制系统,往复移动机构、研磨机构及测距机构均设于工作台18上。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the device for grinding the working surface of a disc cam based on magnetic grinding includes a
本实施例中,往复移动机构包括主动滑台2及从动滑台17;主动滑台2由移动电机、丝杠、丝杠支撑块及主动滑块组成;从动滑台17由光轴、光轴支撑块及从动滑块组成;从动滑台跟随主动滑台移动实现随动,两者的同步动作保证了凸轮夹持机构的平稳移动。通过移动电机1的正反转动作,实现凸轮夹持机构上凸轮工件4相对于圆柱形永磁铁7水平方向距离的调节。In this embodiment, the reciprocating movement mechanism includes the active slide table 2 and the driven slide table 17; the active slide table 2 is composed of a moving motor, a lead screw, a lead screw support block and a drive slide block; the driven slide table 17 is composed of an optical axis, The optical axis support block and the driven slider are composed; the driven slider follows the movement of the driving slider to realize follow-up, and the synchronous action of the two ensures the smooth movement of the cam clamping mechanism. The adjustment of the horizontal distance between the
本实施例中,凸轮夹持机构包括支撑架一3、支撑架二、轴承座5、安装轴33、定位轴套6及锁紧轴套34。支撑架一3和支撑架二分别固定在往复移动机构中对应的主动滑台2、从动滑台17上,支撑架一3和支撑架二的顶部用螺栓固定轴承座5。安装轴33的两端由轴承座5支撑,安装轴33与轴承座5之间设轴承32;凸轮工件4在安装轴33上的轴向位置由定位轴套6及锁紧轴套34调整后锁紧固定,安装轴33通过键带动凸轮工件4转动。凸轮转动电机21通过锥齿轮传动机构带动安装轴33旋转,进而带动凸轮工件4旋转。In this embodiment, the cam clamping mechanism includes a
本实施例中,测距机构包括红外测距传感器8、支撑柱10和横梁9。支撑柱10的下端固定于工作台18上,上端通过横梁9连接,横梁9的中间位置安装红外测距传感器8,用于测量其到凸轮工件4实时待加工面的距离,并将数据传输到控制系统。In this embodiment, the ranging mechanism includes an infrared ranging
本实施例中,研磨装置包括支撑架30、轴承座31、圆柱形永磁铁7、带传动机构和永磁铁旋转电机16。支撑架30由2个L形的支架组成,2个支架相对固定在工作台18上,通过螺栓将2个轴承座31分别固定在2个支架的顶部。圆柱形永磁铁7通过中心轴支撑在2个轴承座31之间。中心轴的一端伸出轴承座31连接带轮一27。永磁铁旋转电机16安装在工作台18上,电机轴上安装带轮二29,带轮一27和带轮二29均为V形带轮,通过V形的传动带28连接传动,通过永磁铁旋转电机16带动圆柱形永磁铁7旋转。In this embodiment, the grinding device includes a
本实施例中,控制系统用于实时收集红外测距传感器8检测的数据并进行分析计算,进而控制移动电机1的旋转方向及转速,实时调整凸轮工件4的位置,使凸轮工件4上待加工面与圆柱形永磁铁7之间保持合适的加工间隙。本实施例中,该加工间隙为1.5mm。同时,在控制面板的显示屏上实时显示移动电机1的转向及转速。控制面板上还设置2个调节旋钮即调速旋钮一13和调速旋钮二15,分别用于调节凸轮转动电机21的输出转速、永磁铁旋转电机16的输出转速,对应的转速数据均显示在显示屏上。另外,控制面板上还设有启动按键12及急停按键14。移动电机1通过电源线二24连接电源,凸轮转动电机21通过电源线一22连接电源,永磁铁旋转电机16通过电源线三25连接电源。红外测距传感器8通过传感器电缆连接控制系统。In this embodiment, the control system is used to collect the data detected by the infrared
本实施例中,基于磁力研磨实现盘形凸轮工作面磨削的方法,具体包括如下步骤:In the present embodiment, the method for realizing disc cam working surface grinding based on magnetic grinding specifically includes the following steps:
(1)将凸轮工件4安装在安装轴33上,通过定位轴套6和锁紧轴套34调整凸轮工件4的轴向位置,使其与圆柱形永磁铁7对中。(1) The
(2)将磁性磨粒、水基研磨液按照2:3的重量比混合,搅拌均匀后吸附在圆柱形永磁铁7上。(2) Mix the magnetic abrasive grains and the water-based abrasive liquid according to the weight ratio of 2:3, stir evenly and then adsorb on the cylindrical permanent magnet 7 .
(3)接通各部电源后,通过控制面板设定凸轮转动电机21、永磁铁旋转电机16的转速。移动电机1通过控制系统实时调节转速及转向,移动凸轮工件4,使其初始待加工面与圆柱形永磁铁7之间的工作间隙为1.5mm,并在后续的研磨加工过程中时刻保证两者的工作间隙。先启动永磁铁旋转电机16带动圆柱形永磁铁7旋转,再启动凸轮转动电机21带动凸轮工件4缓慢旋转,并且圆柱形永磁铁7的旋转方向与凸轮工件4的旋转方向相反,通过红外测距传感器8与移动电机1联锁调节凸轮工件4与圆柱形永磁铁7的相对位置,使凸轮工件4的工作面实现有效研磨。(3) After turning on the power supply of each part, set the rotating speed of the
(4)磨削完成后,凸轮夹持机构返回初始位置,关闭电源,卸下凸轮工件4,清洗表面、烘干,测量表面粗糙度。(4) After the grinding is completed, the cam clamping mechanism returns to the initial position, the power is turned off, the
(5)卸下研磨机构上的圆柱形永磁铁7,将磁性磨料进行回收。(5) The cylindrical permanent magnet 7 on the grinding mechanism is unloaded, and the magnetic abrasive is recovered.
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concepts thereof shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN117140205A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A magnetic grinding device with grinding compensation |
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