CN115673491A

CN115673491A - Welding method for aluminum alloy jointed board of ship

Info

Publication number: CN115673491A
Application number: CN202211313002.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈宜峰; 陈景毅; 王涛; 李硕
Original assignee: Jiangnan Shipyard Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangnan Shipyard Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-25
Filing date: 2022-10-25
Publication date: 2023-02-03

Abstract

The application provides a welding method of a ship aluminum alloy jointed board, which comprises the following steps: s1, butting the two jointed boards, and arranging an assembly gap with a preset distance at the butting position of the two jointed boards. And S2, arranging a gasket at the butt joint position of the back surfaces of the two jointed boards, processing a groove in the center of the gasket, and arranging the groove corresponding to the position of the assembly gap. And S3, respectively pressing a pressure frame on the front surfaces of the two jointed boards, performing single-side welding on the front surfaces of the two jointed boards in a MIG (Metal inert gas) welding mode, and removing the gasket after the welding is completed, wherein the front welding seams and the back welding seams of the two jointed boards both meet the welding requirements. The utility model provides a need not to carry out the carbon to the reverse side and dig the back chipping and polish among the welding process, increased substantially the welding efficiency and the welding quality of aluminum alloy makeup. Not only avoid the aluminum alloy sheet back to weld the problem of wearing, and can effectual reduction welding deformation and improvement weld inside quality. The method and the device reduce the construction cost, improve the field production efficiency and ensure the requirements of the aluminum alloy welding process.

Description

Welding method for aluminum alloy jointed board of ship

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of ship construction, in particular to a welding method for ship aluminum alloy jointed boards.

Background

The welding work of more aluminum alloy is involved in the construction of hull structures, and for example, structures such as superstructures of ships and the like adopt aluminum alloy structures. The existing domestic MIG welding mode for welding the aluminum alloy jointed board. MIG welding is known as metal inert-gas welding (melt-gas welding). When the aluminum alloy jointed board is welded by MIG, the front side is welded with the back side and then welded, after the front side is welded, the back side of the welding seam needs to be subjected to back gouging and polishing operation, and the welding operation of the back side welding seam is carried out again, so that the back gouging workload in the whole welding process is large, and the welding efficiency is low. And the welding is very easy to be penetrated when the back of the aluminum alloy sheet is welded, the welding quality is difficult to control, and the large deformation after welding needs a large amount of fire work for correction treatment.

In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the embodiment of the application is to provide a welding method for a ship aluminum alloy jointed board, which does not need to perform carbon planing, back chipping and polishing on the reverse side, and can greatly improve the welding efficiency and the welding quality of the aluminum alloy jointed board.

The welding method of the aluminum alloy jointed board of the ship comprises the following steps:

s1, butting the two jointed boards, and arranging an assembly gap with a preset distance at the butting position of the two jointed boards.

S2, arranging a gasket at the butt joint position of the back surfaces of the two jointed boards, wherein a groove is processed in the center of the gasket and corresponds to the position of the assembly gap.

And S3, respectively pressing a pressure frame on the front surfaces of the two jointed boards, performing single-side welding on the front surfaces of the two jointed boards in a MIG (Metal-inert gas) welding mode, taking down the gasket after the welding is completed, and enabling the front welding seams and the back welding seams of the two jointed boards to meet the welding requirements.

In an embodiment, in step S1, the butt-jointing the two jointed boards includes that striking and extinguishing arc plates are arranged at two ends along the length direction of the butt-joint, the thickness of the striking and extinguishing arc plates is the same as that of the jointed boards, and the shape of the groove of the striking and extinguishing arc plates is the same as that of the groove of the jointed boards.

In one embodiment, the joint grooves of the two jointed boards are V-shaped, the single-side groove angle is 30-60 degrees, and no truncated edge exists.

In one embodiment, the joint of two of the panels has a root clearance of 0-2mm.

In one embodiment, the oxide layer at the joint of the two panels is polished prior to MIG welding in step S3.

In one embodiment, in step S3, a baking gun is used to heat and dehumidify both sides of the weld before MIG welding; the heating and dehumidifying range is within 100mm from the welding line.

In one embodiment, in step S3, the MIG welding uses a multi-layer multi-pass annealing welding when the MIG welding is horizontal butt welding, wherein the width of the single-pass welding is less than or equal to 10mm, and the thickness of the single-pass welding is less than or equal to 6 mm.

In one embodiment, the MIG welding adopts consumable electrode mixed gas shielded welding, argon gas with the purity of 99.99% or more is adopted as shielding gas, and the gas flow rate is 15-30L/Min.

In one embodiment, the MIG welding process includes backing welding and facing welding.

In one embodiment, the welding current of the backing welding is 120-150A, the welding voltage is 17-20V, and the welding speed is 400-450mm/min; the welding current of the cover surface welding is 140-170A, the voltage is 19-22V, and the welding speed is 450-550mm/min.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application do:

in the technical scheme of this application, need not to dig the back carbon among the welding process of makeup and dig the back and polish, increased substantially the welding efficiency and the welding quality of aluminum alloy makeup. Through the arrangement of the liner, the welding forming requirements of the front side and the back side of the aluminum alloy jointed board can be met while the front side welding is completed. Not only avoids the problem of welding through on the back of the aluminum alloy sheet, but also can effectively reduce welding deformation and improve the internal quality of welding. Through setting up the recess on the liner, when satisfying the welding requirement of positive welding seam, the reverse side welding seam passes through the recess shaping, therefore the reverse side welding seam need not back chipping and back cover welding, practice thrift the step, very big reduction work load, improve welding efficiency, it is fixed to suppress the makeup through the pressure frame, prevent dislocation and deformation, guarantee welding quality, can reduce welding work load and welding deformation, reduce construction cost, improve on-the-spot production efficiency, ensure aluminum alloy welding process requirement, this application can improve shipbuilding efficiency, do benefit to and use widely.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a welding method of a jointed aluminum alloy plate of a ship according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a welding method of a ship aluminum alloy jointed board according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a left side view of the welding method of the aluminum alloy jointed board of the ship according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a panel and a gasket in the welding method for a ship aluminum alloy panel according to the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a weld joint in the welding method for the aluminum alloy panels of the ship according to the embodiment of the invention.

Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:

1. splicing plates; 2. a liner; 3. a pressure frame; 4. and an arc striking and extinguishing plate.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

Referring to fig. 1, the application provides a welding method of a ship aluminum alloy jointed board, which comprises the following steps:

s1, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, two jointed boards 1 are butted, and a fitting gap with a predetermined distance is arranged at the butt joint position of the two jointed boards 1.

The plate of the jointed plate 1 is made of 6mm thick aluminum-magnesium alloy with the specification of 5083, the tensile strength of the material is larger than or equal to 270MPa, and the material is moderate in strength and good in corrosion resistance. However, the material is very sensitive to hydrogen and is very easy to generate hydrogen holes, so that an oxide layer, oil stain, water vapor and the like near the groove are required to be removed carefully before welding, and the material is widely applied to the construction of high and new product hull structures at present.

S2, as shown in fig. 4, a gasket 2 is arranged at the butt joint of the back surfaces of the two jointed boards 1, a groove is processed in the center of the gasket 2 and is arranged corresponding to the assembly gap, and the groove completely covers the assembly gap on the back surface of the jointed boards 1.

It should be noted that the gasket 2 is a stainless steel gasket 2, the width of the groove is 6-8mm, the depth is 2-4mm, and the length of the groove is greater than the length of the assembly gap.

And S3, as shown in figure 3, respectively pressing a pressure frame 3 on the front surfaces of the two jointed boards 1, performing single-surface welding on the front surfaces of the two jointed boards 1 in a MIG (metal inert gas) welding mode, and removing the liner 2 after the single-surface welding is completed, wherein the front welding seams and the back welding seams of the two jointed boards 1 both meet the welding requirements.

Practice shows that the welding method provided by the application has the advantages that the front and back sides of the welding line are well formed, the root of the welding line is well fused, a welded test piece is less in deformation, the welding efficiency is improved by more than 2 times compared with that of a traditional welding method, the material consumption cost is reduced by 50%, and the labor cost is reduced by 50%.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, in step S1, the butt-jointing of the two jointed boards 1 includes that the arc striking and extinguishing plates 4 are arranged at two ends along the length direction of the butt-jointing part, the thickness of the arc striking and extinguishing plates 4 is the same as that of the jointed boards 1, and the groove of the arc striking and extinguishing plates 4 is the same as that of the jointed boards 1, so that it is considered that the assembly gap at the butt-jointing part of the two jointed boards 1 is kept unchanged at a predetermined distance, and the back surface of the jointed board 1 can be prevented from being damaged during the welding process of the end part of the welding seam.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the joint bevel of the two panels 1 is V-shaped with a single bevel angle of 30-60 °, preferably 45 °, and no blunt edge.

In one embodiment, the root gap of the joint of two panels 1 is 0-2mm.

In one embodiment, the oxide layer at the joint of the two panels 1 is polished prior to MIG welding in step S3.

Specifically, the oxide layer includes the oxide layers on the front and back surfaces of the panel 1. The polishing treatment comprises polishing the surface oxide layer within 20mm from the joint.

In one embodiment, in step S3, both sides of the weld are heated and dehumidified using a baking gun before MIG welding. The heating and dehumidifying range is the jointed board 1 within 100mm from the welding seam.

In one embodiment, before welding, the welding material is placed in a constant temperature room to prevent the welding material from being affected with damp, and welding defects are avoided during welding.

In one embodiment, in step S3, the width of the single-pass weld of MIG welding is 10mm or less and the thickness of the single-pass weld is 6mm or less, and multiple layers of multiple annealing welds are used for transverse butt welding.

In one embodiment, MIG welding is performed by gas metal arc welding, using a pulse water-cooled welding device. The protective gas is argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent, the gas flow rate is 15-30L/Min, and the gas flow rate is preferably 20L/Min. The inert gas shielded welding pulse welding procedure and 99.99 percent argon gas are adopted to protect the molten pool, thereby effectively improving the stability of electric arc and ensuring the internal quality of the welding seam. The welding material is phi 1.2 and 5083 aluminum alloy welding wire, and the welding wire has good corrosion resistance, thermal crack resistance, high strength and good forgeability.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a MIG welding process includes: backing welding and cover welding. In fig. 5, the weld at the bottom layer is a backing weld and the weld at the top layer is a cap weld.

Specifically, the number of front welding tracks is 2 layers and 22 tracks, the front backing welding current is 120-150A, the welding voltage is 17-20V, and the welding speed is 400-450mm/min. As shown in figure 3, the front-back and left-right angles of a welding gun are perpendicular to a plate seam during backing welding, the dry extension of a welding wire is controlled to be 10-15 mm, a linear welding non-swing gesture is adopted, the welding wire is controlled at the center of a molten pool, a protective cleaning belt is formed around the molten pool during welding, and the height of a front welding seam is controlled to be 1-2 mm away from the surface of a base metal. During backing welding, if a weld joint exists, the defects of cracks, shrinkage holes and the like at the position of the arc pit are polished, and arc welding is performed at a position 15-30 mm away from the joint during the joint so as to ensure the weld forming and the joint quality of the backing weld. The welding current of the cover surface welding is 140-170A, the welding voltage is 19-22V, and the welding speed is 450-550mm/min. The front-back and left-right angles of a welding gun for cover welding are perpendicular to a plate seam, the dry extension of a welding wire is controlled to be 10-15 mm, an oxide layer on the surface of a welding seam of a priming layer is polished before the cover welding, the cover welding gesture is the same as the filling, the welding wire moves in the center of a molten pool during welding, a protective cleaning belt is formed around the molten pool during welding to ensure that the molten pool of a welding seam is optimally protected, the welding speed is timely adjusted according to the width of the molten pool and the height of the welding seam during the cover welding, the height of the cover welding seam is 1-3mm, and the width of the welding seam is 10mm. The heat input amount is small in the welding process, the welding deformation is small, the fusion of welding seams is guaranteed, the temperature between welding seam layers is strictly controlled, and the welding quality is guaranteed to meet the requirements.

In one embodiment, step S3 further comprises a back side weld process. As shown in FIG. 5, after the front welding is finished, the back welding seam is directly formed through the groove of the liner 2, the width of the back welding seam is 6-8mm, and the height of the back welding seam is 2-3 mm. And after the welding of the back surface is finished, the polishing sheet is adopted to grind the surface of the welding line, so that the defects of air holes and the like on the surface of the welding line of the back surface are ensured.

In one embodiment, after step S3, the quality of the weld is checked, including: and (4) checking and deblocking the front surface and the back surface, performing nondestructive inspection (RT) detection after visual forming is good and no defects such as conventional undercut, air holes, incomplete fusion and the like exist, and determining that the internal quality of a welding seam is good and no defect exists. And finally, sampling the welded aluminum alloy jointed board 1, and performing mechanical property tests such as stretching, bending, fatigue and the like, wherein the test results show that the welding of the ship aluminum alloy jointed board 1 is completed after the aluminum alloy jointed board meets the aluminum alloy welding requirements. On the premise of meeting the requirement of better molding of the front surface and the back surface of the welding line, the mechanical properties of stretching, bending and the like of the welding jointed board 1 are good, and the process requirements are met.

To sum up, the welding method of the aluminum alloy jointed board of the ship provided by the application has the advantages that the back surface does not need to be subjected to carbon planing, back chipping and polishing in the welding process of the jointed board 1, and the welding efficiency and the welding quality of the aluminum alloy jointed board 1 are greatly improved. Through the arrangement of the liner 2, the front welding of the aluminum alloy jointed board 1 is completed, and meanwhile, the welding seam of the back side meets the welding forming requirement. Not only avoid the aluminum alloy sheet back to weld the problem of wearing, and can effectual reduction welding deformation and improvement weld inside quality. Through set up the recess on liner 2, when satisfying the welding requirement of positive welding seam, the back welding seam passes through the recess shaping, therefore back welding seam need not back chipping and back cover welding, practices thrift the step, very big reduction work load, improvement welding efficiency to improve shipbuilding efficiency, do benefit to and use widely. The jointed boards 1 are pressed and fixed through the pressure frame 3, so that dislocation and deformation are prevented, and the welding quality is ensured. The welding workload and the welding deformation can be reduced, the construction cost is reduced, the on-site production efficiency is improved, and the requirements of the aluminum alloy welding process are met.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The welding method of the aluminum alloy jointed board of the ship is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, butting two jointed boards, and arranging an assembly gap with a preset distance at the butting position of the two jointed boards;

s2, arranging a gasket at the butt joint position of the back surfaces of the two jointed boards, wherein a groove is processed in the center of the gasket and is arranged corresponding to the position of the assembly gap;

2. The welding method of aluminum alloy jointed boards for ships as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the butt-jointing of two jointed boards comprises arranging arc striking and extinguishing plates at two ends along the length direction of the butt-jointing position, the thickness of the arc striking and extinguishing plates is the same as that of the jointed boards, and the grooves of the arc striking and extinguishing plates are the same as that of the jointed boards.

3. The method for welding aluminum alloy panels for ships as set forth in claim 2, wherein the joint bevel of the two panels is V-shaped, the single bevel angle is 30-60 °, and no blunt edge is present.

4. The method for welding aluminum alloy panels for ships according to claim 3, wherein the root gap of the joint of two of said panels is 0-2mm.

5. The method for welding aluminum alloy panels for ships according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, before MIG welding, an oxide layer at the joint of two of the panels is polished.

6. The welding method for jointed marine aluminum alloy panels as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S3, a baking gun is used to heat and dehumidify both sides of the weld joint before MIG welding; the heating and dehumidifying range is within 100mm from the welding line.

7. The method for welding jointed marine aluminum alloy plates according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein in step S3, the MIG welding adopts a single-pass welding seam with a width of 10mm or less and a thickness of 6mm or less, and adopts multilayer multi-pass annealing welding in transverse butt welding.

8. The welding method of the aluminum alloy jointed board of the ship of claim 7, wherein the MIG welding adopts consumable electrode mixed gas shielded welding, the shielding gas adopts argon gas with the purity of 99.99% or more, and the gas flow rate is 15-30L/Min.

9. The method for welding jointed marine aluminum alloy panels as claimed in claim 8, wherein the MIG welding process comprises backing welding and facing welding.

10. The welding method for the aluminum alloy jointed board of the ship as claimed in claim 9, wherein the welding current of the backing welding is 120-150A, the welding voltage is 17-20V, and the welding speed is 400-450mm/min; the welding current of the cover surface welding is 140-170A, the voltage is 19-22V, and the welding speed is 450-550mm/min.