CN115673382B - Deep hole machining method and device - Google Patents
Deep hole machining method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115673382B CN115673382B CN202211701238.8A CN202211701238A CN115673382B CN 115673382 B CN115673382 B CN 115673382B CN 202211701238 A CN202211701238 A CN 202211701238A CN 115673382 B CN115673382 B CN 115673382B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a deep hole machining method and device, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The method comprises the following steps: the control unit obtains deviation data of the actual hole position of the workpiece relative to the ideal hole position based on a detection unit capable of moving relative to the workpiece in the circumferential direction and/or the axial direction; the control unit controls the feeding state of the drilling tool unit and/or the correction acting force of the correction unit based on the deviation data, so that the detection unit and the correction unit can act on the section of the workpiece downstream of the drilling tool unit in the machining direction respectively to coordinate with the dynamic feeding of the drilling tool unit and the automatic correction of the correction unit, and the correction acting position of the correction unit on the workpiece radially exerts the correction acting force for generating elastic deformation for counteracting the radial deviation in a manner of being arranged at intervals around the circumferential surface of the workpiece. The deep hole machining process based on the method can comprehensively judge a plurality of factors influencing deviation measurement and deviation correction control so as to realize the effects of accurate detection, automatic feeding and intelligent deviation correction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a deep hole machining technology, and specifically relates to a deep hole machining method and device.
Background
The deep hole processing technology is widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace, energy mining, automobile manufacturing, petrochemical industry, metallurgy, instrument and meter, national defense equipment manufacturing and the like, has high processing difficulty and high manufacturing cost, and becomes one of the difficulties in the mechanical manufacturing technology. In particular, deep holes refer to holes with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter of greater than or equal to 5, and particularly in deep hole processing processes with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter of greater than 20, the processing difficulty is that: cutter elongation results in low tool system stiffness; the self-guiding of the cutter is easy to cause the deflection of the cutter; difficult heat dissipation and difficult chip removal; the phenomena of diameter enlargement, taper or hole deflection and the like are easy to occur, so that the machining precision can not meet the quality requirement.
The deep hole machining process is complex, and factors causing the offset of the hole axis are various, such as factors of insufficient cutter bar rigidity, initial deflection of a cutter, dead weight of the cutter bar, machining mode, influence of geometric parameters of the cutter and the like. Meanwhile, the deep hole processing is mostly processed in a closed state or a semi-closed state, so that the deep hole processing has the characteristics of being closed and invisible, and the common tool detection method and the common tool detection instrument cannot be applied to state detection of the deep hole processing, so that effective monitoring is difficult in the deep hole processing process. Along with the continuous improvement of the requirements of the deep hole processing quality in various fields, quality control methods such as deviation detection, deviation correction and the like are required to be introduced in the deep hole processing process to improve the processing precision so as to improve the processing quality.
The technical scheme for detecting and correcting the deep hole machining deviation in the prior art comprises the following steps: the deviation detection and correction component is improved or added for the drilling tool unit, so that the drilling tool unit can carry out deviation correction control based on the structural stability or passive/active adjustment measures; a detection device or a deviation correcting device is arranged for the workpiece, and the deviation correcting device is controlled to apply deviation correcting control measures to the workpiece or the drilling tool unit based on deviation detection data analysis.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN102658382B discloses an automatic calibration frame for deep hole processing of a non-magnetic drilling tool, the structure of which comprises a lathe bed and an automatic calibration frame mounted thereon; the automatic correction frame comprises a machine base, a rotary sleeve seat, a rotary sleeve, a bearing, a top, a servo motor, a depth adjusting device, a laser data collector and a PC data processing control cabinet. According to the scheme, deflection data of the surface of the workpiece deviating from the calibration light is obtained based on the laser detection device, and the correction frame adjusts the servo mechanism based on the deflection data, so that all supporting points of the correction frame in different radial directions are automatically adjusted to correct deflection of the workpiece.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN112077362B discloses a hydraulic-based small and medium diameter deep hole machining self-correcting system, which comprises an inner revolving body, an outer revolving body and a driving mechanism; the inner revolving body is sleeved on the periphery of the drill rod and is fixed relative to the drill rod; cutting fluid is filled between the inner revolving body and the outer revolving body so as to form a runner between the inner revolving body and the outer revolving body, the runner comprises a plurality of wedge-shaped runners uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, when the driving mechanism drives the inner revolving body to rotate, the cutting fluid enters the small end from the large end of the wedge-shaped runner, and oil film pressure is generated by superposition of pressure flow and shear flow so as to realize self-centering and self-correcting of the drill rod. The invention forms a wedge-shaped flowing space between the wedge-shaped entity and the outer sleeve, and the oil film pressure of the wedge-shaped space provides circumferentially symmetrical self-centering force in a normal state; when the drill rod is deflected, the wedge-shaped space generates oil film pressure, namely self-correcting force, and the drill rod can be pushed back to the correct axis by utilizing the self-correcting force, so that the self-correction of the axis deflection is realized.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN112247205B discloses a gun drill for deep hole processing based on piezoelectric ceramic material deviation correction and a deviation correction method. The piezoelectric gun drill comprises a piezoelectric drill bit and a piezoelectric drill rod; two strip tile-shaped piezoelectric ceramics are arranged at the front end of the piezoelectric drill rod, the circumferential angle of the front end of the piezoelectric drill rod is different by 90 degrees, and the tile-shaped piezoelectric ceramics are used for detecting voltage changes caused by axial stress generated when the drill rod is bent due to axial deflection, so that the direction and the size of the axial deflection are judged; arc-shaped entities are welded on the piezoelectric drill bit, three cylindrical grooves are machined in the circumferential direction, cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics are installed, the upper surface of each cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic is adhered with a hard alloy protective layer and forms interference fit with the hole wall, external voltage signals are applied to enable the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics to radially deform, the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics are extruded with the machined hole wall, and the deflected drill bit is pushed back to the correct position.
Based on the analysis, in the scheme of passive feedback deviation correction adjustment based on the self structure of the drilling tool unit in deep hole processing in the prior art, the setting mode of self deviation correction based on oil path hydraulic pressure is easily affected by the change of the flow path structure and the flow state, for example, the flow path blockage can cause the stress balance of the drilling tool at the non-center; the detection component and the deviation correcting component are arranged on the drilling tool unit, so that the processing difficulty of the drilling tool unit is further improved, the self rigidity of the drilling tool unit is weakened, and the probability of deflection and jump of the drilling tool unit is increased;
In the active deviation control scheme based on external deviation detection, deviation data serving as deviation correction control input information can only aim at deviation data of the surface of a workpiece and cannot obtain actual deviation data of an internal deep hole, so that unexpected deviation data measurement errors are introduced, and particularly in the blind hole machining or eccentric machining process, the existing scheme cannot provide a real-time dynamic control scheme capable of comprehensively considering detection and deviation correction influence factors for deviation correction control on the processing of positioning data and deviation data of a hole.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least some of the shortcomings set forth in the prior art, the present application provides a deep hole machining method comprising the steps of: the control unit obtains deviation data of the actual hole position of the workpiece relative to the ideal hole position based on a detection unit capable of moving relative to the circumferential direction and/or the axial direction of the workpiece, wherein the deviation data comprises radial deviations of a plurality of detection sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece and the change rate of the radial deviations along the axial direction of the workpiece; the control unit controls the feeding state of the drilling tool unit and/or the correction acting force of the correction unit based on the deviation data, so that the detection unit and the correction unit can respectively act on the cross section of the workpiece at the downstream of the machining direction of the drilling tool unit to match with the dynamic feeding of the drilling tool unit and the automatic correction of the correction unit; wherein the correction unit radially applies a correction force for generating elastic deformation for canceling the radial deviation to the workpiece in such a manner that correction action positions are arranged at intervals around the circumferential surface of the workpiece.
Aiming at the problems that in the existing scheme for measuring and correcting deviation of deep hole machining, the scheme for carrying out passive correction control based on a drilling tool structure and carrying out active correction based on deviation detection is difficult to be applied to the conditions of blind hole machining, eccentric machining, small-size deep holes and the like, the application provides a deep hole machining method. Compared with deviation data acquired based on the drilling tool unit or the workpiece surface in the prior art, the method can acquire radial deviations of the workpiece sections where the detection unit is located based on the ultrasonic thickness measurement and positioning angle measurement modes, acquire radial deviations of a plurality of workpiece sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece based on movement detection, and the deviation data of a plurality of workpiece sections can also be used for calculating and acquiring the change rate of the radial deviations along the axial direction, so that the control unit acquires the deviation degree and the deviation development trend of the actual drilling position relative to the designed position based on the radial deviations and the change rate of the radial deviations along the axial direction, and the deviation degree and the deviation development trend can provide fine data support for control and adjustment of the drilling tool unit and the correction unit.
Compared with the scheme of arranging the deviation correcting component on the drilling tool unit, the deviation correcting mode based on the external applied correction acting force is not limited by the size of the deep hole, and adverse effects on the structural stability and the rigidity of the drilling tool unit are avoided. Under the condition that the correction unit obtains the deviation degree and the deviation development trend of a plurality of tool sections, the action position and the action force of the correction unit on the workpiece and the working states of the drilling tool unit and the detection unit are jointly considered to comprehensively judge a plurality of factors influencing deviation measurement and deviation correction control, so that the optimization working conditions of accurate detection, automatic feeding and intelligent deviation correction can be achieved in the deep hole machining process based on the application method.
Preferably, the correction unit is provided with a plurality of pressing mechanisms which are arranged along the axial direction of the workpiece, and the pressing mechanisms are controlled by the moving mechanisms to move in the axial direction in a mutually independent mode so as to adapt to the dynamic process of deep hole machining; the plurality of pressing mechanisms are respectively provided with pressing surfaces which can contact different circumferential positions of the workpiece section, so that the plurality of pressing surfaces are arranged around the axis of the workpiece section and apply correction acting force along the radial direction of the workpiece section. The arrangement mode of the correction unit around the workpiece can generate correction acting force in any direction based on resultant force, the correction unit can be suitable for radial deviation in different directions, and especially, the correction acting force applied in the radial direction can generate elastic deformation for counteracting the radial deviation aiming at the drill collar workpiece manufactured by using high-manganese, high-nickel and high-chromium alloy materials, the elastic deformation acts on the downstream of a machining position and is larger than the radial deviation, so that the correction unit can correct the machining direction to ensure the machining quality.
Preferably, the workpiece sections acted on the workpiece by the detection unit, the drilling unit and the correction unit are respectively a detection section, a processing section and a correction section, which are all perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece, wherein the detection section, the processing section and the correction section are arranged in a manner from upstream to downstream in the processing direction. The detection distance between the detection section and the processing section is set according to the feeding state of the drilling tool unit, wherein the feeding state of the drilling tool unit at least comprises a feeding speed and a feeding depth, and the detection distance is positively related to the feeding depth and the feeding speed respectively. The feed state of the tool unit comprises at least a feed speed and a feed depth, and the correction distance between the correction section and the machining section can be set according to the feed speed of the tool unit and the radial deviation of the deviation data such that the correction distance is positively correlated with the feed speed and negatively correlated with the absolute value of the radial deviation. The relative position relation and the distance between the detection section, the processing section and the correction section along the axial direction are adjusted comprehensively considering the influence of the relative position relation and the distance on the detection, the feeding and the correction control, so that the position relation and the distance are optimally configured based on the feeding speed, the radial deviation, the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction and the workpiece parameters.
Preferably, the control unit obtains the predicted radial deviation of the corrected section based on the radial deviation of the detected section and the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction in combination with the computational analysis of the detected distance and the corrected distance, so that the predicted radial deviation can be used as the input data for the correction unit to automatically correct the deviation. The control unit obtains the correction force applied to the correction section based on the predicted radial deviation of the correction section and the rate of change of the radial deviation of the detection section in the axial direction in combination with computational analysis of the workpiece parameters. Because the detection section is positioned at the upstream of the correction section, the deviation data of the detection section has time delay, and the radial deviation of the detection section, the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction and the continuity of the deviation data along the axial direction are considered, the control unit can calculate the predicted radial deviation of the correction section based on the deviation data of the detection section, so that the predicted radial deviation can be used as the input data for automatic correction of the correction unit, and the magnitude of elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is adjusted by combining the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction so as to improve the correction control efficiency and smoothness of the correction unit.
Preferably, the deviation data is obtained by combining the characteristic thickness of the actual hole site relative to the surface of the workpiece and the characteristic angle of the actual hole site relative to the ideal hole site with the workpiece parameters; the characteristic thickness refers to the extreme value of the distance between the actual hole site and the outer surface of the workpiece, and the characteristic angle refers to the deviation angle of the actual hole site relative to the ideal hole site.
Preferably, the feed state of the tool unit comprises at least a feed speed such that the feed speed of the tool unit at the machining section is configured as a function of the relative radial deviation and/or the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction. The adjustment of the feed speed can reduce the deviation development speed, and can provide the reaction time for applying the correction acting force for the correction control of the correction unit, so that the correction effect of the correction unit on the downstream of the processing position can be matched with the advancing speed of the drilling tool unit to ensure the correction quality.
Preferably, the control unit characterizes the degree of deviation of the deep hole machining at different workpiece section positions and the deviation development trend of the degree of deviation along the axial direction based on the radial deviation and the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction.
The application also provides a deep hole processing device, and the device carries out deep hole processing operation based on the deep hole processing method, and the device includes: the device comprises a detection unit for obtaining deviation data of an actual hole position of a workpiece relative to an ideal hole position, a correction unit for controlling the application of correction acting force along the radial direction of the workpiece based on the deviation data, and a control unit respectively connected with the detection unit and the correction unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a detection unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a correction unit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a pressing mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of a deep hole processing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1: a workpiece; 2: an ideal hole site; 3: actual hole sites; 4: and a detection unit: 5: a traveling unit; 6: a drilling tool unit; 7: a control unit; 8: a processing machine tool; 9: a correction unit; 10: a pressing mechanism; 11: and a moving mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method aims at solving the problems that deviation detection and deviation correction control schemes related to deep hole machining in the prior art are not suitable for deep hole machining processes such as blind hole machining, eccentric drilling and small-size deep hole machining processes, and particularly aims at solving the problems that in the deep hole machining processes of non-magnetic material petroleum drilling tools such as drill collars and the like, the materials are very flexible, local bending deformation or axis deviation of a workpiece 1 is easily caused in a drilling dynamic process, so that accurate and effective real-time deviation detection and deviation correction control in the machining dynamic process are of great significance in guaranteeing deep hole machining quality. For example, drill collars for oil drilling exploitation are mostly made of high manganese, high nickel and high chromium alloy materials, the hardness of the drill collars can reach above 40HRC, the yield strength of the drill collars can reach about 1100MPa, unavoidable and unpredictable deflection of drilling tools can be generated in the advancing process due to the material characteristics and the non-uniformity of the stress hardness inside workpieces, the deflection can be increased in a nonlinear manner along with the increase of processing parameters such as the diameter-length ratio, and therefore, the accurate measurement of the deflection degree and the deflection development trend in the deep hole processing process is the basis for effective deviation correction control of the deep hole processing process.
In the prior art, the passive feedback deviation correction and active measurement deviation correction scheme based on the drilling tool structure is limited by the size of the deep hole and cannot be suitable for small-size deep holes, and the detection component and the deviation correction component are arranged on the drilling tool structure to further improve the complexity of the drilling tool and weaken the rigidity of the drilling tool, so that the stability of the drilling tool is not maintained in the deep hole processing advancing process, and the adverse influence of the drilling tool structure on deviation development is easily amplified; the existing deviation detection and deviation correction control scheme based on the external structure is insufficient in detection and analysis of deviation degree and deviation development trend in the dynamic advancing process of deep hole machining, so that the measured deviation data cannot comprehensively reflect influences caused by machining parameters, detection arrangement and deviation correction feedback.
Therefore, the application proposes a deep hole processing method and a deep hole processing device, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the device comprises a detection unit 4, a correction unit 9 and a control unit 7, the method obtains radial deviations and radial deviation change rates along the axial direction on a plurality of workpiece sections based on a mode that the detection unit 4 measures relative position parameters of actual drilling positions and ideal drilling positions, so that the control unit 7 can obtain deviation degrees of deep hole processing at different workpiece section positions and deviation development trends of the deviation degrees along the axial direction based on the radial deviations and the radial deviation change rates along the axial direction; as shown in fig. 4, the control unit 7 controls the feeding state of the drill unit 6 based on the above-described degree of deviation and deviation development tendency, and the feeding state may include a drill size model, a feeding speed, a feeding depth, and the like, so that the feeding state of the drill unit 6 is matched with the deviation detection of the detection unit 4; the control unit 7 adjusts the correction unit 9 for deviation correction control based on the working states of the detection unit 4 and the drilling tool unit 6 to perform deviation correction, so that the method of the present application can implement deviation measurement, automatic feed adjustment and deviation correction control in the deep hole machining process.
In the deep hole machining process of the workpiece 1 based on the method, due to the difference of the action positions of the detection unit 4, the drilling tool unit 6 and the correction unit 9 on the workpiece 1, the action cross sections of the detection unit, the drilling tool unit 6 and the correction unit are respectively defined as a detection cross section, a machining cross section and a correction cross section. As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the workpiece 1 is limited to a processing machine tool 8, the workpiece 1 is defined with an ideal hole site 2 for indicating a processing design position and an actual hole site 3 for indicating an actual processing position, a detection unit 4 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the workpiece 1 and is controlled to move in the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the workpiece 1 based on a traveling unit 5 so as to match with the dynamic traveling process of deep hole processing, the detection unit 4 is used for measuring the position parameter of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 based on ultrasonic thickness measurement and angle measurement, and a control unit 7 is used for obtaining radial deviation data of the ideal actual hole site 3 relative to an ideal vacancy on a detection section based on the position parameter and decomposing the radial deviation data to mutually perpendicular directions so as to facilitate analysis and calculation.
Specifically, to better characterize the machining position of the ideal hole site 2 and provide a reference basis for positioning the detection unit 4, the workpiece 1 may be machined with positioning marks arranged along the axial direction on the circumferential surface nearest to the ideal hole site 2, the positioning marks may be shallow wire grooves with scales, the scales may be used for indicating the extending distance along the axial direction, and the shallow wire grooves may provide positioning references for components arranged on the outer surface of the workpiece 1. For the situation that the ideal hole site 2 is positioned at the axis or the eccentric position of the workpiece, radial deviation exists on the detection section of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2, and the radial deviation can be decomposed into two deviation amounts in the vertical directions, so that the corresponding deviation correcting measures can obtain accurate input parameters for deviation correcting control based on the deviation amounts in the vertical directions. For example, defining the diameter axis passing through the center of the ideal hole site 2 as the Y axis and defining the axis perpendicular to the Y axis and passing through the center of the workpiece as the X axis enables the deviation of the actual hole site 3 from the ideal hole site 2 to be resolved into the amounts of deviation of the X axis and the Y axis. The position of the ideal hole site 2 is defined according to the specification and the processing requirement of the workpiece 1, so that the center position and the range of the ideal hole site 2 have defined parameters or parameter ranges in a coordinate system formed by an X axis and a Y axis, and therefore, the accurate positioning of the actual hole site 3 has important significance for accurately measuring the radial deviation on a detection section.
In order to accurately determine the actual hole position 3 generated in the deep hole processing process, the detection unit 4 adopts ultrasonic thickness measurement and coordinates with the mode of angle measurement based on a positioning mark to perform positioning measurement of the actual hole position 3 so as to obtain the position parameter of the actual hole position 3 relative to the ideal hole position 2, wherein the position parameter comprises characteristic thickness and characteristic angle, the characteristic thickness refers to the extreme value of the distance between the actual hole position 3 and the outer surface of the workpiece 1, the characteristic angle is the angle deviation of the position of the characteristic thickness relative to the ideal hole position 2 measured by the detection unit 4, namely the angle deviation of the actual hole position 3 relative to the ideal hole position 2, and the characteristic thickness and the characteristic angle are combined with the workpiece parameter to convert deviation data in a polar coordinate system into radial deviation in a rectangular coordinate system and decompose the radial deviation into mutually perpendicular directions.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the measurement of the characteristic thickness is realized based on an ultrasonic probe arranged on the outer surface of the workpiece 1, and the ultrasonic probe can move along the circumferential direction of the workpiece 1 and follow the axial movement of the detection unit 4 along the workpiece 1 so as to meet the measurement requirement in the deep hole machining dynamic process; the measurement of the characteristic angle is realized based on an angle gauge arranged on the outer surface of the workpiece 1, and the angle gauge can cover at least part of the outer surface of the workpiece 1 including the positioning mark, so that the angle gauge can be matched with an ultrasonic probe to obtain the characteristic angle of the actual hole position 3 relative to the ideal hole position 2. In order to accurately measure the characteristic thickness and the characteristic angle, the ultrasonic probe can measure the minimum or maximum distance from the actual hole site 3 to the surface of the workpiece in the process that the ultrasonic probe moves along the circumferential direction of the workpiece 1, namely the characteristic thickness is the extreme point of the distance from the current position of the actual hole site 3 to the surface of the workpiece. For example, the ultrasonic probe and the angle measuring tool are cooperatively arranged, the ultrasonic probe can move along the circumferential direction of the workpiece based on a measuring track arranged on one side, far away from the workpiece 1, of the angle measuring tool, so that the ultrasonic probe can obtain a distance function from an actual hole site 3 to the ultrasonic probe based on movable measurement along the circumferential direction of the workpiece, an independent variable is the angle deviation of the ultrasonic probe relative positioning mark, a dependent variable is thickness data, an extreme value in the thickness data, namely the maximum value or the minimum value of the distance from the actual hole site 3 to the surface of the workpiece 1 is selected as the characteristic thickness of the actual hole site 3, and the angle deviation of the characteristic thickness position measured by the ultrasonic probe can be used as the characteristic angle of the actual hole site 3 relative to an ideal hole site 2.
In the functional relation of the thickness data of the actual hole site 3 from the circumferential surface of the workpiece 1 relative to the deviation angle of the ultrasonic probe and the positioning mark, because the symmetrical relation exists between the deep hole machining hole and the relative extreme position of the ultrasonic probe along the moving path of the workpiece circumferential direction, the data or derivative relation corresponding to the functional relation should be symmetrical at both ends of the extreme, so that the standard degree of the symmetrical relation can be used for evaluating the hole forming quality and the development of the hole forming quality along the axial direction. Therefore, the symmetry degree of the functional relation relative to the vertical axis where the extreme value position is located is used for representing the hole forming circumference, and the hole forming quality is represented based on the derivative relation of the functional relation in the range containing the extreme value and the change rate of the derivative relation along the axial direction.
Thus, deviation data of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 on the detection section can be obtained based on the calculation of the characteristic thickness, the characteristic angle and the workpiece size, and the deviation data comprises radial deviations of a plurality of detection sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece 1 and the change rate of the radial deviations along the axial direction of the workpiece. Defining a deviation component of the radial deviation in the X axis as a first deviation, and defining a deviation component of the radial deviation in the Y axis as a second deviation, so that the first deviation and the second deviation can represent the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2; and defining the change rates of a plurality of sections of the first deviation and the second deviation in the machining direction as a third deviation and a fourth deviation respectively, so that the third deviation and the fourth deviation can represent the deviation development trend of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2.
In order to match with the dynamic advancing process of deep hole processing, the movement of the detection unit 4 in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the workpiece 1 is controlled by the traveling unit, so that the control unit 7 can control the detection unit 4 to measure the detection sections positioned at different axial positions of the workpiece 1 based on the traveling unit and obtain radial deviations of the positions of the different detection sections and the distribution situation of the radial deviations along the axial direction; the control unit 7 is in data connection with the detection unit 4 and the travelling unit 5, so that the control unit 7 can control the feed state of the drill unit 6 and the correction effort of the correction unit 9 based on the deviation data; the drilling tool unit 6 rotates relative to the workpiece 1 and axially processes and moves along the workpiece under the action of a motor; the correcting unit 9 is provided with a plurality of pressing mechanisms 10 along the axial direction of the workpiece, and the movement adjustment of the pressing mechanisms 10 along the axial direction is controlled by the moving structure, so that the pressing mechanisms 10 of the correcting unit 9 can adapt to the dynamic advancing process of deep hole machining.
Since the feeding speed of the feeding state of the drilling tool unit 6 has a key influence on the deviation development influence of the deep hole machining in the deep hole machining process, compared with the high feeding speed, the low feeding speed of the drilling tool unit 6 can not easily cause the shaking deflection of the drilling tool unit 6, especially when the deviation degree or deviation development trend of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 is obvious, the feeding speed is reduced to provide enough time for the intervention adjustment of the deviation correcting component, so that the positive effect of the deviation correcting component on reducing the deep hole machining deviation is larger than the negative effect caused by the deviation of the drilling tool unit 6, and the feeding speed of the drilling tool unit 6 can be configured as a function of the relative deviation degree and/or the deviation development trend.
In the deep hole machining process, the acting positions of the detection unit 4, the drilling tool unit 6 and the correction unit 9 on the workpiece 1 are respectively defined as a detection section, a machining section and a correction section, wherein the detection section is positioned at the upstream of the machining section, and the distance between the machining section and the detection section is defined as a detection distance; the correction section is positioned at the downstream of the processing section, and the distance between the processing section and the correction section is defined as the correction distance; considering the influence of the cutting action of the drilling tool unit 6 on the machining section and the drilling completion degree on deviation measurement, the detection section is selected to be upstream of the machining section by a detection distance, the size of the detection distance is adjusted according to the feeding state of the drilling tool unit 6, when the feeding speed of the drilling tool unit 6 is higher, the cutting action of the drilling tool end part and the workpiece 1 is stronger, so that the probability of deviation shaking of the drilling tool end part relative to the workpiece 1 is higher; when the feeding depth of the tool unit 6 is larger, the tool unit 6 causes the rigidity thereof to decrease based on the increase of the acting length, so that the probability of the tool unit 6 shifting is increased, therefore, the setting of the detection distance should be set according to the feeding state of the tool unit 6, so that the magnitude of the detection distance is positively correlated with the magnitude of the feeding depth and the feeding speed, respectively, for example, the detection distance is set in stages in different magnitude ranges according to the feeding speed and the feeding depth, so that the detection distance is adjusted in a first preset range, which may be a multiple range in units of processing parameters, so that the setting of the detection distance may also conform to the delay requirement of the control unit 7 for controlling the tool unit 6 and the correction unit 9 on the basis of weakening the influence of the processing action on the deviation data as much as possible, so that the setting of the detection distance can comprehensively consider the measurement error and the delay control to achieve the optimal state of the processing procedure.
The correction distance of the correction section relative to the detection section is influenced by the feed state of the drill unit 6 and the deviation data: when the feeding speed of the drilling tool unit 6 is faster, the correction distance of the correction section relative to the processing section should be prolonged to adapt to the change of the cutting distance of the drilling tool unit 6 relative to the workpiece 1 in unit time, so that the correction action of the correction section on the drilling tool unit 6 can keep proper action time; the first deviation to the second deviation of the deviation data represent the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 from the ideal hole site 2, so as to ensure the timeliness of the correction control, the correction distance is respectively in negative correlation with the absolute values of the first deviation and the second deviation, for example, the correction distance is configured as a negative correlation function of the square sum of the first deviation and the second deviation, so that the correction distance changes in a second preset range, and the second preset range can be a multiple range taking the machining parameters as a unit, so that the adjustment of the correction distance can control the local bending deformation of the actual hole site 3 along the axial direction while correcting the correction effectively.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the correction unit 9 includes a plurality of pressing mechanisms 10 arranged along the axial direction, the pressing mechanisms 10 control their movement in the axial direction by a moving mechanism 11 to adapt to the dynamic process of deep hole machining, the pressing mechanisms 10 are arranged along the axial direction of the workpiece and are centrosymmetric with respect to the central axis of the workpiece, so that the pressing surfaces of the pressing mechanisms 10 contacting different circumferential positions of the workpiece 1 can apply correction forces on the corresponding circumferential surfaces of the workpiece 1 respectively, so that elastic deformation for counteracting radial deviation is generated in the corresponding radial direction of the workpiece 1, thereby promoting the drilling tool unit 6 to return from the actual hole site 3 to the ideal hole site 2. Specifically, when the pressing surfaces of the pressing mechanism 10 are arranged at the correction section of the workpiece 1 and at 90 degree intervals on the surface of the workpiece, the directions of the correction forces of the pressing mechanism 10 for generating elastic deformation correspond to the X-axis and the Y-axis of the workpiece 1, so that the correction forces of the pressing mechanism 10 in the respective radial directions are determined from the deviation components of the radial deviations in the X-axis and the Y-axis and the rate of change of the deviation components in the axial direction, that is, the correction forces of the pressing mechanism 10 of the correction unit 9 in the X-axis and the Y-axis are determined from the first deviation to the fourth deviation in the deviation data. The pressing mechanism 10 can provide the work 1 with a corrective force of 90 degrees in the radial direction based on the pressing surfaces provided at intervals, so that the drill unit 6 deviated from the ideal hole site 2 can return to the design direction. Since the workpiece 1 is limited to the processing machine 8, the correction force applied by the correction unit 9 is used to form elastic deformation for counteracting radial deviation, and the pressing mechanism 10 which is arranged along the axial direction of the workpiece 1 and does not participate in correction can also be used as a limiting device of the workpiece 1 to assist the positioning action of the processing machine 8 on the workpiece 1 in consideration of the slender structural characteristics of the workpiece 1. Considering the first deviation and the second deviation in the deviation data, that is, the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 on the detection section relative to the ideal hole site 2, the correction acting force of the pressing mechanism 10 of the correction unit 9 on the workpiece 1 is applied to the correction section, the correction section is positioned at the downstream of the detection section, that is, the elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is based on the assumption that the deviation degree is equivalent or similar to the detection section and the correction section, the accuracy of predicting the deviation degree of the correction section by the deviation degree of the detection section has positive significance for the efficiency and the accuracy of the deviation correction control, and the deviation development trend of the radial deviation along the axial direction can be represented by considering the third deviation and the fourth deviation, and the deviation degree prediction data of the correction section can be obtained by the function operation of the first deviation to the fourth deviation.
The control unit 7 obtains the magnitude and direction of the correction acting force of the correction unit 9 in the X axis and the Y axis based on the deviation data of the detected cross section measured by the detection unit 4 and combining the physical parameters of the workpiece 1, so that the pressing mechanisms 10 acting on the corrected cross section can respectively call the pressing surfaces respectively arranged at the two sides of the X axis and the Y axis to apply the correction acting force along the radial direction of the workpiece, and the correction acting force can generate elastic deformation for counteracting the radial deviation of the corrected cross section to promote the machining direction to return to the design direction.
Since the correction unit 9 is provided with a plurality of pressing structures 10 in the axial machining direction of the workpiece 1, in order to ensure the accuracy of automatic correction, the correction unit 9 adopts at least a first pressing mechanism acting on the previous correction section of the workpiece 1 and a second pressing mechanism acting on the current correction section, respectively. Specifically, the automatic deviation correction may be set as: a first stage, in which a first pressing mechanism acting on a previous correction section and a second pressing mechanism acting on a current correction section respectively maintain stable correction acting forces, and the drilling tool unit 6 is started, so that the drilling tool unit 6 advances from the previous correction section to the current correction section; a second stage of suspending the drilling tool unit 6 when the drilling tool unit 6 travels to the current correction section, moving the second pressing mechanism to the next correction section, and moving the first pressing mechanism to the current correction section, the first pressing mechanism acting on the current correction section applying the same correction force as the second pressing mechanism in the first stage, and the second pressing mechanism acting on the next correction section applying the correction force adjusted by the control unit 7; and a third stage: redefining a previous correction section, a current correction section, and a next correction section in the machine direction so that the current correction section and the next correction section become updated previous correction section and current correction section, respectively, and then repeating the first stage to the third stage.
The drilling tool unit 6 is always subjected to the common deviation correcting action of the two groups of pressing mechanisms 10 in the process of processing and advancing, so that the two groups of pressing mechanisms 10 can automatically correct the deviation of deep hole processing in an alternating matching and moving mode of adjacent correction sections.
As shown in fig. 1, deviation data of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 on the detection section can be obtained based on the calculation of the feature thickness, the feature angle and the workpiece size. The method comprises the steps of defining the diameter of an outer circle of a workpiece 1 as D, the machining aperture as D, the distance between the center of an ideal hole site 2 and the axis of the workpiece as R, the characteristic angle of an actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 as theta, the characteristic thickness of the actual hole site 3 measured by an ultrasonic probe as b, the Y-axis direction offset as Ly and the X-axis direction offset as Lx. The specific manner of calculating the correction force acting on the correction section from the deviation data (first deviation to fourth deviation) of the detection section is as follows:
the radial deviation of the detection section is defined as A, namely the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 in the detection section, and the components of the radial deviation A on the X, Y axis are respectively a first deviation Ax and a second deviation Ay. And because the deviation development of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 has randomness, the deviation direction of the center of the actual hole site 3 relative to the center of the ideal hole site 2 also has randomness, so that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay can form positive and negative combinations distributed in four quadrants, the directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, and the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are positive or negative and represent that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay point to the positive and negative directions of an X axis and a Y axis respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, in the case where the detection unit 4 is arranged near the half circumference of the Y-axis forward direction (ideal hole site 2) of the workpiece 1:
first, when the detection unit 4 obtains the characteristic thickness based on the minimum value of the thickness data, the actual hole site 3 is located at the upper half of the workpiece near the positive half axis of the Y axis, and the magnitudes and directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are calculated as follows:
regarding the magnitudes of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
the component of the radial deviation a on the X-axis is the first deviation ax=lx= [ (D/2) -b ] ×sin θ; the component of the radial deviation a on the Y axis is the second deviation ay=ly= [ (D/2) -b ] ×cos θ -R; wherein, the absolute value range of the characteristic angle theta at the left side of the Y axis and the right side of the Y axis is 0 +.gtoreq.pi/2 respectively. That is, the first deviation Ax has a magnitude of |lx|, and the second deviation Ay has a magnitude of |ly|.
Regarding the direction of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
and defining the included angle between the radial deviation A and the X axis as alpha, wherein tan alpha= |Ly/|Lx|, and alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of the center of the ideal hole site 2 and the center of the actual hole site 3 of the detection section and the X axis, and the range of alpha is 0 +.alpha < pi/2, so that the direction of the radial deviation points to the center of the actual hole site 3 from the center of the ideal hole site 2. The directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, so that the fact that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are positive or negative represents that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay point to the positive and negative directions of the X axis and the Y axis respectively.
The positive and negative of the first deviation Ax are determined by the control unit 7 according to the assignment of the relative position relation of the characteristic angle measured by the detection unit 4 to the positive and negative position relation of the X axis, for example, when the characteristic angle measured by the detection unit 4 is positioned on the positive half axis of the X axis, the first deviation Ax is positive; when the detection unit 4 detects that the characteristic angle is located on the negative half axis of the X-axis, the first deviation Ax is negative.
The positive and negative of the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative of the Ly calculated value, and when the Ly calculated value is negative, the second deviation Ay is negative; when Ly is positive, the second deviation Ay is positive.
Second, when the detecting unit 4 obtains the characteristic thickness based on the maximum value of the thickness data, the actual hole site 3 is located at the lower half of the workpiece near the negative half axis of the Y axis, and the magnitudes and directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are calculated as follows:
regarding the magnitudes of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
the component of the radial deviation a on the X-axis is the first deviation ax=lx= [ b+ (D/2) - (D/2) ]; the component of the radial deviation a on the Y axis is the second deviation ay=ly= [ b+ (D/2) - (D/2) ], cos θ+r; the absolute value ranges of the characteristic angle θ on the left side and the right side of the Y axis are equal to or less than 0 +.gtoreq.pi/2, i.e., the first deviation Ax is equal to or less than |lx|, and the second deviation Ay is equal to or less than |ly|.
Regarding the direction of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay:
and defining the included angle between the radial deviation A and the X axis as alpha, wherein tan alpha= |Ly/|Lx|, and alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of the center of the ideal hole site 2 and the center of the actual hole site 3 of the detection section and the X axis, and the range of alpha is 0 +.alpha < pi/2, so that the direction of the radial deviation points to the center of the actual hole site 3 from the center of the ideal hole site 2. The directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are determined according to the positive and negative directions of the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay, so that the fact that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay are positive or negative represents that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay point to the positive and negative directions of the X axis and the Y axis respectively.
The positive and negative of the first deviation Ax are determined by the control unit 7 according to the assignment of the relative position relation of the characteristic angle measured by the detection unit 4 to the positive and negative position relation of the X axis, for example, when the actual hole site 3 is located in the third quadrant and the detection unit 4 is located in the first quadrant, the detection unit 4 measures that the characteristic angle is located in the positive half axis of the X axis, and then the first deviation Ax is negative; when the actual hole position 3 is positioned in the fourth quadrant and the detection unit 4 is positioned in the second quadrant, the detection unit 4 detects that the characteristic angle is positioned in the X-axis negative half axis, and then the first deviation Ax is positive; and the second deviation Ay is negative because the actual hole site 3 is close to the negative half axis of the Y axis.
Preferably, the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction is defined as B, namely the deviation development trend of the actual hole site 3 relative to the ideal hole site 2 in the detection section, the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction B can be obtained By calculating the deviation data of the previous detection section and the current detection section and combining the distance data of the adjacent detection sections, and the components of the change rate of the radial deviation along the axial direction B on the X, Y axis are the third deviation Bx and the fourth deviation By respectively.
The first deviation and the second deviation of the previous detection section are Axm and Aym, the first deviation and the second deviation of the current detection section are Axn and Ayn, and the distance between the previous detection section and the current detection section is Dmn; the third deviation bx= (Axn-Axm)/Dmn of the current detection section and the fourth deviation by= (Ayn-Aym)/Dmn of the current detection section.
Preferably, the deviation degree of the actual hole site 3 of the correction section from the ideal hole site 2 is defined as a predicted radial deviation C, the components of the predicted radial deviation C on the X, Y axis are Cx and Cy, respectively, and the detection distance and the correction distance are d1 and d2, respectively; the predicted radial deviation C of the corrected section is calculated from the parameters described above, i.e. cx=bx (d1+d2) +axn, cy=by (d1+d2) + Ayn. In the process of calculating the predicted radial deviation C from the first deviation to the fourth deviation, when the first deviation Axn/Axm and the second deviation Ayn/Aym are calculated according to the calculation rule of the radial deviation a (the first and second modes described above), the positive and negative values represent the directional relation between the first deviation Axn/Axm and the second deviation Ayn/Aym and the X and Y axes, respectively, so that the first deviation Axn/Axm and the second deviation Ayn/Aym are positive or negative, respectively, and represent that the first deviation Ax and the second deviation Ay point to the positive and negative directions of the X and Y axes, respectively. The magnitudes of the third deviation bx= (Axn-Axm)/Dmn and the fourth deviation by= (Ayn-Aym)/Dmn represent the magnitudes of the first deviation and the rate of change of the second deviation between the previous detection section and the current detection section, the positive and negative of the third deviation represent the positive or negative of the rate of change of the first deviation between the previous detection section and the current detection section, and the positive and negative of the fourth deviation represent the positive or negative of the rate of change of the second deviation between the previous detection section and the current detection section.
For example, when the current detection section and the actual hole position 3 of the current detection section are both located in the second quadrant under the XY coordinates, and the actual hole position 3 of the current detection section is closer to the ideal hole position 2, axn and Axm are both negative, and |axn| is smaller than | Axm | where the third deviation bx= (Axn-Axm)/Dmn is positive, i.e. the absolute value of the first deviation is decreasing, and the rate of change of the first deviation is positive; since (d1+d2) is positive, the calculated value of cx=bx (d1+d2) +axn may be positive or negative.
When |bx (d1+d2) | is smaller than |axn|, the predicted radial deviation Cx is negative, and |cx| is smaller than |axn|, the predicted radial deviation Cx calculated by the first deviation and the third deviation still faces the negative direction of the X-axis, that is, the predicted radial deviation indicates that the actual hole site 3 at the next correction section is still located in the second quadrant under the existing correction action state, but the actual hole site 3 at the detection section is closer to the ideal hole site 2, which indicates that the correction action force of the X-axis of the current correction section still cannot completely correct the machine direction to the design direction in time, the predicted radial deviation Cx is a negative value representing the correction action of the X-axis direction still pointing to the negative direction of the X-axis, and the action force acting on the next correction section facing the negative direction of the X-axis can cooperate with the action force of the current correction section facing the negative direction of the X-axis to finely control the machine direction of the current correction section to the next correction section processing section.
When |bx (d1+d2) | is greater than |axn|, the predicted radial deviation Cx is a positive value, which represents the positive direction of the predicted radial deviation Cx toward the X axis calculated by the first deviation and the third deviation, that is, the predicted radial deviation indicates that the actual hole site 3 at the next correction section is located in the first quadrant in the existing correction action state, the predicted radial deviation Cx is a positive value, which represents the correction acting force in the X axis direction pointing in the X axis positive direction, indicating that the acting force of the current correction section toward the negative direction of the X axis is large, so that excessive correction occurs, and then the acting force toward the positive direction of the X axis acting on the next correction section can finely control the processing direction from the current correction section to the processing section of the next correction section in cooperation with the acting force of the current correction section toward the negative direction of the X axis.
For the case that the actual hole positions 3 of the previous detection section and the current detection section are located in other quadrants or are separately located in two quadrants under the XY coordinates, the sizes and directions of the predicted radial deviations Cx and Cy can be determined according to the mode, so that the correction acting force of the next correction section obtained according to the predicted radial deviations can work together with the correction acting force of the current correction section to adjust the machining direction from the current correction section to the next correction section machining section. The magnitude of the predicted radial deviation of the corrected section is c= (Cx) 2 +Cy 2 ) 0.5 That is, the magnitudes of the components of the predicted radial deviation C in the X, Y axis are |cx| and |cy|, respectively, and the directions of the components of the predicted radial deviation C in the X, Y axis are determined by the positive and negative of the Cx and Cy calculated values such that the positive and negative of the Cx and Cy calculated values represent the deviation in the positive and negative directions along the X axis or the Y axis, respectively. And defining the included angle between the predicted radial deviation C and the X axis as beta, wherein tan beta= -Cy/-Cx, and beta is the included angle between the connecting line of the center of the actual hole site 3 and the center of the ideal hole site 2 obtained by the prediction calculation of the correction section and the X axis, so that the center of the ideal hole site 2 obtained by the prediction calculation of the correction section in the direction of the predicted radial deviation points to the center of the actual hole site 3, and the variation of beta relative alpha can reflect the development of the radial deviation degree along the machining direction and the variation of the deviation development trend.
Preferably, considering the case where the pressing surfaces of the pressing mechanism 10 are arranged at 90-degree intervals in the corrected cross section of the workpiece 1 and aligned with the X, Y axis, the force correction force Fx in the radial direction of the workpiece of the pressing surface on the X axis is used to cancel the component Cx in the X axis of the predicted radial deviation C, and the force correction force Fy in the radial direction of the workpiece of the pressing surface on the Y axis is used to cancel the component Cy in the Y axis of the predicted radial deviation C;
Regarding the magnitude of the correction forces F and Fx and Fy:
the correction force F of the pressing mechanism 10 at the correction section is synthesized by Fx and Fy such that the magnitude of the correction force is f= (Fx 2 +Fy 2 ) 0.5 And the included angle between the correction acting force and the X axis is calculated by Fx and Fy.
Specifically, considering the predicted radial deviation C and the physical parameters of the workpiece 1, the correction force F has an X-axis component of fx=s1×s2×cx; the correction force F has a Y-axis component of fy=s1×s2×cy; s1 is the ratio of acting force to deformation determined by the material of the workpiece, namely the elastic modulus of the workpiece 1; s2 is a set coefficient greater than 1, so that the elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is greater than the radial deviation.
That is, fx has a magnitude of S1 x S2 x, fy has a magnitude of S1 x S2 x Cy, and correction force F has a magnitude of (Fx 2 +Fy 2 ) 0.5 。
Regarding the direction of the correction forces F and Fx and Fy:
fx=s1×s2×cx, fy=s1×s2×cy, and since Cx and Cy in the predicted radial deviation have positive and negative directions, which may represent the deviation directions of the predicted radial deviation relative to the positive and negative directions of the X, Y axis, the positive and negative directions of Fx and Fy represent the relationship between the positive and negative directions of the Fx and Fy relative to the X, Y axis.
The correction acting forces applied by the pressing mechanism on the X axis and the Y axis along the radial direction of the workpiece are Fx and Fy respectively, the directions of the correction acting forces Fx and Fy are determined by the positive and negative directions of Fx and Fy, for example, when Fx is positive, the correction acting force Fx is acting force towards the positive direction of the X axis, and the correction acting force along the positive direction of the X axis is applied by the pressing surface of the pressing mechanism arranged in the negative direction of the X axis; when Fx is negative, the correction force Fx is a force directed in the negative direction of the X-axis, and a correction force directed in the negative direction of the X-axis is applied by the pressing surface of the pressing mechanism arranged in the positive direction of the X-axis. When Fy is positive, the correction acting force Fy is acting force towards the positive direction of the Y axis, and the positive correction acting force along the Y axis is applied by a pressing surface of a pressing mechanism arranged in the negative direction of the Y axis; when Fy is negative, the correction force Fy is a force directed in the negative direction of the Y axis, and the correction force directed in the negative direction of the X axis is applied by the pressing surface of the pressing mechanism arranged in the positive direction of the Y axis. The pressing mechanism 10 can invoke the pressing surfaces located in the X-axis and the Y-axis to generate the correction forces Fx and Fy along the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively, to generate elastic deformations that counteract the predicted radial deviations Cx, cy, respectively.
Defining the included angle between the acting direction of the correction acting force F and the X axis as phi, then tan phi= |fy|/|fx|= |s 1X S2X Cy/|s 1X S2X cx|= |cy/|cx|=tan β, so that the direction of the correction acting force F is the same as the direction of the predicted radial deviation C, and the center of the ideal hole site 2 obtained by the prediction calculation of the correction section points to the center of the actual hole site 3, thereby promoting the machining direction to return to the design direction.
Since the correction acting force applied by the correction unit on the correction section is obtained based on the predicted radial deviation data of the correction section, and the predicted radial deviation data is obtained by calculating the first deviation to the fourth deviation of the current detection section, the change of the actual acting angle phi of the correction acting force relative to alpha considers the change development trend from the detection section to the correction section, so that the acting direction of the correction acting applied on the correction section can be adaptively adjusted according to the deviation development trend represented by the third deviation and the fourth deviation, namely, the direction of the correction acting force applied by the correction unit on the correction section can be more matched with the deviation direction of the actual hole position of the correction section relative to the ideal hole position, and the automatic correction of the correction unit can be more accurate and effective based on the adjustment.
Preferably, the component of the correction force F in the X axis is fx=s1×s2×s3×cx, taking into account the predicted radial deviation C, the physical parameter of the workpiece 1 and the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction; the component of the correction force F on the Y axis is fy=s1×s2×s4×cy; s1 is the ratio of acting force to deformation determined by the material of the workpiece, namely the elastic modulus of the workpiece 1; s2 is a set coefficient larger than 1, so that the elastic deformation generated by the correction acting force is larger than the radial deviation; s3 and S4 are positive numbers close to 1, S3 and S4 are adjustment coefficients related to components Bx and By of a radial deviation along an axial direction change rate B at X, Y axis, namely S3 and S4 are adjustment coefficients related to deviation development trend, S3 and S4 can finely adjust correction acting forces Fx and Fy based on the magnitude and positive and negative of the radial deviation along the axial direction change rate Bx and By to ensure the rationality of the correction acting forces, when S3 and S4 are negative, the correction acting forces Fx and Fy applied to a correction section are reduced to avoid excessive correction force, otherwise, when the deviation development trend B is positive, S3 and S4 are positive, the correction acting forces Fx and Fy applied to the correction section are increased to improve correction efficiency, and at the moment, the direction of the correction acting force F is inconsistent with the direction of a predicted radial deviation C, namely phi and beta are respectively adjusted to be different due to the magnitude and positive and negative of the radial deviation B3 and S4, and the difference represents that the correction acting forces Fx and Fy are automatically adjusted according to the deviation on an X axis or Y axis (namely the deviation Bx and By to improve the correction efficiency) to carry out fine correction unit.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and that a person skilled in the art, in light of the present disclosure, may devise various solutions that fall within the scope of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present description and drawings are illustrative and not limiting to the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A deep hole processing method, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
the control unit (7) obtains deviation data of an actual hole position (3) of the workpiece (1) relative to an ideal hole position (2) based on a detection unit (4) capable of moving circumferentially and/or axially relative to the workpiece (1), wherein the deviation data comprises radial deviations of a plurality of detection sections distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece (1) and the change rate of the radial deviations along the axial direction of the workpiece (1);
the control unit (7) controls the feeding state of the drilling tool unit (6) and/or the correction acting force of the correction unit (9) based on the deviation data, so that the detection unit (4) and the correction unit (9) can respectively act on the cross section of the workpiece (1) at the downstream of the drilling tool unit (6) in the machining direction to coordinate with the dynamic feeding of the drilling tool unit (6) and the automatic correction of the correction unit (9);
Wherein the correction unit (9) radially applies a correction force for generating elastic deformation for counteracting the radial deviation to the workpiece (1) in such a manner that correction action positions are arranged at intervals around the circumferential surface of the workpiece (1).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the correction unit (9) is provided with a number of pressing means (10) arranged axially along the workpiece (1), which pressing means (10) are controlled by means of moving means (11) to move in an axially independent manner to each other to adapt to the dynamic course of the deep hole machining;
wherein the pressing mechanisms (10) are respectively provided with pressing surfaces capable of contacting different circumferential positions of the workpiece section, so that the pressing surfaces are arranged around the axis of the workpiece section and apply correction force along the radial direction of the workpiece section.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece sections that the detection unit (4), the tool unit (6) and the correction unit (9) act on the workpiece (1) are a detection section, a machining section and a correction section, respectively, which are all perpendicular to the workpiece axial direction, wherein the detection section, the machining section and the correction section are arranged in a manner upstream to downstream from the machining direction.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the detection distance between the detection section and the machining section is set in accordance with the feed state of the tool unit (6), the feed state of the tool unit (6) comprising at least a feed speed and a feed depth, such that the magnitude of the detection distance is positively correlated with the magnitude of the feed depth and the feed speed, respectively.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the correction distance between the correction section and the machining section is set in accordance with the feed speed of the drill unit (6) and the radial deviation of the deviation data such that the correction distance is positively correlated with the feed speed and negatively correlated with the absolute value of the radial deviation.
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit (7) obtains a predicted radial deviation of the corrected section based on the radial deviation of the detected section and the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction in combination with a computational analysis of the detected distance and the corrected distance, so that the predicted radial deviation can be used as input data for automatic correction by the correction unit (9).
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the control unit (7) obtains the correction force applied to the correction section on the basis of the predicted radial deviation of the correction section and the rate of change of the radial deviation of the detection section in the axial direction in combination with a computational analysis of the workpiece parameters.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the deviation data are obtained from a characteristic thickness of the actual hole site (3) with respect to the surface of the workpiece (1) and a characteristic angle of the actual hole site (3) with respect to the ideal hole site (2) in combination with workpiece parameters;
the characteristic thickness refers to the extreme value of the distance between the actual hole site (3) and the outer surface of the workpiece (1), and the characteristic angle refers to the deviation angle of the actual hole site (3) relative to the ideal hole site (2).
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the feed speed of the drill unit (6) in the working section is configured as a function of the radial deviation and/or the rate of change of the radial deviation in the axial direction.
10. Deep hole machining device, characterized in that it performs a deep hole machining operation on a workpiece (1) based on the method of one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, the device comprising: the device comprises a detection unit (4) for obtaining deviation data of an actual hole position (3) of the workpiece (1) relative to an ideal hole position (2), a correction unit (9) for controlling the application of correction force along the radial direction of the workpiece (1) based on the deviation data, and a control unit (7) respectively connected with the detection unit (4) and the correction unit (9).
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