CN115673029A - Non-contact detection method for straightness of steel structure profile straightening process - Google Patents
Non-contact detection method for straightness of steel structure profile straightening process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-contact detection method for straightness of a steel structural section in a straightening process, which comprises a non-contact detection device, and the detection method comprises the following steps: s1, measuring the surface size of the steel structure section in the length direction before straightening; s2, determining a measuring point of a mobile laser displacement sensor in a laser sensor positioning assembly in a measuring process; s3, surface measurement of positions close to the bottom and the top in the height direction of the section is achieved through the movable laser displacement sensor and the fixed laser displacement sensor; s4, judging the straightness and the verticality of the steel structure section through the data obtained by measurement in S1-S3; s5, adjusting working parameters of the straightening press according to the judgment data obtained by the straightening press in the step S4, and carrying out pressure straightening operation on the steel structural section; s6, rechecking straightness accuracy parameters of the straightened steel structural section; the invention realizes the automation of the detection and the straightening of the straightening process of the steel structural section and improves the detection efficiency and the product quality of the straightening process of the steel structural section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure production and processing equipment and technology, in particular to a non-contact detection method for straightness of a steel structure section straightening process.
Background
As one of main building structure types in modern industry, a steel structure building mainly comprises section steel, steel plates and the like in various types, and is widely applied to the fields of venues, large-scale factory buildings, super high-rise buildings and the like due to simple construction and light self weight. Therefore, the quality of the size and shape of the steel profile before the assembly of the structure will directly determine the construction safety of the steel structure building.
The long materials with different cross-sectional shapes are important materials of steel structure buildings, the residual stress change caused by temperature change exists in the processes of earlier processing and heat treatment, the original geometric information such as straightness of the steel structure can be changed, and meanwhile, the steel structure long materials can generate bending deformation with various degrees due to inevitable collision in the processes of transportation, storage and the like. When the geometric deformation size exceeds a certain range, the next step of processing and manufacturing of products cannot be completed, and scrapping is caused, so that great economic loss is caused to enterprises. Therefore, the implementation of means such as straightening of the steel structural section is an important step before the machining of the steel structural component. At present, the straightening of domestic long steel structure sections mainly comprises two parts, namely detection before and after straightening and press bending, wherein the detection before and after straightening is mainly used for detecting the straightness of the steel structure sections, in the current stage, manual bracing wires and visual inspection methods are mainly adopted for detecting the straightness of the steel structure, after the detected data are obtained, construction workers set pressure parameters of a pressure straightening machine according to experience, a press bending process is carried out on the sections with unqualified straightness measurement, and when the press bending amount is equal to the elastic restoring amount, the bending part of a workpiece is straightened after a pressure head withdraws.
The above-mentioned traditional steel structural section straightening process exposes various problems in the implementation process. Firstly, when the straightness of the steel structure is detected by a manual wire drawing and visual inspection method, due to the observation angle, the fatigue state of an observer, the light and heat of a production workshop and the like can influence the visual inspection mode, so that great errors exist, the subsequent production is seriously influenced, and the product yield is reduced. Secondly, with the continuous expansion of the application market of the steel structure section, the manual completion of the steel structure straightness detection seriously restricts the production efficiency. Finally, in the press bending process of the press, due to the fact that manually measured straightness data information is not accurate enough, the bending amount set according to experience is difficult to accurately match the repair amount of the workpiece, repeated measurement and bending processes are needed, and the straightening efficiency of the steel structural section is further limited. In order to solve the problems, a straightness non-contact detection device and method in the straightening process of the steel structural section are needed to be designed so as to achieve the purpose of improving the detection efficiency and the product quality in the straightening process of the steel structural section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-contact detection method for straightness in a straightening process of a steel structural section, which realizes automation of detection and straightening in the straightening process of the steel structural section and improves detection efficiency and product quality of the straightening process of the steel structural section.
The specific scheme of the invention is as follows: a non-contact detection method for straightness of a steel structure section straightening process comprises a non-contact detection device, wherein the non-contact detection device comprises a straightening press, section transmission mechanisms arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the straightening press, two sets of laser sensor positioning assemblies arranged on the side portions of the advancing routes of the section transmission mechanisms arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the straightening press, an industrial personal computer, a PLC (programmable logic controller) system, a data converter, a data communication line, a storage system and a power supply system, wherein each laser sensor positioning assembly comprises a fixed mounting base, a fixed laser displacement sensor, a movable laser displacement sensor, a ball screw, a servo motor and a coupler, the movable laser displacement sensor is driven by the ball screw to move up and down, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the surface size of the steel structure section bar in the length direction before straightening: the steel structural section is conveyed along a section conveying mechanism at the inlet side of the straightening press, and in the advancing process, the laser sensor positioning assembly and the steel structural section generate relative motion to realize the measurement of the surface size of the whole section in the length direction;
s2, determining a measuring point of the movable laser displacement sensor in the laser sensor positioning assembly in the measuring process, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) When the detection is started, the mobile laser displacement sensor is reset to zero and is positioned at the lowest end position of the ball screw;
b) A mobile laser displacement sensor in the laser sensor positioning assembly starts to send a measuring signal and receives a reflected signal, meanwhile, a servo motor drives a ball screw to rotate at a low rotating speed to drive the mobile laser displacement sensor to move upwards, the measuring data are collected through a data line and a PLC and further transmitted to an industrial personal computer for processing, and the industrial personal computer judges the data;
c) When several adjacent groups of data do not change, the rotating speed of the servo motor is still kept unchanged, and the movable laser displacement sensor is driven to move upwards;
d) When several adjacent groups of data are changed violently, the mobile laser displacement sensor is shown to move to the upper end of the section bar and exceed the height range, at the moment, an instruction is sent to the PLC through the industrial personal computer, the servo motor is controlled to stop firstly, the servo motor is controlled to rotate reversely again, the mobile laser displacement sensor is driven to move downwards for a small distance, the moving distance is determined according to a detected displacement signal, namely when the displacement measurement data of the mobile laser displacement sensor is similar to the data which hardly changes before, the servo motor is ensured to stop when the measurement point of the mobile laser displacement sensor is outside the steel structure chamfer angle or fillet size, and the position is determined to be the displacement measurement point of the mobile laser displacement sensor;
s3, surface measurement close to the bottom and the top in the height direction of the section is achieved through the movable laser displacement sensor and the fixed laser displacement sensor;
s4, judging the straightness and the verticality of the steel structural section through the data obtained through measurement in S1-S3, and setting the straightening working parameters of the straightening press according to the judgment, wherein the judgment comprises the following specific steps:
a) Determining the length parameter L and the straightness accuracy error requirement delta of the steel structure section 0 Accuracy error requirement of verticality 0 Meanwhile, the number of the displacement measurement values within the range of the stroke L is determined to be n according to the measurement precision requirement;
b) A mobile laser displacement sensor and a fixed laser displacement sensor in the measuring system simultaneously carry out measuring work;
c) The corresponding displacement data measured by the mobile laser displacement sensor is U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n The corresponding displacement data measured by the fixed laser displacement sensor is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n ；
d) After the measurement data are obtained by the PLC and transmitted to an upper industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer carries out processing on the data, judges the verticality, and matches the conveying speed of the pressure straightener with the conveying speed of the section bar transmission mechanism to carry out straightening work in the height direction of the section bar in a targeted manner according to the condition that the verticality needs to be processed by the pressure straightener after the judgment;
e) After the measurement data are obtained through the PLC and transmitted to an upper industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer carries out processing on the data, judges the straightness, and sets the straightening force of a corresponding position for the section bar needing straightness straightening after the judgment;
s5, adjusting working parameters of the straightening press according to the judgment data obtained by the straightening press in the step S4, starting the straightening press to operate, and carrying out pressure straightening operation on the steel structural section;
s6, rechecking the straightness parameters of the straightened steel structural section, wherein the rechecking is implemented through a laser sensor positioning assembly on the outlet side of the straightening press, the rechecking step is carried out according to the steps S1 to S4, and if the straightening is unqualified in the detection result, an instruction is sent to a conveying system through an industrial personal computer to convey the unqualified steel structural section to the inlet side of the straightening press again for conveying and straightening.
Furthermore, one of the two sets of laser sensor positioning assemblies is arranged at the inlet side of the straightening press, the other set of laser sensor positioning assembly is arranged at the outlet side of the straightening press, and the section bar transmission mechanism consists of a conveyor belt or a conveyor roller.
Furthermore, the laser sensor positioning assembly comprises a fixed mounting base, a fixed laser displacement sensor, a movable laser displacement sensor, a ball screw, a servo motor and a coupler, wherein the fixed mounting base is arranged on the side part of the profile transmission mechanism, the ball screw is vertically arranged on the fixed mounting base, the servo motor is arranged at the top of the fixed mounting base and is in transmission connection with the ball screw through the coupler, the fixed laser displacement sensor is arranged on one side close to the lower part of the fixed mounting base, and the movable laser displacement sensor is arranged on the ball screw through a ball screw nut seat and moves up and down under the driving of the ball screw; the movable laser displacement sensor is positioned right above the fixed laser displacement sensor.
Further, in the present invention, the industrial control machine performs processing on the data in step S4, and the specific method for determining the perpendicularity is as follows:
i) Respectively calculate the data as U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n And data is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n Difference C of the same subscript 1 =U 1 -D 1 ，C 2 =U 2 -D 2 ，…… C n =U n -D n Obtaining the vertical direction error C of n measuring points 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n ；
ii) adding C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value and verticality precision error requirement alpha 0 Comparison, if C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n All absolute values are less than alpha 0 If so, indicating that the section verticality meets the requirement, and performing verticality straightening treatment without using a press;
iii) If C is present 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 If the condition (C) indicates that the verticality of the section bar does not meet the requirement, a press machine is required to be used for verticality straightening treatment, and the step C is carried out 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 Recording the point positions;
iv) for verticality requirementsThe straightening press is matched with the conveying speed of the section bar conveying mechanism to record C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 The straightening work of the sectional material in the height direction is carried out in a pertinence mode in the areas before and after the point location, and the specific mode is as follows: if the data C of the corresponding point location n If the sign is larger than zero, the straightening press applies force pointing to the installation direction of the sensor on the upper section of the corresponding position of the section, and if the data C of the corresponding point position n If the sign is less than zero, the straightening press applies a force pointing to the direction opposite to the installation direction of the sensor on the upper section of the corresponding position of the section bar, and the magnitude of the force is according to C n Absolute value and alpha 0 And determining the size of the difference.
Further, in the present invention, the industrial control machine performs processing on the data in step S4, and the method for judging the linearity specifically includes:
i) Respectively calculate the data as U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n And data is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n Average value of the same subscript A 1 =(U 1 +D 1 )/2，A 2 =(U 2 +D 2 )/2，…… A n =(U n +D n ) 2, obtaining the average value data A of the displacement measurement at n measurement points 1 ，A 2 ，…… A n ；
ii) finding A 1 ，A 2 ，A 3 ……A n Maximum value A in the series of data max And minimum value A min Calculating the absolute value of the difference between the two 1 ；
iii) By dividing Δ 1 Straightness standard delta usable with known counter-profiles 0 Performing size comparison judgment, if delta 1 Is smaller than delta 0 The straightness of the current section is qualified; if Δ 1 Greater than delta 0 When the straightness of the current section is unqualified, pressure straightening is needed;
iv) for the section bar needing straightness straightening, firstly, defining the reference distance from the measured surface of the steel structure section bar to the sensor as A 0 Is divided intoData A obtained by respectively completing measurement 1 ，A 2 ，A 2 , …… A n From a reference distance A 0 Difference value delta of 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n ；
v) by plotting the corresponding coordinate curves and delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n Is determined by the sign of (a) if 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n The sign is negative or the numerical value is positioned below the coordinate point position, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section to the side close to the laser sensor at the point position, and if delta is positioned, the steel structural section is straightened by the straightening press 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n If the sign is positive or the numerical value is positioned above the coordinate point, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section at the point to the other side close to the laser sensor, and the setting of the straightening force at the corresponding position can be based on delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n The absolute value is automatically adjusted.
By designing the straightness non-contact detection method for the straightening process of the steel structural section, the automatic implementation of the straightening process and the detection of the straightening process of the steel structural section is well realized, the detection efficiency of the straightening process of the steel structural section is improved, and the product quality of the steel structural section is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a non-contact detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser sensor positioning assembly according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a straightness deviation coordinate graph in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-I-steel section bar, 11-preliminary examination section bar, 12-recheck section bar, 2-straightening press, 4-laser sensor positioning component, 41-servo motor, 42-shaft coupling, 43-rolling screw rod, 44-fixed mounting base, 45-ball screw rod nut base, 461-movable laser displacement sensor, 462-fixed laser displacement sensor, 463-movable laser displacement sensor at initial position, 47-mounting base, 5-rack and 6-section bar transmission mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention is a schematic structural view of a non-contact detection device and a laser sensor positioning assembly; wherein the non-contact detection device comprises: the primary detection section bar 11, the secondary detection section bar 12, the straightening press machine 2, the laser sensor positioning component 4, the rack 5, the section bar transmission mechanism 6 and a control part which is not marked on the figure comprise an industrial personal computer, a PLC system, a data converter, a data communication line, a storage system and a power supply system.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a laser sensor positioning assembly, which is a key component in the present invention, and comprises: the device comprises a fixed mounting base 44, a fixed laser displacement sensor 462 and a mounting base 47 thereof, a movable laser displacement sensor 461, a ball screw nut base 45, a ball screw 43, a servo motor 41, a coupler 42, a movable laser displacement sensor 463 at a starting position, an I-shaped steel section bar 1 and a section bar transmission mechanism 6.
The following description will be made with reference to an i-section in fig. 2 as a specific embodiment.
The laser sensor positioning assembly 4 is arranged at an intermediate position in the process of conveying the initial profile 11 by the profile conveying mechanism 6, as shown in fig. 1. In the process of conveying the primary detection section bar 11, the laser sensor positioning assembly 4 and the rack 51 in the section bar conveying mechanism are kept in a static state, and the primary detection section bar 11 is kept in a moving state towards the straightening press machine 2, so that in the process, the laser sensor positioning assembly 4 and the primary detection section bar 11 form relative movement, and the laser displacement sensor 462 is fixed to complete the surface size measurement of the whole I-shaped steel primary detection section bar 11 in the length direction.
The movable laser displacement sensor 461 and the ball screw nut seat 45 move up and down along the ball screw 43, and the adjustment of the measuring point of the movable laser displacement sensor 461 can be realized aiming at the size of the I-shaped steel section bar in the process of measuring the straightness and the verticality of the straightening process, and the specific process is as follows:
a) When the detection starts, the mobile laser displacement sensor 461 is reset to zero and is located at the lowest end position of the ball screw 43, such as the mobile laser displacement sensor 463 located at the initial position and formed by the dashed line in fig. 2;
b) The position of the measuring point of the mobile laser displacement sensor 463 which is at the initial position is adjusted, the mobile laser displacement sensor sends out a signal for measuring and receiving the reflected signal, meanwhile, the servo motor 41 drives the ball screw 43 to rotate at a lower rotating speed, and the ball screw nut seat 45 arranged on the ball screw 43 drives the mobile laser displacement sensor to move upwards. The data line and the PLC system are used for collecting the measured data and further transmitting the measured data to the industrial personal computer for processing, and the industrial personal computer judges the data;
c) When several adjacent groups of data do not change, the rotating speed of the servo motor 41 is still kept unchanged, and the mobile laser displacement sensor is driven to continuously move upwards;
d) When several adjacent groups of data are changed violently, it is indicated that the mobile laser displacement sensor has moved to the upper end of the section bar and exceeds the size of the middle part of the I-shaped steel section bar, at this time, an instruction is sent to the PLC system through the industrial personal computer, the servo motor 41 is controlled to stop at first, the servo motor 41 is controlled to rotate reversely again, the mobile laser displacement sensor is driven to move downwards for a short distance, the moving distance is determined according to a detected displacement signal, namely when the displacement measurement data of the mobile laser displacement sensor is close to the data which hardly change before, the measurement point of the mobile laser displacement measurement sensor at this time is ensured to be outside the size of a steel structure chamfer or a fillet, the servo motor stops, and the displacement measurement point of the mobile laser displacement sensor, namely the position of the mobile laser displacement sensor 461 in fig. 2, is determined.
In the process, the industrial control machine carries out processing on the data, and the specific method for judging the verticality comprises the following steps:
i) Respectively calculate the data as U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n And data is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n Difference C of the same subscript 1 =U 1 -D 1 ，C 2 =U 2 -D 2 ，…… C n =U n -D n Obtaining the vertical direction error C of n measuring points 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n ；
ii) adding C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value and verticality precision error requirement alpha 0 By comparison, if C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n All absolute values are less than alpha 0 If so, the section verticality meets the requirement, and a press machine is not needed for verticality straightening treatment;
iii) If C is present 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 If the condition (C) indicates that the verticality of the section bar does not meet the requirement, a press machine is required to be used for verticality straightening treatment, and the step C is carried out 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 The point location of the data is recorded;
iv) aiming at the condition that the verticality needs to be processed by the straightening press, the conveying speed of the straightening press is matched with the conveying speed of the section bar conveying mechanism, and the recorded C is obtained 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 The straightening work of the section bar in the height direction is carried out in a pertinence mode in the areas before and after the point location, and the specific mode is as follows: if the data C of the corresponding point location n If the sign is larger than zero, the straightening press applies force pointing to the installation direction of the sensor on the upper section of the corresponding position of the section, and if the data C of the corresponding point position n If the sign is less than zero, the straightening press applies a force pointing to the direction opposite to the installation direction of the sensor on the upper section of the corresponding position of the section bar, and the magnitude of the force is according to C n Absolute value and alpha 0 And determining the size of the difference.
The industrial personal computer carries out processing on the data, and the method for judging the linearity specifically comprises the following steps:
i) Respectively calculate the data as U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n And data is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n Average value of the same subscript A 1 =(U 1 +D 1 )/2，A 2 =(U 2 +D 2 )/2，…… A n =(U n +D n ) 2, obtaining the average value data A of the displacement measurement at n measurement points 1 ，A 2 ，…… A n 。
ii) finding A 1 ，A 2 ，A 3 ……A n Maximum value A in series data max And minimum value A min Calculating the absolute value of the difference between the two 1 ；
iii) By mixing of 1 Straightness standard delta usable with known counter-profiles 0 Performing size comparison judgment, if delta 1 Less than delta 0 The straightness of the current section is qualified; if Δ 1 Greater than delta 0 When the straightness of the current section is unqualified, pressure straightening is needed;
iv) for the section bar needing straightness straightening, firstly, defining the reference distance from the measured surface of the steel structure section bar to the sensor as A 0 Respectively completing the data A obtained by measurement through the industrial personal computer 1 ，A 2 ，A 2 , …… A n Distance A from the reference 0 Difference value delta of 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n ；
v) by plotting the corresponding coordinate curves and delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n Is determined by the sign of (a) if 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n The sign is negative or the numerical value is positioned below the coordinate point position, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section to the side close to the laser sensor at the point position, and if delta is positioned, the steel structural section is straightened by the straightening press 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n If the sign is positive or the numerical value is positioned above the coordinate point, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section at the point to the other side close to the laser sensor, and the setting of the straightening force at the corresponding position can be based on delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n The absolute value is automatically adjusted.
The surface data measurement of the i-section steel is started below.
The length of the measured I-shaped steel section is 8m, the height of the measured I-shaped steel section is 100mm, the straightness accuracy error is required to be +/-3 mm/10m, and the straightness accuracy error delta of the measurement is determined 0 =2.4mm, and the verticality precision error is within 89.5 degrees, the verticality precision error alpha is determined at this time 0 =0.87mm, and the number of displacement measurement values within the range of 8m is determined to be 9 according to the measurement precision requirement, and the distance from the laser measurement sensor to the surface of the profile is A 0 =450mm。
Example 1
Assume that the resulting data measured by the sensors is:
the resulting data measured by the following sensors are:
carrying out the calculation of the verticality to obtain
By mixing C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C 9 Absolute sum of alpha 0 The comparison of =0.87mm shows that the diameters are all less than alpha 0 The perpendicularity of example 1 meets the requirements.
Calculating the degree of straightness of spread to obtain
Wherein A is max = A 5 =451.5mm, minimum value a min = A 9 =449.85mm, difference Δ 1 =1.65mm<δ 0 The straightness of example 1 also meets the requirements.
Example 2
Assume that the resulting data measured by the sensors is:
the resulting data measured by the following sensors are:
carrying out verticality calculation to obtain
By mixing C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C 9 Absolute and alpha 0 =0.87mm comparison found, C 1 Is treated with C 6 Is greater than alpha in absolute value 0 Example 2 the verticality did not meet the requirements and required straightening treatment.
Data C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C 9 Transmitting to a straightening press, and judging to obtain the initial C 1 The corresponding section position segment applies a force opposite to the direction of the installation position of the laser sensor to the upper area of the I-shaped steel section; it is known that in the initial C 6 And the corresponding section position section applies force in the same direction as the installation position of the laser sensor to the upper area of the I-shaped steel section.
Carrying out linearity calculation to obtain
Wherein A is max = A 5 =451.5mm, minimum value a min = A 1 =448.65mm, difference Δ 1 =2.85mm>δ 0 In example 2, the straightness does not satisfy the requirement, and the straightness straightening is required.
Calculating the straightness deviation A 1 ，A 2 ，…… A 9 And A 0 Is obtained by a difference of
The resulting coordinate curve is plotted as shown in FIG. 3, where δ 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 9 The sign is negative or the numerical value is positioned below the coordinate point position, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section to the side close to the laser sensor at the point position, and if delta is positioned, the steel structural section is straightened by the straightening press 3 ，δ 4 ，δ 5 , δ 6 ,δ 7 ,δ 8 If the sign is positive or the numerical value is located above the coordinate point, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section to the other side close to the laser sensor at the point. The setting of the straightening force at the corresponding position may be based on delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 2 , …… δ 9 The absolute value is automatically adjusted.
Claims (5)
1. A non-contact detection method for straightness of a steel structure section straightening process comprises a non-contact detection device, wherein the non-contact detection device comprises a straightening press, section transmission mechanisms arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the straightening press, two sets of laser sensor positioning assemblies arranged on the side portions of the advancing routes of the section transmission mechanisms arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the straightening press, an industrial personal computer, a PLC (programmable logic controller) system, a data converter, a data communication line, a storage system and a power supply system, wherein each laser sensor positioning assembly comprises a fixed mounting base, a fixed laser displacement sensor, a movable laser displacement sensor, a ball screw, a servo motor and a coupler, and the movable laser displacement sensor is driven by the ball screw to move up and down, and the detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the surface size of the steel structure section in the length direction before straightening: the steel structural section is conveyed along a section conveying mechanism at the inlet side of the straightening press, and in the advancing process, the laser sensor positioning assembly and the steel structural section generate relative motion to realize the surface size measurement of the whole section in the length direction;
s2, determining a measuring point of a mobile laser displacement sensor in the laser sensor positioning assembly in the measuring process, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) When the detection is started, the laser displacement sensor is moved to zero and is positioned at the lowest end position of the ball screw;
b) A mobile laser displacement sensor in the laser sensor positioning assembly starts to send out a measuring signal and receives a reflected signal, meanwhile, a servo motor drives a ball screw to rotate at a low rotating speed to drive the mobile laser displacement sensor to move upwards, the measuring data are collected through a data line and a PLC and further transmitted to an industrial personal computer for processing, and the industrial personal computer judges the data;
c) When several adjacent groups of data do not change, the rotating speed of the servo motor is still kept unchanged, and the movable laser displacement sensor is driven to move upwards;
d) When several adjacent groups of data are changed violently, the mobile laser displacement sensor is shown to move to the upper end of the section bar and exceed the height range, at the moment, an instruction is sent to the PLC through the industrial personal computer, the servo motor is controlled to stop firstly, the servo motor is controlled to rotate reversely again, the mobile laser displacement sensor is driven to move downwards for a small distance, the moving distance is determined according to a detected displacement signal, namely when the displacement measurement data of the mobile laser displacement sensor is similar to the data which hardly changes before, the servo motor is ensured to stop when the measurement point of the mobile laser displacement sensor is outside the steel structure chamfer angle or fillet size, and the position is determined to be the displacement measurement point of the mobile laser displacement sensor;
s3, surface measurement close to the bottom and the top in the height direction of the section is achieved through the movable laser displacement sensor and the fixed laser displacement sensor;
s4, judging the straightness and the verticality of the steel structural section through the data obtained through measurement in S1-S3, and setting the straightening working parameters of the straightening press according to the judgment, wherein the judgment comprises the following specific steps:
a) Determining the length parameter L and the straightness accuracy error requirement delta of the steel structure section 0 Accuracy error requirement of verticality 0 And simultaneously determining the number of displacement measurement values in the range of the stroke L according to the measurement precision requirementIs n;
b) A mobile laser displacement sensor and a fixed laser displacement sensor in the measuring system simultaneously carry out measuring work;
c) The corresponding displacement data measured by the mobile laser displacement sensor is U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n The corresponding displacement data measured by the fixed laser displacement sensor is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n ；
d) After the measurement data are obtained by the PLC and transmitted to an upper industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer carries out processing on the data, judges the verticality, and matches the conveying speed of the pressure straightener with the conveying speed of the section bar transmission mechanism to carry out straightening work in the height direction of the section bar in a targeted manner according to the condition that the verticality needs to be processed by the pressure straightener after the judgment;
e) After the measurement data are obtained through the PLC and transmitted to an upper industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer carries out processing on the data, judges the straightness, and sets the straightening force of a corresponding position for the section bar needing straightness straightening after the judgment;
s5, adjusting working parameters of the straightening press according to the judgment data obtained by the straightening press in the step S4, starting the straightening press to operate, and carrying out pressure straightening operation on the steel structural section;
s6, rechecking the straightness parameters of the straightened steel structural section, wherein the rechecking is implemented through a laser sensor positioning assembly on the outlet side of the straightening press, the rechecking step is carried out according to the steps S1 to S4, and if the straightening is unqualified in the detection result, an instruction is sent to a conveying system through an industrial personal computer to convey the unqualified steel structural section to the inlet side of the straightening press again for conveying and straightening.
2. The non-contact detection method for the straightness accuracy in the straightening process of the steel structural section according to claim 1, wherein one laser sensor positioning assembly of the two sets of laser sensor positioning assemblies is arranged on the inlet side of the straightening press, the other laser sensor positioning assembly is arranged on the outlet side of the straightening press, and the section transmission mechanism is composed of a conveyor belt or a conveyor roller.
3. The non-contact detection method for the straightness accuracy in the straightening process of the steel structural section according to claim 1, wherein the laser sensor positioning assembly comprises a fixed mounting base, a fixed laser displacement sensor, a movable laser displacement sensor, a ball screw, a servo motor and a coupler, the fixed mounting base is arranged on the side portion of the section transmission mechanism, the ball screw is vertically arranged on the fixed mounting base, the servo motor is arranged on the top of the fixed mounting base and is in transmission connection with the ball screw through the coupler, the fixed laser displacement sensor is arranged on one side close to the lower portion of the fixed mounting base, and the movable laser displacement sensor is arranged on the ball screw through a ball screw nut seat and moves up and down under the driving of the ball screw; the movable laser displacement sensor is positioned right above the fixed laser displacement sensor.
4. The non-contact detection method for the straightness of the steel structural section straightening process according to claim 1, wherein the industrial control machine in the step S4 carries out data processing, and the specific method for judging the perpendicularity is as follows:
i) Respectively calculate the data as U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n And data is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n Difference C of the same subscript 1 =U 1 -D 1 ，C 2 =U 2 -D 2 ，…… C n =U n -D n Obtaining the vertical direction error C of n measuring points 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n ；
ii) mixing C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value and verticality precision error requirement alpha 0 By comparison, if C 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n All absolute values are less than alpha 0 If so, the section verticality meets the requirement, and a press machine is not needed for verticality straightening treatment;
iii) If C is present 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 If the condition (C) indicates that the verticality of the section bar does not meet the requirement, a press machine is required to be used for verticality straightening treatment, and the step C is carried out 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 The point location of the data is recorded;
iv) aiming at the condition that the verticality needs to be processed by the straightening press, the conveying speed of the straightening press is matched with the conveying speed of the section bar conveying mechanism, and the recorded C is obtained 1 ，C 2 ，…… C n Absolute value greater than alpha 0 The straightening work of the sectional material in the height direction is carried out in a pertinence mode in the areas before and after the point location, and the specific mode is as follows: if the data C of the corresponding point location n If the sign is larger than zero, the straightening press applies force pointing to the installation direction of the sensor on the upper section of the corresponding position of the section, and if the data C of the corresponding point position n If the sign is less than zero, the straightening press applies a force pointing to the direction opposite to the installation direction of the sensor on the upper section of the corresponding position of the section bar, and the magnitude of the force is according to C n Absolute value and alpha 0 And determining the size of the difference.
5. The non-contact detection method for the straightness accuracy in the straightening process of the steel structural section according to claim 1, wherein the industrial control machine in the step S4 carries out processing on the data, and the method for judging the straightness accuracy specifically comprises the following steps:
i) Respectively calculate the data as U 1 ，U 2 ，U 3 , …… U n And data is D 1 ，D 2 ，D 3 , …… D n Average value of the same subscript A 1 =(U 1 +D 1 )/2，A 2 =(U 2 +D 2 )/2，…… A n =(U n +D n ) 2, obtaining the average value data A of the displacement measurement at n measurement points 1 ，A 2 ，…… A n ；
ii) finding A 1 ，A 2 ，A 3 ……A n Maximum value A in series data max And minimum value A min Calculating the absolute value of the difference between the two 1 ；
iii) By mixing of 1 Straightness standard delta usable with known counter-profiles 0 Performing size comparison judgment, if delta 1 Less than delta 0 The straightness of the current section bar is qualified; if Δ 1 Greater than delta 0 When the straightness of the current section is unqualified, pressure straightening is needed;
iv) for the section bar needing straightness straightening, firstly, defining the reference distance from the measured surface of the steel structure section bar to the sensor as A 0 Respectively completing the data A obtained by measurement through the industrial personal computer 1 ，A 2 ，A 2 , …… A n Distance A from the reference 0 Difference value delta of 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n ；
v) by plotting the corresponding coordinate curves and delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n Is determined by the sign of (a) if 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n The sign is negative or the numerical value is positioned below the coordinate point position, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section to the side close to the laser sensor at the point position, and if delta is positioned, the steel structural section is straightened by the straightening press 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n If the sign is positive or the numerical value is above the coordinate point, the straightening press needs to straighten the steel structural section at the point to the other side close to the laser sensor, and the setting of the straightening force at the corresponding position can be based on delta 1 ，δ 2 ，δ 3 , …… δ n The absolute value is automatically adjusted.
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