CN115665884A - Concurrent access method for low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal - Google Patents
Concurrent access method for low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless access of low-power-consumption wide-area Internet of things, and particularly relates to a concurrent access method for a low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal; the method comprises the following steps: the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel and judges whether network access congestion occurs or not; the terminal monitors the sending success rate and judges whether the sending congestion of the terminal data frame occurs or not; adjusting the MAC protocol of gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway generates network access congestion; adjusting the MAC protocol of terminal channel operation according to whether the terminal generates terminal data frame transmission congestion; the gateway continuously monitors the access idle rate of the MAC layer, if the network access is found to be in an idle state, the gateway stops the network congestion processing process and sets the channel to be in the original MAC protocol first mode; the terminal is switched into an original channel and operates a first mode of an MAC protocol; the invention ensures that the channel can be accessed quickly under the condition of high concurrency of the terminal, improves the access capability and reliability of the network and reduces the power consumption of the terminal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-power-consumption wide-area internet of things wireless access, and particularly relates to a concurrent access method for a low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal.
Background
The new generation of internet of things technology, low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), is suitable for the field of internet of things communication with Low Power consumption, long distance, low bandwidth, low cost and multiple connections. The wireless access technology of the internet of things requires large-scale, high-density, low-power consumption and low-cost terminals to realize communication interconnection in a wide area coverage range, and the application of the internet of things in the large-scale industry occupies 60% of the application scenes of the internet of things, so that the wireless access technology of the internet of things has very wide market prospect. The LPWAN is represented by various wireless communication technologies such as LoRa, NB-IOT and Sigfox, and the technical characteristics of the LPWAN ensure that the network can be connected with a large number of low-rate nodes in a large space range to acquire data in the practical application scene of the low-power wireless network in the Internet of things industry. In a typical application scene related to the internet of things industry, mass terminals with various application types coexisting share limited wireless channel resources, and if data is sent by high-density terminals with wide area coverage at any time, serious network data collision is caused, so that the network throughput is reduced, and the network performance is rapidly deteriorated. When a large number of terminals generate collision retransmission and the number of terminals in a scene changes in real time, the network performance is very unstable. In the application scenario of the high-density terminal deployment, the concurrent access mode of the terminal can determine the number of the terminals successfully accessed to the network and the optimal data transmission capacity, so that a multi-objective optimization model of time delay, power consumption and cost is established to achieve optimal resource allocation of the network. And the high-efficiency access mode of the mass terminals can keep the network in a stable state, quickly and flexibly adapt to various changes of the network environment, and ensure that the throughput is close to the maximum value.
The mass of terminal equipment is determined by the characteristics of large-scale internet of things services, and meanwhile, the wireless access technology of the internet of things has wide coverage capability, so that one gateway can certainly communicate with a large number of terminals at the same time, and therefore the key design goal of the internet of things wireless access technology needs to ensure that the normal network communication function is still ensured when the number and the density of the connected terminals are greatly improved. In a typical application of the sensor of the internet of things, in order to reduce power consumption of the terminal, when the sensor does not detect an event, the terminal is usually in a dormant or low power consumption state, so as to improve battery power supply time of the terminal. Therefore, when most of the network communication is in the monitoring state, the network communication requirement is low, and the network channel resource congestion and the MAC layer access congestion can not occur. But when a large number of terminals within the network simultaneously detect events due to the occurrence of a wide range of events, triggering communications, high concurrent traffic will suffer from severe access transmission collisions. On the premise of considering factors such as different service types, distribution positions and the like, a reasonable congestion processing mechanism is designed on a gateway side and a terminal side of a network, so that the collision probability is reduced, collision is avoided, and more terminals are ensured to be successfully accessed into the network as far as possible.
In summary, in the low-power wide-area internet of things wireless access technology, severe collisions caused by high-density deployed terminals during high concurrency may cause a large number of terminals to be in waiting attempts for data retransmission all the time, and factors such as in-band and out-of-band interference of a wireless channel, multipath, shadow fading, and the like exist, which causes communication quality of a wireless network to decrease, and power consumption of the terminals to continuously deteriorate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal concurrent access method aiming at a large-scale wide-area-coverage high-density terminal Internet of things application scene, designs a reasonable congestion processing mechanism to reduce the number of terminal data retransmission times when collision occurs, and realizes efficient transmission from a terminal to a gateway, so that a channel can be rapidly accessed under the condition of high concurrency of the terminal, the access capability and reliability of a network are improved, and the power consumption of the terminal is reduced.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a high-density terminal concurrent access method of a low-power wireless network, the wireless network at least comprises a terminal and a gateway, and the method comprises the following steps:
s100: the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel and judges whether network access congestion occurs or not;
s101: the terminal monitors the sending success rate and judges whether the sending congestion of the terminal data frame occurs or not;
s102: adjusting an MAC protocol of gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway generates network access congestion;
s103: adjusting the MAC protocol of terminal channel operation according to whether the terminal generates terminal data frame transmission congestion;
s104: the gateway continuously monitors the access idle rate of the MAC layer, if the network access is found to be in an idle state, the gateway stops the network congestion processing process and sets the channel as the first mode of the original MAC protocol; the terminal is switched into an original channel and operates a first mode of an MAC protocol; the gateway and the terminal return to step S100 and step S101, respectively.
The gateway monitoring the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel comprises the following steps:
the gateway monitors the condition that the receiving terminal accesses the data frame every time, and respectively records the times of correct receiving, wrong receiving and empty receiving, the access success rate of the MAC layer is defined as the ratio of the correct receiving times to the total receiving times in the preset time T1, and the total receiving times are the arithmetic sum of the correct receiving times, the wrong receiving times and the empty receiving times in the preset time T1;
the judging whether the network access congestion occurs comprises the following steps:
if the access success rate of the MAC layer is lower than a preset threshold value S1, the congestion state judgment is started, if the access success rate of the MAC layer is lower than a preset threshold value S2 in the subsequent T2 time, the network access congestion is determined, the network congestion processing process of the gateway side is started, and if not, the access success rate of the MAC layer is continuously monitored.
The terminal monitoring and sending success rate comprises:
the terminal monitors the condition of transmitting data frames each time, and respectively records the correct transmission times and the failed transmission times; the terminal sending success rate is defined as the ratio of the correct sending times to the total sending times in the preset time T3;
the judging whether the congestion of sending the terminal data frame occurs comprises the following steps:
and if the sending success rate of the terminal is lower than a preset threshold value S3, determining that the data frame of the terminal is sent to be congested, starting a congestion processing process at the terminal side, and otherwise, continuously monitoring the sending success rate.
The MAC protocol for adjusting the gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway is congested in network access includes: when network access congestion does not occur, a gateway operates a first mode access terminal of an MAC protocol on a channel to which the gateway belongs; when network access congestion occurs, the gateway sets the MAC protocol operated by a preset channel from a first mode to a second mode, the subsequent terminal access operates in the second mode of the MAC protocol, and the terminal access data frame is received.
The MAC protocol for adjusting the operation of the terminal channel according to whether the terminal has terminal data frame transmission congestion includes: when the congestion of data frame transmission does not occur, the terminal runs a first mode of an MAC protocol; when the terminal data frame transmission congestion occurs, the terminal sets the running MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in a preset channel, and the subsequent terminal runs in the second mode of the MAC protocol and transmits the data frame of the access gateway.
The gateway continuously monitoring the MAC layer access idle rate comprises the following steps: if the access idle rate of the gateway monitoring MAC layer is greater than a set threshold value I1, starting congestion state judgment, determining that the access idle rate of the gateway MAC layer is greater than a preset threshold value I2 in the subsequent T4 time, and stopping the gateway side network congestion processing process;
the gateway stops the network congestion processing process, and the setting of the channel to the original MAC protocol first mode comprises the following steps: the gateway sets the channel running the second mode of the MAC protocol as the first mode of the MAC protocol, runs in the first mode of the MAC protocol and receives the access data frame of the terminal. And the terminal operating the second mode of the MAC protocol cannot acquire signaling information related to the second mode of the MAC protocol in the access process, automatically exits the second mode of the MAC protocol, transfers to the original channel, operates the first mode of the MAC protocol, and stops the congestion processing process of the terminal.
The first mode and the second mode of the MAC protocol are two MAC layer protocols with different access success rates, and the second mode of the MAC protocol is higher than the first mode in access success rate.
The first mode of the MAC protocol is a pure ALOHA protocol, and the second mode of the MAC protocol is a slotted ALOHA protocol.
When the terminal data frame transmission congestion occurs, the terminal sets the running MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in the preset channel, and the method comprises the following steps: and the terminal enters a preset channel, listens to the related signaling signal of the second mode of the MAC protocol, returns to the original channel to operate the first mode of the MAC protocol if the related signaling information of the second mode of the MAC protocol is not received within the time T5, continues to monitor the sending success rate, and switches to the second mode of the MAC protocol of the preset channel again when the data frame sending congestion of the terminal occurs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal concurrent access method, which comprises the following steps of S100: the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel and judges whether network access congestion occurs or not; s101: the terminal monitors the sending success rate and judges whether the sending congestion of the terminal data frame occurs or not; s102: adjusting the MAC protocol of gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway generates network access congestion; s103: adjusting the MAC protocol of terminal channel operation according to whether the terminal generates terminal data frame transmission congestion; s104: the gateway continuously monitors the access idle rate of the MAC layer, if the network access is found to be in an idle state, the gateway stops the network congestion processing process and sets the channel as the first mode of the original MAC protocol; the terminal is switched into an original channel and operates a first mode of an MAC protocol; the gateway and the terminal respectively return to the step S100 and the step S101; the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of the network, when the access success rate is lower than a certain threshold value due to high concurrent access, a network congestion processing process is started, and the gateway and the terminal automatically detect and switch the working mode of the MAC protocol, so that a large number of terminals can be accessed more efficiently, the access transmission congestion of data frames accessed by the terminals is relieved, the access time delay of the terminals is reduced, the retransmission of terminal data and the power consumption of the terminals are reduced, and the access success rate of the terminals in the monitoring application of the large-scale sensor of the internet of things is effectively improved; the high-density terminal concurrent access method of the low-power-consumption wireless network realizes efficient transmission from the terminal to the gateway, ensures that the terminal can be quickly accessed into a channel under the condition of high concurrency, improves the access capability and reliability of the network, and reduces the power consumption of the terminal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process of a high-density terminal concurrent access method of a low-power wireless network according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low-power-consumption wireless network high-density terminal concurrent access method of the present invention, in which a gateway monitors access success rate and determines network access congestion flow.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for concurrently accessing a high-density terminal of a low-power wireless network according to the present invention, in which the terminal monitors the transmission success rate and determines the terminal data frame transmission congestion.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a high-density terminal concurrent access method of a low-power wireless network, wherein the low-power wireless network is a typical wireless network characteristic in the monitoring application of a sensor of the Internet of things, the low power represents that the power consumption of the wireless network is controlled by paying attention to the terminal in the transmission process, and the terminal needs to be powered by a battery in most applications. The high-density terminals indicate that there are a large number of sensor terminals within the management range of the gateway. The high-density terminal concurrent access means that a large number of sensor terminals in a large gateway management range send service data to the gateway at the same time period. Therefore, the access method is the access method from the terminal to the gateway under the technical characteristic conditions of low power consumption, high-density terminals, concurrency and the like.
The low-power wireless network at least comprises a terminal and a gateway, wherein the gateway manages a large number of terminals, the terminal carries a sensor, and when a sensor monitoring event occurs, the terminal sends a sensor data frame to access the gateway; when a large number of terminals in the gateway management range detect the occurrence of an event at the same time, the concurrent access of high-density terminals is triggered, as shown in fig. 1, the concurrent access method of the high-density terminals of the low-power wireless network of the invention comprises the following steps:
s100: the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel and judges whether network access congestion occurs or not;
s101: the terminal monitors the sending success rate and judges whether the sending congestion of the terminal data frame occurs or not;
s102: adjusting the MAC protocol of gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway generates network access congestion;
s103: adjusting an MAC protocol of terminal channel operation according to whether a terminal data frame transmission congestion occurs or not;
s104: the gateway continuously monitors the access idle rate of the MAC layer, if the network access is found to be in an idle state, the gateway stops the network congestion processing process and sets the channel to be in the original MAC protocol first mode; the terminal is switched into an original channel and operates a first mode of an MAC protocol; the gateway and the terminal return to step S100 and step S101, respectively.
Further, the monitoring, by the gateway, the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel includes:
the gateway monitors the condition that the receiving terminal accesses the data frame every time, and respectively records the times of correct receiving, wrong receiving and empty receiving, the access success rate of the MAC layer is defined as the ratio of the correct receiving times to the total receiving times in the preset time T1, and the total receiving times are the arithmetic sum of the correct receiving times, the wrong receiving times and the empty receiving times in the preset time T1;
further, the determining whether network access congestion occurs includes:
and if the access success rate of the MAC layer is lower than a preset threshold value S1, starting congestion state judgment, determining that the average value of the access success rates of the MAC layer is lower than a preset threshold value S2 in the subsequent T2 time, starting a network congestion processing process at the gateway side, and otherwise, continuously monitoring the access success rate of the MAC layer.
Further, in a specific embodiment, the gateway and the terminal run a pure ALOHA protocol at the MAC layer before congestion occurs, and the protocol is basically characterized in that when the terminal has sensor data to send, the sensor data is directly sent, and if the sending fails, the sending is repeated after a period of random delay. The terminal is in a dormant or low power consumption state at the time except for sending, so that the power consumption of the terminal can be greatly reduced. When the number of data frames which need to be accessed and transmitted to the gateway by all the terminals in the gateway range is small, the whole network cannot be congested, the terminals can greatly save energy consumption, the power supply time of the terminal battery is prolonged, the channel utilization time is shortened, and the channel utilization efficiency is improved.
The theoretical maximum access success rate of the pure ALOHA protocol is 0.184, and the statistical significance of the pure ALOHA protocol can be shown in that when the terminal operates in the pure ALOHA mode, the probability of success in sending a data frame once is 0184, that is, 1/0.184 times of success needs to be sent once. The MAC layer access success rate is defined as a ratio of the number of correct reception times to the total number of reception times within a predetermined time T1, and the total number of reception times is an arithmetic sum of the number of correct reception times, the number of reception errors, and the number of null reception times within the predetermined time T1. In one embodiment, T1 is set to be 24 hours, so that the number of times of gateway receiving correctness is 18 times, the number of times of receiving errors is 40 times, and the number of times of receiving null is 42 times within 24 hours, so that the MAC layer access success rate is 18/(18 +40+ 42) =0.18.
Further, in order to dynamically adapt to changes in traffic intensity, the setting of T1 may be related to the overall traffic transmission period or frequency, where T1 is long if the period is long and T1 is short if the period is short. In a specific embodiment, T1 may be set to 10 times as long as the average of consecutive 3 reception intervals before the current time; indicating that the network access success rate is monitored in the past T1 time, and if the threshold value S1 is set to 0.85 Smax, where Smax is the theoretical maximum access success rate of the MAC layer protocol, therefore, the threshold value S1 indicates that when the access success rate is lower than 85% of the theoretical maximum, the T2 monitoring is started continuously. T2 indicates that when the access success rate is decreased in the T1 monitoring, the T2 monitoring is continued to determine whether congestion occurs. T2 is set in consideration of the phenomenon detection of a plurality of successive receptions in a short time. In one embodiment, T2 may be set to 10 times the time required for the maximum uplink and downlink data frames, which corresponds to 10 uplink interactions given the observation time, so that the high-density concurrence phenomenon in a short time can be more objectively reflected. After T2 monitoring, a threshold S2 of 0.8 smax was set, indicating that S2 is lower than S1, S1 is used to find a drop in the probability and S2 is used to confirm a drop in the access success rate.
In a specific embodiment, a flow of monitoring an access success rate and determining network access congestion by a gateway is shown in fig. 2, and the specific process is as follows:
in step S200, the gateway calculates and dynamically updates T1, and runs a timer T1; the value of T1 is set to be 10 times as long as the average value of 3 continuous receiving intervals before the current moment; for example, if the traffic reception intervals 3 times before the current time are 8 minutes, 9 minutes, and 10 minutes, respectively, T1=10 ((8 +9+ 10)/3) =90 minutes, and the update is continuously adjusted in the form of a sliding time window. When the first 3 traffic reception intervals at a next time are 1 minute, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes, respectively, T1=10 ((1 +3+ 5)/3) =30 minutes. The gateway continuously updates T1 with the reception interval time.
In step S201, the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer within the time T1, where the access success rate of the MAC layer indicates the access success rate of the ALOHA protocol, and the theoretical maximum access success rate Smax is 0.184. And continuously outputting the access success rate statistic value in the T1 time in the T1 sliding window, for example, the access success rate S [0.18,0.181,0.179,0.17,0.155], and when 0.155 appears, comparing the access success rate statistic value with a threshold value by the gateway.
In step S202, the gateway compares the MAC layer access success rate obtained by monitoring with the threshold S1 in real time, and if the MAC layer access success rate is higher than S1, the process proceeds to S201, and if the MAC layer access success rate is lower than S1, the process proceeds to S203.
In step S203, the gateway monitors the MAC layer access success rate for time T2, where a threshold S2 is set to 0.8 × smax, i.e., 0.1472. The gateway needs to continuously monitor the access success rate of the MAC layer in T2, and T2 takes 10 times of uplink and downlink interaction time as an example, if the uplink and downlink interaction time is 10 seconds, T2 is set to 100 seconds, that is, the gateway monitors the access success rate in the next 100 seconds.
In step S204, the gateway determines whether the access success rate is lower than a threshold S2, that is, determines whether the access success rate monitored within the time T2 is lower than S2. In this specific example, the access effective value in the time T2 is 0.14, and if it is determined that the access effective value is lower than S2, the process goes to S205.
In step S205, if the gateway determines that the network access is congested, the gateway-side network congestion processing procedure is started.
Further, the terminal monitoring the sending success rate includes: the terminal monitors the condition of sending data frames each time, and respectively records the correct sending times and the failed sending times; the terminal transmission success rate is defined as the ratio of the correct times of transmission to the total times of transmission in a preset time T3. In one embodiment, the success rate of terminal transmission is about 0.18, which means that in the steady state situation of the network, when the traffic arrival strength is one packet to be transmitted per unit time, the success rate is 0.18. However, when the concurrency of the terminal is very small, the packet success rate is much higher than the value, and therefore, the terminal determines whether the success rate is lower than the threshold value by the statistical value of the transmission success rate within the time T3. If the sending success rate of the terminal is lower than a preset threshold value S3, determining that the data frame of the terminal is sent to be congested, starting a congestion processing process at the terminal side, and if not, continuously monitoring the sending success rate.
In an embodiment, the flow of monitoring the transmission success rate and determining the terminal data frame transmission congestion by the terminal is shown in fig. 3. In this embodiment, in step S300, the terminal calculates and dynamically updates T3, and runs the timer T3. The terminal monitors the sending success rate in the past T3 time, namely, the sending data frame success rate in the T3 time is counted, and the number of times of successful sending of the data frame and the total number of times of sending the data frame are equal in numerical calculation. In the specific implementation, the T3 time is considered to be the time required for discovering the transmission congestion that may occur in the terminal, and therefore, the T3 time cannot be too long, but is considered to be the time required for a high concurrency state in a short period. For example, the time of 10 transmission cycles, the time of one transmission cycle is equal to the time of transmitting one data and immediately receiving one gateway acknowledgement data frame ACK. For example, if one terminal transmission period is 10 seconds, T3 may be set to 100 seconds. The length of T3 may be dynamically adjusted according to the length and strength of the traffic data.
In step S301, the terminal monitors the transmission success rate within the time T3, that is, the terminal continuously counts the transmission success rate within the time T3.
In step S302, the terminal determines whether the transmission success rate is lower than a threshold S3, i.e., the terminal transmission success rate counted in T3 for the terminal is compared with S3. If the terminal transmission success rate is 0.1 and S3 is 80% of Smax, for the pure ALOHA protocol, S3=0.184 × 0.8=0.1472, the terminal transmission success rate monitored in T3 is lower than S3, and the process proceeds to S303.
In step S303, the terminal determines that the current state is the terminal data frame transmission congestion, and starts a terminal-side congestion handling process.
Further, the adjusting the MAC protocol of the gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway has network access congestion includes: when network access congestion does not occur, a gateway operates a first mode access terminal of an MAC protocol on a channel to which the gateway belongs; when network access congestion occurs, the gateway sets the MAC protocol operated by a preset channel from a first mode to a second mode, the subsequent terminal access operates in the second mode of the MAC protocol, and the terminal access data frame is received.
Further, the adjusting the MAC protocol of the terminal channel operation according to whether the terminal has terminal data frame transmission congestion includes: when the congestion of data frame transmission does not occur, the terminal runs a first mode of an MAC protocol; when the terminal data frame transmission congestion occurs, the terminal sets the running MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in a preset channel, and the subsequent terminal runs in the second mode of the MAC protocol and transmits the data frame of the access gateway.
The first mode and the second mode of the MAC protocol are two MAC layer protocols with different access success rates, and the second mode of the MAC protocol is higher than the first mode in the access success rate.
The first mode of the MAC protocol is a pure ALOHA protocol, and the second mode of the MAC protocol is a time slot ALOHA protocol. Pure ALOHA and slotted ALOHA are typical principle protocols for sensor-oriented acquisition in low-power wireless networks of the internet of things, and are used in the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the generality and benefits of the methods provided by the present invention.
Further, the gateway sets the MAC protocol operated by the predetermined channel from the first mode to the second mode, in a specific embodiment, that is, the gateway closes the pure ALOHA mode in which the predetermined channel is operating, and opens the slotted ALOHA mode; the gateway supports at least 2 independent frequency channels, and the gateway is configured to have at least 1 channel which is preset from the first mode to the second mode of the MAC protocol.
Further, the terminal sets the operating MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in the predetermined channel, in a specific embodiment, the terminal turns on the MAC protocol second mode in the predetermined channel, that is, turns on the slotted ALOHA mode in the predetermined channel; and the terminal enters a preset channel, listens to the related signaling signal of the second mode of the MAC protocol, returns to the original channel to operate the first mode of the MAC protocol if the related signaling information of the second mode of the MAC protocol is not received within the time T5, continues to monitor the sending success rate, and switches to the second mode of the MAC protocol of the preset channel again when the data frame sending congestion of the terminal occurs. In a specific embodiment, the time T5 is set to receive the signaling of the second mode of the MAC protocol, and the time T5 should be at least two times longer than the slotted ALOHA signaling period.
Further, the gateway continuing to monitor the MAC layer access idle rate includes: if the access idle rate of the gateway monitoring MAC layer is greater than a set threshold value I1, starting congestion state judgment, determining that the access idle rate of the gateway MAC layer is greater than a preset threshold value I2 in the subsequent T4 time, and stopping the gateway side network congestion processing process; the gateway stops the network congestion processing process, and the setting of the channel to the original MAC protocol first mode comprises the following steps: and the gateway sets the channel running the second mode of the MAC protocol as the first mode of the MAC protocol, runs in the first mode of the MAC protocol and receives the access data frame of the terminal. The terminal operating the second mode of the MAC protocol can not obtain the signaling information related to the second mode of the MAC protocol in the access process, automatically quits the second mode of the MAC protocol, transfers to the original channel, operates the first mode of the MAC protocol, and stops the congestion processing process of the terminal; in a specific embodiment, the idle rate refers to a ratio of the number of times the gateway receives the null to the total number of times the gateway receives the null over a period of time, such as T1. The lower the idle rate, the lower the channel utilization rate, and the less data the terminal transmits. The setting of the threshold I1 is to set a gateway access idle rate threshold, and in a steady-state system, the idle rate of the slotted ALOHA system is about 0.368, so that if the idle rate approaches 2 times the idle rate, that is, 0.736, the idle rate is considered to be too much. Therefore, if I1=0.736 is set here, if the gateway monitors that the access idle rate reaches I1 in the slotted ALOHA mode, the network congestion processing procedure is stopped, and the channel is set to the original MAC protocol first mode.
When the congestion of the terminal data frame transmission occurs, the terminal sets the running MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in a preset channel, wherein the first mode comprises the following steps: and the terminal enters a preset channel, listens to the related signaling signal of the second mode of the MAC protocol, returns to the original channel to operate the first mode of the MAC protocol if the related signaling information of the second mode of the MAC protocol is not received within the time T5, continues to monitor the sending success rate, and switches to the second mode of the MAC protocol of the preset channel again when the data frame sending congestion of the terminal occurs.
The terminal transfers to the original channel and runs the first mode of the MAC protocol, and in the specific embodiment, the terminal is characterized in that: the gateway stops the network congestion processing process, sets the channel as the original MAC protocol first mode, and the terminal operating the MAC protocol second mode can not obtain the signaling information related to the MAC protocol second mode in the access process, and then automatically quits the MAC protocol second mode, shifts to the original channel, and operates the MAC protocol first mode to stop the terminal congestion processing process.
The embodiments described above only express several specific embodiments and examples of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention.
In summary, the method for concurrently accessing high-density terminals in a low-power wireless network according to the present invention includes steps S100: the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel and judges whether network access congestion occurs or not; s101: the terminal monitors the sending success rate and judges whether the sending congestion of the terminal data frame occurs or not; s102: adjusting an MAC protocol of gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway generates network access congestion; s103: adjusting an MAC protocol of terminal channel operation according to whether a terminal data frame transmission congestion occurs or not; s104: the gateway continuously monitors the access idle rate of the MAC layer, if the network access is found to be in an idle state, the gateway stops the network congestion processing process and sets the channel to be in the original MAC protocol first mode; the terminal is switched into an original channel and operates a first mode of an MAC protocol; the gateway and the terminal respectively return to the step S100 and the step S101; the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of the network, when the access success rate is lower than a certain threshold value due to high concurrent access, a network congestion processing process is started, and the gateway and the terminal automatically detect and switch the working mode of the MAC protocol, so that a large number of terminals can be accessed more efficiently, the access transmission congestion of data frames accessed by the terminals is relieved, the access time delay of the terminals is reduced, the retransmission of terminal data and the power consumption of the terminals are reduced, and the access success rate of the terminals in the monitoring application of the large-scale sensor of the internet of things is effectively improved; the high-density terminal concurrent access method of the low-power-consumption wireless network realizes efficient transmission from the terminal to the gateway, ensures that the terminal can be quickly accessed into a channel under the condition of high concurrency, improves the access capability and reliability of the network, and reduces the power consumption of the terminal.
Claims (9)
1. A high-density terminal concurrent access method of a low-power wireless network, the wireless network at least comprises a terminal and a gateway, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100: the gateway monitors the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel and judges whether network access congestion occurs or not;
s101: the terminal monitors the sending success rate and judges whether the sending congestion of the terminal data frame occurs or not;
s102: adjusting an MAC protocol of gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway generates network access congestion;
s103: adjusting the MAC protocol of terminal channel operation according to whether the terminal generates terminal data frame transmission congestion;
s104: the gateway continuously monitors the access idle rate of the MAC layer, if the network access is found to be in an idle state, the gateway stops the network congestion processing process and sets the channel as the first mode of the original MAC protocol; the terminal is switched into an original channel and operates a first mode of an MAC protocol; the gateway and the terminal return to step S100 and step S101, respectively.
2. The method for concurrently accessing the high-density terminals in the low-power wireless network according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring, by the gateway, the access success rate of the MAC layer of each frequency channel comprises:
the gateway monitors the condition that the receiving terminal accesses the data frame every time, and respectively records the times of correct receiving, wrong receiving and empty receiving, the access success rate of the MAC layer is defined as the ratio of the correct receiving times to the total receiving times in the preset time T1, and the total receiving times are the arithmetic sum of the correct receiving times, the wrong receiving times and the empty receiving times in the preset time T1;
the judging whether the network access congestion occurs comprises the following steps:
if the access success rate of the MAC layer is lower than a preset threshold value S1, the congestion state judgment is started, if the access success rate of the MAC layer is lower than a preset threshold value S2 in the subsequent T2 time, the network access congestion is determined, the network congestion processing process of the gateway side is started, and if not, the access success rate of the MAC layer is continuously monitored.
3. The method for concurrently accessing the high-density terminal of the low-power wireless network according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the transmission success rate by the terminal comprises:
the terminal monitors the condition of transmitting data frames each time, and respectively records the correct transmission times and the failed transmission times; the terminal sending success rate is defined as the ratio of the correct sending times to the total sending times in the preset time T3;
the judging whether the terminal data frame sending congestion occurs comprises the following steps:
and if the sending success rate of the terminal is lower than a preset threshold value S3, determining that the data frame of the terminal is sent to be congested, starting a congestion processing process at the terminal side, and otherwise, continuously monitoring the sending success rate.
4. The method for concurrently accessing high-density terminals in a low-power wireless network according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the MAC protocol of the gateway channel operation according to whether the gateway has network access congestion comprises: when network access congestion does not occur, a gateway operates a first mode access terminal of an MAC protocol in a channel to which the gateway belongs; when network access congestion occurs, the gateway sets the MAC protocol operated by a preset channel from a first mode to a second mode, the subsequent terminal access operates in the second mode of the MAC protocol, and the terminal access data frame is received.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjusting the MAC protocol of the terminal channel operation according to whether the terminal has terminal data frame transmission congestion comprises: when the congestion of data frame transmission does not occur, the terminal runs a first mode of an MAC protocol; when the terminal data frame transmission congestion occurs, the terminal sets the running MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in a preset channel, and the subsequent terminal runs in the second mode of the MAC protocol and transmits the data frame of the access gateway.
6. The concurrent access method for the high-density terminal in the low-power wireless network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gateway continuing to monitor the MAC layer access idle rate comprises: if the access idle rate of the gateway monitoring MAC layer is larger than a set threshold value I1, starting congestion state judgment, determining that the access idle rate of the gateway MAC layer is larger than a preset threshold value I2 in the subsequent T4 time, and stopping the network congestion processing process of the gateway side if the access idle rate of the gateway MAC layer is determined to be in an idle state;
the gateway stops the network congestion processing process, and the setting of the channel to the original MAC protocol first mode comprises the following steps: the gateway sets the channel running the second mode of the MAC protocol as the first mode of the MAC protocol, runs in the first mode of the MAC protocol, receives the terminal access data frame, and the terminal running the second mode of the MAC protocol can not obtain the signaling information related to the second mode of the MAC protocol in the access process, automatically exits the second mode of the MAC protocol, switches to the original channel, runs the first mode of the MAC protocol, and stops the congestion processing process of the terminal.
7. The concurrent access method for the high-density terminals in the low-power wireless network as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein: the first mode and the second mode of the MAC protocol are two MAC layer protocols with different access success rates, and the second mode of the MAC protocol is higher than the first mode in access success rate.
8. The method for concurrently accessing the high-density terminals of the low-power wireless network according to claim 7, wherein: the first mode of the MAC protocol is a pure ALOHA protocol, and the second mode of the MAC protocol is a time slot ALOHA protocol.
9. The method for concurrently accessing the high-density terminals in the low-power wireless network according to claim 5, wherein the step of the terminal setting the operating MAC protocol from the first mode to the second mode in the predetermined channel when the congestion of the terminal data frame transmission occurs comprises: and the terminal enters a preset channel, listens to the related signaling signal of the second mode of the MAC protocol, returns to the original channel to operate the first mode of the MAC protocol if the related signaling information of the second mode of the MAC protocol is not received within the time T5, continues to monitor the sending success rate, and switches to the second mode of the MAC protocol of the preset channel again when the data frame sending congestion of the terminal occurs.
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