CN115655978B - Experimental device and method for measuring wave front evolution of disturbance shock wave in material - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for measuring wave front evolution of disturbance shock wave in material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115655978B CN115655978B CN202211575805.XA CN202211575805A CN115655978B CN 115655978 B CN115655978 B CN 115655978B CN 202211575805 A CN202211575805 A CN 202211575805A CN 115655978 B CN115655978 B CN 115655978B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic high-pressure impact compression, and provides an experimental device and a method for measuring the wave front evolution of disturbance shock waves in a material, wherein the experimental device comprises a target disc base, an experimental sample, a bracket, a fixed back seat and a measuring system, the target disc base is provided with a sample accommodating groove, one end of the target disc base is provided with a target disc notch, and the target disc notch is communicated with the sample accommodating groove; the experimental sample is placed in the sample holding tank, and the front interface of experimental sample is curved surface ripple structure and towards the target dish breach of target dish base. The invention utilizes a high-speed flyer to impact an experimental sample, generates disturbance shock waves in the experimental sample, measures a frequency spectrum signal in the movement process of a rear interface of the sample, obtains the change rule of the particle speed of the rear interface of the sample along with time by methods such as Fourier transform and the like, further can draw the evolution process of the wave front of the shock waves, further selects continuous pressure points to measure for multiple times, and analyzes the phase change of the experimental sample to be measured by utilizing the quantitative relation between the particle speed and the pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic high-pressure impact compression, in particular to an experimental device for measuring wave front evolution of disturbance shock waves in a material.
Background
Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, condensed substances are often treated as fluids, and the dynamic process of the condensed substances is described by a fluid mechanics equation system. The viscosity coefficient of a substance is an important physical property parameter for researching the dynamic motion process of any practical fluid, and the correlation between the viscous stress in a substance flow field and the infinitesimal deformation rate of the substance can be described through the viscosity coefficient. Whether the evolution rule of the disturbance shock wave in the material can be accurately reflected or not is determined, and whether the viscosity coefficient of the material under the high impact pressure can be accurately measured or not is determined. Therefore, the method has a crucial meaning for accurately reflecting the evolution rule of the wave front of the disturbance shock wave in the material.
Regarding the viscosity of the material, the viscosity defined at present represents an equivalent viscosity due to the partial effect of the strength of the material, and a great deal of previous researches prove that the equivalent viscosity of the high-temperature and high-pressure substance flow field is closely related to momentum diffusion and energy dissipation in the flow field, and the dissipation process needs to be realized by means of the interaction of microscopic particles of the substance. Therefore, the change of the equivalent viscosity of the substance can sharply react the structural phase change of the substance, and the measurement of the equivalent viscosity coefficient under extreme conditions provides a new idea for researching the phase change of the substance.
In order to obtain the viscosity coefficient of a substance, it was obtained at an early stage mainly by theoretical calculation and static high pressure experiment. Theoretical calculations are difficult to recognize because they are based on idealized models and idealized conditions. In the static high-pressure experiment, due to the limitation of experimental conditions, an environment with ultrahigh temperature and high pressure is difficult to create, so that viscosity data of a substance under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure are relatively vacant.
The development of the light gas gun technology provides a new method for researching the viscosity of a substance under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and the method for researching the viscosity of the substance in the field of dynamic high pressure mainly comprises the following steps:
1. indirect measurement methods include a metal cylinder movement method under impact loading, an ionic conductivity measurement method, a fluorescence lifetime method, a diffusion agglomeration method, and the like. However, since these measurement methods need to be calibrated in advance and compared with the results of the parameters of the substance to be measured, the methods have uncertainty and the obtained results are difficult to be accepted by academia.
2. Direct measurements, including shock wavefront thickness measurements and perturbation shock wave amplitude attenuation measurements. For the impact wave front thickness measurement method, the accuracy of an experimental instrument is not high, so that the measurement result is only a rough average value; the existing experimental method for measuring the viscosity coefficient of a substance by using a disturbance shock wave amplitude attenuation thought comprises a Sakharov small disturbance experiment and a flyer collision disturbance experiment, and for the Sakharov small disturbance experiment, because the amplitude of the ripple of the rear interface of a substrate in the experiment is set to be too large, the sine shock wave is injected when being introduced into a sample material to cause waveform distortion, so that the experimental result has certain uncertainty; the experimental device for the collision disturbance experiment of the flyer is high in assembly difficulty, and due to the fact that uncertain changes can occur in the position of the measuring end of the electric probe in the assembling and detecting processes, the experimental result has large errors.
In view of the disadvantages of the above methods, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for measuring the wavefront evolution of a disturbance shock wave in a material based on the doppler effect, so as to at least overcome the disadvantages of the above methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for measuring the wave front evolution of disturbance shock waves in a material, and at least solves the technical problems that the measurement result is not accurate enough, the assembly difficulty of the experimental device is high and the like in the conventional method for researching the viscosity of a substance in the field of dynamic and high pressure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for measuring the evolution of a wavefront of a disturbance shock wave in a material, which is used for measuring the evolution process of the wavefront of the disturbance shock wave in an experimental sample, and the experimental apparatus includes:
the device comprises a target disc base, a sample storage tank, a target disc notch and a sample storage tank, wherein the sample storage tank is arranged on the target disc base;
the experimental sample is placed in the sample accommodating groove, and the front interface of the experimental sample is of a curved corrugated structure and faces to a target disc gap of the target disc base;
the bracket is fixed at the rear end of the experimental sample, the front end face of the bracket is in contact with the rear interface of the experimental sample, and the bracket is provided with an optical fiber hole;
the fixed rear seat is arranged at one end of the target disc base, which is far away from the target disc gap, the front end surface of the fixed rear seat is contacted with the rear end surface of the bracket, and the fixed rear seat is detachably connected with the target disc base;
the measurement system comprises a measurement optical fiber, a Doppler displacement velocity measurement system and an oscilloscope, wherein one end of the measurement optical fiber is connected with an optical fiber hole in the support, the other end of the measurement optical fiber is connected with the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system, the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system is connected with the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is used for recording the motion process of the rear interface of the experimental sample in the experimental process.
In some possible embodiments, the rear interface of the experimental sample is a stepped structure, the front end surface of the bracket is also a stepped structure, and the stepped structure of the front end surface of the bracket is matched with the stepped structure of the rear interface of the experimental sample;
the bracket is in close contact with the rear interface of the experimental sample through the stepped structure of the front end face and is fixed at the rear end of the experimental sample.
In some possible embodiments, the test sample is a solid sample or a powder sample;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample, the surface of one side of the powder sample in a stepped structure is plated with an aluminum foil, and the support is in close contact with the aluminum foil on the rear interface of the powder sample through the stepped structure on the front end face.
In some possible embodiments, when the experimental sample is a powder sample, the experimental device further comprises a pressing device comprising:
the pressing seat is provided with a pressing cavity, and the pressing cavity penetrates through the top of the pressing seat;
the forming die is arranged at the inner bottom of the pressing cavity, and the top of the forming die is of a curved surface corrugated structure;
the bottom of the press anvil is of a stepped structure, and the press anvil is matched with the pressing cavity.
In some possible embodiments, the bracket is provided with a plurality of optical fiber holes, the measuring optical fibers correspond to the optical fiber holes one by one, and one end of each measuring optical fiber connected with the bracket extends into the corresponding optical fiber hole;
the plurality of optical fiber holes respectively correspond to the rear interfaces of wave crests and wave troughs in the curved surface corrugated structure at different thicknesses of the experimental sample.
In some possible embodiments, the joint of the measuring optical fiber adopts a UPC joint, and the light source used by the doppler shift velocimetry system is a laser with the wavelength of 1550 nm.
On the other hand, the invention provides an experimental method for measuring the wave front evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the material, which adopts the experimental device for measuring the wave front evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the material, and the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an experimental sample;
when the experimental sample is a solid sample, processing the front interface of the solid sample into a curved surface corrugated structure; processing the rear interface of the solid sample into a stepped structure;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample, putting the powder sample into a pressing device for pressing and forming, ensuring that the shape of the powder sample is the same as that of a solid sample, and plating uniform aluminum foil on the surface of one side of the powder sample in a step-shaped structure;
s2, placing an experimental sample;
when the experimental sample is a solid sample, placing the solid sample in a sample accommodating groove of a target disc base, enabling a front interface of the solid sample to face a target disc notch of the target disc base, and then installing the bracket to ensure that the front end surface of the bracket is in close contact with a rear interface of the solid sample;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample, placing the powder sample in a sample accommodating groove of a target disc base, enabling the front interface of the powder sample to face a target disc notch of the target disc base, and then installing the bracket to ensure that the front end surface of the bracket is in close contact with an aluminum foil of the rear interface of the powder sample;
after the experimental sample and the support are installed, installing the fixed rear seat, and ensuring that the front end face of the fixed rear seat is in close contact with the rear end face of the support;
s3, mounting a target disc base;
mounting the target disc base on a target frame of the light gas gun, and enabling a target disc notch of the target disc base to be opposite to a flyer of the light gas gun;
s4, connecting a measurement system;
inserting one end of the measuring optical fiber into an optical fiber hole corresponding to the bracket, connecting the other end of the measuring optical fiber with a Doppler displacement velocity measurement system, and connecting the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system with an oscilloscope;
s5, measuring;
the light gas gun launches the flyer, the flyer impacts the curved corrugated structure of the experimental sample to generate disturbance shock waves in the experimental sample, then, a frequency spectrum signal in the movement process of the rear interface of the sample is used, the change rule of the speed of particles of the rear interface of the sample along with time is obtained by means of Fourier transform and the like, and the evolution process of the shock wave front is described; and selecting continuous pressure points to carry out multiple measurements, and analyzing the phase change of the tested experimental sample by utilizing the quantitative relation between the particle speed and the pressure.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the experimental device and the method for measuring the wave front evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the material are based on light gas gun loading, the disturbance shock wave is generated in an experimental sample through high-speed flyer impact, the change rule of the particle speed of the interface behind the sample along with time is obtained through methods such as Fourier transform and the like by utilizing a frequency spectrum signal measured in the movement process of the interface behind the measured sample, the evolution process of the wave front of the shock wave can be further described, further, continuous pressure points are selected for carrying out multiple times of measurement, and the phase change of the measured experimental sample is analyzed by utilizing the quantitative relation between the particle speed and the pressure.
2. Compared with an electric probe experimental device, the experimental device provided by the invention has a simpler structure and has more advantages. In a macroscopic angle, the experimental device can measure the wave front characteristic points of the disturbance shock waves at different thicknesses of the experimental sample, and the viscosity coefficient of the tested experimental sample is obtained by utilizing the evolution rule of the disturbance wave front; at a microscopic angle, the experimental device can measure the motion conditions of corresponding interfaces at different thicknesses of an experimental sample, obtain the particle speed of the corresponding interfaces and further obtain possible phase change information of the tested experimental sample. Therefore, the experimental device can meet the measurement work of the shock wave front, the viscosity coefficient, the interface particle speed and the phase change information in the tested experimental sample, has higher experimental success rate and lower experimental cost, and has wider application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for measuring a solid sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for measuring a solid sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the target disk base and the rear fixing base according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a subassembly of the assay device portion in the measurement of a solid sample as provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a half sectional view showing the assembled structure of the subassembly of the part of the assay device for measuring a solid sample, according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for measuring powder samples according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top cross-sectional view of an experimental setup for measuring powder samples according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a part assembly of the assay device in measuring powder samples as provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a half sectional view of the assembled structure of the part of the testing device for measuring powder samples according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of a spectrum signal of a back interface of an experimental sample corresponding to one of the measurement fibers in an experimental process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a graph showing a change in particle velocity with time at the rear interface of an experimental sample during an experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: a-a solid sample, b-a powder sample, 10-a target disc base, 10 a-a sample accommodating groove, 10 b-a target disc notch, 20-a support, 20 a-an optical fiber hole, 30-a measuring optical fiber, 40-a fixed rear seat, 50-a Doppler displacement speed measuring system, 60-an oscilloscope and 70-aluminum foil.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides an experimental apparatus for measuring the wavefront evolution of a disturbance shock wave in a material, which is used to implement the wavefront evolution process of the disturbance shock wave in an experimental sample, obtain an oscillation attenuation curve of the shock wave through the wavefront evolution process of the shock wave, and obtain viscosity coefficients of a measured sample under different pressures by combining a numerical simulation method. It is understood that the test samples to be tested in this embodiment include a solid sample a and a powder sample b, the test device is slightly different for different types of test samples, and the specific structure of the test device will be described in detail below.
In the present embodiment, the experimental apparatus for measuring the process of the wave front evolution of the disturbed shock wave in the solid sample a and the powder sample b comprises a target disk base 10, a support 20, a fixed backseat 40 and a measurement system.
With reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, in this embodiment, the target disk base 10 is provided with a sample receiving groove 10a, the sample receiving groove 10a is disposed through a side wall of the target disk base 10, the sample receiving groove 10a is used for placing and fixing a solid sample a or a powder sample b in an experiment, and at this time, one end of the target disk base 10 is provided with a target disk notch 10b communicated with the sample receiving groove 10a, so as to limit the position of the experiment sample through the target disk notch 10 b. It should be noted that, the target disk base 10 of the present embodiment may be made of, but is not limited to, aluminum, and the size of the target disk base 10 is determined according to the size of the light gas gun target holder, and is not limited herein, and the solid sample a or the powder sample b, the bracket 20, the fixing backseat 40, and other components of the experimental apparatus may be fixed to the target holder of the light gas gun through the target disk base 10, so as to subsequently perform the measurement of the wave front evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the experimental sample material.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 6 or 7, in the present embodiment, the bracket 20 is disposed on a side of the target plate base 10 away from the target plate notch 10b, and after the bracket 20 is installed, the bracket 20 is fixed to the rear end of the test sample, so as to limit the position of the test sample by the bracket 20. It will be appreciated that the holder 20 of this embodiment may be made of, but not limited to, aluminum, and the holder 20 is provided with a fiber hole 20a communicating with the sample receiving groove 10a for subsequent connection to a measurement system.
In the present embodiment, the fixing backseat 40 is disposed at an end of the target disk base 10 away from the target disk gap 10b, and the fixing backseat 40 is detachably connected to the target disk base 10, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 6, or fig. 7. Wherein, fixed back seat 40 can but not be restricted to adopting aluminium to make, fixed back seat 40 can but not be restricted to adopting threaded connection with target plate base 10, and the relevant position of fixed back seat 40 is provided with the external screw thread promptly, and target plate base 10 rear end is provided with the internal thread, and when fixed back seat 40 installation completion back, the preceding terminal surface of fixed back seat 40 can stretch into in sample holding tank 10a and with the rear end face in close contact with of support 20 to restrict the position of support 20 through fixed back seat 40.
In this embodiment, if the test sample is a solid sample a or a powder sample b, the solid sample a or the powder sample b needs to be processed into a specific shape before the test.
Specifically, the size of the solid sample a or the powder sample b is determined by the positions of the target disk base 10 and the holder 20 together. When the test sample is a solid sample a or a powder sample b, the solid sample a or the powder sample b is located in the sample holding groove 10a, and the front interface (i.e., the side of the solid sample a or the powder sample b facing the target disc notch 10b in the sample holding groove 10a, which is the surface impacted by the flying disc at high speed under the impact loading condition) of the solid sample a or the powder sample b is in a curved corrugated structure, and then the curved corrugated structure has peaks and valleys, as shown in fig. 2 or fig. 7.
For the solid sample a, the solid sample a is further divided into a metal solid sample and a non-metal solid sample, if the solid sample is a metal solid sample, a curved corrugated structure can be processed on the front interface of the solid sample a by using a linear cutting device, and if the solid sample is a non-metal solid sample, a curved corrugated structure can be processed on the front interface of the solid sample a by using an engraving machine. For the powder sample b, it is necessary to press the powder sample b into a shape matching the sample-accommodating groove 10a, and the press-formed powder sample b is the same as the solid sample a in shape for the mounting and fixing of the powder sample b.
Referring to fig. 1 or fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the rear interface (i.e., the side of the solid sample a or the powder sample b facing the support 20) of the solid sample a or the powder sample b is processed into an inclined surface, and a stepped structure is disposed on the inclined surface, where the stepped structure includes, but is not limited to, six steps, and each step has the same size. In this embodiment, the front end surface of the bracket 20 (i.e. the side of the bracket 20 facing the solid sample a or the powder sample b) is also configured to be a stepped structure matching the rear interface of the experimental sample, at this time, the stepped structure of the front end surface of the bracket 20 is identical to the stepped structure of the rear interface of the experimental sample, and when the bracket 20 is installed at the rear end of the experimental sample, the bracket 20 is in close contact with the rear interface of the experimental sample through the stepped structure of the front end surface, so as to ensure that the bracket 20 and the solid sample a or the powder sample b can be installed in a matching manner, thereby not only ensuring the relative position of the bracket 20 and the solid sample a or the powder sample b to be fixed, but also facilitating the measurement of the measurement optical fiber 30 fixed in the optical fiber hole 20a on the bracket 20 to measure the disturbance shock waves with different thicknesses.
It will be appreciated that, in order to realize the preparation of the powder sample b, when the test sample is the powder sample b, the test apparatus further comprises a pressing device (not shown in the figure) to press-form the powder sample b in a powder form by the pressing device, so as to facilitate the placement of the powder sample b into the sample receiving groove 10a of the target disk base 10 and the subsequent measurement test. Specifically, the pressing device comprises a pressing seat, a forming die and a pressing machine anvil, wherein the pressing seat is provided with a pressing cavity matched with the shape of the powder sample b, the pressing cavity penetrates through the top of the pressing seat, the forming die is arranged at the inner bottom of the pressing cavity, the top of the forming die is of a curved corrugated structure, and the bottom of the pressing machine anvil is of a stepped structure and matched with the pressing cavity, so that the pressing machine anvil can extend into the pressing cavity or extend out of the pressing cavity. In actually preparing the powder sample b, the powder sample b in a powder form is placed in a pressing cavity of a pressing base, and then the powder sample b is pressed downward along the pressing cavity by a pressing machine so as to realize the press forming of the powder sample b, and the powder sample b which is finally pressed and in a solid state has the same shape as the solid sample a.
In addition, in practical implementation, the material for preparing the support 20 may also vary with the variation of the experimental pressure, in this embodiment, the material for preparing the support 20 is aluminum, if multiple impacts need to be considered, quartz glass, sapphire or lithium fluoride (LiF) may be respectively selected according to the different experimental pressures, specifically, when the experimental pressure is low pressure (within 10 GPa), the support 20 may be prepared by using quartz glass, when the experimental pressure is medium pressure (10-40 GPa), the support 20 may be prepared by using sapphire, and when the experimental pressure is high pressure (greater than 40 GPa), the support 20 may be prepared by using lithium fluoride.
On the other hand, when the experimental sample is the powder sample b, considering that the powder sample b is loose and porous and has a low return light reflectance, for this reason, with reference to the contents shown in fig. 6 or fig. 7, an aluminum foil 70 may be plated on the surface of one side (i.e., the rear interface of the powder sample b) of the powder sample b having a stepped structure, and the bracket 20 is in close contact with the aluminum foil 70 of the rear interface of the powder sample b through the stepped structure of the front end surface, and the aluminum foil 70 is added to reflect light, so that the return light reflectance of the rear interface of the powder sample b can be improved, and thus the movement rule of the vertical rear interface of each step of the powder sample b can be detected by the measurement system in the experimental process.
In this embodiment, the measurement system may measure the time when the disturbance shock wave reaches the interfaces with different thicknesses in the solid sample a or the powder sample b, and for an interface with the same thickness, the disturbance amplitude of the corresponding interface may be calculated by using the time difference when the disturbance shock wave reaches the interface, and the evolution process of the disturbance shock wave in the wavefront disturbance in the experimental sample may be obtained by using the interface measurement information with a plurality of different thicknesses, and further, the viscosity coefficient of the solid sample a or the powder sample b under the corresponding experimental pressure may be obtained by combining the numerical simulation method.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 6 or fig. 7, the measuring system includes a measuring fiber 30, a doppler shift velocimetry system 50 and an oscilloscope 60. One end of the measuring optical fiber 30 is connected to the optical fiber hole 20a of the bracket 20, the other end of the measuring optical fiber 30 is connected to the doppler shift velocity measurement system 50, and the doppler shift velocity measurement system 50 is connected to the oscilloscope 60, so as to record the movement process of the rear interface of the experimental sample in the experimental process through the oscilloscope 60. It will be appreciated that the oscilloscope 60 may be, but is not limited to, a high resolution detection oscilloscope to improve the accuracy of the measurement.
It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the connection of the measurement optical fiber 30 and the support 20, a plurality of optical fiber holes 20a are formed in the support 20, the measurement optical fibers 30 correspond to the optical fiber holes 20a one to one, and one end of the measurement optical fiber 30 connected to the support 20 extends into the optical fiber hole 20a, it can be understood that, in order to enable the measurement optical fiber 30 to be better matched with the optical fiber hole 20a on the support 20, a UPC connector is adopted for a connector of the measurement optical fiber 30, and the size of the optical fiber hole 20a formed in the support 20 is determined according to the fiber core length and the fiber diameter of the measurement optical fiber 30, meanwhile, a light source used by the doppler shift velocity measurement system 50 is a laser with a wavelength of 1550nm, the doppler shift velocity measurement system 50 further includes a laser emission system and a return light receiving system, the laser emission system is used for emitting a laser with a wavelength of 1550nm, the return light receiving system is used for transmitting return light amplitude information of a detected rear interface of the solid sample a or the powder sample b to the oscilloscope 60, and the oscilloscope 60 records a return light amplitude signal in the whole experiment process.
In addition, in practical implementation, the plurality of fiber holes 20a formed in the holder 20 need to correspond to the rear interfaces of the peaks and valleys at different thicknesses of the solid sample a or the powder sample b in the curved corrugated structure of the solid sample a or the powder sample b, respectively.
For example, referring to fig. 4 or fig. 8, in the present embodiment, eighteen optical fiber holes 20a are formed in the bracket 20, and correspond to eighteen channels of the measurement optical fibers 30, at this time, the optical fiber holes 20a are distributed in a rectangular array; in the context shown in fig. 1 or fig. 6, six optical fiber holes 20a located on the same vertical line respectively correspond to the peaks or the valleys of the curved corrugated structure of the solid sample a or the powder sample b, and in the context shown in fig. 2 or fig. 7, three optical fiber holes 20a located on the same horizontal line correspond to one peak and two valleys of the curved corrugated structure of the solid sample a or the powder sample b. It should be noted that in practical implementation, it is necessary to reasonably control the thickness of the support 20 to ensure that the distance between the end of the measuring optical fiber 30 and the rear interface of the solid sample a or the powder sample b is constant, so as to ensure the best light return effect.
On the other hand, the embodiment provides an experimental method for measuring the wavefront evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the material, which adopts the above experimental apparatus for measuring the wavefront evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the material, and the experimental method includes the following steps:
s1, preparing an experimental sample;
when the experimental sample is a solid sample a, processing the front interface of the solid sample a (i.e. the side of the solid sample a, which is positioned in the target disc base 10 and faces the target disc notch 10 b) into a curved corrugated structure; processing the rear interface of the solid sample a (i.e. the side of the solid sample a which is positioned in the target plate base 10 and faces the support 20) into a step-shaped structure;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample b, putting the powder sample b into a pressing device for pressing and forming so that the shape of the powder sample b is the same as that of the solid sample a, and plating a uniform aluminum foil 70 on one side surface (namely the rear interface of the powder sample b) of the powder sample b in a step-shaped structure;
s2, placing an experimental sample;
when the experimental sample is a solid sample a, placing the solid sample a in the sample accommodating groove 10a of the target disc base 10, and making the front interface of the solid sample a face the target disc notch 10b of the target disc base 10, then installing the bracket 20, and making the solid sample a be located in the sample accommodating groove 10a formed by the bracket 20 and the target disc base 10, so as to ensure that the front end surface of the bracket 20 is in close contact with the rear interface of the solid sample a;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample b, placing the powder sample b which is formed by pressing into the sample accommodating groove 10a of the target disc base 10, and making the front interface of the powder sample b face the target disc notch 10b of the target disc base 10, then installing the bracket 20, so that the powder sample b is positioned in the sample accommodating groove 10a formed by the bracket 20 and the target disc base 10, and the aluminum foil 70 is positioned on the side of the powder sample b far away from the target disc notch 10b, so as to ensure that the front end surface of the bracket 20 is tightly contacted with the aluminum foil 70 on the rear interface of the powder sample b;
s3, mounting a target disc base 10;
mounting the target disk base 10 on a target frame of the light gas gun, and enabling a target disk gap 10b of the target disk base 10 to be opposite to a flyer of the light gas gun;
s4, connecting a measurement system;
one end of a measuring optical fiber 30 is inserted into an optical fiber hole 20a arranged on the bracket 20, the other end of the measuring optical fiber 30 is connected with a Doppler displacement velocity measurement system 50, and the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system 50 is connected with an oscilloscope 60;
s5, measuring;
the method comprises the steps of launching a flyer by a light gas gun, generating disturbance shock waves in an experimental sample by utilizing a curved corrugated structure of the flyer high-speed impact experimental sample, obtaining a change rule of particle speed of a rear interface of the sample along with time by utilizing a frequency spectrum signal in the movement process of the rear interface of the measured sample and utilizing methods such as Fourier transform and the like, further describing the evolution process of a shock wave front, further selecting continuous pressure points for multiple measurements, and analyzing the phase change of the measured experimental sample by utilizing the quantitative relation between the particle speed and the pressure.
Examples of the experiments
In the actual measurement experiment, the metallic aluminum is used as an experimental sample, and is processed into a specific shape (namely, the front interface is in a curved corrugated structure, and the rear interface is in a step-shaped structure) so as to meet the requirements of an experimental device. The experimental device is fixed on a target frame of a light gas gun, an experimental sample is impacted by an aluminum flyer at a high speed, and the speed of the flyer is 1.51km/s in the actual measurement process. In the actual measurement experiment, a graph of an experimental signal measured by one of the measurement fibers 30 is shown in fig. 10, and fig. 10 is a graph of a spectrum signal of a rear interface of an experimental sample corresponding to the measurement fiber 30, and the time corresponding to the disturbance shock wave reaching the interface can be determined through the graph.
To further process the spectral signal diagram shown in fig. 10, a mathematical transformation using fourier transform is required. The Fourier transform relation is:
in the formula: w is the transform frequency, which is the transformed function variable; t is the transformation time, which is the function variable of the original function;e -iwt is a complex variable function;φrepresents a fourier transform; dt represents the differential; function(s)F(w) Is a function off（t) The fourier transform of (a) the signal,f（t) Is composed ofF(w) The inverse fourier transform of (d).
The fourier transform can be used to obtain the time-dependent interface frequency of the experimental sample, as shown in fig. 11. The time-dependent change in particle velocity at the interface behind the test sample can be derived using fig. 11. And comparing the measurement results under a plurality of pressure values, and analyzing the phase change of the experimental sample.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental device for measuring the evolution of a wave front of a disturbance shock wave in a material, which is used for measuring the evolution process of the wave front of the disturbance shock wave in an experimental sample, and is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a target disc base, a sample storage tank, a target disc notch and a sample storage tank, wherein the sample storage tank is arranged on the target disc base;
the experimental sample is placed in the sample accommodating groove, and the front interface of the experimental sample is of a curved corrugated structure and faces to a target disc gap of the target disc base;
the bracket is fixed at the rear end of the experimental sample, the front end face of the bracket is in contact with the rear interface of the experimental sample, and the bracket is provided with an optical fiber hole;
the rear interface of the experimental sample is of a stepped structure, the front end face of the bracket is also of a stepped structure, and the stepped structure of the front end face of the bracket is matched with the stepped structure of the rear interface of the experimental sample;
the bracket is in close contact with a rear interface of an experimental sample through a stepped structure of the front end face and is fixed at the rear end of the experimental sample;
the fixed rear seat is arranged at one end of the target disc base, which is far away from the target disc gap, the front end surface of the fixed rear seat is contacted with the rear end surface of the bracket, and the fixed rear seat is detachably connected with the target disc base;
the measurement system comprises a measurement optical fiber, a Doppler displacement velocity measurement system and an oscilloscope, wherein one end of the measurement optical fiber is connected with an optical fiber hole in the support, the other end of the measurement optical fiber is connected with the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system, the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system is connected with the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is used for recording the motion process of the rear interface of the experimental sample in the experimental process.
2. The experimental apparatus for measuring the wavefront evolution of a perturbed shock wave in a material according to claim 1, wherein said experimental sample is a solid sample or a powder sample;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample, the surface of one side of the powder sample in a stepped structure is plated with an aluminum foil, and the support is in close contact with the aluminum foil on the rear interface of the powder sample through the stepped structure on the front end face.
3. The experimental apparatus for measuring the wavefront evolution of a perturbed shock wave in a material according to claim 2, wherein when said experimental sample is a powder sample, the experimental apparatus further comprises a pressing device, said pressing device comprising:
the pressing seat is provided with a pressing cavity, and the pressing cavity penetrates through the top of the pressing seat;
the forming die is arranged at the inner bottom of the pressing cavity, and the top of the forming die is of a curved surface corrugated structure; and the number of the first and second groups,
the bottom of the press anvil is of a stepped structure, and the press anvil is matched with the pressing cavity.
4. The experimental device for measuring the wavefront evolution of the disturbance shock wave in the material according to claim 1, wherein the bracket is provided with a plurality of optical fiber holes, the measuring optical fibers correspond to the optical fiber holes one by one, and one end of each measuring optical fiber connected with the bracket extends into the corresponding optical fiber hole;
the plurality of optical fiber holes respectively correspond to the rear interfaces of wave crests and wave troughs in the curved surface corrugated structure at different thicknesses of the experimental sample.
5. The experimental apparatus for measuring the wavefront evolution of a turbulent shock wave in a material according to claim 1, wherein the joint of the measuring optical fiber is a UPC joint, and the light source used by the doppler shift velocimetry system is a laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm.
6. An experimental method for measuring the wavefront evolution of a disturbed shock wave in a material, which adopts the experimental device for measuring the wavefront evolution of the disturbed shock wave in the material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing an experimental sample;
when the experimental sample is a solid sample, processing the front interface of the solid sample into a curved corrugated structure, and processing the rear interface of the solid sample into a stepped structure;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample, putting the powder sample into a pressing device for pressing and forming, ensuring that the shape of the powder sample is the same as that of a solid sample, and plating a uniform aluminum foil on the surface of one side of the powder sample in a stepped structure;
s2, placing an experimental sample;
when the experimental sample is a solid sample, placing the solid sample in a sample accommodating groove of a target disc base, enabling a front interface of the solid sample to face a target disc notch of the target disc base, and then installing the bracket to ensure that the front end surface of the bracket is in close contact with a rear interface of the solid sample;
when the experimental sample is a powder sample, placing the powder sample in a sample accommodating groove of a target disc base, enabling the front interface of the powder sample to face a target disc notch of the target disc base, and then installing the bracket to ensure that the front end surface of the bracket is in close contact with an aluminum foil of the rear interface of the powder sample;
after the experimental sample and the support are installed, installing the fixed rear seat, and ensuring that the front end face of the fixed rear seat is in close contact with the rear end face of the support;
s3, mounting a target disc base;
mounting the target disc base on a target frame of the light gas gun, and enabling a target disc notch of the target disc base to be opposite to a flyer of the light gas gun;
s4, connecting a measurement system;
inserting one end of the measuring optical fiber into an optical fiber hole corresponding to the bracket, connecting the other end of the measuring optical fiber with a Doppler displacement velocity measurement system, and connecting the Doppler displacement velocity measurement system with an oscilloscope;
s5, measuring;
the light gas gun launching flyer uses the curved surface corrugated structure of the experimental sample impacted by the flyer to generate disturbance shock waves in the experimental sample, then uses the frequency spectrum signal in the movement process of the rear interface of the measured sample and the Fourier transform method to obtain the change rule of the particle speed of the rear interface of the sample along with time, so as to further draw the evolution process of the shock wave front, further selects continuous pressure points to measure for multiple times, and uses the quantitative relation between the particle speed and the pressure to analyze the phase change of the experimental sample to be measured.
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