CN115653713A - Thermal mass energy storage device based on heat pump cycle and control method - Google Patents
Thermal mass energy storage device based on heat pump cycle and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置及控制方法，该装置包括储能压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、释能透平、释能冷却器、储能换热器、储冷罐、释能换热器、高温存储罐、低温存储罐和热泵系统等；该方法利用电网中的多余电能压缩热质进行压力能及热能储存，在用电高峰期完成释能过程，实现储能装置循环及电网调峰作用。本发明储能装置中设置热泵系统以提升释能透平进口温度，从而提升透平的做功能力，实现电能向机械能的高效转化；同时设置分流换热系统有效提升储能装置中蒸发器与冷凝器的换热效率，有利于蒸发器和冷凝器的小型化，降低装置成本。本发明可以有效减少储能和释能过程中的能量浪费，进行高效的热电存储及转化，提升能量存储效率。
The invention discloses a thermal mass energy storage device and a control method based on a heat pump cycle. The device includes an energy storage compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an energy release turbine, an energy release cooler, an energy storage heat exchanger, an energy storage Cold tanks, energy release heat exchangers, high temperature storage tanks, low temperature storage tanks and heat pump systems, etc.; this method uses excess electric energy in the power grid to compress thermal mass for pressure energy and thermal energy storage, and completes the energy release process during the peak period of electricity consumption, realizing Energy storage device circulation and power grid peak regulation. A heat pump system is set in the energy storage device of the present invention to increase the inlet temperature of the energy-releasing turbine, thereby increasing the working capacity of the turbine and realizing the efficient conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy; at the same time, a shunt heat exchange system is provided to effectively improve the evaporator and the energy storage device. The heat exchange efficiency of the condenser is conducive to the miniaturization of the evaporator and the condenser, and reduces the cost of the device. The invention can effectively reduce energy waste in the process of energy storage and energy release, perform efficient thermoelectric storage and conversion, and improve energy storage efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于调峰储能装置及控制技术领域，特别涉及一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置及控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of peak regulation energy storage devices and control, and in particular relates to a thermal mass energy storage device and a control method based on a heat pump cycle.
背景技术Background technique
随着对于清洁能源的需求量越来越高，大力开发太阳能、风能、潮汐能等新型能源以减缓传统化石能源消耗成为必然选择。如今常用的清洁能源具有间歇性与波动性等特点，需要火电机组调峰配合，但长期处于非额定工况下运行会对机组造成很大伤害，并且直接并网也会对电网造成一定的冲击，同时用户用电高峰期与清洁能源发电高峰很难保持一致。With the increasing demand for clean energy, it is an inevitable choice to vigorously develop new energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy to slow down the consumption of traditional fossil energy. Nowadays, the commonly used clean energy has the characteristics of intermittent and fluctuating characteristics, which require the thermal power unit to cooperate with peak regulation, but long-term operation under non-rated working conditions will cause great damage to the unit, and direct grid connection will also cause a certain impact on the power grid At the same time, it is difficult to keep the peak period of user electricity consumption consistent with the peak period of clean energy power generation.
储能技术是未来能源领域的重点研究方向之一，储能系统通常使用介质或设备把电能存储起来并在需要时进行释放，有利于电网系统调峰的储能技术包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能和电化学储能等，但抽水蓄能应用必须配备上下游两个水库，所以会对选址产生极大的限制，且建设工期长，工程投资较大；压缩空气储能需要将高压空气储存到地下矿井或者溶岩洞穴中，存在建造周期长、压缩空气易泄露等问题；电化学储能存在规模等级限制等问题。同时，一种基于二氧化碳循环的热电储能系统逐渐发展，在用电低谷时，将二氧化碳压缩储存，在用电高峰时膨胀做功释能。然而以上循环在储能和释能过程中存在较多的能量浪费，影响整体系统的储能效率。Energy storage technology is one of the key research directions in the future energy field. Energy storage systems usually use media or equipment to store electrical energy and release it when needed. Energy storage technologies that are beneficial to power grid system peak regulation include pumped energy storage, compressed air Energy storage and electrochemical energy storage, etc., but pumped storage applications must be equipped with two reservoirs upstream and downstream, so there will be great restrictions on site selection, and the construction period is long and the project investment is large; compressed air energy storage requires high-pressure Air is stored in underground mines or lava caves, which has problems such as long construction period and easy leakage of compressed air; electrochemical energy storage has problems such as scale and grade restrictions. At the same time, a thermoelectric energy storage system based on the carbon dioxide cycle is gradually developed. When the electricity consumption is low, the carbon dioxide is compressed and stored, and when the electricity consumption is peak, it is expanded to perform work and release energy. However, there is a lot of energy waste in the process of energy storage and energy release in the above cycle, which affects the energy storage efficiency of the overall system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述储能系统存在的问题，本发明提供了一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置及控制方法，通过装置中的热泵系统和分流换热系统可以有效减少储能和释能过程的能量浪费，提升能量存储效率，减少系统运行成本。In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned energy storage system, the present invention provides a thermal mass energy storage device and a control method based on a heat pump cycle, through which the heat pump system and the shunt heat exchange system in the device can effectively reduce the energy in the process of energy storage and energy release Waste, improve energy storage efficiency, and reduce system operating costs.
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的：The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置，包括储气单元、第一储能压缩机、第二储能压缩机、冷凝器、储液单元、蒸发器、第一释能透平、第二释能透平、释能冷却器、第一储能换热器、第二储能换热器、储冷罐、第一释能换热器、第二释能换热器、储热罐、第一高温存储罐、第二高温存储罐、低温存储罐和热泵系统，热泵系统包括压缩机、膨胀阀、热泵第一换热器和热泵第二换热器，储气单元用于储存常压气态的热质，储液单元用于储存高压液态的热质；A thermal mass energy storage device based on a heat pump cycle, comprising a gas storage unit, a first energy storage compressor, a second energy storage compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage unit, an evaporator, a first energy release turbine, a second energy storage Energy release turbine, energy release cooler, first energy storage heat exchanger, second energy storage heat exchanger, cold storage tank, first energy release heat exchanger, second energy release heat exchanger, heat storage tank, The first high-temperature storage tank, the second high-temperature storage tank, the low-temperature storage tank and the heat pump system. The heat pump system includes a compressor, an expansion valve, a heat pump first heat exchanger, and a heat pump second heat exchanger. The gas storage unit is used to store atmospheric pressure The gaseous thermal mass, the liquid storage unit is used to store the high-pressure liquid thermal mass;
第一储能压缩机入口与储气单元相连，出口连接至第一储能换热器，第一储能换热器出口与第二储能压缩机入口相连，依次通过第二储能压缩机与第二储能换热器相连，第二储能换热器出口与冷凝器相连，冷凝器出口连接至储液单元；The inlet of the first energy storage compressor is connected to the gas storage unit, the outlet is connected to the first energy storage heat exchanger, the outlet of the first energy storage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second energy storage compressor, and the air passes through the second energy storage compressor in turn. Connected to the second energy storage heat exchanger, the outlet of the second energy storage heat exchanger is connected to the condenser, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the liquid storage unit;
储冷罐出口通过换热介质第一循环泵分别连接至第一储能换热器与第二储能换热器入口，第一储能换热器和第二储能换热器出口均连接至热泵第一换热器入口，热泵第一换热器出口连接至储热罐；The outlet of the cold storage tank is respectively connected to the inlet of the first energy storage heat exchanger and the second energy storage heat exchanger through the first circulation pump of the heat exchange medium, and the outlets of the first energy storage heat exchanger and the second energy storage heat exchanger are both connected To the inlet of the first heat exchanger of the heat pump, the outlet of the first heat exchanger of the heat pump is connected to the heat storage tank;
储液单元出口通过蒸发器与第一释能换热器入口相连，第一释能换热器出口连接至第一释能透平入口，第一释能透平出口与第二释能换热器入口相连，依次通过第二释能换热器与第二释能透平，第二释能透平出口与释能冷却器相连，释能冷却器出口连回至储气单元；The outlet of the liquid storage unit is connected to the inlet of the first energy release heat exchanger through the evaporator, the outlet of the first energy release heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first energy release turbine, and the outlet of the first energy release turbine exchanges heat with the second energy release The inlet of the energy release device is connected to the second energy release turbine in turn through the second energy release heat exchanger, the outlet of the second energy release turbine is connected to the energy release cooler, and the outlet of the energy release cooler is connected back to the gas storage unit;
储热罐出口通过换热介质第二循环泵分别连接至第一释能换热器与第二释能换热器入口，第一释能换热器和第二释能换热器出口均连接至热泵第二换热器入口，热泵第二换热器出口连接至储冷罐；The outlet of the heat storage tank is respectively connected to the inlet of the first energy release heat exchanger and the second energy release heat exchanger through the second circulation pump of the heat exchange medium, and the outlets of the first energy release heat exchanger and the second energy release heat exchanger are both connected To the inlet of the second heat exchanger of the heat pump, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger of the heat pump is connected to the cold storage tank;
热泵系统中的工质依次通过压缩机、热泵第一换热器、膨胀阀、热泵第二换热器完成循环过程；The working fluid in the heat pump system passes through the compressor, the first heat exchanger of the heat pump, the expansion valve, and the second heat exchanger of the heat pump to complete the cycle process;
压缩机用于对热泵工质进行压缩，提升其温度，在流经热泵第一换热器时对即将进入储热罐中的储热工质进行加热，热泵工质随后通过膨胀阀，温度压力均降低，通过热泵第二换热器冷却即将进入储冷罐中的储热工质，增加存入储冷罐的冷能；The compressor is used to compress the heat pump working fluid, increase its temperature, and heat the heat storage working medium that is about to enter the heat storage tank when it flows through the first heat exchanger of the heat pump. The heat pump working fluid then passes through the expansion valve, and the temperature and pressure Both are reduced, and the heat storage working medium that is about to enter the cold storage tank is cooled by the second heat exchanger of the heat pump, and the cold energy stored in the cold storage tank is increased;
第一高温存储罐、第二高温存储罐和低温存储罐分别连接在冷凝器和蒸发器之间。The first high temperature storage tank, the second high temperature storage tank and the low temperature storage tank are respectively connected between the condenser and the evaporator.
本发明进一步的改进在于，一部分换热工质在冷凝器与蒸发器中段的位置处分流进入第二高温存储罐，剩余换热工质流过冷凝器与蒸发器的全程再进入第一高温存储罐。The further improvement of the present invention is that a part of the heat exchange working fluid is diverted into the second high temperature storage tank at the position of the middle section of the condenser and the evaporator, and the remaining heat exchange working medium flows through the whole process of the condenser and the evaporator and then enters the first high temperature storage tank. Can.
本发明进一步的改进在于，热质为二氧化碳。A further improvement of the present invention is that the thermal mass is carbon dioxide.
本发明进一步的改进在于，热泵系统中的工质为R245fa。A further improvement of the present invention is that the working fluid in the heat pump system is R245fa.
本发明进一步的改进在于，第一储能压缩机通过第一电动机驱动，第二储能压缩机通过第二电动机驱动。A further improvement of the present invention is that the first energy storage compressor is driven by a first electric motor, and the second energy storage compressor is driven by a second electric motor.
本发明进一步的改进在于，压缩机通过第三电动机驱动。A further improvement of the invention is that the compressor is driven by a third electric motor.
本发明进一步的改进在于，第一释能透平用于驱动第一发电机发电，第二释能透平用于驱动第二发电机发电。A further improvement of the present invention is that the first energy release turbine is used to drive the first generator to generate electricity, and the second energy release turbine is used to drive the second generator to generate electricity.
本发明进一步的改进在于，第一储能压缩机入口与储气单元相连的管道上设置有第一阀门，储液单元出口通过第二阀门和蒸发器与第一释能换热器入口相连，低温存储罐的出口处设置有第三阀门，第二高温存储罐的出口处设置有第四阀门，第一高温存储罐的出口处设置有第五阀门，通过换热介质第二循环泵的出口处设置有第六阀门，换热介质第一循环泵的出口处设置有第七阀门。A further improvement of the present invention is that a first valve is provided on the pipeline connecting the inlet of the first energy storage compressor to the gas storage unit, and the outlet of the liquid storage unit is connected to the inlet of the first energy release heat exchanger through the second valve and the evaporator, The outlet of the low-temperature storage tank is provided with a third valve, the outlet of the second high-temperature storage tank is provided with a fourth valve, and the outlet of the first high-temperature storage tank is provided with a fifth valve. A sixth valve is set at the outlet of the heat exchange medium first circulation pump, and a seventh valve is set at the outlet of the heat exchange medium first circulation pump.
一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置的控制方法，包括：A control method for a heat-mass energy storage device based on a heat pump cycle, comprising:
当用户处于用电低谷时，打开第一阀门、第三阀门和第七阀门，关闭第二阀门、第四阀门、第五阀门和第六阀门，储能部分进行工作：气态的热质经第一储能压缩机压缩后进入第一储能换热器，传递热量至储热介质存储后，热质继续进入第二储能压缩机和第二储能换热器再次升压并将热量传递给储热介质；储热介质在热泵第一换热器中吸热后进入储热罐；此后热质进入冷凝器，气相的热质放热冷凝转化为液态，释放的热量由换热工质吸收，液态的热质随后储存到储液单元中；驱动压缩机的第一电动机与第二电动机由生产的多余电能驱动，经储能过程转化为压力能与热能；When the user is in a low power consumption, open the first valve, the third valve and the seventh valve, close the second valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve and the sixth valve, and the energy storage part will work: the heat mass in the gaseous state will pass through the second valve After being compressed by an energy storage compressor, it enters the first energy storage heat exchanger, transfers heat to the heat storage medium for storage, and then the thermal mass continues to enter the second energy storage compressor and the second energy storage heat exchanger to boost the pressure again and transfer heat To the heat storage medium; the heat storage medium enters the heat storage tank after absorbing heat in the first heat exchanger of the heat pump; after that, the heat mass enters the condenser, and the heat mass in the gas phase exothermicly condenses and transforms into a liquid state, and the released heat is transferred from the heat exchange working medium Absorption, the liquid heat mass is then stored in the liquid storage unit; the first motor and the second motor driving the compressor are driven by the excess electric energy produced, and converted into pressure energy and heat energy through the energy storage process;
当用户处于用电高峰时，打开第二阀门、第四阀门、第五阀门和第六阀门，关闭第一阀门、第三阀门和第七阀门，释能部分进行工作：液态热质在蒸发器中吸收换热工质中热量转化为气态，进入第一释能换热器吸热升温后进入第一释能透平释能做功，随后进入第二释能换热器完成再热过程后进入第二释能透平释能，释能后的气态热质在释能冷却器中冷却降温，储存到储气单元中；释能透平拖动的第一发电机与第二发电机发电，先前存储的压力能和热能经释能过程转化为电能；When the user is at the peak of electricity consumption, open the second valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve and the sixth valve, close the first valve, the third valve and the seventh valve, and the energy release part works: the liquid heat mass in the evaporator The heat in the heat-absorbing heat-exchanging medium is converted into a gaseous state, enters the first energy-releasing heat exchanger to absorb heat and heat up, then enters the first energy-releasing turbine to release energy to do work, and then enters the second energy-releasing heat exchanger to complete the reheating process and then enters The second energy release turbine releases energy, and the gaseous heat mass after energy release is cooled in the energy release cooler and stored in the gas storage unit; the first generator driven by the energy release turbine and the second generator generate electricity, The previously stored pressure energy and heat energy are converted into electrical energy through the energy release process;
热泵系统由第三电动机供给能量，拖动压缩机压缩热泵工质，高温热泵工质在热泵第一换热器中将热量传递给即将进入储热罐中的储热工质，使得储热罐中存储的热量更多，储热工质再经由第一释能换热器与第二释能换热器将热量传递给热质，提升释能透平的进口温度，提高做功能力；换热后的热泵工质流经膨胀阀降温减压，通过热泵第二换热器吸收储热工质中热量，使得进入储冷罐中工质的温度更低，利于在第一储能换热器和第二储能换热器吸收热质热量，将热量存储起来。The heat pump system is powered by the third motor, which drives the compressor to compress the heat pump working fluid. The high-temperature heat pump working medium transfers heat to the heat storage medium that will enter the heat storage tank in the first heat exchanger of the heat pump, so that the heat storage tank There is more heat stored in the medium, and the heat storage working medium transfers heat to the heat mass through the first energy release heat exchanger and the second energy release heat exchanger, which increases the inlet temperature of the energy release turbine and improves the working capacity; The heated heat pump working fluid flows through the expansion valve to cool down and reduce pressure, and absorbs the heat in the heat storage medium through the second heat exchanger of the heat pump, so that the temperature of the working medium entering the cold storage tank is lower, which is beneficial to heat exchange in the first energy storage The heat exchanger and the second energy storage heat exchanger absorb the thermal mass heat and store the heat.
本发明至少具有如下有益的技术效果：The present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1、本发明提供一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置及控制方法，装置中的热泵系统可以利用工质压缩产生的热能及电网中多余电能有效提高释能透平的入口温度，提升透平的做功能力，实现电能向机械能的高效转化。1. The present invention provides a thermal mass energy storage device and control method based on a heat pump cycle. The heat pump system in the device can use the heat energy generated by the compression of the working fluid and the excess electric energy in the power grid to effectively increase the inlet temperature of the energy-releasing turbine and increase the turbine Flat working ability to realize efficient conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy.
2、本发明提供一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置及控制方法，装置中的分流换热系统针对相变前后有着不同传热特性的热质采用不同温度的换热工质，有效提升储能装置中蒸发器与冷凝器的换热效率，有利于蒸发器和冷凝器的小型化，提高经济效益。2. The present invention provides a thermal mass energy storage device and control method based on a heat pump cycle. The split heat exchange system in the device adopts heat transfer fluids of different temperatures for thermal mass with different heat transfer characteristics before and after the phase change, effectively improving The heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator and the condenser in the energy storage device is conducive to the miniaturization of the evaporator and the condenser, and improves economic benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍；显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art; obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are For some embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.
图1是本发明实施例的一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal mass energy storage device based on a heat pump cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
1、储气单元；2、第一储能压缩机；3、第二储能压缩机；4、冷凝器；5、储液单元；6、蒸发器；7、第一释能透平；8、第二释能透平；9、释能冷却器；10、第一储能换热器；11、第二储能换热器；12、储冷罐；13、第一释能换热器；14、第二释能换热器；15、储热罐；16、第一高温存储罐；17、第二高温存储罐；18、低温存储罐；19、压缩机；20、膨胀阀；21、热泵第一换热器；22、热泵第二换热器；23、换热介质第一循环泵；24、换热介质第二循环泵。1. Gas storage unit; 2. First energy storage compressor; 3. Second energy storage compressor; 4. Condenser; 5. Liquid storage unit; 6. Evaporator; 7. First energy release turbine; 8 , the second energy release turbine; 9, the energy release cooler; 10, the first energy storage heat exchanger; 11, the second energy storage heat exchanger; 12, the cold storage tank; 13, the first energy release heat exchanger ; 14, the second energy release heat exchanger; 15, heat storage tank; 16, the first high temperature storage tank; 17, the second high temperature storage tank; 18, low temperature storage tank; 19, compressor; 20, expansion valve; 21 1. The first heat exchanger of the heat pump; 22. The second heat exchanger of the heat pump; 23. The first circulation pump of the heat exchange medium; 24. The second circulation pump of the heat exchange medium.
101、第一阀门；102、第二阀门；103、第三阀门；104、第四阀门；105、第五阀门；106、第六阀门；107、第七阀门。101, the first valve; 102, the second valve; 103, the third valve; 104, the fourth valve; 105, the fifth valve; 106, the sixth valve; 107, the seventh valve.
201、第一电动机；202、第二电动机；203、第一发电机；204、第二发电机；205、第三电动机。201, the first motor; 202, the second motor; 203, the first generator; 204, the second generator; 205, the third motor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术效果及技术方案更加清楚，下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述；显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例。基于本发明公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其它实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical effects and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiment of the present invention. Based on the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1，本发明实施例的一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置，包括：储气单元1、第一储能压缩机2、第二储能压缩机3、冷凝器4、储液单元5、蒸发器6、第一释能透平7、第二释能透平8、释能冷却器9、第一储能换热器10、第二储能换热器11、储冷罐12、第一释能换热器13、第二释能换热器14、储热罐15、第一高温存储罐16、第二高温存储罐17、低温存储罐18、压缩机19、膨胀阀20、热泵第一换热器21和热泵第二换热器22。储气单元1用于储存常压气态的热质，储液单元5用于储存高压液态的热质。Please refer to Fig. 1, a thermal mass energy storage device based on a heat pump cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: a gas storage unit 1, a first
第一储能压缩机2入口与储气单元1相连，出口连接至第一储能换热器10，第一储能换热器10出口与第二储能压缩机3入口相连，依次通过第二储能压缩机3与第二储能换热器11相连。第二储能换热器11出口与冷凝器4相连，冷凝器4出口连接至储液单元5。以上部件完成储存压力能过程。The inlet of the first
储冷罐12出口通过换热介质第一循环泵23分别连接至第一储能换热器10与第二储能换热器11入口，第一储能换热器10和第二储能换热器11出口均连接至热泵第一换热器21入口，热泵第一换热器21出口连接至储热罐15。以上部件完成储存热能过程。The outlet of the
储液单元5出口通过蒸发器6与第一释能换热器13入口相连，第一释能换热器13出口连接至第一释能透平7入口，第一释能透平7出口与第二释能换热器14入口相连，依次通过第二释能换热器14与第二释能透平8。第二释能透平8出口与释能冷却器9相连，释能冷却器9出口连回至储气单元1。上述部件完成释放压力能过程。The outlet of the liquid storage unit 5 is connected to the inlet of the first energy
储热罐15出口通过换热介质第二循环泵24分别连接至第一释能换热器13与第二释能换热器14入口，第一释能换热器13和第二释能换热器14出口均连接至热泵第二换热器22入口，热泵第二换热器22出口连接至储冷罐12。上述部件完成释放热能过程。The outlet of the
热泵系统组件包括：压缩机19、膨胀阀20、热泵第一换热器21、热泵第二换热器22、第三电动机205。热泵系统中的工质依次通过压缩机19、热泵第一换热器21、膨胀阀20、热泵第二换热器22完成循环过程。The heat pump system components include: a
热泵系统中第三电动机205带动压缩机19对热泵工质进行压缩，提升其温度，在流经热泵第一换热器21时对即将进入储热罐15中的储热工质进行加热，增加存入储热罐15的热能。热泵工质随后通过膨胀阀20，温度压力均降低，通过热泵第二换热器22冷却即将进入储冷罐12中的储热工质，增加存入储冷罐12的冷能。In the heat pump system, the
由冷凝器4、蒸发器6、第一高温存储罐16、第二高温存储罐17、低温存储罐18主要组成的分流换热系统能够有效回收利用热质的相变潜热，提升冷凝器4与蒸发器6中的换热效率，减小冷凝器4、蒸发器6的体积。分流换热系统中的一部分换热工质在冷凝器4与蒸发器6中段的位置处分流进入第二高温存储罐17，剩余换热工质流过冷凝器4与蒸发器6的全程再进入第一高温存储罐16。The shunt heat exchange system mainly composed of the condenser 4, the evaporator 6, the first high-
优选的，使用二氧化碳作为热质。气态二氧化碳便于存储，储气单元1的加工制造较为简单，同时转化为液体的二氧化碳密度显著增大，有效避免了配置大量高压储液单元5带来的成本问题。Preferably, carbon dioxide is used as heat mass. Gaseous carbon dioxide is easy to store, and the processing and manufacturing of the gas storage unit 1 is relatively simple. At the same time, the density of the carbon dioxide converted into liquid is significantly increased, effectively avoiding the cost problem caused by the configuration of a large number of high-pressure liquid storage units 5 .
优选的，使用R245fa作为热泵系统的循环工质。这种工质具有更低的沸点相较于水，且有着足够高的临界温度。Preferably, R245fa is used as the circulating working fluid of the heat pump system. This working fluid has a lower boiling point than water and has a sufficiently high critical temperature.
本发明实施例的一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置的控制方法，具体包括以下步骤：A control method of a thermal mass energy storage device based on a heat pump cycle in an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
当用户处于用电低谷时，打开第一阀门101、第三阀门103、第七阀门107，关闭第二阀门102、第四阀门104、第五阀门105、第六阀门106，一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置的储能部分进行工作：气态的热质经第一储能压缩机2压缩后进入第一储能换热器10，传递热量至储热介质存储后，热质继续进入第二储能压缩机3和第二储能换热器11再次升压并将热量传递给储热介质；储热介质在热泵第一换热器21中吸热后进入储热罐15。此后热质进入冷凝器4，气相的热质放热冷凝转化为液态，释放的热量由换热工质吸收，液态的热质随后储存到储液单元5中。驱动压缩机的第一电动机201与第二电动机202由生产的多余电能驱动，经储能过程转化为压力能与热能。When the user is in low electricity consumption, open the
当用户处于用电高峰时，打开第二阀门102、第四阀门104、第五阀门105、第六阀门106，关闭第一阀门101、第三阀门103、第七阀门107，一种基于热泵循环的热质储能装置的释能部分进行工作：液态热质在蒸发器6中吸收换热工质中热量转化为气态，进入第一释能换热器13吸热升温后进入第一释能透平7释能做功，随后进入第二释能换热器14完成再热过程后进入第二释能透平8释能，释能后的气态热质在释能冷却器9中冷却降温，储存到储气单元1中。释能透平拖动的第一发电机203与第二发电机204发电，先前存储的压力能和热能经释能过程转化为电能。When the user is at the peak of electricity consumption, open the
热泵系统由第三电动机205供给能量，拖动压缩机19压缩热泵工质，高温热泵工质在热泵第一换热器21中将热量传递给即将进入储热罐15中的储热工质，使得储热罐15中存储的热量更多，储热工质再经由第一释能换热器13与第二释能换热器14将热量传递给热质，提升释能透平的进口温度，提高做功能力；换热后的热泵工质流经膨胀阀20降温减压，通过热泵第二换热器22吸收储热工质中热量，使得进入储冷罐12中工质的温度更低，更加利于在第一储能换热器10和第二储能换热器11吸收热质热量，将热量存储起来。利用热泵系统使得整个储能装置的储能效率更高。The heat pump system is supplied with energy by the
分流换热系统解决了分开布置的冷凝器4和蒸发器6中产生的能量难以回收利用问题，相较于传统的相变换热器能够有效缓解热质发生相变后传热物性发生变化时换热效果减弱的问题。采取分流换热后，冷凝器4和蒸发器6中工质相变前后匹配的换热量不同，可以有效提升换热效果，使得冷凝器4和蒸发器6的布置更加紧凑。The split heat exchange system solves the problem that the energy generated in the separately arranged condenser 4 and evaporator 6 is difficult to recycle and utilize. Compared with the traditional phase change heat exchanger, it can effectively alleviate the heat transfer when the heat mass undergoes a phase change. The problem of weakened heat transfer effect. After the split heat exchange is adopted, the matching heat transfer amounts before and after the phase change of the working medium in the condenser 4 and the evaporator 6 are different, which can effectively improve the heat exchange effect and make the arrangement of the condenser 4 and the evaporator 6 more compact.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can still modify or equivalently replace the specific embodiments of the present invention. , any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention pending application.
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