CN115652045A - Preparation method of high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer head, wherein a vacuum furnace is used for pressurizing and smelting to manufacture a Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer head casting, and a multi-phase nano microstructure structure consisting of a strengthening phase and a toughening phase is obtained by adopting the pre-uniform heat treatment and the quenching step-by-step distribution combined heat treatment process steps consisting of double-temperature austenitizing, controlled cooling, quenching and progressive distribution isothermal, so that the impact toughness of the crusher hammer head is greatly improved while the hardness and the wear resistance of the crusher hammer head are improved. The pulverizer hammer head prepared by the method can prolong the comprehensive service life and reduce or prevent the occurrence of early failure of the pulverizer hammer head.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of novel wear-resistant and impact-resistant materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-wear-resistant and impact-resistant Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer.
Background art:
the hammer crusher is widely used for crushing materials in industries such as building materials, electric power, mines, metallurgy, roads and the like. The hammer head of the crusher is a key part of the crusher and is also a quick-wear part, and the demand is huge. For example, in China, the consumption of steel materials of the hammer head is large and can reach millions of tons every year, and the cost exceeds billions of yuan.
Most of crusher hammers currently used in the market are manufactured by casting and molding common high manganese steel (such as M13, mn3Cr and the like), annealing, cutting and quenching (water toughening). The matrix structure is austenite, and the surface hardness is generally 240-280HB. If a common high manganese steel hammer head works under high-energy impact, and the hardness of the crushed materials is higher (such as ore, coal gangue, steel and the like), the surface of the hammer head generates a strong work hardening phenomenon. After hardening, the hardness of the working surface of the hammer head can be improved to 350-500HB. However, in the practical use process, the high stress working condition is less than 10%, most hammer heads, particularly small and medium-sized hammer heads, bear small impact stress, the hardness of crushed materials is not high, the surface hardness of the hammer heads cannot be improved through remarkable work hardening, and a hardened layer with high hardness and deep depth cannot be formed on a working surface. Therefore, the wear resistance of the common high manganese steel cannot be fully exerted, so that the wear resistance and the early failure under impact are caused, the service life is short (a few days for short and a month for long), the serious waste of resources is caused, and the equipment maintenance time and the use cost are increased.
In recent years, manufacturers and scientific research institutes at home and abroad are constantly dedicated to the research and development of novel crusher hammer materials and processes. The service life of the developed high-chromium cast iron hammer head can be improved by 1-2 times compared with that of high-manganese steel, but local brittle fracture generated under large impact load can not be avoided; recent research shows that a certain amount of vanadium and a small amount of tungsten and molybdenum elements are added in the smelting process, and the high-vanadium high-speed steel hammer prepared by a composite casting method has high wear resistance. However, the high manufacturing cost and complicated preparation process (such as the need of additional steps of rust removal and acid washing) affect the achievement of reasonable hardness and the optimal use effect in practical production.
With the continuous development of new pressurized smelting technologies (such as pre-pressing electroslag remelting, pressurized induction smelting and the like), the industrial and laboratory manufacture of high-quality nitrogen-containing alloy steel becomes possible. Research shows that when part of carbon is used to reasonably replace nitrogen, the comprehensive performances of the steel, such as hardness, toughness, corrosion resistance and the like, can be stably improved. Therefore, on the basis, the carbon-nitrogen (C-N) alloy steel is designed, a novel progressive partition isothermal heat treatment process is combined, and the hardness and the strength of the alloy steel can be greatly improved by adjusting the partition diffusion of C and N atoms and the composition and the quantity of microstructure structures, so that the alloy steel has the function of carbon-rich austenite deformation strengthening and has strain austenite induced plasticity, the wear resistance and the impact resistance of the crusher hammer are remarkably improved, the severe actual production requirements and environments of the crusher are met, and an innovative solution way is provided for prolonging the service life of the crusher hammer.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and casting: the method comprises the following steps of putting a hammer head alloy raw material into a vacuum furnace, stirring and smelting under a nitrogen atmosphere, then pouring, and casting a hammer head to form, wherein the hammer head alloy raw material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.30-0.50% by weight of C,0.2-0.5% by weight of N,2.0-2.5% of Mn,1.5-2.5% of Si,1.0-2.0% of Cr,0.1-0.2% of Mo,0.15-0.25% of Ti,0.01-0.03% of S,0.005-0.02% of P, the remainder being Fe;
s2, pre-homogenizing heat treatment: preserving the heat of the cast hammer head at 850-880 ℃, then preserving the heat at 650-680 ℃, and finally taking out and air-cooling to room temperature;
s3, double-temperature austenitizing treatment: firstly, placing the preheated hammer head at 800-860 ℃ for low-temperature austenitizing treatment, and then austenitizing at 880-910 ℃;
s4, controlled cooling and quenching treatment: taking out the hammer head from the high-temperature furnace quickly, controlling the cooling, then putting the hammer head after controlling the cooling into water-based quenching liquid for keeping for 40-250s, and simultaneously manually rotating the hammer head;
s5, progressive partitioning isothermal treatment: and (3) putting the hammer head subjected to quenching treatment into a resistance furnace at 100-140 ℃ for heat preservation for a period of time, carrying out isothermal treatment at 140-180 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, then carrying out isothermal treatment at 200-240 ℃ after the temperature is raised, and finally taking out the hammer head and carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
Further, in S1, the melting temperature of the hammer head alloy raw material in a vacuum furnace is 1500-1600 ℃, the nitrogen pressure is 10bar, and the pouring temperature is controlled at 1450-1550 ℃.
Further, in S2, the heating and heat preservation time of the hammer at 850-880 ℃ is determined according to the thickness of the hammer, and heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-0.8min according to the effective thickness of the hammer per millimeter; the hammer head is kept at 650-680 ℃ for 3-5 h.
Further, in S3, the time for low-temperature austenitizing treatment of the hammerhead is determined according to the thickness of the hammerhead, and the heat is preserved for 0.3-0.5min according to the effective thickness per millimeter; the austenitizing treatment time of the hammer at 880-910 ℃ is 30-50min.
Further, in S4, after the hammer head is quickly taken out of the high-temperature furnace, the cooling speed is controlled to be 200-400 ℃/min, and the cooling time is controlled to be 2-15S.
Further, in S4, the water-based quenching liquid is 60-100 ℃, and the speed of the manually-rotated hammer is 0.4-0.8m/S;
further, in S5, the heat preservation time of the quenched hammer head in a resistance furnace at 100-140 ℃ is 5-8h, the isothermal treatment time at 140-180 ℃ is 2-6h, and the isothermal treatment time at 200-240 ℃ is 30min-1h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the carbon-nitrogen (C-N) alloy steel is designed, a novel progressive partition isothermal heat treatment process is combined, and the partition diffusion of C and N atoms and the composition and the number of microstructure structures are adjusted, so that the hardness and the strength of the alloy steel can be greatly improved, the alloy steel has the function of carbon-rich austenite deformation strengthening and has the strain austenite induced plasticity, the wear resistance and the impact resistance of the crusher hammer are obviously improved, the severe actual production requirements and environment of the crusher hammer are met, and an innovative solution is provided for prolonging the service life of the crusher hammer.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat treatment process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a hammer head (impact toughness value of 96J/cm) of a crusher after heat treatment in example 1 of the present invention 2 Hardness value of 55.5HRC sample);
FIG. 3 shows the impact toughness of the pulverizer hammer head (impact toughness value of 94J/cm) after heat treatment in example 2 of the present invention 2 Hardness value of 56.5HRC sample).
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer, which mainly comprises two links of smelting casting and heat treatment processing:
link 1-smelting and casting
The ingredients were charged according to (0.30-0.50%; N, 0.2-0.5%; mn, 1.5-2.5%; si, 1.0-2.0%; cr,0.1-0.2% Mo, 0.15-0.25%; ti, 0.01-0.03%; S, 0.005-0.02%; P, and the remainder Fe), and then the hammerhead alloy raw materials were put into a vacuum furnace (furnace temperature range controlled at 1500-1600 ℃ C.), stirred and melted under a nitrogen atmosphere (10 bar) to obtain the desired nitrogen content through adjustment of the nitrogen atmosphere, and then cast (casting temperature controlled at 1450-1550 ℃ C.), and finally cast hammerhead molding was carried out.
Link 2-Heat treatment Process
The overall heat treatment process is schematically shown in fig. 1, and mainly comprises the following steps:
1. preliminary uniform heat treatment
The step belongs to the pretreatment category before heat treatment implementation, aims to obtain a pearlite microstructure with uniform distribution and lays a cushion for the implementation of subsequent heat treatment, and mainly comprises the following processes: firstly, heating and insulating the hammer head at 850-880 ℃, calculating and setting the insulating time according to the size of the hammer head, insulating for 0.5-0.8min according to the effective thickness per millimeter, and performing anti-oxidation treatment according to the actual production condition; secondly, heating and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 650-680 ℃, and finally taking out and air-cooling to room temperature.
2. Quenching step-by-step distribution combined heat treatment
The first step is as follows: dual temperature austenitizing treatment
The method consists of two processes of low-temperature austenitizing and high-temperature austenitizing. Firstly, putting the hammer head into 800-860 ℃ for low-temperature austenitizing treatment, and preserving heat for 0.3-0.5min per millimeter according to the effective thickness of the hammer head; then austenitizing the hammer at a high temperature of 880-910 ℃, and preserving the heat for 30-50min.
The second step is that: controlled cooling and quenching treatment
Taking out the hammer from the high-temperature furnace quickly, and controlling the cooling speed of the hammer to be 200-400 ℃/min and the cooling time to be 2-15s; and then placing the hammer head after controlled cooling into water-based quenching liquid at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 40-250s, and simultaneously manually rotating the hammer head at the speed of 0.4-0.8m/s.
The third step: progressively distributed isothermal treatment
Putting the hammer head after quenching treatment into a resistance furnace at 100-140 ℃ for heat preservation for 5-8h, keeping isothermal treatment at 140-180 ℃ for 2-6h, and then raising the temperature to 200-240 ℃ again for isothermal treatment for 30min-1h.
The fourth step: and air cooling to room temperature.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer head, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting the furnace temperature of the vacuum furnace to 1500-1600 ℃, controlling the nitrogen gas pressure to about 10bar, according to 0.4%, 0.35% N,2.5% Mn,2.0% Si,1.5% Cr,0.2% Mo,0.2% Ti,0.01% S,0.01% P, and the balance Fe, blending, putting the alloy into the furnace to stir-smelt, after the pouring temperature is 1450-1550 ℃, pouring and casting to form, the crusher hammer head with the effective thickness of 120mm is obtained.
Step two: covering the hammer head with sufficient carbon powder, placing the container in an electric furnace at 860 deg.C for heat preservation for 60min, taking out the hammer head, rapidly placing the hammer head in another electric furnace at 660 deg.C for heat preservation for 3.5h, taking out, and air cooling to room temperature.
Step three: the same anti-oxidation measures are adopted, the hammer is put into an electric furnace at 820 ℃ and is kept for 36min, the temperature is raised to 880 ℃ along with the furnace temperature, and the maintenance is continued for 30min.
Step four: the hammer head is taken out, cooled in air rapidly (400 ℃/min) for 8 seconds, then put into 60 ℃ water-based quenching liquid, and manually rotated at the speed of about 0.5m/s and kept for 160 seconds.
And fifthly, quickly placing the quenched hammerhead into a 110 ℃ resistance furnace for heat preservation for 8 hours, then raising the temperature of the furnace to 160 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours for isothermal treatment, raising the temperature of the furnace to 220 ℃ after the isothermal treatment is finished, preserving the temperature for 1 hour, and finally taking out the hammerhead for air cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy pulverizer hammerhead.
Three standard samples of V-shaped impact notches (the depth of the groove of the V-shaped notch is 2mm, and the size of the sample is 10mm multiplied by 55 mm) are cut from the surface area of the hammer head prepared in the embodiment 1, and room temperature impact mechanical property detection is carried out, and the impact absorption energy is 89J/cm 2 ，96J/cm 2 ，85J/cm 2 Corresponding hardness values of 57.5HRC,55.5HRC,58HRC. SEM impact fracture from FIG. 2 (impact value 96J/cm) 2 The hardness was 55.5HRC sample), the fracture of the hammer head presents a typical fracture mode of a ductile-brittle mixture type under the action of impact external force. The quasi-cleavage section is clear and visible, and meanwhile, the obvious dimple with uniform size also exists, which shows that the quasi-cleavage structure has better impact toughness.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer head, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting the furnace temperature of the vacuum furnace to 1500-1600 ℃, controlling the nitrogen gas pressure to about 10bar, according to 0.3%, (0.25%) N,2.0% Mn,1.5% Si,1.0% Cr,0.2% Mo, (0.2% Ti), 0.01% S,0.01P, and the balance of Fe, blending, putting the alloy into the furnace to stir-smelt, and after the pouring temperature is 1450-1550 ℃, pouring and casting to form, the crusher hammer head with the effective thickness of 80mm is obtained.
Step two: covering the hammer head with sufficient carbon powder, placing the container in an electric furnace at 860 deg.C for heat preservation for 60min, taking out the hammer head, rapidly placing the hammer head in another electric furnace at 660 deg.C for heat preservation for 3.0h, taking out, and air cooling to room temperature.
Step three: the same anti-oxidation measures are adopted, the hammer is put into an electric furnace at 820 ℃ and is kept for 35min, the temperature is raised to 880 ℃ along with the furnace temperature, and the maintenance is continued for 30min.
Step four: the hammerhead is taken out, rapidly cooled (400 ℃/min) in the air for 5 seconds, then placed into 60 ℃ water-based quenching liquid, and manually rotated at the speed of about 0.5m/s and kept for 100 seconds.
And fifthly, quickly placing the quenched hammerhead into a 110 ℃ resistance furnace for heat preservation for 5 hours, then heating the furnace to 160 ℃, keeping the temperature for isothermal treatment for 2 hours, then raising the temperature of the furnace to 220 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5 hour, finally taking out the hammerhead and air-cooling the hammerhead to the room temperature to obtain the high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammerhead.
Three standard samples of V-shaped impact notches (the depth of the V-shaped notch groove is 2mm, and the size of the sample is 10mm multiplied by 55 mm) are cut on the surface area of the hammer head prepared in the embodiment, room-temperature impact mechanical property detection and impact energy absorption are carried outAre respectively 93J/cm 2 ，94J/cm 2 ，88J/cm 2 Corresponding hardness values of 58.5HRC,56.5HRC,57.5HRC.
The microscopic structure of the transmission electron microscope of the hammerhead of the Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy pulverizer is shown in figure 3. It can be seen that the hammer head prepared in this example is composed of tempered martensite having a local carbon accumulation region therein and strip-shaped bainite surrounding the tempered martensite, wherein the width of the strip-shaped bainite is in the range of about 5 to 50nm, and the thickness of the film-shaped retained austenite is in the range of about 5 to 10nm. In this multiphase microstructure, about 60% of strengthening phases (bainite and tempered martensite) and 40% of toughening phases (retained austenite) are contained. Moreover, the presence of high density dislocations in the lathy bainite and the membranous residual austenite is also observed. Therefore, the proportion, distribution and morphology of the toughening phases can enable the alloy hammer head to carry out synergistic toughening cooperation of all the phases under the action of external force, particularly high impact stress, so that the advantages of a nano-structure are exerted, the effects of phase change induced plasticity and strengthening are fully embodied, and the wear resistance and the impact resistance of the alloy hammer head are greatly improved.
Comparative example
The comparative example provides a composite metal hammer head, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing a hammer handle:
the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35%, si:0.4%, mn:1.6 percent and the balance of Fe are mixed, cast into a sand mold casting cavity with the shape of the hammer handle at 1500 ℃ and cooled and formed, the hammer handle is taken out of sand and polished at 100 ℃ after annealing, and heated in a heat release treatment furnace at 200 ℃ for standby;
the second step: preparing a hammer head:
the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.6%, si:0.7%, cr:18%, mn:1.6%, mo:1.2%, ni:1.4%, S:0.03%, P:0.03 percent and the balance of Fe are mixed, smelted at 1500 ℃, poured at the joint of the hammer handle and the hammer head at 1408-1380 ℃, subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours, subjected to mold drawing and cooling → polished → heated to 450 ℃ and heat preserved for 120 minutes → 650 ℃ for 120 minutes → 800 ℃ for 120 minutes → 920 ℃ for 120 minutes → air quenched to 105 → 250 ℃ for tempering → naturally cooled to below 100 ℃ to obtain the hammer head.
The hammer head prepared by the comparative example is subjected to impact mechanical property detection, three standard samples (the depth of a V-shaped notch groove is 2mm, and the size of the sample is 10mm multiplied by 55 mm) of the V-shaped impact notch are cut in the surface area of the hammer head, and the room-temperature impact mechanical property detection is carried out, wherein the impact absorption energy is 4J/cm respectively 2 ，5J/cm 2 ，5.5J/cm 2 The corresponding hardness was 58.5HRC,58.0HRC,57.5HRC.
It can be seen that the hardness of the hammerhead prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2 of the invention is similar to that of the hammerhead prepared in the comparative example, but the impact toughness can be improved by about 19.0 times, the local brittle fracture and spalling of the hammerhead part in the use process can be effectively prevented, and the service life of the hammerhead is greatly prolonged.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a high-wear-resistance impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, smelting and casting: the method comprises the following steps of putting a hammer head alloy raw material into a vacuum furnace, stirring and smelting under a nitrogen atmosphere, then pouring, and casting a hammer head to form, wherein the hammer head alloy raw material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.30-0.50% by weight of C,0.2-0.5% by weight of N,2.0-2.5% by weight of Mn,1.5-2.5% by weight of Si,1.0-2.0% by weight of Cr,0.1-0.2% by weight of Mo,0.15-0.25% by weight of Ti,0.01-0.03% by weight of S,0.005-0.02% by weight of P, the remainder being Fe;
s2, pre-homogenizing heat treatment: preserving the heat of the cast hammer head at 850-880 ℃, then preserving the heat at 650-680 ℃, and finally taking out and air-cooling to room temperature;
s3, double-temperature austenitizing treatment: firstly, placing the preheated hammer head at 800-860 ℃ for low-temperature austenitizing treatment, and then austenitizing at 880-910 ℃;
s4, controlled cooling and quenching treatment: quickly taking out the hammer head from the high-temperature furnace, carrying out controlled cooling, then putting the hammer head subjected to controlled cooling into water-based quenching liquid, keeping the temperature for 40-250s, and simultaneously carrying out manual rotation on the hammer head;
s5, progressive distribution isothermal treatment: and (3) putting the hammer subjected to quenching treatment into a resistance furnace at 100-140 ℃ for heat preservation for a period of time, carrying out isothermal treatment at 140-180 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, then carrying out isothermal treatment when the temperature is raised to 200-240 ℃, and finally taking out the hammer and carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
2. The method for preparing the high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer head according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the smelting temperature of the hammer head alloy raw material in a vacuum furnace is 1500-1600 ℃, the nitrogen pressure is 10bar, and the pouring temperature is controlled at 1450-1550 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the high wear-resistant impact-resistant Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy pulverizer hammer head according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the heating and heat preservation time of the hammer head at 850-880 ℃ is determined according to the thickness of the hammer head, and the heat preservation is carried out according to the effective thickness of the hammer head per millimeter for 0.5-0.8 min; the hammer head is kept at 650-680 ℃ for 3-5 h.
4. The method for preparing the high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy crusher hammer head according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the time for low-temperature austenitizing treatment of the hammer head is determined according to the thickness of the hammer head, and the heat is preserved for 0.3-0.5min according to the effective thickness per millimeter; the austenitizing treatment time of the hammer at 880-910 ℃ is 30-50min.
5. The method for preparing the high wear-resistant and impact-resistant Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy pulverizer hammer head according to claim 1, wherein in S4, after the hammer head is rapidly taken out of the high-temperature furnace, the cooling speed is controlled to be 200-400 ℃/min, and the cooling time is controlled to be 2-15S.
6. The method for preparing the high wear-resistant and impact-resistant Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy pulverizer hammer head according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the water-based quenching liquid is 60-100 ℃, and the speed of the manually-rotated hammer head is 0.4-0.8m/S.
7. The method for preparing the high-wear-resistance and impact-resistance Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Mo-C-N alloy pulverizer hammer head according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the heat preservation time of the hammer head after quenching treatment in a resistance furnace at 100-140 ℃ is 5-8h, the isothermal treatment time at 140-180 ℃ is 2-6h, and the isothermal treatment time at 200-240 ℃ is 30min-1h.
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