CN115648949A - Method for detecting DCIR (direct current infrared) of battery pack on line and electric automobile - Google Patents
Method for detecting DCIR (direct current infrared) of battery pack on line and electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting a battery pack DCIR on line and an electric automobile. The method for online detecting the DCIR of the battery pack calibrates the calibration DCIR value R1 of the battery pack under a plurality of calibration working condition temperatures in advance and offline, and corrects the calibration DCIR value into the corresponding alarm threshold value R under each calibration working condition temperature. In the charging process of the vehicle, the online working condition temperature of the battery pack on the vehicle is adjusted to a temperature difference range T of a certain calibrated working condition temperature, the DCIR on-line detection is carried out on the battery pack to obtain an online DCIR value R2, and when the online DCIR value R2 is larger than a corresponding alarm threshold value R, a warning of abnormal connection inside the battery pack is sent out. The method for detecting the DCIR of the battery pack on line is convenient for finding the abnormal condition of the connection impedance in the battery pack through the DCIR on line detection of the battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power battery detection, in particular to a method for detecting DCIR (direct current infrared) of a battery pack on line. In addition, the invention also relates to an electric automobile.
Background
With the development and popularization of new energy automobiles, the occupancy rate of pure electric passenger vehicles in the market is gradually increased. In order to ensure the safety of people and property in the process of using the electric vehicle, the application safety requirement of a power battery pack configured in the electric vehicle is higher and higher, for an electric core in a square shell packaging form, a battery pack is generally formed by hundreds of single electric cores, and for an electric core in a cylindrical packaging form, a battery pack is generally formed by thousands of single electric cores.
Generally, the grouping method of the battery pack is to group a plurality of battery cells into modules, and then group a plurality of modules into the battery pack; wherein, generally use the screw to link firmly or the laser welding links firmly through aluminium ba or copper ba between each electric core, generally use the screw connection through copper ba between the module.
In the technical scheme of the existing battery pack production process, before the battery pack is produced and off-line, methods such as welding quality control or screw torque detection control are needed to ensure the reliability of each electric connection part in the whole battery pack; the welding quality control generally includes metallographic detection, welding tension test, and the like, and meanwhile, a DCIR (Direct current internal resistance) test of the whole package is also performed.
In the above-mentioned inspection or test method, as for the frequency of detection, since the metallographic phase and the welding tension are destructive tests, it is generally a first shift test to generally evaluate the reliability of the high voltage electrical connection of the battery pack, and 100% detection cannot be achieved. In the whole DCIR test, because the charging and discharging working steps are required to be carried out on the battery pack, and the DCIR test is generally carried out after the laser welding of the bus plates, in order to avoid the influence of the temperature on the DCIR test result, a laying link is generally added in the charging and discharging working steps so as to reduce the temperature of a welding part in the battery pack to an appropriate temperature; therefore, the production and test rhythm is greatly influenced, so that the DCIR test in the production process of the battery pack is generally performed by sampling, and 100% of produced battery packs cannot be detected.
However, in practical application, the failure of the high-voltage connection part between the battery cells or between the modules in the power battery pack is generally after the battery pack is taken off line, namely, after the battery pack is carried on a whole vehicle. Vibration or impact may cause the weld joint at the high-voltage connection to fail during driving of the vehicle. In the prior art, the problem before the battery pack is generally detected, and the problems of welding spot failure and the like after the battery pack vehicle are not easy to detect in time.
In the prior art, some vehicle models judge the reliability of the connection impedance in a DCIR test mode, but there are many interference factors, for example, the DCIR of a single battery is reduced along with the temperature rise; accuracy of the determination is affected. Therefore, when the solder joint in the battery package appears the rosin joint or the screw moment of torsion of electric connection department appears not hard up the circumstances such as, can lead to the impedance increase at electric connection position, in the vehicle use, has the unusual not hard up connection position can seriously generate heat, can lead to drawing an arc when serious, or heat transfer to monomer electricity core, causes thermal runaway, and then leads to the thermal diffusion of whole battery package.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for DCIR online detection of a battery pack, so as to find out an abnormal connection impedance inside the battery pack through DCIR online detection of the battery pack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for detecting DCIR of a battery pack on line comprises the steps of calibrating DCIR values R1 of the battery pack under a plurality of calibration working condition temperatures in advance in an off-line mode, and correcting the DCIR values into corresponding alarm threshold values R under each calibration working condition temperature;
in the charging process of the vehicle, the online working condition temperature of a battery pack on the vehicle is adjusted to a temperature difference range T of a certain calibrated working condition temperature, the battery pack is subjected to DCIR online detection to obtain an online DCIR value R2, and when the online DCIR value R2 is larger than the corresponding alarm threshold value R, a warning that the internal connection of the battery pack is abnormal is sent out.
Further, the pre-offline calibration of the DCIR value R1 of the battery pack at a plurality of calibration operating temperature conditions includes:
under each calibration working condition temperature, performing DCIR test on the battery pack under a plurality of levels of SOC states respectively to obtain a graded calibration DCIR value R1n under each level of SOC states; the calibrated DCIR value R1 is obtained by calculating the average value of each R1n.
Further, the DCIR test includes:
adjusting the SOC of the battery pack to the SOC state of the level to be measured, and recording the open-circuit voltage V1 of the battery pack after fully standing;
charging the battery pack for a first set time at a first set current I, and recording a terminal voltage V2 of the battery pack when the charging is finished;
using the formula: r1n = (V2-V1)/I; and calculating a graded calibration DCIR value R1n.
Further, the first set current I is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 times of the maximum current Imax allowed by the battery pack; and/or the first set time is 8s to 12s; and/or the plurality of calibration working condition temperatures comprise 25 ℃,35 ℃ and 45 ℃; and/or, the plurality of levels of said SOC states comprise 20% SOC, 30% SOC, 40% SOC, 50% SOC, 60% SOC, 70% SOC, 80% SOC.
Further, the calibrated DCIR value R1 is corrected to the alarm threshold R corresponding to each calibrated operating temperature by using the following correction formula: r = K × R1; wherein K is the SOH coefficient of the battery pack.
Further, the temperature difference Δ T is below 2 ℃.
Further, the DCIR online detection of the battery pack to obtain an online DCIR value R2 includes:
the charging current of the battery pack is adjusted to be the lowest value allowed by a charging pile, the voltage of the single battery cell in the battery pack is continuously detected, and when the voltage lasts for a second set time and is stable and unchanged, the total voltage of the single battery cell at the moment is recorded as Vc1;
controlling the battery pack to discharge at a second set current I1, and recording the voltage of the battery pack at the moment as Vc2 after the battery pack continues to discharge for a third set time;
the on-line DCIR value R2 is calculated using the following formula: r2= (Vc 2-Vc 1)/I1.
Further, the second set current I1 is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 times of the maximum current Imax allowed by the battery pack; and/or the second set time is 50s to 70s.
Furthermore, in the vehicle charging process, charging is carried out through the BMS control charging pile, load discharging is controlled through the VCU, and the online working condition temperature of the battery pack is adjusted through the battery pack heat management module.
The method for the on-line detection of the DCIR of the battery pack comprises the steps of calibrating the calibrated DCIR values at various calibration working condition temperatures in advance, adjusting the on-line working condition temperature of the battery pack on a vehicle to be within the temperature difference T range of a certain calibration working condition temperature by utilizing the charging time of the vehicle, and then carrying out the on-line detection of the DCIR, so that the influence of the difference of the working condition temperatures on the detection accuracy is favorably reduced, and the condition that the connection impedance in the battery pack is abnormal is conveniently discovered through the on-line detection of the DCIR of the battery pack by comparing the difference between the on-line DCIR value obtained through detection and the corresponding calibrated DCIR value.
In addition, under each calibration working condition temperature, through carrying out DCIR test on the battery pack under the SOC state of multiple levels respectively, a plurality of groups of hierarchical calibration DCIR values R1n are obtained, and then the calibration DCIR value R1 is obtained through an averaging mode, so that the accuracy of calibrating the DCIR value R1 is further improved.
The invention also aims to provide an electric automobile, which adopts the method for the DCIR online detection of the battery pack to perform the DCIR online detection on the battery pack. The electric automobile has the technical advantages of the method for detecting the DCIR on line of the battery pack.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention, and the description is given by way of example only and without limitation to the terms of relative positions. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the overall steps of a method for on-line detection of a battery pack DCIR according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a step of adjusting the online operating temperature of the battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically limited. For example, the connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or through both elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in conjunction with specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Example one
The embodiment relates to a method for detecting the DCIR of a battery pack on line, which is convenient for discovering the abnormal condition of the impedance inside the battery pack through the DCIR on line detection of the battery pack; an exemplary flow of steps is shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In an overall, the method for online detecting the battery pack DCIR calibrates the calibration DCIR value R1 of the battery pack under a plurality of calibration working condition temperatures in an offline manner in advance, and corrects the calibration DCIR value into the corresponding alarm threshold value R under each calibration working condition temperature. In the charging process of the vehicle, adjusting the online working condition temperature of a battery pack on the vehicle to a temperature difference T range of a certain calibration working condition temperature, and carrying out DCIR online detection on the battery pack to obtain an online DCIR value R2; and then comparing the online DCIR value R2 with a corresponding alarm threshold value R, and sending out an alarm of abnormal internal connection of the battery pack when R2 is greater than R.
Mainly, the method for detecting the DCIR of the battery pack in the embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, calibrating DCIR values R1 of the battery pack under a plurality of calibration working condition temperatures in an off-line manner, and correcting the DCIR values to be corresponding alarm threshold values R;
s2, adjusting the battery pack on the vehicle to a temperature difference T range of a certain calibration working condition temperature;
s3, carrying out DCIR on-line detection on the battery pack to obtain an on-line DCIR value R2;
and S4, comparing the online DCIR value R2 with a corresponding alarm threshold value R, and sending out an alarm that the internal connection of the battery pack is abnormal when R2 is greater than R.
When R2 is larger than R, the connection impedance in the battery pack is abnormal, the situations that insufficient welding occurs in welding spots or screw torque at the electric connection part is loosened and the like may exist, temporary current limiting processing can be performed on the battery pack, and the battery pack is inspected by selecting a machine, so that the occurrence probability of abnormal risks such as thermal runaway of the battery pack can be reduced.
In the step S1, the step of calibrating the DCIR value R1 of the battery pack offline in advance under a plurality of calibration operating condition temperatures may specifically include the following steps:
s11, under each calibration working condition temperature, respectively carrying out DCIR test on the battery packs under the SOC states of multiple levels to obtain a graded calibration DCIR value R1n under each SOC state;
and S12, calculating the average value of each R1n to obtain the calibrated DCIR value R1.
Wherein, DCIR test includes:
adjusting the SOC of the battery pack to be in an SOC state of a grade to be measured, and recording the open-circuit voltage V1 of the battery pack after fully standing; and charging the battery pack for a first set time by using a first set current I, and recording the terminal voltage V2 of the battery pack at the end of charging. Then, using the formula: r1n = (V2-V1)/I; and calculating a graded calibration DCIR value R1n.
The first set current I is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 time of the maximum current Imax allowed by the battery pack; the first set time can be selected to be from 8s to 12s, for example, 10s.
The calibration working condition temperatures comprise 25 ℃,35 ℃ and 45 ℃; the plurality of levels SOC state includes 20-SOC, 30-SOC, 40-SOC, 50-SOC, 60-SOC, 70-SOC, 80-SOC.
Specifically, 10 brand-new battery packs can be randomly selected, the 10 battery packs are subjected to DCIR tests at three different calibration working condition temperatures (25 ℃,35 ℃,45 ℃), and the current value can be 0.25Imax, 0.5Imax, 0.75Imax or 1.0 Imax. And recording the graded calibration DCIR value R1n measured under different levels of SOC states of each battery pack into the following table.
Taking the DCIR test of a 10s rechargeable battery pack in a 20% SOC state as an example, the specific method is as follows:
(1) Adjusting the SOC of the battery to 20% and fully standing;
(2) Recording the OCV (Open circuit voltage) voltage V1 of the battery pack at this time;
(3) Charging the battery pack at a first set current I for 10s, and recording the terminal voltage V2 of the battery pack at 10 s;
(4) Using the formula: r1n = (V2-V1)/I; and calculating a graded calibration DCIR value R1n.
The values of R11, R12 and R13, 8230A and R1n obtained in the above table were averaged to obtain a nominal DCIR value R1. The following table may be used to record the calibrated DCIR values R1 for three different operating conditions at 25 deg.C, 35 deg.C and 45 deg.C.
It should be noted that the data of the above-obtained calibrated DCIR value R1 can be directly saved in the BMS (battery management system) as the alarm threshold value R of the electrical connection reliability as a condition for the subsequent test judgment. However, in consideration of the influence of battery aging SOH (state of health), it is preferable that the calibration DCIR value R1 is corrected to the corresponding alarm threshold value R at each calibration operating temperature by using the following correction formula: r = K × R1;
wherein K is the SOH coefficient of the battery pack.
Due to the influence of the aging SOH of the battery, the DCIR value of the single battery cell can be gradually increased, and by adopting the revision compared with the offline DCIR value calibrated when the battery leaves the factory, a more accurate alarm threshold value R can be obtained, which is beneficial for the BMS to more accurately judge the abnormal condition of the internal connection impedance of the battery pack.
During the charging process of the Vehicle, the charging pile is preferably controlled by the BMS, and the load discharging is preferably controlled by a VCU (Vehicle control unit). In the step S2, the online working condition temperature of the battery pack may be adjusted through the battery pack thermal management module. Obviously, in order to increase the adjustment efficiency, the online working condition temperature of the battery pack should be adjusted based on the principle of proximity, that is, the online working condition temperature of the battery pack is adjusted to the range of the calibration working condition temperature plus or minus Δ T by taking the calibration working condition temperature closest to the current online working condition temperature as a target.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the adjustment of the online working condition temperature of the battery pack specifically includes the following steps:
s21, the BMS sends DCIR test requirements to the charging pile;
s22, automatically checking whether the online working condition temperature of the battery pack is within the temperature difference T range of the closest certain calibration working condition temperature (taking the calibration working condition temperature of 25 ℃ as an example); if yes, proceeding to the following step S24; if not, go to step S23;
s23, starting the thermal management of the battery pack, and adjusting the working condition temperature of the battery pack to be within the temperature difference T range of the calibration working condition temperature;
and S24, carrying out an online DCIR test on the battery pack.
The temperature difference T can be between 1 ℃ and 5 ℃, for example, 2 ℃. That is, when the nominal operating temperature is 25 ℃, the operating temperature of the battery pack should be adjusted to be between 23 ℃ and 27 ℃.
In the above step S3, the DCIR online detection of the battery pack to obtain the online DCIR value R2 may adopt the following steps:
s31, reducing the charging current of the battery pack to the lowest value allowed by the charging pile, continuously detecting the voltage of the single battery cell in the battery pack, and recording the total voltage of the single battery cell at the moment as Vc1 when the voltage lasts for a second set time and is stable and unchanged;
s32, controlling the battery pack to discharge at a second set current I1, and recording the voltage of the battery pack at the moment as Vc2 after the battery pack continues to discharge for a third set time;
s33, calculating an online DCIR value R2 by adopting the following formula:
R2=(Vc2-Vc1)/I1。
the second setting current I1 may be 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 times of the maximum current Imax allowed by the battery pack; the second set time can be set to a value from 50s to 70s, for example, 60s is taken; the third set time may be set with reference to the first set time, for example, 10s.
During specific testing, the battery current is adjusted to the lowest value allowed by the charging pile, the voltage of the battery monomer is continuously detected, and when the voltage is stable and unchanged for 60s, the battery voltage Vc1 at the moment is recorded; then, the request current is adjusted to I1 (such as 0.5 Imax), the duration is 10s, and the battery voltage Vc2 at the end of the recording pulse is recorded; finally, the DCIR value R2 can be calculated as (Vc 2-Vc 1)/I1.
To sum up, in the method for online detecting the DCIR of the battery pack of the embodiment, the online working condition temperature of the battery pack on the vehicle is adjusted to be within the range of the temperature difference Δ T of a certain calibrated working condition temperature by the pre-obtained calibrated DCIR value and the charging time of the vehicle, and then the DCIR online detection is performed, so that the influence of the difference of the working condition temperatures on the detection accuracy is favorably reduced, and the abnormal condition of the connection impedance inside the battery pack is conveniently found by the online detection of the DCIR of the battery pack by comparing the difference of the online DCIR value obtained by the detection and the corresponding calibrated DCIR value.
Example two
The embodiment relates to an electric vehicle, and a battery pack on the electric vehicle adopts the method for detecting the DCIR of the battery pack on line provided by the first embodiment to perform DCIR on-line detection.
By using the detection method, the electric vehicle of the embodiment can calculate the DCIR value of the battery pack, and judge the connection failure risk of the battery pack according to the safety threshold values of different temperatures and different SOC states, so as to send out the fault information of the battery pack in time and perform early warning. Therefore, risks can be identified before thermal runaway of the battery pack or the whole vehicle occurs, early warning is carried out, and the safety level of the battery pack can be effectively improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting DCIR of a battery pack on line is characterized in that:
calibrating a calibration DCIR value R1 of a battery pack under a plurality of calibration working condition temperatures in an off-line manner in advance, and correcting the calibration DCIR value R into a corresponding alarm threshold value R under each calibration working condition temperature;
in the charging process of the vehicle, the online working condition temperature of a battery pack on the vehicle is adjusted to a temperature difference range T of a certain calibrated working condition temperature, the battery pack is subjected to DCIR online detection to obtain an online DCIR value R2, and when the online DCIR value R2 is larger than the corresponding alarm threshold value R, a warning that the internal connection of the battery pack is abnormal is sent out.
2. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 1, wherein:
the pre-offline calibration of the calibration DCIR value R1 of the battery pack at a plurality of calibration working condition temperatures comprises the following steps:
under each calibration working condition temperature, performing DCIR test on the battery pack under a plurality of levels of SOC states respectively to obtain a graded calibration DCIR value R1n under each level of SOC states;
the calibrated DCIR value R1 is obtained by calculating the average value of each R1n.
3. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the DCIR test comprises the following steps:
adjusting the SOC of the battery pack to the SOC state of the level to be measured, and recording the open-circuit voltage V1 of the battery pack after fully standing;
charging the battery pack for a first set time by using a first set current I, and recording the terminal voltage V2 of the battery pack when the charging is finished;
using the formula: r1n = (V2-V1)/I; a graded calibration DCIR value R1n is calculated.
4. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 3, wherein:
the first set current I is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 times of the maximum current Imax allowed by the battery pack; and/or the first set time is 8s to 12s; and/or the plurality of calibration working condition temperatures comprise 25 ℃,35 ℃ and 45 ℃; and/or, a plurality of levels said SOC state comprises 20% SOC, 30% SOC, 40% SOC, 50% SOC, 60% SOC, 70% SOC, 80% SOC.
5. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 1, wherein:
and correcting the calibrated DCIR value R1 into the alarm threshold value R corresponding to each calibrated working condition temperature by adopting the following correction formula: r = K × R1;
wherein K is the SOH coefficient of the battery pack.
6. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the temperature difference is less than 2 ℃.
7. The method for DCIR on-line detection of battery packs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said performing DCIR on-line detection on said battery packs to obtain on-line DCIR values R2 comprises:
the charging current of the battery pack is adjusted to be the lowest value allowed by a charging pile, the voltage of the single battery cell in the battery pack is continuously detected, and when the voltage lasts for a second set time and is stable and unchanged, the total voltage of the single battery cell at the moment is recorded as Vc1;
controlling the battery pack to discharge at a second set current I1, and recording the voltage of the battery pack at the moment as Vc2 after the battery pack continues to discharge for a third set time;
the on-line DCIR value R2 is calculated using the following formula: r2= (Vc 2-Vc 1)/I1.
8. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 7, wherein:
the second set current I1 is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 time of the maximum current Imax allowed by the battery pack; and/or the second set time is 50s to 70s.
9. The method for on-line detection of battery pack DCIR according to claim 7, wherein:
in the vehicle charging process, charging is carried out through BMS control charging pile, load discharging is controlled through VCU, and the online working condition temperature of the battery pack is adjusted through a battery pack thermal management module.
10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that:
the electric automobile carries out DCIR online detection on the battery pack by adopting the method for DCIR online detection on the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113156209A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-23 | 淮安骏盛新能源科技有限公司 | Diagnosis method for monitoring looseness of mounting bolts of bus bar connected between modules |
| CN115356542A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-18 | 小米汽车科技有限公司 | Method and device for detecting screw connection condition of high-voltage bus in battery pack |
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