CN115640948A - Construction method of source-network-load planning game decision framework - Google Patents
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Abstract
A construction method of a source-network-load planning game decision architecture comprises the following steps: step 1) power generation companies propose own power supply location and capacity scheme (X) Gen ,N Gen ) And power generation quotation information
Step 2); a transmission company decides a line upgrading scheme to form a new grid structure; step 3) determining the transmission rate of the transmission company at the same time
And combines the grid structure information (X) Tra ,N Tra ) Transmitting the information of the transmission rate to the power generation company, transmitting the information of the transmission rate to the large power user, and transmitting the parameters (the line length) of the transmission network
Line capacity
Transmission current constraints) to ISO; step 4) the large power user combines the ISO calculated node marginal power price SP according to the determined power transmission rate of the power transmission company pi Investment plan for making order electricity and DG (X) Use ,N Use ) And feeding back the purchased electric quantity information to the transmission company and ISO; and step 5) the ISO transmits the marginal electricity price information of the nodes to a power generation company and a large power consumer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and particularly relates to a construction method of a source-network-load planning game decision framework.
Background
The continuous promotion of the market reformation of electric power in the global range brings a series of opportunities and challenges to the development of the electric power industry. On one hand, the traditional power transmission planning does not flexibly adjust the power price strategy in time according to the user requirements when calculating the power transmission utility; on the other hand, the resource allocation capability of the power system can be fully improved based on the overall angle of the power market when the planning model is constructed. Therefore, the research of the traditional planning method focuses on solving the problems of new energy consumption, demand side response and the like in the system planning process. Although the method can improve the efficiency of system investment planning to a certain extent, the method does not fully simulate the full-dimensional game decision process including ISO and source network load planning main bodies, and lacks the vitality of resource allocation. Thus, there are also the following problems:
1) Since in the mature power market the utility of different bodies of the source grid charge (especially for the transmission companies) depends not only on the node price, it is also influenced by the market operating regime (ISO decision, transmission organisation, blocking situation, etc). Therefore, the method directly taking the node marginal price result as the decision information of each main body is often only used for planning the decision of the main body for a single or part in the planning, so the considered ISO decision is only related to the information interaction with the part of the market main body (other market information is generally fixed). In fact, in a mature electric power market, a source, a network, a load and an ISO form a complete information interaction and game interaction relationship, decision information provided by the ISO not only has node electricity price, but also comprises unit output and unit utility rate parameters of a power transmission company, and the change of ISO decision boundary conditions can be caused by the updating of a planning scheme of any one investment subject of the source, the network and the load in a game process, so that the accurate simulation of an electric power market planning decision can be realized only by establishing a full-dimensional decision framework including the ISO;
2) The traditional planning method is simple to calculate the utility of the power transmission company (simply calculates the investment operation rate or the utility), and the planning utility and the rate of the power transmission company are not calculated basically from the perspective of the actual power market. In the mature electricity market, the utility of different sources, grids, and loads (especially for transmission companies) is not only dependent on node electricity prices, but is also influenced by uncertainty factors (ISO decisions, transmission organizations, congestion conditions, and other factors). Only when all market elements are completely considered in a planning model of a power transmission company, the planning result can be guaranteed to effectively relieve congestion and reduce the marginal price of electricity of the nodes, so that the planning investment efficiency of the whole power system is further improved.
Therefore, under the background, the research on the dynamic game behavior capable of comprehensively analyzing the source-network-load and ISO complete market elements has important theoretical and practical significance for realizing accurate simulation of power market planning decisions and improving the planning investment efficiency of the whole power system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a source network load multi-main-body game planning method and a source-network-load planning game decision framework construction method which can realize more accurate simulation on power market planning decisions.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a source network load multi-subject game planning method considering the full dimensionality of a power market comprises the following processes:
step 1: introducing a power transmission utility calculation method considering power transmission control characteristics, and constructing a power transmission company planning model considering monopoly control and market operation;
step 2: establishing a source network load planning model considering a multi-market main body by taking power supply new establishment and distributed power supply operation as decision variables;
and step 3: providing a source-network-load planning game decision framework considering the operation of the power market;
and 4, step 4: and solving Nash equilibrium to obtain a planning scheme of the final model.
In the step 1, when a power transmission utility calculation method considering power transmission control characteristics is introduced and a power transmission company planning model is constructed, an objective function of the power transmission utility calculation method is composed of power transmission service income and reliability cost, and a line operation rate is calculated by dividing lines based on power price and power flow data, so that reasonable guidance of a power transmission line planning market is ensured.
The objective function is specifically shown in formula (1):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a vector set for planning transmission line project, wherein
,L
mT∈Ω mT All variables are 0-1 variables, and represent whether a project for planning the power transmission line is newly built or not;
a set of planned capacity expansions representing a transmission company line;
,L
mT∈Ω mT the capacity expansion capacity of each planned line is represented; omega mT Representing a set of planned transmission line projects;
the transmission rate of the first line; u shape Tra Is the total utility of the transmission company;
revenue for transmission services of the transmission company;
a maintenance utility for operation;
is the operational utility;
utility for other services such as communications;
is a circuit of the t yearThe reliability utility of l; psi es Loss in power failure is unit; EENS l,t The expected value of the power shortage of the circuit l in the t year; omega l Is a line set;
wherein the utility of operation and maintenance in transmission service revenue for a transmission company
Operational utility
Other service utilities of communication
Is expressed by equation (2):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
maximum power value flowing through line l for year t;
is the capacity of line l;
is the length of the line l;
modeling and analyzing the rate for the unit capacity of the power transmission company;
operating rates for unit active power of the transmission company; sigma m The operation rate is the unit capacity of the transmission line; sigma c Other service rates such as unit length transmission line communication; relevant parameters involved in specific utility calculations, e.g.
σ m And σ c All are obtained by ISO in the decision stage;
the constraint conditions comprise newly-built line investment constraint, branch power flow constraint and safety constraint;
(1) Newly-built line quantity constraint
(2) Branch current flow restraint
In the formula: p is i.t And Q i.t Respectively the active power and the reactive power of a node i at the moment t; u shape i.t And U j.t The voltage amplitudes of the node i and the node j at the moment t are respectively; g ij And B ij Respectively the conductance and susceptance of the branch ij; theta ij Is the phase angle difference between the voltages of the node i and the node j;
(3) Safety restraint
In the formula: u shape i.min And U i.max Respectively is the lower limit and the upper limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i at any typical time t; p ij.t And P ij.max Respectively the transmission power of branch ij at any typical time t and its upper limit value.
In step 2, the power generation company carries out location and volume fixing on the newly added unit in the power system planning, the objective function of the planning model of the power generation company is composed of the electricity selling utility and the operation rate of the existing unit, and the decision variables are the position and the capacity of the newly added unit.
In step 2, the objective function is as shown in equation (6);
in the formula of U Gen Represents the total utility of the power generation company;
for planning vector sets of generator set projects, wherein
,L
mG∈Ω mG All the variables are 0-1 variable, and represent whether the generator set project is newly built or not, and omega mG A set of project for planning a power generation group;
representing a set of unit planning capacities of a power generation company, wherein
,L
mG∈Ω mG Representing the planned capacity of each generator set project;
quoting information for power generation; lambda [ alpha ] pn Representing a node marginal price of electricity at the node n;
the utility of selling electricity for the generator set of the power generation company;
the operating cost of the generating company unit; r is the discount rate; t is the year of engineering operation;
the power is the power sold at the t moment of the n nodes; omega t Is a set of peak load typical times T in the Tth year; omega T Is a planning cycle set; omega N Is a node set;
the unit operation rate of the generator set;
the constraint conditions comprise the quantity constraint of the newly built generating set and the output upper and lower limit constraints of the newly built generating set:
(1) Newly-built unit quantity restraint of can generating electricity
(2) Newly-built generating set output upper and lower limit restraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively output for newly built generator
Upper and lower limits of (b).
If the planning model is constructed for the large power user company, the objective function is shown as (9):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
to plan a vector set of DG projects, where
,L
mU∈Ω mU All variables are 0-1 variables, which indicate whether a DG project is planned to be newly built or not;
a vector set representing the number of planned distributed power supply units of the large power users;
,L
representing the total distributed power supply construction capacity of each planning scheme; mU is belonged to omega mU Representing a set for planning a newly built DG project;
the electricity purchasing quantity from the main network is provided for the user; u shape Use The utility of the electricity cost for the user;
the utility of the electricity purchasing cost of the user;
purchasing electricity cost and utility for the main network of the user;
generating revenue for the distributed power source;
cost effectiveness is maintained for equipment operation;
the output of the distributed power supply c at the node n at the moment t; omega c A set of distributed power sources c at n nodes;
operating maintenance rate for unit DG output;
wherein, the electricity purchasing cost utility of the large power users
The calculation formula of the main network electricity purchasing cost and the distributed power generation income in the system is shown as the formula (10):
in the formula (f) n,t The peak load of the node n at the time t in the planning period is obtained;
the constraint conditions of the planning model of the large power user mainly comprise DG (distributed generation) candidate node access number limitation, DG permeability constraint and DG output constraint;
(1) DG candidate node access number limitation
In the formula: n is a radical of i.min And N i.max Respectively accessing a lower limit value and an upper limit value of the DG number at a node i to be selected;
(2) Node power balance constraints
In the formula: q. q of n,t The method comprises the steps of (1) purchasing electric quantity of a node n at the time t for peak load in a planning period;
generating capacity of a distributed power supply at a node n at the moment t;
the total load of the n nodes at the time t is obtained;
(3) DG output constraint
In the formula:
and
respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of DG output;
(4) The newly built DG capacity of the large power users has the following relationship constrained by the equation:
in step 4, for the proposed dynamic game model, nash equilibrium is solved by an iterative search method, and the specific solving steps are as follows:
1) Input raw data and parameters: initializing data required for establishing a game model, wherein the data comprises load information, parameters of a set to be newly built, parameters of a line to be newly built, parameters of a distributed power source to be newly built, quotations of each set of a power generation company, original network topology parameters of related parameters of power market operation and the like;
2) Generating a game participant strategy set: generating a planning strategy set of the power generation company according to the set to be selected of the newly-built unit by the power generation company
Generating a power grid planning strategy set by a power transmission company according to the candidate set of the power transmission line
A user generates a distributed power supply construction strategy set according to the distributed power supply candidate set
m G、 m T and m u is the total number of elements in the strategy set of the power generation company, the power transmission company and the large power user in sequence;
3) Randomly extracting a group of planning strategy schemes from the three participant strategy sets as initial values of the planning schemes;
4) Setting an iteration initial value delta =2;
5) And (3) carrying out scheme optimization by participants: each participant carries out decision making, checking and calculation on the planning scheme of the participant according to the information of other participants in the previous round, and the final effect of the three parties in the game round is obtained after load flow calculation and electricity price calculation;
6) Judging whether the balance state is achieved: if the effectiveness of two continuous game rounds is the same, determining that the equilibrium state is reached, and entering the step 7); if not, enabling k = k +1, and returning to the step 4.5;
7) Output model equalization solution
And the ultimate utility of the parties.
A construction method of a source-network-load planning game decision architecture comprises the following steps:
step 1) a power generation company provides a power supply location and capacity scheme (X) according to a grid structure scheme obtained by a power transmission company through decision and a power generation output plan obtained through ISO calculation Gen ,N Gen ) And power generation offer information
Step 2) the power generation company transmits the position and capacity information of the power supply to a power transmission company and transmits power generation quotation information to ISO; the utility calculation parameters of unit rates transmitted by a power transmission company according to the ISO in the day are combined with the power position and capacity information provided by a power generation company and the electricity purchasing amount information of the large-power users
Making a circuit upgrading scheme by decision making to form a new grid structure;
step 3) determining the transmission rate of the transmission company at the same time
And combines the grid structure information (X) Tra ,N Tra ) Transmitting to power generation company, transmitting power transmission rate information to large electric power user, and transmitting power transmission network parameter (line length)
Line capacity
Transmission current constraints) to ISO;
step 4) the large power users combine the ISO calculated node marginal price SP according to the determined power transmission rate of the power transmission company pi Investment plan for making order electricity and DG (X) Use ,N Use ) And feeding back the purchased electric quantity information to the transmission company and ISO;
step 5) ISO makes a decision by collecting information of source-network-load three parties, makes unit rate utility calculation parameters according to power transmission network parameters of a power transmission company, transmits the unit rate utility calculation parameters to the power transmission company, and makes a power generation company output plan P g Meanwhile, the node marginal electricity price is calculated, and finally, the node marginal electricity price information is transmitted to a power generation company and a power consumer.
The objective function of the power consumer planning model is shown as (15):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
to plan a vector set of DG projects, wherein
,L
mU∈Ω mU All variables are 0-1 variables, which indicate whether a DG project is planned to be newly built or not;
a vector set representing the number of planned distributed power supply units of the large power users;
,L
representing the total distributed power supply construction capacity of each planning scheme; mU belongs to omega mU Representing a set for planning a newly built DG project;
the electricity purchasing quantity from the main network is provided for the user; u shape Use The utility of the electricity cost of the user;
the utility of the electricity purchasing cost of the user;
purchasing electricity cost and utility for the main network of the user;
generating revenue for the distributed power;
cost effectiveness is maintained for equipment operation;
the output of the distributed power supply c at the node n at the moment t; omega c A set of distributed power sources c at n nodes;
operating maintenance rate for unit DG output;
wherein, the electricity purchasing cost utility of the large power users
The calculation formula of the main grid electricity purchasing cost and the distributed power generation income is shown as the formula (16):
in the formula (f) n,t The peak load of the node n at the time t in the planning period is obtained;
the constraint conditions of the planning model of the large power user mainly comprise DG (distributed generation) candidate node access number limitation, DG permeability constraint and DG output constraint;
(1) DG candidate node access number limitation
In the formula: n is a radical of i.min And N i.max Respectively is a lower limit value and an upper limit value of the DG number accessed to the node i to be selected;
(2) Node power balance constraints
In the formula: q. q of n,t The electric quantity purchased by a node n at the time t for the peak load in the planning period;
generating capacity of a distributed power supply at a node n at the moment t;
the total load of the n nodes at the time t is obtained;
(3) DG output constraint
In the formula:
and
respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of DG output;
(4) The newly built DG capacity of the large power users has the following relationship constrained by the equation:
in the formula, omega w Is a set of generator sets w; p gw The output of the generator set w; p g ＝[P g1 ,P g2 ,L,P gw ]The vector set of the output of each generator set; f. of pw (. Cndot.) is a scheduling function.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) The invention can realize more accurate simulation on the planning decision of the power market;
2) The invention can technically improve the planning investment efficiency of the whole power system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the body transfer relationships;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the analysis of the dynamic gaming behavior of various entities;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a planning result;
fig. 4 is a graph of the incoming power at peak load for each line for both methods.
Detailed Description
A source network load multi-subject game planning method considering the full dimensionality of a power market mainly comprises the following steps:
1) Based on the overall angle of the electric power market operation, an independent system operator ISO is brought into a game planning system, a power transmission utility calculation method considering the power transmission control characteristics is introduced, and a power transmission company planning model considering monopoly control and market operation is constructed;
2) Establishing a source network load planning model considering a multi-market main body by taking power supply new establishment and distributed power supply operation as decision variables;
3) Considering the game relation among the main bodies, providing a source-network-load planning game decision framework considering the operation of the power market;
4) And solving the Nash equilibrium by adopting an iterative search method to obtain a planning scheme of the final model.
Further, in the step 1), the transmission company plans the transmission network in the power system planning, the goal is to maximize its utility, and the decision variable is a scheme for expanding the newly-built line. According to the invention, a power transmission utility calculation method considering power transmission control characteristics is introduced, a planning model of a power transmission company is constructed, an objective function of the power transmission company is composed of power transmission service income and reliability cost, wherein in order to play resource configuration advantages and improve planning efficiency while supervising the power transmission company, a utility calculation project is specifically subdivided into three utility calculation modes of operation maintenance, operation management and service income by referring to the power transmission utility calculation method of the American mature power market by the utility of the power transmission company, and planning and profitability of the power transmission company are ensured on the basis of the three utility calculation modes. Meanwhile, the line operation rate is obtained by branch line accounting based on the electricity price and tidal current data, and the unit utility rate calculation parameters involved in the calculation of the utility are obtained by the ISO in the market clearing stage, so that the reasonable guidance of the power transmission line planning market is ensured. The objective function is specifically shown in formula (1).
The objective function is specifically shown in formula (1).
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
vector set for planning transmission line project, wherein
,L
mT∈Ω mT All variables are 0-1 variables, and represent whether a project for planning the power transmission line is newly built or not;
a set of planned capacity expansions representing a power transmission company line;
,L
mT∈Ω mT the capacity expansion capacity of each planned line is represented; omega mT Representing a set of planned transmission line projects;
the transmission rate of the first line; u shape Tra Is the total utility of the transmission company;
revenue for transmission services of the transmission company;
a maintenance utility for operation;
is the operational utility;
utility for other services such as communications;
for the circuit of year tReliability utility of; psi es Loss in power failure is unit; EENS l,t The expected value of the power shortage of the circuit l in the t year; omega l Is a set of lines.
Wherein the utility of operation and maintenance in transmission service revenue for a transmission company
Operational utility
Other service utilities of communication
The solving formula of (2) is shown as the formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
maximum power value flowing through line l for year t;
is the capacity of line l;
is the length of line l;
modeling and analyzing the rate for the unit capacity of the power transmission company;
operating rates for unit active power of the transmission company; sigma m Operating rates for the transmission lines per unit capacity; sigma c Other service rates such as unit length transmission line communication; relevant parameters involved in specific utility calculations, e.g.
σ m And σ c All derived by ISO at the decision stage.
The constraint conditions comprise newly-built line investment constraint, branch flow constraint and safety constraint.
(1) Newly-built line quantity constraint
(2) Branch current flow restraint
In the formula: p i.t And Q i.t Respectively the active power and the reactive power of a node i at the moment t; u shape i.t And U j.t The voltage amplitudes of the node i and the node j at the moment t are respectively; g ij And B ij Conductance and susceptance of branch ij, respectively; theta ij Is the phase angle difference between the voltages at node i and node j.
(3) Safety restraint
In the formula: u shape i.min And U i.max Respectively is the lower limit and the upper limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i at any typical time t; p ij.t And P ij.max Respectively the transmission power of branch ij at any typical time t and its upper limit value.
And in the step 2), the power generation company mainly carries out site selection and volume determination on the newly added unit in the power system planning. The objective function of the planning model is composed of the electricity selling utility and the operation rate of the existing unit, and the decision variables are the position and the capacity of the newly added unit.
The specific objective function is shown in equation (6).
In the formula of U Gen Represents the total utility of the power generation company;
for planning vector sets of generator set projects, wherein
,L
mG∈Ω mG All the variables are 0-1 variable, and represent whether the generator set project is newly built or not, and omega mG A set of project for planning a power generation group;
representing a set of unit planning capacities of a power generation company, wherein
,L
mG∈Ω mG Representing the planned capacity of each generator set project;
quoting information for power generation; lambda [ alpha ] pn Representing the marginal price of the node at the node n;
the utility of selling electricity for the generator set of the power generation company;
the operating cost of the generating company unit; r is the discount rate; t is the year of engineering operation;
the power selling quantity at the time of the n nodes t is; omega t Is the set of peak load typical time T in the T year; omega T Is a planning cycle set; omega N Is a node set;
the unit operation rate of the generator set.
The constraint conditions comprise the quantity constraint of the newly built generating set and the output upper and lower limit constraints of the newly built generating set:
(1) Newly-built unit quantity restraint of can generating electricity
(2) Newly-built generator set output upper and lower limit restraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively output for newly built generator
Upper and lower limits of.
The power consumers with large power in the step 2) meet the power loads of the consumers in two ways: 1) Purchasing electricity from a power generator, and transmitting the electricity through a power transmission network, wherein the electric energy settlement mode is the node marginal price of the node, and the power transmission rate is charged by the power transmitter according to a certain rate according to the peak load of the node; 2) The distributed power supply is newly built, dependence on a power generation company and a power transmission company is reduced, and investment operation rates of the distributed power supply are borne by power users. The large power consumer plans the power utilization plan of the large power consumer in the power system, the power utilization rate of the large power consumer is minimized, and the decision variable is a distributed power supply construction scheme. The objective function of the planning model of the large power user company constructed by the invention is composed of the electricity purchasing cost of the user and the DG operation and maintenance cost. The specific calculation formula is shown as (9):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
to plan a vector set of DG projects, wherein
,L
mU∈Ω mU All variables are 0-1 variables, which indicate whether a DG project is planned to be newly built or not;
a vector set representing the number of planned distributed power supply units of the large power users;
,L
representing the total distributed power supply construction capacity of each planning scheme; mU is belonged to omega mU Representing a set for planning a newly built DG project;
the electricity purchasing quantity from the main network is provided for the user; u shape Use The utility of the electricity cost of the user;
the utility of the electricity purchasing cost of the user;
cost-effective electricity purchasing for main network of userUsing;
generating revenue for the distributed power;
cost effectiveness for equipment operation and maintenance;
the output of the distributed power supply c at the n node at the time t; omega c A set of distributed power sources c at n nodes;
the operating maintenance rate is given in units of DG output.
Wherein, the electricity purchasing cost utility of the large power users
The calculation formula of the main network electricity purchasing cost and the distributed power generation income in the system is shown as the formula (10):
in the formula (f) n,t The peak load of the node n at the time t in the planning period is shown.
The constraint conditions of the planning model of the large power user mainly comprise DG (distributed generation) node access number limitation, DG permeability constraint and DG output constraint.
(1) DG candidate node access number limitation
In the formula: n is a radical of i.min And N i.max Respectively a lower limit value and an upper limit value of the DG number accessed to the node i to be selected.
(2) Node power balance constraints
In the formula: q. q.s n,t The method comprises the steps of (1) purchasing electric quantity of a node n at the time t for peak load in a planning period;
generating capacity of a distributed power supply at a node n at the moment t;
the total load of the n nodes at the time t.
(3) DG output constraint
In the formula:
and
respectively, the lower limit and the upper limit of the DG output.
(4) The newly built DG capacity of the large power users has the following relationship constrained by the equation:
the decision model of the ISO generated output plan in the step 2) is an optimal economic dispatching model, and the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula, omega w Is a set of generator sets w; p gw Is the output of the generator set w; p is g ＝[P g1 ,P g2 ,L,P gw ]The vector set of the output of each generator set; f. of pw (. Cndot.) is a scheduling rate function.
The ISO scheduling cost calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, N G The total number of the accessed generators; c. C pw 、b pw 、a pw Is the quoted price parameter of the generator set w.
The constraint conditions of the ISO power generation plan decision model are as follows:
(1) The equation is constrained to:
in the formula, P gw ,Q gw The active and reactive power generation capacities of the generator w are respectively; p is dw ,Q dw Respectively the active and reactive loads of the generator w; u shape i ,U j The voltage amplitudes of nodes i and j, respectively; theta i ,θ j The voltage phase angles of nodes i and j, respectively; y is ij Admittance matrix elements for the nodes; delta. For the preparation of a coating ij Is the admittance phase angle.
(2) Constraint of inequality
In the formula, P gwmax ,P gwmin Respectively as the active power P of the generator w gw The upper and lower limits of (2) are constrained; q gwmax ,Q gwmin Respectively as w reactive output Q of the generator gw The upper and lower limits of (2) are constrained; u shape imax ,U imin Respectively, node i voltage amplitude U i The upper and lower limits of (2) are constrained; p l Is the active power flowing through line l; p lmax An upper limit constraint for the active power of the line l;
it is shown that the power supply node n distributes the amount of power delivered by the line i.
According to a marginal rate pricing theory, the marginal electricity price of the node is a micro-increment rate of system rate to injected power of each node, and on the basis of formulas (15) to (18), a Lagrangian function introducing a power flow equation is constructed by introducing a relaxation variable and a barrier function as follows:
in the formula, lambda, beta and omega are Lagrange multiplier vectors; o, u are relaxation variables, wherein o, u are both greater than 0; p is the vector dimension of o and u; h (x) is the equality constraint in equation (17); g (x) = g (P) gw ,Q gw ,U i ,P l ) Is an inequality constraint in equation (18); mu is a barrier factor and is greater than 0.
Wherein, a barrier function term is introduced to obtain an extended objective function as:
the equality constraint for introducing relaxation quantization in the lagrange function is:
the node marginal price of the active node n is obtained as follows:
in the formula, one represents an optimal solution.
The transfer relationship of each main body involved in the full-dimensional source network load planning game decision model in the step 3) during planning decision is shown in fig. 1.
In the decision process, the power generation company provides a power supply location and capacity scheme (X) according to a grid structure scheme obtained by the decision of the power transmission company and a power generation output plan obtained by ISO calculation Gen ,N Gen ) And power generation quotation information
Transmitting the position and capacity information of the power supply to a power transmission company, and transmitting power generation quotation information to an ISO (International organization for standardization); the utility calculation parameters of unit rates transmitted by a power transmission company according to the ISO in the day are combined with the power position and capacity information provided by a power generation company and the electricity purchasing amount information of the large-power users
Making a decision to make a line upgrading scheme to form a new grid structure;
simultaneous determination of transmission rates
And integrating the grid structure information (X) Tra ,N Tra ) Transmitting to power generation company, transmitting power transmission rate information to large electric power user, and transmitting power transmission network parameter (line length)
Line capacity
Transmission current constraints) to ISO;
the large power users combine the ISO calculated node marginal price SP according to the determined power transmission rate of the power transmission company pi Investment plan for making order electricity and DG (X) Use ,N Use ) And feeding back the purchased electric quantity information to the transmission company and ISO; ISO is an independent operation decision mechanism for the electricity market;
the method carries out decision by collecting information of a source-network-load three party, formulates unit rate utility calculation parameters according to power transmission network parameters of a power transmission company, transmits the unit rate utility calculation parameters to the power transmission company, and formulates a power generation companyDepartment of force plan P g Meanwhile, the node marginal electricity price is calculated, and finally, the node marginal electricity price information is transmitted to a power generation company and a power consumer.
In the three market main bodies, for a power generation company and a power transmission company, because the decision needs to be checked through security check, and the security check is realized from the overall perspective of a power network by collecting information of each link of the source network load of the system, the decision of the power generation company and the power transmission company can be directly influenced and restricted by decision behaviors of other main bodies from the source network load by taking the security check as a core node, so that a game relationship is formed. For the user side, the decision is influenced both directly from the transmission company and indirectly from the generation company. Specifically, before a power transmission company makes a power transmission rate, the power transmission company firstly performs security verification of a power transmission network according to information such as a planned grid structure, and the like, so that a plurality of strategies with insufficient security performance are prevented from being transmitted to a power generation side and a user side, and further, the verified power transmission rate is transmitted to power users to influence the power utilization rate and decision thereof. And the power generation company firstly reports the power generation rate to the ISO for decision, and the ISO calculates the node marginal electricity price through an independent operation optimization decision to influence the power consumption rate and the decision of the power consumer. In general, the decisions of the three market subjects are independent from each other but are restricted with each other, and the decision information is completely shared, so that a complete information game relationship is formed.
Because the planning and construction of the power system need to be completed together on the premise of independent decision, the power generation company, the power transmission company and the large power user mutually master all strategy information of each other in the planning process, the actions of the three have a sequence in the game process, and the game behavior schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2.
In a game round shown in fig. 2, ISO is taken as a special subject independent of source network load, is merged into a game planning system, plays a role in information transmission before a power generation company and a large power user, and gives a node marginal electricity price and a scheduling plan after receiving unit quotation information of the power generation company and a power utilization plan of the large power user. After receiving the electricity price information and the power transmission rate information, the large power user determines a power purchase plan and a construction plan of the distributed power supply by taking the minimum power consumption rate as a target, and feeds back the power purchase plan and the construction plan to ISO and power transmission companies. According to the electricity purchasing plan of the previous round of large power users and the power supply construction plan of the power generation company, the total utility of the power transmission network is maximized by adjusting the line construction scheme, and meanwhile, according to the newly-built line decision-making scheme of the previous round of power transmission company and the power utilization plan of the large power users, the power generation company adjusts the site selection and volume fixing scheme of the newly-built power generation unit to maximize the electricity selling utility of the power generation company. And after the location determination capacity, the network topology and the power purchase plan of the newly-built unit are updated, entering the next game round.
In the game process, when any one of the power generation company, the power transmission company and the large power user changes the strategy and cannot obtain more utilities, the game reaches a balanced state, and the specific description is as follows:
in the formula:
all the strategies are own optimal strategies under the optimal strategy selected by the opposite side, and the power generation company, the power transmission company and the large power user can achieve the maximum effectiveness under the balanced meaning under the combination of the strategies; argmax (·) is the set of variables that maximizes the value of the objective function.
For the dynamic game model provided in the step 4), nash equilibrium is solved through an iterative search method, and the specific solving steps are as follows:
4.1 Input raw data and parameters. Initializing data required by establishing a game model, wherein the data comprises load information, parameters of a set to be newly built, parameters of a line to be newly built, parameters of a distributed power source to be newly built, quotations of each set of a power generation company, original network topology parameters of related parameters of power market operation and the like;
4.2 Generate a set of gaming participant policies. The power generation company treats according to the newly built unitSelecting a set, and generating a power generation company planning strategy set
Generating a power grid planning strategy set by a power transmission company according to the candidate set of the power transmission line
A user generates a distributed power supply construction strategy set according to the distributed power supply candidate set
m G、 m T and m u is in turn the total number of elements in the power generation company, the transmission company and the large electricity consumer policy set.
4.3 Arbitrarily extracting a group of planning strategy schemes from the three participant strategy sets as initial values of the planning schemes;
4.4 Set iteration initial value δ =2;
4.5 Participants for plan optimization. And each participant carries out decision making, checking and calculation on the own planning scheme again according to the information of other participants in the previous round, and the final effects of the three parties in the game round are obtained after load flow calculation and electricity price calculation. Based on an ISO scheduling model, calculating the node marginal electricity price of the system by adopting a primary-dual interior point method;
4.6 Determine whether an equilibrium state has been reached. If the effectiveness of the two continuous game rounds is the same, the balance state is considered to be achieved, and the step 4.7 is entered; if not, enabling k = k +1, and returning to the step 4.5;
4.7 ) output model equalization solution
And the ultimate utility of the parties.
The embodiment is as follows:
1. parameter setting
The invention selects a modified IEEE30 node system as a simulation example. The market pricing mechanism in the embodiment of the invention is the node marginal electricity price, the decision mechanism is the unit combination considering the safety constraint, and the planning period is 20 years. Suppose that as the load increases, the power generation company needs to newly build a power supply at nodes 1-6, and the relevant parameters of the newly-built power supply are shown in table 1. The fluctuation ratios mentioned in table 1 and below are effective fluctuation ratios.
TABLE 1 Power supply parameter table for power generation company
According to load change in a power grid and self development requirements, a power transmission company makes a power transmission expansion plan, a line set to be upgraded and modified in a planning period is {2,6,16,28,35,32}, the utility fluctuation rate of the line set is {0.4,0.41,0.38,0.23,0.29,0.32}, and technical parameters of the expandable newly-built lines are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 Capacity-expandable line parameter table for transmission company
Relevant parameters of the distributed power supply which can be newly built by the large-power users are shown in the table 3.
Table 3 parameter table for new distributed power supply for large electric power users
Meanwhile, in order to verify the correctness and the effectiveness of the method, two different methods are added to solve the calculation example of the invention, and the result is compared and analyzed with the method of the invention, and the methods are as follows.
The method comprises the following steps: conventional planning methods of full dimensionality are not considered. Namely, the dynamic influence of ISO decision and a planning model of utility of a power transmission company are not considered;
the method 2 comprises the following steps: a full-dimensional planning method is considered. I.e. a planning model that takes into account the dynamic impact of ISO decisions and utility of the transmission company.
2. Simulation result
The results of the planning decision schemes of the market subjects obtained by performing simulation calculation in the above examples by using two methods are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 planning scenarios and Total utilities for different market entities for each method
As can be seen from Table 4, the planning scheme of the power generation company of the present invention is to newly build 10MW power supplies at nodes 1, 3 and 5; the planning scheme of the power transmission company is to upgrade and transform the line 6, the line 2, the line 16 and the line 35, and adopt 2 types of lines; the planning scheme for large power users is to newly build 5MW distributed power supplies at nodes 8, 19, 21 and 30. A schematic diagram of the planning results is shown in fig. 4.
3. Comparative analysis
1) Company of electric Power Transmission
First, the reliability cost, total income and total utility of the power transmission company of the schemes obtained by the methods 1 and 2 are compared, and the calculation results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 comparison of results calculated by two methods of the transmission company (Wanyuan)
As can be seen from table 5, in terms of the total utility and cost of the power transmission line, the total revenue of method 2 is increased by 295.37 ten thousand yuan compared with method 1, and the reliability cost is reduced by 300 ten thousand yuan, so that the final total utility is increased by 595.37 ten thousand yuan compared with method 1. The main reasons are as follows: compared with the method 1, the method 2 does not simply take the marginal price difference of the node and the cost effectiveness as optimization targets, but carries out planning decision from the perspective of the optimized operation of the whole power market, so that one more line is expanded compared with the method 1. The circuit strengthens the structure of the power transmission grid structure on the whole. On one hand, the power flow of the power grid is optimized, and the power loss of a power transmission company is reduced, so that the reliability cost of the power transmission company is reduced; on the other hand, the utility of the power transmission company is increased by reducing the electricity consumption cost of the users and increasing the electricity selling amount from the whole power market perspective.
Therefore, compared with the method 1, the method 2 constructs a planning model considering the market characteristics of the power transmission network, and prompts a power transmission company to make planning decisions from the macroscopic perspective of the utility of the whole market. The overall income of the project is guaranteed, meanwhile, the overall grid structure of the power transmission company is effectively strengthened, the overall electricity selling income is increased, and meanwhile, the operation cost is reduced, so that the overall utility of the power transmission company can be effectively improved.
2) Electric Power Generation Co Ltd
The results of comparing the total operating cost, total income and total utility of the power generation company of the schemes obtained by the methods 1 and 2 are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 comparison of results calculated by two methods of Power Generation Co (Wanyuan)
As can be seen from table 6, in terms of the total operating costs and the total revenue of all the units of the power generation company, in method 2, 34500 ten thousand yuan and 329000 ten thousand yuan are respectively added as compared to method 1, so that the total utility of the power generation company is increased by 363500 ten thousand yuan as compared to method 1. The reason is that: on one hand, the method 2 optimizes the power transmission network structure from the overall perspective, and provides conditions for accepting more generator sets in the whole power market; on the other hand, the method 2 incorporates the ISO decision into a planning game system, ensures accounting of a power generation company and dynamic reflection of a power market in the planning decision process, and can improve the electricity selling amount by reducing the node marginal price of the system according to the dynamic game of the power market, thereby improving the total utility of the power generation company on the whole.
Therefore, in the method 2, besides using the node marginal electricity price information to guide different main body planning, the ISO is also taken as an independent main body to be incorporated into a planning system, so that a power generation company can fully consider the resource configuration optimization problem in the decision making process, the decision is made from the aspect of optimizing the electricity consumption of the whole electric power market while ensuring the utility of the project, and the maximum total utility is obtained by enhancing the market competitiveness of the power generation company.
3) Large power consumer
Comparing the project investment operating cost and income of the new project of the power consumers obtained by the method 1 and the method 2, and the total operating cost, the total income and the utility of the power consumers except the new project, the calculation result is shown in table 7, wherein the electricity consumption cost of the power consumers consists of the total income and the electricity purchasing cost, and the node marginal electricity price at the peak load of part of the nodes is shown in table 8.
TABLE 7 comparison of calculation results of two methods for big electric power users (Wanyuan)
TABLE 8 part node peak load time node marginal electricity price (Yuan)
From table 7, the total operating cost and the total revenue of the electricity consumers are both 0. The main reasons are as follows: before the new project is built, the user does not have to stock distributed power supplies. Compared with the method 1, the electricity purchasing cost and the total electricity consumption cost of the large-power user of the method 2 are reduced by 66521.63 ten thousand yuan. The main reasons are as follows: the method 2 starts from the full dimension of the power market in the planning decision process, introduces the influence of ISO decision, and feeds back the newly-built information of the distributed power supply of the user to other market main bodies dynamically, thereby forming the market game. The grid structure of the power grid is strengthened from the overall perspective of the power market for the power transmission company, and meanwhile, the power generation company can adjust the planning decision scheme of the power generation company according to the dynamic response of the power market, so that the marginal price of the node is effectively reduced. Therefore, the power users can adjust the investment plans of the distributed power supplies according to the node power rates, and the total power consumption cost of the users is further reduced from the aspect of visitation.
Therefore, the method 2 introduces the ISO into the planning system, and can dynamically feed the planning information of the power generation company and the power transmission company back to the power consumer in each game round in the form of node marginal electricity price, so that the power consumer can realize the dynamic optimal balance between electricity purchase and the distributed power supply newly built by the power consumer in the decision process according to the changed market information, and feed the relevant information back to the market in real time through the ISO, so that the decision of other main bodies is guided in the planning process, and the planning benefit of each main body is effectively improved.
Compared with the method 1, the method 2 has the advantages that the transmission power of the line 1, the line 7, the line 10 and the like is increased, so that the equipment utilization rate of the transmission line is improved, and the overall utility of a transmission company is increased. The main reasons are as follows: method 1 chooses to build the extension of lines No. 2 and No. 35, but does not build the 16 lines with higher marginal price of electricity of the nearby nodes. This is because the method 1 adopts the node marginal electricity price difference as a utility calculation model for power transmission network planning directly, and dynamic market feedback of ISO and other market bodies is not considered in the planning process. The planning method is used for planning decisions from the short-term project utility perspective of the power transmission network, and the construction cost of the 16 line is higher, so that the 16 line cannot be included in a planning scheme. This also results in the electricity price of part of the nodes being higher than that of method 2, directly increasing the electricity purchasing cost of the user and further resulting in the user selecting to enlarge the newly-built scale of the distributed power supply, thereby reducing the transmission power of part of the lines and reducing the utilization rate of the transmission equipment. Different from the method 1, the method 2 incorporates the ISO decision into a multi-subject game framework, and on the basis, a power transmission utility calculation method considering the power transmission control characteristics is further introduced to prompt a power transmission company to optimize the grid from the overall perspective of the power market, so that the 16 lines with higher cost are expanded besides the 2 lines and the 35 lines. The network capacity and the utility of a power generation company are increased while the congestion is relieved, meanwhile, the marginal price of the nodes is effectively reduced due to the extension of the lines and the increase of the units, and the electric quantity purchased by a user is increased, so that the transmission power of part of the lines is further increased, the utilization rate of power transmission equipment is improved, and the comprehensive utility of the power transmission company is further improved on the whole.
In conclusion, the idea of fully considering the full dimension in the planning process provided by the invention can effectively improve the planning benefit of each main body, and is accurate and effective.
Claims (4)
1. A construction method of a source-network-load planning game decision architecture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) a power generation company provides a power supply location and capacity scheme (X) according to a grid structure scheme obtained by a power transmission company through decision and a power generation output plan obtained through ISO calculation Gen ,N Gen ) And power generation quotation information
Step 2) the power generation company transmits the position and capacity information of the power supply to a power transmission company and transmits power generation quotation information to ISO; the utility calculation parameters of unit rates transmitted by a power transmission company according to the ISO in the day are combined with the power position and capacity information provided by a power generation company and the electricity purchasing amount information of the large-power users
Making a circuit upgrading scheme by decision making to form a new grid structure;
step 3) determining the transmission rate of the transmission company at the same time
And integrating the grid structure information (X) Tra ,N Tra ) Transmitting to power generation company, transmitting power transmission rate information to large electric power user, and transmitting power transmission network parameter (line length)
Line capacity
Transmission current constraints) to ISO;
step 4) the large power user combines the ISO calculated node marginal power price SP according to the determined power transmission rate of the power transmission company pi Make order electricity and DG investment plan (X) Use ,N Use ) And feeding back the purchased electric quantity information to the transmission company and ISO;
step 5) ISO makes a decision by collecting information of source-network-load three parties, makes unit rate utility calculation parameters according to power transmission network parameters of a power transmission company, transmits the unit rate utility calculation parameters to the power transmission company, and makes a power generation company output plan P g Meanwhile, the node marginal electricity price is calculated, and finally, the node marginal electricity price information is transmitted to a power generation company and a power consumer.
2. The construction method of the source-network-load planning game decision framework according to claim 1, wherein an objective function of the power large user planning model is as shown in (15):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
to plan a vector set of DG projects, where
All variables are 0-1 variables, which indicate whether a DG project is planned to be newly built or not;
a vector set representing the number of planned distributed power supply units of the large power users;
representing the total distributed power supply construction capacity of each planning scheme; mU belongs to omega mU Representing a set for planning a newly built DG project;
the electricity purchasing quantity from the main network is provided for the user; u shape Use The utility of the electricity cost of the user;
the utility of the electricity purchasing cost of the user;
purchasing electricity cost and utility for the main network of the user;
generating revenue for the distributed power;
cost effectiveness for equipment operation and maintenance;
the output of the distributed power supply c at the n node at the time t; omega c A set of distributed power sources c at n nodes;
operating maintenance rate for unit DG output;
wherein, the electricity purchasing cost utility of the large power users
The calculation formula of the main grid electricity purchasing cost and the distributed power generation income is shown as the formula (16):
in the formula, f n,t The peak load of the node n at the time t in the planning period is obtained;
the constraint conditions of the planning model of the large power user mainly comprise DG (distributed generation) candidate node access number limitation, DG permeability constraint and DG output constraint;
(1) DG (distributed generation) candidate node access number limitation
In the formula: n is a radical of i.min And N i.max Respectively is a lower limit value and an upper limit value of the DG number accessed to the node i to be selected;
(2) Node power balance constraints
In the formula: q. q of n,t The electric quantity purchased by a node n at the time t for the peak load in the planning period;
generating capacity of a distributed power supply at a node n at the moment t;
the total load of the n nodes at the time t is obtained;
(3) DG output constraint
In the formula:
and
respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of DG output;
(4) The newly built DG capacity of the large power users has the following relationship constrained by the equation:
in the formula, omega w Is a set of generator sets w; p gw Is the output of the generator set w; p g ＝[P g1 ,P g2 ,…,P gw ]The vector set of the output of each generator set; f. of pw (. Cndot.) is a scheduling function.
3. The construction method of the source-grid-load planning game decision framework according to claim 1, wherein an objective function of the power transmission company planning model is as shown in (1):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a vector set for planning transmission line project, wherein
All variables are 0-1 variables, and represent whether a project for planning the power transmission line is newly built or not;
a set of planned capacity expansions representing a power transmission company line;
the capacity expansion capacity of each planned line is represented; omega mT Representing a set of planned transmission line projects;
the transmission rate of the first line; u shape Tra Is the total utility of the transmission company;
revenue for transmission services of the transmission company;
a maintenance utility for operation;
to the operational utility;
serving a utility for the communication;
reliability utility of line l in year t; psi es Loss in power failure is unit; EENS l,t The expected value of the power shortage of the circuit l in the t year; omega l Is a line set;
wherein the utility of operation and maintenance in transmission service revenue for a transmission company
Operational utility
Communication service utility
The solving formula of (2) is shown as the formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
maximum power value flowing through line l for year t; p l cap Is the capacity of line l; p l len Is the length of line l;
modeling and analyzing the rate for the unit capacity of the power transmission company;
operating rates for unit active power of the transmission company; sigma m Operating rates for the transmission lines per unit capacity; sigma c A communication service rate for a unit length of the transmission line; relevant parameters involved in specific utility calculations, e.g.
σ m And σ c All are obtained by ISO in the decision stage;
the constraint conditions comprise newly-built line investment constraint, branch power flow constraint and safety constraint;
(1) Newly-built line quantity constraint
(2) Branch current flow restraint
In the formula: p is i.t And Q i.t Respectively the active power and the reactive power of a node i at the moment t; u shape i.t And U j.t The voltage amplitudes of the node i and the node j at the moment t are respectively; g ij And B ij Respectively the conductance and susceptance of the branch ij; theta ij Is the phase angle difference between the voltages of the node i and the node j;
(3) Safety restraint
In the formula: u shape i.min And U i.max Respectively is the lower limit and the upper limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i at any typical time t; p is ij.t And P ij.max Respectively the transmission power of branch ij at any typical time t and its upper limit value.
4. The construction method of the source-network-load planning game decision framework of claim 1, wherein an objective function of the power generation company planning model is as shown in (6):
in the formula of U Gen Represents the total utility of the power generation company;
for planning vector sets of generator set projects, wherein
All the variables are 0-1 variable, and represent whether the generator set project is newly built or not, and omega mG A set of project for planning a power generation group;
representing a set of unit planning capacities of a power generation company, wherein
Representing the planned capacity of each generator set project;
quoting information for power generation; lambda [ alpha ] pn Representing at node nNode marginal electricity price;
the electricity selling utility of the generating company unit;
the operating cost of the generating company unit; r is the discount rate; t is the year of engineering operation;
the power selling quantity at the time of the n nodes t is; omega t Is the set of peak load typical time T in the T year; omega T Is a planning cycle set; omega N Is a node set;
the unit operation rate of the generator set;
the constraint conditions comprise the quantity constraint of the newly built generating set and the output upper and lower limit constraints of the newly built generating set:
(1) Newly-built unit quantity restraint of can generating electricity
(2) Newly-built generator set output upper and lower limit restraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively output for newly built generator
Upper and lower limits of.
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