CN113935551A - Power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-subject game - Google Patents
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Abstract
A power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-subject game comprises the following steps: establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit main bodies, namely a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user respectively; according to game behaviors among three parties of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user, when a three-party game participant cannot independently change a self strategy to obtain more profits, the three parties can reach the highest profits in a balanced state, a game planning model of a three-party game mechanism is established on the basis of the balanced state, and constraint conditions are preset; solving the Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method according to preset constraint conditions, independently solving the three-party planning decision model by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and finally solving the game model of the three-party game mechanism based on the equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme. The method can plan the distribution network comprising the distributed energy sources with consideration of economy and reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power distribution network planning method. In particular to a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-subject game.
Background
With the continuous promotion of the innovation of the power system, the Chinese power industry gradually tends to be marketized. The reform of the electricity selling side enables users to have the right of independent selection and has the right of providing higher requirements for power supply companies, so that the safety and the reliability of self electricity utilization are guaranteed. Price is the most core function of the market, and in a value chain of the loop of power production to consumption, the power market can capture value fluctuation of different time, different spaces and different links and express the value fluctuation in a price form. The user is different to power supply quality, the difference of power supply reliability demand, must lead to the difference of electric energy price, and the user can be according to the difference of self demand and the difference of market electric energy price, provides the electric energy quality and the reliability requirement that are fit for oneself to power supply enterprise, and power supply enterprise's task then satisfies the reliability demand of user differentiation under the direction of market.
As a single industry with the largest carbon emission ratio in China, the emission reduction process in the power industry directly influences the carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization overall process, and the power grid has the functions of bearing energy supply and low-carbon transformation at the consumption side. The novel power system is characterized in that new energy such as wind power and photovoltaic occupies a dominant position in a power supply structure, and because the new energy has the characteristics of randomness, volatility, intermittency and the like, a power grid faces major challenges in the aspects of continuous and reliable power supply, safety, stability and the like, so that the problem of the relationship between reliability and multi-party benefit subjects needs to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a power distribution network planning method which can carry out economic efficiency and reliability planning on a power distribution network containing distributed energy and considers reliability electricity price and multi-subject game.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-subject game comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit subjects, namely a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user respectively, wherein: the planning decision model of the distributed power supply investment operator aims at the lowest expected investment cost of the distributed power supply investment operator; the power grid company planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of a power grid company; the user planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected reliability cost of the user;
2) according to game behaviors among three parties of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user, when a three-party game participant cannot independently change a self strategy to obtain more profits, the distributed power supply investment operator, the power grid company and the user can achieve the highest profits in a balanced state, a game planning model of a three-party game mechanism is established on the basis of the balanced state, and constraint conditions are preset;
3) according to preset constraint conditions, solving the Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method, independently solving a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user planning decision model by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme.
The power distribution network planning method considering the reliable electricity price and the multi-subject game respectively establishes planning decision models for three market benefit subjects of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user, and establishes a game planning model according to game behaviors among the distributed power supply investment operator, the power grid company and the user. And solving the Nash equilibrium points of the game planning model by adopting an iterative search method, and respectively carrying out optimization solution on the three-party game players by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, wherein when the three-party game players cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more profits, the distributed power supply investment operators, the power grid companies and the users achieve the highest profits in a balanced state, and the optimal strategy combination is the final planning result. The method provided by the invention can be used for planning the power distribution network containing the distributed energy sources while considering both economy and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a three-party principals of interest gaming relationship;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a chaotic particle swarm algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for solving Nash equilibrium points by an iterative search method;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a result of route planning in accordance with an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes a power distribution network planning method considering reliable electricity price and multi-subject gaming in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-subject game, which comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit subjects, namely a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user respectively, wherein: the planning decision model of the distributed power supply investment operator aims at the lowest expected investment cost of the distributed power supply investment operator; the power grid company planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of a power grid company; the user planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected reliability cost of the user; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the planning decision model of the distributed power supply investment operator establishes a payment function F of the distributed power supply investment operator by taking the lowest expected investment cost of the distributed power supply investment operator as a targetDEstablishing a payment function F of the investment operator of the distributed power supplyDEconomic factors considered comprehensively include: distributed power supply equivalent annual investment cost, operation and maintenance cost and slave power gridThe electricity purchase cost, the electricity sale income obtained from users and the power grid and the government new energy subsidy; the concrete expression is as follows:
wherein:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the equivalent annual investment cost of the distributed power supply,
in order to achieve the cost of operation and maintenance,
in order to purchase the electricity from the power grid,
for the purpose of obtaining electricity sales benefits from the power grid,
subsidizing new energy for government; n is the distributed power type; miConfiguring the number of the distributed power supplies for the ith; p is a radical ofiThe capacity of the ith distributed power supply is single; ci,dgucInvesting investment cost of an operator for installing unit capacity of the ith distributed power supply for the distributed power supply; r is the fund withdrawal rate; t isiThe service life of the ith distributed power supply is prolonged; ci,dgomThe operating and maintaining cost of installing unit capacity for the ith distributed power supply is saved.
The power grid company planning blockThe strategy model is used for establishing a payment function F of the power grid company by taking the lowest expected investment cost of the power grid company as a targetPEstablishing a payment function F of the grid companyPEconomic factors considered comprehensively include: equivalent annual investment cost and network loss cost of distributed energy resources of a power company, electricity purchasing cost of the power company from a microgrid, loss reduction benefit, electricity selling benefit of the power company, renewable energy power generation subsidy of the power company and power grid upgrading and transformation benefit delay; the concrete expression is as follows:
wherein:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the equivalent annual investment cost of the distributed energy of the power company,
in order to increase the cost of the network loss,
for the utility to purchase electricity from the microgrid for a fee,
for the electric power selling income of the electric power company,
is a patch for power generation of renewable energy sources of power companies,
in order to delay the benefit of upgrading and transforming the power grid; ci,dgpThe investment cost of the power company on the installed unit capacity of the ith distributed power supply is solved, N is the type of the distributed power supply, and M isiConfiguring the number of the distributed power supplies for the ith distributed power supply, wherein r is the fund discount rate; p is a radical ofiFor the ith distributed power supply single capacity, TiThe service life of the ith distributed power supply is prolonged; c. CepThe investment cost of unit capacity is expanded for the power distribution network, and IR is the expansion rate of the currency; y isdelayThe years of the upgrading construction of the power distribution network are delayed; tau is the annual load growth rate; and alpha is the peak load reduction ratio of the micro-grid.
The user planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected reliability cost of the user and establishes a payment function F of the user in consideration of the reliability priceUThe economic factors considered for establishing the user payment function include: the electricity purchasing cost and subsidy cost of the user are saved; the concrete expression is as follows:
wherein:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the electricity charge is purchased for the user,
subsidizing the charge to the user, CcpFor reliability of electricity price, PyFor the expected annual power consumption, M is the total number of users, Ccp,jThe reliability electricity price of the jth user.
2) According to game behaviors among three parties of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user, when a three-party game participant cannot independently change a self strategy to obtain more profits, the distributed power supply investment operator, the power grid company and the user can achieve the highest profits in a balanced state, a game planning model of a three-party game mechanism is established on the basis of the balanced state, and constraint conditions are preset; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) the game planning model comprises:
(1.1) gaming participants: a three-party game is formed by planning game participants of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and users as a power distribution network, and D, P, U represent 3 participants respectively.
(1.2) participant policy: when three parties play games, the strategies respectively select and fix the location and volume of the distributed power supply, plan the power distribution network frame and make the user electricity price by SD,SP,SURepresents;
(1.3) game planning model: and setting the three-party information of the game to be completely disclosed, namely completely dynamically playing the game. The game relationship among the three parties is shown in fig. 1, and the game planning model is represented as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the distributed power supply, the optimal result of locating and sizing is realized,
planning an optimal result for the power distribution network frame,
make the optimal result for the user's reliable electricity price, so
And (5) a balance strategy of the game planning model.
(2) The preset constraint condition comprises the following steps:
(2.1) photovoltaic array quantity constraint
NPVmin≤NPV≤NPVmax
In the formula, NPVNumber of photovoltaic arrays installed, NPVminFor minimum number of photovoltaic arrays, NPVmaxThe maximum number of photovoltaic arrays is set;
(2.2) energy storage device number constraint
NBESSmin≤NBESS≤NBESSmax
In the formula, NBESSNumber of installations for energy storage devices, NBESSminFor minimum number of energy storage devices, NBESSmaxThe maximum number of the energy storage devices is provided;
(2.3) State of Charge constraint
SOCmin≤SOC≤SOCmax
Wherein SOC is the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage batteryminIs the lower limit of the state of charge, SOC, of the energy storage cellmaxIs the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage battery;
(2.4) energy storage charging and discharging power constraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage charging power, PcTo charge the power for the stored energy,
respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage discharge power, PdDischarging power for stored energy;
(2.5) flow restraint
In the formula, Pi、QiRespectively an injected active power, an injected reactive power, U at node ii、UjThe voltage amplitudes, G, of nodes i and j, respectivelyij、BijConductance, susceptance, theta, of branch ij respectivelyijIs the voltage phase angle difference between nodes i and j;
(2.6) node Voltage constraints
Ui,min＜Ui＜Ui,max
In the formula of UiIs the voltage amplitude, U, of node i of the distribution networki,min、Ui,maxThe upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i of the power distribution network are respectively.
3) Solving Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method according to preset constraint conditions, independently solving a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user planning decision model by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme; the method for solving the Nash equilibrium point by adopting the iterative search method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) initializing a game planning model, and respectively inputting data required by the game planning model;
(2) randomly generating initial balance points in a set participant strategy space, and randomly generating a three-party game participant strategy set; the strategy space of the distributed power supply investment operator is a set of access point states of the distributed power supply, and each element in the set is the capacity of the distributed power supply which can be accessed by a node; the strategy space of the power grid company is a set of lines to be built, and each element in the set is a line selectable path; the strategy space of the user is a set of user satisfaction, and each element in the set is a reliable electricity price pricing result;
(3) the three-party game participants respectively carry out independent optimization decisions, specifically: each game participant obtains each new optimal strategy through the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the optimal strategy of the previous round under each optimization target, and the flow of the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is shown in figure 2;
(4) performing information interaction, namely performing information sharing on the optimal strategy of the three-party game participant, judging whether the optimal strategy combination meets constraint conditions, if so, entering the next step, and if not, returning to the step (3);
(5) judging whether the game planning model finds the balance points or not, if the optimal strategies obtained by the three-party game participants in two continuous rounds are the same, indicating that any game participant can not obtain more benefits by independently changing the strategies under the optimal strategy combination, and if not, returning to the step (3):
(6) and outputting an optimal strategy result.
The iterative search process flow is shown in fig. 3.
And finally, solving the game model of the three-party game mechanism based on the balance strategy of the Nash balance points to obtain a final planning scheme.
In order to further explain the power distribution network planning method considering the reliable electricity price and the multi-subject game, the invention is explained in the following with specific examples.
The method is adopted to simulate a certain power distribution network system, a simulation planning result chart is shown in fig. 4, and a scheme planning result, a reliability index and user electricity prices are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 line planning results
The simulation results of the power distribution network operation of the power grid company are shown in table 2:
table 2 simulation results of power grid company distribution network operation
According to the indexes, the method can consider the user differentiation reliability requirements in the aspect of power distribution network planning, and has practicability.
DG investment operators use chaotic particle swarm algorithm-based location and volume determination of the positions and the capacities of the distributed power supply and the energy storage equipment. Based on typical scenarios and considering controllable DG scheduling impact, the distributed renewable energy sources are optimally configured, with the results shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 chaos search based adaptive variant particle swarm algorithm DG locating and sizing result
The cost and the comprehensive cost of the DG investment operator for carrying out the site selection and volume determination of the DG are shown in the table 4.
TABLE 4 cost per item and Integrated cost
Table 4 shows seven costs, such as the location-fixed DG, the energy storage device configuration investment, the operation maintenance cost, and the line loss cost, from which: although the configuration operation cost is high, a series of economic benefits brought by high permeability enable the annual comprehensive cost to be only 778.31 ten thousand yuan, and a relatively ideal result is obtained, so that the method can obtain the economical efficiency of the operation of the power distribution network.
Based on the technical scheme, a planning decision model is respectively established for three market benefit agents, namely a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user, and a game planning model is established according to game behaviors among the distributed power supply investment operator, the power grid company and the user. And solving the Nash equilibrium points of the game planning model by adopting an iterative search method, and respectively carrying out optimization solution on the three-party game players by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, wherein when the three-party game players cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more profits, the distributed power supply investment operators, the power grid companies and the users achieve the highest profits in a balanced state, and the optimal strategy combination is the final planning result. The example results prove that the method provided by the invention can be used for planning the power distribution network containing the distributed energy sources with consideration of economy and reliability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the principle of the present invention, and all such modifications and improvements are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-subject game is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit subjects, namely a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user respectively, wherein: the planning decision model of the distributed power supply investment operator aims at the lowest expected investment cost of the distributed power supply investment operator; the power grid company planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of a power grid company; the user planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected reliability cost of the user;
2) according to game behaviors among three parties of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user, when a three-party game participant cannot independently change a self strategy to obtain more profits, the distributed power supply investment operator, the power grid company and the user can achieve the highest profits in a balanced state, a game planning model of a three-party game mechanism is established on the basis of the balanced state, and constraint conditions are preset;
3) according to preset constraint conditions, solving the Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method, independently solving a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and a user planning decision model by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decision model for planning the investment operator of the distributed power source in step 1) is a payment function F of the investment operator of the distributed power source with a goal of minimizing the expected investment cost of the investment operator of the distributed power sourceDEstablishing a payment function F of the investment operator of the distributed power supplyDEconomic factors considered comprehensively include: equivalent annual investment cost and operation and maintenance cost of the distributed power supply, electricity purchasing cost from a power grid, electricity selling income obtained from users and the power grid and government new energy subsidies; the concrete expression is as follows:
wherein:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the equivalent annual investment cost of the distributed power supply,
in order to achieve the cost of operation and maintenance,
in order to purchase the electricity from the power grid,
for the purpose of obtaining electricity sales benefits from the power grid,
subsidizing new energy for government; n is the distributed power type; miConfiguring the number of the distributed power supplies for the ith; p is a radical ofiThe capacity of the ith distributed power supply is single; ci，dgucInvesting investment cost of an operator for installing unit capacity of the ith distributed power supply for the distributed power supply; r is the fund withdrawal rate; t isiThe service life of the ith distributed power supply is prolonged; ci，dgomThe operating and maintaining cost of installing unit capacity for the ith distributed power supply is saved.
3. The method for planning the power distribution network considering the reliable electricity price and the multi-body game as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power grid company planning decision model of step 1) is used for establishing a payment function F of the power grid company with the goal of minimizing the expected investment cost of the power grid companyPEstablishing a payment function F of the grid companyPEconomic factors considered comprehensively include: equivalent annual investment cost and network loss cost of distributed energy resources of a power company, electricity purchasing cost of the power company from a microgrid, loss reduction benefit, electricity selling benefit of the power company, renewable energy power generation subsidy of the power company and power grid upgrading and transformation benefit delay; the concrete expression is as follows:
wherein:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the equivalent annual investment cost of the distributed energy of the power company,
in order to increase the cost of the network loss,
for the utility to purchase electricity from the microgrid for a fee,
for the electric power selling income of the electric power company,
is a patch for power generation of renewable energy sources of power companies,
in order to delay the benefit of upgrading and transforming the power grid; ci，dgpThe investment cost of the power company on the installed unit capacity of the ith distributed power supply is solved, N is the type of the distributed power supply, and M isiConfiguring the number of the distributed power supplies for the ith distributed power supply, wherein r is the fund discount rate; p is a radical ofiFor the ith distributed power supply single capacity, TiThe service life of the ith distributed power supply is prolonged; c. CepThe investment cost of unit capacity is expanded for the power distribution network, and IR is the expansion rate of the currency; y isdelayThe years of the upgrading construction of the power distribution network are delayed; tau is the annual load growth rate; and alpha is the peak load reduction ratio of the micro-grid.
4. The method for planning a power distribution network considering reliable electricity price and multi-body game as claimed in claim 1, wherein the user planning decision model of step 1) is based on the reliability electricity price and the multi-body gameThe expected reliability cost of the user is the lowest, and a payment function F of the user is established by considering the reliability electricity priceUThe economic factors considered for establishing the user payment function include: the electricity purchasing cost and subsidy cost of the user are saved; the concrete expression is as follows:
wherein:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the electricity charge is purchased for the user,
subsidizing the charge to the user, CcpFor reliability of electricity price, PyFor the expected annual power consumption, M is the total number of users, Ccp，jThe reliability electricity price of the jth user.
5. The method for planning the power distribution network considering the reliability electricity price and the multi-subject game according to claim 1, wherein the game planning model in the step 2) comprises:
(1) the game participant: a three-party game is formed by planning game participants of a distributed power supply investment operator, a power grid company and users as a power distribution network, and D, P, U represent 3 participants respectively.
(2) Participant strategy: when three parties play games, the strategies respectively select and fix the location and volume of the distributed power supply, plan the power distribution network frame and make the user electricity price by SD，SP，SURepresents;
(3) a game planning model: and (3) setting the three-party information of the game to be completely disclosed, wherein the game planning model is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the distributed power supply, the optimal result of locating and sizing is realized,
planning an optimal result for the power distribution network frame,
make the optimal result for the user's reliable electricity price, so
And (5) a balance strategy of the game planning model.
6. The method for planning the power distribution network considering the reliable electricity price and the multi-subject game according to claim 1, wherein the preset constraints of the step 2) comprise:
(1) photovoltaic array quantity constraints
NPVmin≤NPV≤NPVmax
In the formula, NPVNumber of photovoltaic arrays installed, NPVminFor minimum number of photovoltaic arrays, NPVmaxThe maximum number of photovoltaic arrays is set;
(2) energy storage device quantity constraint
NBESSmin≤NBESS≤NBESSmax
In the formula, NBESSNumber of installations for energy storage devices, NBESSminFor minimum number of energy storage devices, NBESSmaxThe maximum number of the energy storage devices is provided;
(3) state of charge constraint
SOCmin≤SOC≤SOCmax
Wherein SOC is the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage batteryminIs the lower limit of the state of charge, SOC, of the energy storage cellmaxIs the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage battery;
(4) energy storage charge and discharge power constraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage charging power, PcTo charge the power for the stored energy,
respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage discharge power, PdDischarging power for stored energy;
(5) flow restraint
In the formula, Pi、QiRespectively an injected active power, an injected reactive power, U at node ii、UjThe voltage amplitudes, G, of nodes i and j, respectivelyij、BijConductance, susceptance, theta, of branch ij respectivelyijIs the voltage phase angle difference between nodes i and j;
(6) node voltage constraint
Ui，min＜Ui＜Ui，max
In the formula of UiIs the voltage amplitude, U, of node i of the distribution networki，min、Ui，maxThe upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i of the power distribution network are respectively.
7. The power distribution network planning method considering the reliability electricity price and the multi-subject game as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) of solving the nash equilibrium point by using an iterative search method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) initializing a game planning model, and respectively inputting data required by the game planning model;
(2) randomly generating initial balance points in a set participant strategy space, and randomly generating a three-party game participant strategy set; the strategy space of the distributed power supply investment operator is a set of access point states of the distributed power supply, and each element in the set is the capacity of the distributed power supply which can be accessed by a node; the strategy space of the power grid company is a set of lines to be built, and each element in the set is a line selectable path; the strategy space of the user is a set of user satisfaction, and each element in the set is a reliable electricity price pricing result;
(3) the three-party game participants respectively carry out independent optimization decisions, specifically: each game participant obtains each new optimal strategy through a chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm under each optimal target according to the optimal strategy of the previous round;
(4) performing information interaction, namely performing information sharing on the optimal strategy of the three-party game participant, judging whether the optimal strategy combination meets constraint conditions, if so, entering the next step, and if not, returning to the step (3);
(5) judging whether the game planning model finds the balance points or not, if the optimal strategies obtained by the three-party game participants in two continuous rounds are the same, indicating that any game participant can not obtain more benefits by independently changing the strategies under the optimal strategy combination, and if not, returning to the step (3):
(6) and outputting an optimal strategy result.
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