CN113935551B - Power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main-body game - Google Patents
Power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main-body game Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main game comprises the following steps: respectively establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit bodies, namely a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user; according to the game behavior among the distributed power investment operators, the power grid company and the user, when the three-party game participants cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more benefits, the three parties can reach the highest benefits under the balanced state, a game planning model of a three-party game mechanism is built on the basis of the balanced state, and constraint conditions are preset; according to preset constraint conditions, solving Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method, respectively and independently solving a three-party planning decision model by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme. The invention can plan the power distribution network containing the distributed energy sources while considering the economy and the reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power distribution network planning method. In particular to a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main game.
Background
With the continuous advancement of the electric system reform, the Chinese electric power industry gradually tends to market. The reform of the electricity selling side enables the user to have the right of independent selection and has the right of providing higher requirements for the power supply company, so that the safety and reliability of self electricity utilization are guaranteed. The price is the most core function of the market, and in the value chain from power generation to consumption, the electric power market can capture the value fluctuation of different time, different space and different links and display the value fluctuation in the form of price. The user is to the difference of power quality, power supply reliability demand, must lead to the difference of electric energy price, and the user can be according to the difference of self demand and market electric energy price, puts forward the power quality and the reliability requirement that are fit for oneself to power supply enterprise, and power supply enterprise's task is then satisfied the reliability demand of user differentiation under the direction of market.
As a single industry with the largest carbon emission ratio in China, the emission reduction process in the electric power industry directly influences the carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization overall process, and the power grid fully plays a role of a platform for bearing energy supply and low-carbon transformation at the consumption side. The novel power system has the remarkable characteristics that new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like take the dominant role in a power supply structure, and the power grid faces important challenges in the aspects of continuous and reliable power supply, safety and stability and the like because the new energy sources have the characteristics of randomness, fluctuation, intermittence and the like, so that the problem of the relation between reliability and multi-party benefit bodies needs to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a power distribution network planning method which can consider reliability electricity price and multi-main game for both economical efficiency and reliability planning on a power distribution network containing distributed energy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main game comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit bodies, namely a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user, wherein: the planning decision model of the distributed power investment operator aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of the distributed power investment operator; the power grid company planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of the power grid company; the user planning decision model aims at minimizing the cost of the expected reliability of the user;
2) According to the game behavior among the three parties of the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user, when the three party game participants cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more benefits, the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user are the highest benefits which can reach an equilibrium state, a game planning model of a three party game mechanism is built on the basis of the equilibrium state, and constraint conditions are preset;
3) According to preset constraint conditions, solving Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method, respectively solving a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user planning decision model by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme.
According to the distribution network planning method considering the reliable electricity price and the multi-main game, a planning decision model is respectively built for three market benefit main bodies of a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user, and a game planning model is built according to game behaviors among the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user. And solving Nash equilibrium points of the game planning model by adopting an iterative search method, respectively carrying out optimization solution on the three-party game players by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and when the three-party game players cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more benefits, the distributed power investment operators, the power grid companies and the users reach the highest benefits under the equilibrium state, and the optimal strategy combination is the final planning result. The method provided by the invention can plan the power distribution network containing the distributed energy sources while considering both economy and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-party benefit agent gaming relationship diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a chaotic particle swarm algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for solving Nash equilibrium points by an iterative search method;
Fig. 4 is a graph of route planning results for an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main game in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a power distribution network planning method considering reliability electricity price and multi-main game, which comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit bodies, namely a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user, wherein: the planning decision model of the distributed power investment operator aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of the distributed power investment operator; the power grid company planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of the power grid company; the user planning decision model aims at minimizing the cost of the expected reliability of the user; wherein,
The planning decision model of the distributed power investment operator is to establish a payment function F D of the distributed power investment operator with the minimum expected investment cost of the distributed power investment operator as a target, and the establishment of the payment function F D of the distributed power investment operator comprehensively considers economic factors including: the distributed power supply equivalent annual investment cost and operation maintenance cost, the electricity purchasing cost from the power grid, the electricity selling benefits obtained for users and the power grid and the new government energy subsidies; the concrete steps are as follows:
Wherein:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For equivalent annual investment cost of distributed power supply,/>For operation and maintenance cost,/>For the purchase of electricity from the grid,/>For sales revenue obtained from the grid,/>The new energy patch is used for government; n is the type of distributed power supply; m i is the number of i-th distributed power supply configuration; p i is the i-th distributed power supply single unit capacity; c i,dguc is the investment cost of the i-th distributed power supply installation unit capacity by the distributed power supply investment operator; r is the fund discount rate; t i is the service life of the ith distributed power supply; and C i,dgom is the operation maintenance cost of the unit capacity installed for the ith distributed power supply.
The power grid company planning decision model is used for establishing a payment function F P of a power grid company by taking the minimum expected investment cost of the power grid company as a target, and the establishment of the payment function F P of the power grid company comprehensively considers economic factors including: the distributed energy equivalent annual investment cost of the electric power company, the grid loss cost, the electric power company electricity purchasing cost from the micro-grid, the loss reduction income, the electric power company electricity selling income, the renewable energy power generation subsidy of the electric power company and the delayed electric power upgrading and reconstruction income; the concrete steps are as follows:
Wherein:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the equal annual investment cost of distributed energy of electric power company,/>For net loss cost,/>For electric company to purchase electricity cost from micro-grid,/>Selling electricity benefits for electric power company,/>The renewable energy power generation patch for the power company,The method is used for delaying the upgrading and transformation benefits of the power grid; c i,dgp is the investment cost of the electric company to the installed unit capacity of the ith distributed power supply, N is the type of the distributed power supply, M i is the number of the ith distributed power supply configuration, and r is the fund discount rate; p i is the capacity of an ith distributed power supply unit, and T i is the service life of the ith distributed power supply; c ep is investment cost of unit capacity of power distribution network extension, and IR is expansion rate of the general cargo; y delay is the years of delay of the upgrade construction of the power distribution network; τ is the annual rate of load increase; alpha is the peak load reduction ratio of the construction micro-grid.
The user planning decision model aims at the lowest cost of the expected reliability of the user, and establishes a user payment function F U by considering the reliability electricity price, and the economic factors considered by the user payment function are established by: the electricity purchasing expense and the subsidy expense of the user; the concrete steps are as follows:
Wherein:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the user, purchase electricity cost,/>The method is characterized in that the method is used for supplementing the cost for the users, C cp is the reliable electricity price, P y is the expected annual electricity consumption, M is the total number of the users, and C cp,j is the reliable electricity price of the jth user.
2) According to the game behavior among the three parties of the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user, when the three party game participants cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more benefits, the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user are the highest benefits which can reach an equilibrium state, a game planning model of a three party game mechanism is built on the basis of the equilibrium state, and constraint conditions are preset; wherein,
(1) The game planning model comprises:
(1.1) game participants: and three-party games are formed by using a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user as planning game participants of the power distribution network, and 3 participants are respectively represented by D, P, U.
(1.2) Participant policy: when a game is carried out by three parties, the strategies are respectively used for locating and sizing the distributed power supply, planning the grid rack of the power distribution network and making the electricity price of the user, and are respectively represented by S D,SP,SU;
(1.3) Game planning model: and setting the information of the three parties in the game to be completely disclosed, namely, the complete information dynamic game. The game relationship among the three parties is shown in fig. 1, and the game planning model is expressed as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Optimal result of locating and sizing distributed power supply,/>Planning optimal results for grid rack of power distribution network,/>An optimal result is formulated for the reliable electricity price of the user, so/>And (5) an equalization strategy for the game planning model.
(2) The preset constraint conditions comprise:
(2.1) photovoltaic array quantity constraint
NPVmin≤NPV≤NPVmax
Wherein N PV is the number of photovoltaic array installation sites, N PVmin is the minimum number of photovoltaic array installation sites, and N PVmax is the maximum number of photovoltaic array installation sites;
(2.2) energy storage device quantity constraint
NBESSmin≤NBESS≤NBESSmax
Wherein N BESS is the number of energy storage device installation sites, N BESSmin is the minimum number of energy storage device installation sites, and N BESSmax is the maximum number of energy storage device installation sites;
(2.3) State of charge constraints
SOCmin≤SOC≤SOCmax
Wherein, SOC is the state of charge of the energy storage battery, SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage battery, and SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage battery;
(2.4) energy storage charging and discharging Power constraint
In the method, in the process of the invention,Respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage charging power, P c is energy storage charging power,/>Respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage discharge power, wherein P d is the energy storage discharge power;
(2.5) tidal flow restriction
Wherein P i、Qi is the injection active power and the injection reactive power at the node i, U i、Uj is the voltage amplitude of the nodes i and j, G ij、Bij is the conductance and susceptance of the branch ij, and θ ij is the voltage phase angle difference between the nodes i and j;
(2.6) node voltage constraints
Ui,min＜Ui＜Ui,max
Wherein U i is the voltage amplitude of a node i of the power distribution network, and U i,min、Ui,max is the upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i of the power distribution network respectively.
3) According to preset constraint conditions, solving Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method, adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm to independently solve a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user planning decision model, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme; the method for solving the Nash equilibrium point by adopting the iterative search method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Initializing a game planning model, and respectively inputting data required by the game planning model;
(2) Randomly generating an initial balance point in a set participant strategy space, and randomly generating a three-party game participant strategy set; the strategy space of the distributed power investment operator is a set of access point states of the distributed power supply, and each element in the set is the capacity of the distributed power supply which can be accessed by the node; the strategy space of the power grid company is a set of lines to be built, and each element in the set is a line selectable path; the policy space of the user is a set of user satisfaction, and each element in the set is a reliable electricity price pricing result;
(3) The three-party game participants respectively carry out independent optimization decisions, specifically: each game participant obtains each new optimal strategy through a chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm under each optimal target according to the optimal strategy of the previous round, and the flow of the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is shown in figure 2;
(4) Information interaction, namely carrying out information sharing on the optimal strategy of the three-party game participants, judging whether the optimal strategy combination meets constraint conditions, if yes, entering the next step, otherwise, returning to the step (3);
(5) Judging whether the game planning model finds an equilibrium point, if the optimal strategies obtained by the three-party game participants in two successive rounds are the same, then indicating that under the optimal strategy combination, any game participant cannot obtain more benefits by independently changing the strategies, at the moment, the game planning model finds the equilibrium point to enter the next step, otherwise, the game planning model does not find the equilibrium point, and returning to the step (3):
(6) And outputting an optimal strategy result.
The iterative search method flow is shown in fig. 3.
And finally solving a game model of the three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme.
In order to further describe a power distribution network planning method considering reliable electricity prices and multi-body games of the present invention, a specific example is described below.
The simulation of a certain power distribution network system is carried out by adopting the method, the simulation planning result diagram is shown in fig. 4, and the scheme planning result, the reliability index and the user electricity price are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 route planning results
The operation simulation results of the distribution network of the power grid company are shown in table 2:
table 2 simulation results of grid company distribution network operation
The method can be used for considering the differentiated reliability requirements of users in the aspect of power distribution network planning, and has practicability.
The DG investment operators use the chaotic particle swarm algorithm to address and fix the positions and the capacities of the distributed power supply and the energy storage equipment. Based on the typical scenario and considering the controllable DG scheduling impact, the distributed renewable energy source is optimally configured, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 adaptive variant particle swarm algorithm DG addressing and sizing results based on chaos search
The DG investment operator performs DG location and volume determination, and the costs and the total cost are shown in table 4.
Table 4 costs and integrated costs
Table 4 shows seven costs of DG and energy storage device configuration investment, operation maintenance cost, and line loss cost, which are addressed and fixed in volume, as follows: although the configuration operation cost is high, a series of economic benefits brought by high permeability lead the annual comprehensive cost to be only 778.31 ten thousand yuan, and the ideal result is obtained, so the method can obtain the operation economy of the power distribution network.
Based on the technical scheme, a planning decision model is respectively established for three market benefit bodies of the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user, and a game planning model is established according to game behaviors among the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user. And solving Nash equilibrium points of the game planning model by adopting an iterative search method, respectively carrying out optimization solution on the three-party game players by adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, and when the three-party game players cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more benefits, the distributed power investment operators, the power grid companies and the users reach the highest benefits under the equilibrium state, and the optimal strategy combination is the final planning result. The calculation example proves that the method provided by the invention can plan the power distribution network containing distributed energy sources with both economy and reliability.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it is intended that modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The power distribution network planning method considering the reliability electricity price and the multi-main-body game is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Respectively establishing a planning decision model for three market benefit bodies, namely a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user, wherein: the planning decision model of the distributed power investment operator aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of the distributed power investment operator; the power grid company planning decision model aims at minimizing the expected investment cost of the power grid company; the user planning decision model aims at minimizing the cost of the expected reliability of the user; wherein,
The planning decision model of the distributed power investment operator is to establish a payment function F D of the distributed power investment operator with the minimum expected investment cost of the distributed power investment operator as a target, and the establishment of the payment function F D of the distributed power investment operator comprehensively considers economic factors including: the distributed power supply equivalent annual investment cost and operation maintenance cost, the electricity purchasing cost from the power grid, the electricity selling benefits obtained for users and the power grid and the new government energy subsidies; the concrete steps are as follows:
Wherein:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For equivalent annual investment cost of distributed power supply,/>For operation and maintenance cost,/>In order to pay for electricity from the grid,For sales revenue obtained from the grid,/>The new energy patch is used for government; n is the type of distributed power supply; m i is the number of i-th distributed power supply configuration; p i is the i-th distributed power supply single unit capacity; c i,dguc is the investment cost of the i-th distributed power supply installation unit capacity by the distributed power supply investment operator; r is the fund discount rate; t i is the service life of the ith distributed power supply; c i,dgom is the operation maintenance cost of the unit capacity of the i-th distributed power supply installation;
the power grid company planning decision model is used for establishing a payment function F P of a power grid company by taking the minimum expected investment cost of the power grid company as a target, and the establishment of the payment function F P of the power grid company comprehensively considers economic factors including: the distributed energy equivalent annual investment cost of the electric power company, the grid loss cost, the electric power company electricity purchasing cost from the micro-grid, the loss reduction income, the electric power company electricity selling income, the renewable energy power generation subsidy of the electric power company and the delayed electric power upgrading and reconstruction income; the concrete steps are as follows:
Wherein:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the equal annual investment cost of distributed energy of electric power company,/>For net loss cost,/>For electric company to purchase electricity cost from micro-grid,/>Selling electricity benefits for electric power company,/>Subsidy for renewable energy power generation of electric power company,/>The method is used for delaying the upgrading and transformation benefits of the power grid; c i,dgp is the investment cost of the electric company to the installed unit capacity of the ith distributed power supply, N is the type of the distributed power supply, M i is the number of the ith distributed power supply configuration, and r is the fund discount rate; p i is the capacity of an ith distributed power supply unit, and T i is the service life of the ith distributed power supply; c ep is investment cost of unit capacity of power distribution network extension, and IR is expansion rate of the general cargo; y delay is the years of delay of the upgrade construction of the power distribution network; τ is the annual rate of load increase; alpha is the peak load reduction ratio of the construction micro-grid;
the user planning decision model aims at the lowest cost of the expected reliability of the user, and establishes a user payment function F U by considering the reliability electricity price, and the economic factors considered by the user payment function are established by: the electricity purchasing expense and the subsidy expense of the user; the concrete steps are as follows:
Wherein:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the user, purchase electricity cost,/>Subsidy cost for users, C cp is reliable electricity price, P y is estimated annual electricity consumption, M is total number of users, and C cp,j is reliable electricity price of jth user;
2) According to the game behavior among the three parties of the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user, when the three party game participants cannot independently change own strategies to obtain more benefits, the distributed power investment operator, the power grid company and the user are the highest benefits which can reach an equilibrium state, a game planning model of a three party game mechanism is built on the basis of the equilibrium state, and constraint conditions are preset; the game planning model comprises:
(1) Game participants: three-party games are formed by using a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user as planning game participants of a power distribution network, and 3 participants are respectively represented by D, P, U;
(2) Participant policy: when a game is carried out by three parties, the strategies are respectively used for locating and sizing the distributed power supply, planning the grid rack of the power distribution network and making the electricity price of the user, and are respectively represented by S D,SP,SU;
(3) Game planning model: setting the information of the three parties of the game to be completely disclosed, and expressing a game planning model as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Optimal result of locating and sizing distributed power supply,/>Planning optimal results for grid rack of power distribution network,/>An optimal result is formulated for the reliable electricity price of the user, so/>An equalization strategy for a game planning model;
3) According to preset constraint conditions, solving Nash equilibrium points by adopting an iterative search method, adopting a chaotic particle swarm algorithm to independently solve a distributed power investment operator, a power grid company and a user planning decision model, and finally solving a game model of a three-party game mechanism based on an equilibrium strategy of the Nash equilibrium points to obtain a final planning scheme; the method for solving the Nash equilibrium point by adopting the iterative search method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Initializing a game planning model, and respectively inputting data required by the game planning model;
(2) Randomly generating an initial balance point in a set participant strategy space, and randomly generating a three-party game participant strategy set; the strategy space of the distributed power investment operator is a set of access point states of the distributed power supply, and each element in the set is the capacity of the distributed power supply which can be accessed by the node; the strategy space of the power grid company is a set of lines to be built, and each element in the set is a line selectable path; the policy space of the user is a set of user satisfaction, and each element in the set is a reliable electricity price pricing result;
(3) The three-party game participants respectively carry out independent optimization decisions, specifically: each game participant obtains each new optimal strategy through a chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm under each optimal target according to the optimal strategy of the previous round;
(4) Information interaction, namely carrying out information sharing on the optimal strategy of the three-party game participants, judging whether the optimal strategy combination meets constraint conditions, if yes, entering the next step, otherwise, returning to the step (3);
(5) Judging whether the game planning model finds an equilibrium point, if the optimal strategies obtained by the three-party game participants in two successive rounds are the same, then indicating that under the optimal strategy combination, any game participant cannot obtain more benefits by independently changing the strategies, at the moment, the game planning model finds the equilibrium point to enter the next step, otherwise, the game planning model does not find the equilibrium point, and returning to the step (3):
(6) And outputting an optimal strategy result.
2. The method for planning a power distribution network in consideration of reliable electricity prices and multi-body games according to claim 1, wherein the preset constraint conditions in step 2) include:
(1) Photovoltaic array quantity constraint
NPVmin≤NPV≤NPVmax
Wherein N PV is the number of photovoltaic array installation sites, N PVmin is the minimum number of photovoltaic array installation sites, and N PVmax is the maximum number of photovoltaic array installation sites;
(2) Energy storage device quantity constraint
NBESSmin≤NBESS≤NBESSmax
Wherein N BESS is the number of energy storage device installation sites, N BESSmin is the minimum number of energy storage device installation sites, and N BESSmax is the maximum number of energy storage device installation sites;
(3) State of charge constraints
SOCmin≤SOC≤SOCmax
Wherein, SOC is the state of charge of the energy storage battery, SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage battery, and SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage battery;
(4) Energy storage charge-discharge power constraint
In the method, in the process of the invention,Respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage charging power, P c is energy storage charging power,/>Respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of energy storage discharge power, wherein P d is the energy storage discharge power;
(5) Tidal current constraint
Wherein P i、Qi is the injection active power and the injection reactive power at the node i, U i、Uj is the voltage amplitude of the nodes i and j, G ij、Bij is the conductance and susceptance of the branch i j, and theta ij is the voltage phase angle difference between the nodes i and j;
(6) Node voltage constraint
Ui,min＜Ui＜Ui,max
Wherein U i is the voltage amplitude of a node i of the power distribution network, and U i,min、Ui,max is the upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage amplitude of the node i of the power distribution network respectively.
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