CN115639315A - Marine shellfish and algae breeding driven fishery carbon sink metering method and carbon sink evaluation method - Google Patents
Marine shellfish and algae breeding driven fishery carbon sink metering method and carbon sink evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fishery carbon sink metering method driven by seawater shellfish-algae cultivation and a carbon sink evaluation method a ＝C b +C s +C r In the formula, C a The annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon is represented by t a ‑1 ，C b The annual deposit carbon deposit is expressed in ta ‑1 ，C s The annual calcification amount of shell carbon is represented by ta ‑1 ，C r The annual storage capacity of seawater carbon is represented by t a ‑1 . And calculating the annual storage capacity of seawater carbon through a formula to be used as a judgment basis for judging whether the cultivation activity is carbon sink or carbon source. The invention also discloses a method for evaluating the carbon sink by adopting the carbon sink metering result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fishery carbon sink metering and function evaluation, and particularly relates to a fishery carbon sink metering method and a carbon sink evaluation method driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation.
Background
The ocean is the largest carbon reservoir of the earth, and enhancing the carbon sink of the ocean ecosystem is an important way to achieve the aim of 'carbon neutralization'. China is the biggest country for cultivating and producing seawater shellfish and algae in the world, and the method for measuring the carbon sink in the fishery is characterized in that the method for measuring the carbon sink in the fishery is scientific, accurate and systematic, and the method for measuring the carbon sink in the fishery has mature technology, low cost and economic, ecological and social benefits through the multiplication of cultivated organisms.
The research on the shellfish-algae carbon sink measurement is mainly used for measuring and calculating fishery carbon sink based on a 'removable carbon sink' model, but neglects the problem of short storage period of biological carbon, so that the shellfish-algae carbon sink capability is seriously overestimated. Meanwhile, the research on the scientific principle and the process mechanism of the shellfish-algae cultivation carbon sink is still difficult at present, and a uniform carbon sink metering standard is not formed yet. The biological carbon balance takes the physiological metabolic process of biological individuals and the whole food chain/net as a black box, and can avoid the complex physiological metabolic calculation process, but the carbon balance of the biological individuals of a plurality of nutrition layers is connected in series by the ecological conversion efficiency of each nutrition layer by using the metering method of the food chain/net, only the biological carbon is focused, and the problem of short storage period of the biological carbon and other carbon banks in the biological geochemical cycle process are ignored.
Although shellfish-algae culture is listed as the ocean carbon sink in China, the view of dominating shellfish-algae culture internationally still considers that shellfish-algae culture generates atmospheric CO 2 Of (2) is determined. Ultimately, the debate on aquaculture-driven carbon sequestration functions lies primarily in the lack of convincing methods of carbon sequestration metering.
Therefore, aiming at the dispute of the carbon sink function driven by mariculture, an evaluation method which is simple and clear in principle, accurate and easy in data acquisition and few in uncertain factors needs to be established urgently, a fishery carbon sink metering model is constructed from the ecosystem level on the basis of the classical 'removable carbon sink' model and 'biological carbon sink' model, and the identity and the acceptance sense of carbon sink experts at home and abroad on the fishery carbon sink function are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for metering carbon sink in fishery driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation, which obtains the annual storage amount of seawater carbon through calculation as a judgment basis for judging whether cultivation activities are carbon sink or carbon source.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fishery carbon sink metering method driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation needs to be executed under the following two precondition conditions:
(1) The influence of natural environmental factors of the bay, such as terrestrial runoff, water exchange inside and outside the bay, underground water release and the like, is not considered, and the natural carbon behaviors objectively exist and are not influenced by cultivation activities;
(2) The characteristic that the annual yield of the shellfish algae in the adjacent years is similar is utilized, and the consumption type biochar returning to the land in the current year is considered as atmospheric CO which has been compared with the previous year by taking the controversial biochar into consideration 2 Neutralization counteraction, sea-gas interface CO studied in the current year 2 The flux is equivalent to deducting CO released by the harvested shellfish algae 2 Under the condition, the seawater ecosystem is regarded as a black box, and the stored carbon is obtained by measuring and analyzing the components of dissolved carbon serving as input outside the black box and buried carbon, calcified carbon and stored carbon serving as output, and is used for analyzing the carbon source or carbon sink pattern of the black box;
the carbon sink metering model formula adopted by the metering method is formula (1):
C a ＝C b +C s +C r formula (1)
In the formula, C a The annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon is represented by t a -1 ，C b The annual deposit carbon deposit is expressed in ta -1 ，C s The annual calcification amount of shell carbon is represented by ta -1 ，C r Is the annual storage capacity of seawater carbon, and has the unit of ta -1 ；
The annual storage capacity of seawater carbon is calculated by the formula (1).
The principle of the fishery carbon sink metering method driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation is as follows: the method is characterized in that the vertical transportation of the carbon mediated by the shellfish-algae cultivation along the direction of 'atmosphere-seawater-sediment' is taken as a research main line, a seawater medium is taken as an opaque black box, the properties of the black box are analyzed by researching the components of carbon input and carbon output outside the black box, and the annual storage capacity of seawater carbon is finally calculated and obtained and is used as the basis for judging whether the subsequent cultivation activity is carbon sink or carbon source.
Further, the carbon sink metering method comprises the following steps: dividing different areas such as a shellfish culture area, an algae culture area, a shellfish and algae mixed culture area and an open sea aquaculture-free area according to culture types, and arranging more than or equal to 12 sampling points to completely cover the 4 areas; selecting 2-3 days of 1 month, 4 months, 7 months and 10 months of the year to carry out sea survey sampling, and calculating CO at sea-gas interface 2 Flux, sediment carbon sequestration flux and amount of shell calcification.
In the present invention, the sea-gas interface CO 2 The flux calculation was obtained by the following steps: measuring the temperature and salinity of surface seawater in different areas of the aquaculture bay by using a portable water quality analyzer, and measuring the pH value of the surface seawater by using a precise portable pH meter, wherein the surface seawater refers to seawater with the depth of 0.5m below the water; collecting surface seawater with 5L organic glass water sampler, extracting 50mL surface seawater with sterile syringe, slowly filtering with pretreated Whatman GF/F filter membrane to obtain pretreated brown glass bottle, and quickly dropwise adding 5 μ L saturated HgCl 2 Sealing the solution, storing at 4 ℃ in dark place, and completing the Total Alkalinity (TA) determination within 24 h; TA was measured using a total alkalinity titrator; using seawater CO in combination with temperature, salinity, pH and TA data 2 System computing program software (CO 2_ SYS _ XLS) for computing surface sea water area CO 2 Partial pressure (pCO) 2 ) (ii) a CO at sea-gas interface 2 The flux is calculated by the formula (2),
FCO 2 ＝k×α×ΔpCO 2 formula (2)
In the formula, FCO 2 Is the sea-gas interface CO 2 Flux in mmol m -2 d -1 K is the sea-gas interface CO 2 Transmission speed in cm h -1 Alpha is CO 2 Solubility coefficient in seawater in mol kg -1 ，ΔpCO 2 Is sea, gas CO 2 Partial pressure difference, atmospherepCO 2 Data may be downloaded from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website; CO at sea-gas interface 2 The transmission speed k is calculated by the formula (3),
k＝0.251×u 10 2 /(Sc/660) -1/2 formula (3)
In the formula u 10 Is the wind speed at 10m from the sea surface, in ms -1 Can be downloaded from a world weather organization website, and Sc is CO 2 The Schmidt number in seawater can be obtained by calculation according to a formula (4),
Sc＝2073.1-125.62×T+3.6276×T 2 -0.043219×T 3 formula (4)
Wherein T is the temperature of the seawater and the unit is;
the annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon was calculated according to the following formula (5),
in the formula, C a The annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon is represented by t a -1 ，F j Sea-air interface CO for the jth region of gulf 2 Flux in mmol m -2 d -1 ，S j Is the area of the jth region of the bay and has a unit of km 2 Measured by combining field GPS sailing with ArcGIS software, 90 is one quarter time, the unit is d,12 is the molar mass of carbon, and the unit is g mol -1 ，
Is the dissolved amount of the atmospheric carbon in the ith quarter in the unit of t.
In the invention, the sediment carbon burying flux is obtained by subtracting the carbon diffusion flux of a sediment-overlying water interface from the carbon depositing flux in the sediment, namely the formula (6),
F b ＝F s -F d formula (6)
In the formula, F b Carbon sequestration flux for sediment in gm -2 d -1 ，F s To be deposited byFlux of carbon deposit in gm -2 d -1 ，F d Carbon diffusion amount of deposit in gm -2 d -1 The sediment carbon comprises sediment Organic Carbon (OC) or sediment Inorganic Carbon (IC);
said deposit carbon deposition flux (F) s ) Obtained by calculation of formula (7) and formula (8):
F s ＝C i ×SR×ρ d formula (7)
In the formula, C i The content of Organic Carbon (OC) or Inorganic Carbon (IC) in the deposit is mg g -1 SR is the deposit deposition rate in mm d -1 ，ρ d Is the dry density of the deposit, in gcm -3 WC is the water content of the sediment, and the unit is percent rho sed The density of the deposit is 2.56g cm -3 ，ρ water The value is 1.026g cm for interstitial water density -3 ；
The deposit deposition rate SR is obtained by: collecting columnar sediments in different areas of gulf on site by using a gravity vertical columnar mud collector, taking the columnar sediments back to a laboratory, cutting the sediments from bottom to top at a section of 0-5cm in thickness of 1cm, at a section of 5-15cm in thickness of 3cm, and at the position from 15cm to the tail end in thickness of 5cm to obtain sediment samples, and storing the sediment samples at-20 ℃ until analysis; in a laboratory, uniformly mixing layered sediment samples, freeze-drying in a vacuum freeze dryer, grinding and crushing in an agate mortar, and sieving by a sieve of 100-mum; the sample was sealed in a 10mL sample tube and the height and mass of the sealed sample were recorded, followed by 21 days until 226 Ra and 222 measuring Rn by using a gamma-energy spectrometer after the Rn reaches balance 210 The specific activity of Pb; the deposition rate is calculated using equation (9),
wherein H is depth in cm, and λ is 210 Decay constant of Pb, 0.3114a -1 ，I h At a depth h 210 Pb radioactivity in Bq/Kg, I 0 Being the surface of a columnar deposit 210 The activity of Pb is Bq/Kg;
the content and the water content of the sediment Organic Carbon (OC) and the sediment Inorganic Carbon (IC) are obtained by the following modes: collecting surface sediments with the underwater depth of 0-2.5cm by using a grab bucket type mud sampler, vertically inserting the sediments into a pretreated cylindrical aluminum box and filling the pretreated cylindrical aluminum box, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical aluminum box is 4cm, the height of the cylindrical aluminum box is 2.5cm, and the rest surface sediments are filled into a 50mL centrifugal tube; weighing the wet weight of the deposit in the aluminum box, freeze-drying the deposit sample by using a vacuum freeze dryer, weighing the dry weight again, calculating the water content of the deposit according to the formula in the R < lambda >,
wherein WC is the water content of the deposit, and the unit is%, M w And M d Wet and dry weights of the sediment, in g, respectively;
grinding the dried sediment sample in an agate mortar, sieving by a sieve of 100-mu m, wherein one part of the sample is used for measuring the Total Carbon (TC) content of the sediment, and the other part of the sample is added with 1mol L -1 Mixing HCl until no gas is generated to remove inorganic carbon, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, freeze-drying again, grinding, and measuring the content of Organic Carbon (OC) in the sediment;
said deposit carbon diffusion flux (C) d ) Obtained by the following method: slowly taking overlying water by using a water sampler at a position 20-50cm away from the surface of the sediment to avoid mutual disturbance of the overlying water and the sediment; centrifuging the sediment filled into a 50mL centrifuge tube in a centrifuge to obtainWater is added in the gap, the centrifugal time of a centrifugal machine is 15 minutes, and the rotating speed is 5000r/min; immediately filtering the mixture with a pretreated Whatman GF/F filter membrane after covering water and interstitial water are obtained; the filtrate was transferred to a 50mL pretreated brown glass bottle and 5. Mu.L of saturated HgCl was added 2 Sealing the solution, and storing at 4 deg.C in dark place; shimadzu TOC-V for preserved samples CPH Measuring the concentrations of Total Carbon (TC) of the overlying water or interstitial water and Inorganic Carbon (IC) of the overlying water or interstitial water by using a model total organic carbon analyzer; the concentration difference between the Total Carbon (TC) of the overlying water or interstitial water and the Inorganic Carbon (IC) of the overlying water or interstitial water is the concentration of the Organic Carbon (OC) of the overlying water or interstitial water;
calculating the diffusion flux of Organic Carbon (OC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC) of the sediment at the interface of the sediment and the overlying water by using Fick's first diffusion law
The following were used:
in the formula, F d Flux of Organic Carbon (OC) or Inorganic Carbon (IC) released from deposit at deposit-water interface in mg m -2 d -1 (ii) a Phi is sediment porosity in%; delta C/Delta X is the concentration gradient of Organic Carbon (OC) or Inorganic Carbon (IC) in the sediment between the interstitial water and overlying water Xcm and has a unit of mu g cm -3 /cm；D sed Is the diffusion coefficient of the Organic Carbon (OC) or Inorganic Carbon (IC) of the deposit, wherein the diffusion coefficient of the Organic Carbon (OC) of the deposit is 1.22 x 10 -6 cm 2 s -1 The Inorganic Carbon (IC) diffusion coefficient of the deposit is 6.32 x 10 -6 cm 2 s -1 ；
The porosity of the sediment is expressed by the formula
The calculation is carried out according to the calculation,
wherein phi is the porosity of the deposit, and the unit is%, WC is the water content of the deposit, and the unit is%, rho sed The average density of the surface sediment is 2.56g cm -3 ，ρ water The horizontal average density of the surface sediment gap is 1.026g cm -3 ；
According to the formula
Calculating the annual deposit amount of the sediment carbon in the model,
in the formula, C b Is the annual carbon deposit in ta -1 ，F bj The burial flux of carbon in the j-th area of gulf in gm -2 d -1 ，S j Is the area of the jth region of the bay and has a unit of km 2 90 is a quarterly time in units of d,
is the carbon sequestration for the ith quaternary deposit in t.
In the invention, the carbon calcification amount is calculated by a formula
The calculation is carried out in such a way that,
in the formula, C s The annual calcification amount of shell carbon is represented by ta -1 P is the annual yield of cultured shellfish, the unit is t, the yield is obtained by statistics of local marine fishery bureau, S is the shell dry mass percentage, the unit is percent, C shell Is the shell carbon content in mg g -1 。
Obtaining the shell dry mass ratio (S): randomly collecting 30-50 harvested shell organisms, removing surface fouling organisms, measuring wet weight, steaming at 100 deg.C for 10min, separating soft body and shell, oven drying shell at 60 deg.C, weighing, and making into desired dosage form
The calculation is carried out in such a way that,
in the formula, M shell Is dry weight of shell, unit is g, M organism Is the biological wet weight of the shellfish, and the unit is g;
grinding and pulverizing shell in agate mortar, sieving at 100- μm, and measuring carbon content (C) in shell with element analyzer shell )。
Annual amount of dissolved in atmospheric carbon already obtained (C) a ) Annual deposit carbon deposit (C) b ) And annual calcification of shell carbon (C) s ) On the basis of data, the annual storage capacity (C) of seawater carbon is calculated and obtained through a carbon sink metering model formula (1) of shellfish and algae cultivation r )。
In the present invention, the Whatman GF/F filters are obtained by: whatman GF/F filters were fired at 480 ℃ for 6-8h.
In the invention, the brown glass bottle is obtained in the following way: soaking brown glass bottle in dilute hydrochloric acid for more than 24 hr, sequentially rinsing with distilled water and Milli-Q water for 3 times, and igniting at 480 deg.C for 6-8 hr.
In the invention, the cylindrical aluminum box is obtained in the following way: the cylindrical aluminum box is rinsed with distilled water and Milli-Q water for 3 times, and then burned at 480 ℃ for 6-8h.
In the present invention, the saturated HgCl is 2 The solution preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 8g of HgCl 2 Dissolving in 100g of water, stirring fully, standing, observing the appearance of crystals in the solution, namely saturated HgCl 2 And (3) solution.
The invention also aims to provide a method for evaluating the carbon sink of the marine shellfish-algae breeding-driven fishery industry.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for evaluating the carbon sink by adopting the fishery carbon sink metering result driven by the marine shellfish-algae cultivation has the following judgment standard:
if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon is a positive value, the seawater carbon is dissolved into CO 2 All can be converted into organic carbon or CaCO 3 Sealing and storing in an equal form, wherein the culture bay presents carbon sink;
if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of seawater carbon is negative, the result indicates that CO needs to be released to a seawater system in the process of sediment burial and shell calcified carbon reservoir formation 2 The culture bay is expressed as a carbon source;
if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon is zero, indicating that the seawater is dissolved into CO 2 Just forms sediment embedding carbon reservoirs and shell calcified carbon reservoirs, and the culture bay shows a carbon neutralization state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) The theory support of the invention is a black box principle, and avoids the complexity, the unknown and the uncertainty of the biogeochemical process of carbon in a seawater ecosystem, so that the carbon sink function assessment method for shellfish and algae cultivation is more scientific and accurate.
(2) The invention does not relate to the natural carbon behaviors such as surface runoff, seawater exchange inside and outside the bay, underground water discharge and the like which objectively exist, simplifies the carbon input and carbon output ways of the shellfish-algae culture ecosystem, and more clearly highlights the influence of shellfish-algae culture production activities on the distribution of carbon reservoirs of each group of the bay.
(3) According to the invention, the diffusion migration of the carbon of the sediment on the sediment-overlying water interface is considered, and the carbon burial is the sediment carbon deposition amount minus the carbon amount diffused by the sediment to the overlying water body, so that the accuracy of carbon burial measurement is improved.
(4) The sample related to the invention is easy to obtain in field operation, the seawater and sediment sample collection work is the conventional work of marine ecosystem investigation and sampling, the investigation and sampling method is mature, the working efficiency is high, and the method is simple and easy to operate.
(5) The support data does not relate to biological physiological metabolic activity, avoids the limitation of physiological and ecological simulation experiments, and has higher calculation, quantification, accuracy and objectivity, and CO (carbon monoxide) at the sea-gas interface 2 The method for measuring the parameters such as flux, sediment deposition rate, carbon content and carbon concentration is advanced, mature and reliable.
(6) The invention relates to a method for metering fishery carbon sink driven by mariculture, which can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the carbon source/carbon sink pattern of a culture bay, has complicated mechanism and process of biogeochemical carbon circulation of a bay ecosystem, and is difficult to accurately measure atmospheric CO dissolved in a sea area 2 To and component of, and previously based on the sea-gas interface CO 2 The flux index is only used for qualitative research on the sea area carbon source/carbon sink, and accurate quantification cannot be realized.
(7) The invention does not relate to controversial harvest carbon sink, such as biological carbon of consumption type seaweed and shellfish soft tissue, but utilizes the characteristic that the annual yield of the seaweed culture in adjacent years is approximate, and the consumption type biological carbon returning to the land in the current year is regarded as atmospheric CO in the previous year 2 Neutralization counteraction, sea-gas interface CO studied in the current year 2 The flux is equivalent to the deduction of CO released by the harvested shellfish algae 2 。
(8) The invention constructs a mariculture driven carbon sink metering model from the ecosystem level, namely, the carbon of dissolved gases = sediment buried carbon + shell calcified carbon + seawater storage carbon, and the carbon reservoir component stored in the seawater system can be calculated through the model. Not only can scientifically judge the carbon source/carbon sink pattern of the culture bay, but also can judge the carbon source sink amount of the seawater system. If the carbon storage of seawater is positive, the CO is dissolved in the seawater 2 All can be converted into organic carbon or CaCO 3 Sealing and storing in an equal form, wherein the culture bay presents carbon sink; if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon is a negative value, the result indicates that the carbon reservoir needs to be dissolved into the atmosphere CO2 and also comes from CO2 released by a seawater system in the process of sediment burying and shell calcification carbon reservoir formation, and the culture bay is represented as a carbon source; if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon is zero, the seawater carbon indicates that the deposition just formed by the CO2 dissolved in the seawaterThe buried carbon reservoir and the shell calcified carbon reservoir are buried in the object, and the breeding bay shows a carbon neutralization state.
(9) On the basis of scientific measurement of carbon sink in the existing culture mode, the carbon sink measurement equation can be used for further assuming the components of each group of carbon banks in the gulf in different culture modes, predicting the carbon sink effect of the gulf in different culture modes and scientifically guiding people to reasonably culture and produce and apply the carbon sink amplification technology.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the fishery carbon sink driven by the Babyia formosana cultivation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of fishery carbon sink survey sampling stations driven by the Bay shellfish-algae cultivation in Mulberry gulf according to the present invention, which sequentially comprises a oyster shellfish cultivation area, a shellfish cultivation area such as oysters and scallops, a shellfish and algae mixed cultivation area, a kelp algae cultivation area and an open sea aquaculture-free area from left to right;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation results of the carbon pool component in the fishery carbon sink metering model driven by Babyia sanguinea cultivation.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a fishery carbon sink metering method driven by the cultivation of baystilus sanguinea, as shown in fig. 1, the metering method comprises the following steps:
(1) Making an experimental scheme
According to different breeding species, the mulberry field bay is divided into 4 areas, namely an open sea non-breeding area, an algae breeding area, a shellfish and algae mixed breeding area and a shellfish breeding area, as shown in fig. 2.
The layout of 21 sampling points completely covered the above 4 areas. According to the weather and sea conditions during the investigation, 3 days of 1 month, 2 days of 4 months, 2 days of 7 months and 3 days of 10 months in a year are selected for sea going investigation and sampling, and the ecological environmental characteristics of the bay in spring, summer, autumn and winter are represented in 4 seasons of the whole year respectively.
(2) Pre-investigation pretreatment
Pretreating glass bottles, aluminum boxes and the like: soaking the required glass bottle, aluminum box, etc. in diluted hydrochloric acid for more than 24h, sequentially rinsing with distilled water and Milli-Q water for 3 times, and burning at 480 deg.C for 8h. The glass bottle is a 50mL brown screw bottle, and the aluminum box is cylindrical, has a diameter of 4cm and a height of 2.5cm.
Pretreatment of Whatman GF/F filters: whatman GF/F filters used to filter water samples were burned at 480 ℃ for 8h.
Water sample fixing agent saturated HgCl 2 Solution preparation: weighing 8g of HgCl 2 Dissolving the reagent in 100g of water, fully stirring, standing, observing a small amount of crystals in the solution, and obtaining saturated HgCl 2 And (3) solution.
(3) Offshore investigation sampling
The marine sampling objects are mainly seawater and sediments. And positioning a sampling point in the sea area by using a GPS on site, measuring the temperature and salinity of surface seawater by using a portable water quality analyzer, wherein the surface seawater refers to seawater with the depth of 0.5m below the sea, and measuring the pH value of the surface seawater by using a precise portable pH meter. Collecting surface seawater with 5L organic glass water sampler, extracting 50mL surface seawater with sterile syringe, slowly filtering with pretreated Whatman GF/F filter membrane to obtain pretreated brown glass bottle, and rapidly dropwise adding 5 μ L saturated HgCl 2 The solution is sealed and stored at 4 ℃ in the dark. The overburden water was slowly taken with a water sampler 50cm from the surface of the sediment. The columnar sediment was collected using a gravity vertical columnar mud sampler. Collecting surface sediments with the underwater depth of 0-2.5cm by using a grab bucket type mud sampler, vertically inserting the sediments into a cylindrical aluminum box and filling the cylindrical aluminum box with the surface sediments, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical aluminum box is 4cm, the height of the cylindrical aluminum box is 2.5cm, and the rest surface sediments are filled into a 50mL centrifugal tube. 50 oysters and scallops are collected and cultured respectively in the harvest season. All seawater, sediment and biological samples were stored in a 4 ℃ refrigerator and quickly transported back to the laboratory for processing.
(4) Sample processing
In laboratory, cutting the collected columnar sediment from bottom to top at 0-5cm section with thickness of 1cm, 5-15cm section with thickness of 3cm, and 15cm to end with thickness of 5cm to obtain sediment sample, mixing the layered sediment samples, freeze drying in vacuum freeze drier, grinding in agate mortar, pulverizing, sieving at 100- μm, sealing in 10mL sample tube, and recordingThe height and mass of the sealed sample are recorded and determined. Weighing the wet weight of the sediment in the aluminum box, freeze-drying the sediment sample by using a vacuum freeze-drying machine, weighing the dry weight again, and deducting the mass of the aluminum box from the mass of the sediment sample to obtain the wet weight and the dry weight of the sediment sample. Then, grinding the dried sediment sample in an agate mortar, sieving by a sieve of 100-mu m, wherein one part of the sample is used for measuring the Total Carbon (TC) content of the sediment, and the other part of the sample is added with 1mol L -1 HCl was mixed until no gas was generated to remove Inorganic Carbon (IC) deposited, rinsed with deionized water until the filtrate pH was neutral, and lyophilized again and ground for determination of Organic Carbon (OC) content of the deposited material. And centrifuging the sediment filled into a 50mL centrifuge tube in a centrifuge for 15 minutes at a rotation speed of 5000r/min to obtain interstitial water. Immediately after the supernatant and interstitial water were obtained, they were filtered through pre-treated Whatman GF/F filters. The filtrate was transferred to a pretreated brown screw glass bottle, and 5. Mu.L of saturated HgCl was added 2 The solution is sealed and stored in dark at 4 ℃. Removing fouling organisms on the surface of oyster and scallop, measuring wet weight, steaming at 100 deg.C for 10min, separating soft body and shell, oven drying the shell at 60 deg.C, weighing, grinding with agate mortar, pulverizing, sieving at 100- μm, and measuring C content.
(5) Sample on-machine detection
The total alkalinity of the surface seawater sample is measured by a total alkalinity titrator, and the TC and IC concentrations of the overlying water and the interstitial water sample are measured by an Shimadzu TOC-VCPH type total organic carbon analyzer. The sediment and shell samples were tested for C content using an elemental analyzer. The treated layered sediment sample is left for 21 days 226 Ra and 222 measuring Rn by using a gamma-spectrometer after the Rn reaches balance 210 Specific activity of Pb.
(6) Index calculation
Based on data obtained in the field and laboratory, including obtained seawater temperature, salinity, pH, total alkalinity, wind speed, and atmospheric pCO 2 Equal parameters, and calculating the CO of the sea-gas interface by adopting the formulas (2) to (4) 2 Flux, the wet weight, dry weight, total carbon and organic carbon content of the obtained deposit, 210 Indexes such as Pb specific activity, total carbon of overlying water and interstitial water, organic carbon concentration and the like;adopts the formula (6)
And calculating the deposit carbon burying flux. Bay sea-air interface CO of Sanggou 2 The regional and seasonal distribution data of flux are shown in table 1, and the regional and seasonal distribution data of carbon sequestration flux of sediment in the gulf of mulberry are shown in table 2.
Table 1: bay sea of Sangou-air interface CO 2 Spatio-temporal data of flux (unit: mmol m) -2 d -1 )
| Spring season | (Summer) | Autumn season | Winter season | |
| Non-breeding area | -26.41±19.98 | 5.17±4.92 | -36.46±5.54 | -8.90±2.83 |
| Algae cultivation area | -63.35±10.39 | -4.54±14.15 | -45.65±9.48 | -24.94±5.77 |
| Shellfish and algae cultivationZone(s) | -34.22±10.87 | 5.23±5.39 | -52.57±7.89 | -34.15±3.73 |
| Shellfish culture area | -21.33±18.93 | 6.38±13.01 | -61.32±6.16 | -42.54±11.66 |
Table 2: spatio-temporal data (unit: gm) of carbon sequestration flux of sediment in Bay of Sanguing -2 d -1 )
| Spring season | (Summer) | Autumn | Winter season | |
| Non-breeding area | 0.061±0.002 | 0.069±0.012 | 0.081±0.012 | 0.049±0.015 |
| Algae cultivation area | 0.113±0.024 | 0.141±0.006 | 0.159±0.053 | 0.095±0.029 |
| Shellfish and algae culture area | 0.136±0.041 | 0.197±0.022 | 0.190±0.034 | 0.141±0.020 |
| Shellfish culture area | 0.204±0.107 | 0.308±0.094 | 0.361±0.151 | 0.178±0.044 |
The areas of different areas of the mulberry ditch bay are measured through field GPS navigation and ArcGIS software, and the area of the non-breeding area is 29km 2 The area of the algae cultivation area is 40km 2 The area of the shellfish-algae polyculture area is 20km 2 The area of the shellfish culture area is 55km 2 。
The annual dissolved amount of atmospheric C was calculated to be 1.76X 10 according to the formula (5) 4 ta -1 ，
According to the formula
The annual buried amount of the carbon deposit is calculated to be 0.89 multiplied by 10 4 ta -1 。
According to the statistical data of the Yangou Bay breeding production of the Yangou development bureau of Rongcheng City, the annual yield of the oyster and the scallop bred in the Yangou Bay is respectively 6 multiplied by 10 4 t and 1.5X 10 4 t。
By the formula
Calculating the dry mass ratio of the oyster and the scallop shell to be 63.80 percent and 56.58 percent respectively,
according to the formula
The annual calcification amount of the kauri fern in Bay of Sanguinao was calculated to be 0.54 × 10 4 ta -1 。
According to the formula (1) of the shellfish-algae cultivation carbon sink metering model, the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon in the gulf of mulberry ditch is calculated to be 0.33 multiplied by 10 4 t a -1 The respective sets of carbon library components are shown in FIG. 3.
(7) Carbon sequestration evaluation analysis
Based on the above research results, it was found that the carbon storage in seawater is positive, indicating that the seawater is dissolved into CO 2 Organic carbon and CaCO convertible to sediment and water 3 And (4) sealing and storing in an equal form, wherein the Bay ecosystem driven by the shellfish-algae cultivation is expressed as carbon sink.
On the basis, different culture modes of the mulberry field are further assumed, the carbon pool amount in the carbon sink metering model under the assumed culture mode is measured and calculated, and the carbon pool amount is compared with the current culture mode, and specific results are shown in table 3.
Table 3: the amount of each carbon pool in the different culture modes of the Mulberry gulf (unit:. Times.10) 4 t a -1 )
| Exist on the market | Singly-cultured algae | Singly-cultured shellfish | Without culture | |
| Dissolved in carbon | 1.76 | 1.93 | 1.68 | 1.03 |
| Buried carbon | 0.89 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 0.34 |
| Calcified carbon | 0.54 | 0 | 0.93 | 0 |
| Storage carbon | 0.33 | 1.33 | -0.41 | 0.69 |
As shown in table 3, it was found that in the monoculture algae mode, the gulf of mulberry shows carbon sink, the carbon dissolution amount in the atmosphere is the largest every year, the carbon storage amount in the seawater is also the largest, but the uncertainty of storing a large amount of carbon sink in the seawater is large, and the carbon sink function stability is weak;
under the model of singly cultivating shellfish, the carbon burying component of the sediment of the mulberry ditch bay is the maximum, and the component of the seawater storage carbon reservoir is a negative value, which indicates that the sediment burying carbon reservoir and the shell calcified carbon reservoir need to be added into seawater in the formation processSystem release of CO 2 Mulberry gulf appears as a carbon source;
in the mode without culture gulf, the dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon and the carbon burying amount of sediment are both minimum, the carbon storage amount of seawater is larger, and the carbon sink function stability is weaker only after the mode of singly culturing algae.
Comprehensive analysis shows that the carbon sink function of the mulberry gulf culture is between the extreme modes of single-culture algae, single-culture shellfish and non-culture, the distribution of various carbon pools is more uniform, the carbon sink function is more stable, but the carbon sink function still has the potential of carbon sink amplification.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various other modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above-described structure of the present invention without departing from the basic technical concept of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fishery carbon sink metering method driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation needs to be executed under the following two precondition conditions:
(1) The influence of natural environmental factors of the bay is not considered, wherein the natural environmental factors comprise terrestrial runoff, water exchange inside and outside the bay and underground water release;
(2) The consumption type biochar returning to the land in the current year is regarded as having been similar to the atmospheric CO in the previous year by utilizing the similar characteristic of the annual yield of the shellfish algae in the adjacent gulf between the years without considering the controversial biochar 2 Neutralization counteraction, sea-gas interface CO studied in the current year 2 The flux is equivalent to deducting CO released by the harvested shellfish algae 2 Under the condition, the seawater ecosystem is regarded as a black box, and the stored carbon is obtained by measuring and researching the components of dissolved carbon as input outside the black box and the components of buried carbon, calcified carbon and stored carbon as output, and is used for analyzing the carbon source or carbon sink pattern of the black box;
the carbon sink metering model formula adopted by the metering method is formula (1):
C a ＝C b +C s +C r formula (1)
In the formula, C a Is the annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon, and has the unit of ta -1 ，
C b The annual deposit carbon deposit is expressed in ta -1 ，
C s The annual calcification amount of shell carbon is represented by ta -1 ，
C r Is the annual storage capacity of seawater carbon, and has the unit of ta -1 ；
The annual storage capacity of seawater carbon is calculated by the formula (1).
2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of: dividing different areas according to the culture types, including a shellfish culture area, an algae culture area, a shellfish and algae mixed culture area and an open sea aquaculture-free area, and arranging more than or equal to 12 sampling points to completely cover the 4 areas; selecting 2-3 days of 1 month, 4 months, 7 months and 10 months of the year for marine survey sampling, and calculating CO at sea-gas interface 2 Flux, sediment carbon sequestration flux and amount of conchal calcification.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sea-air interface CO is a CO interface 2 The flux calculation was obtained by the following steps:
measuring the temperature and salinity of surface seawater in different areas of the culture bay on site, and measuring the pH value of the surface seawater, wherein the surface seawater refers to seawater with the depth of 0.5m below the water; collecting surface seawater, extracting 50mL of surface seawater, slowly filtering the pretreated Whatman GF/F filter membrane into a pretreated brown glass bottle, and quickly dropwise adding 5 mu L of saturated HgCl 2 Sealing the solution, storing at 4 ℃ in dark place, and completing the Total Alkalinity (TA) determination within 24 h; calculating the CO of the surface sea water area by combining the temperature, the salinity, the pH value and the TA data 2 Partial pressure; CO at sea-gas interface 2 The flux is calculated by the formula (2),
FCO 2 ＝k×α×ΔpCO 2 formula (2)
In the formula, FCO 2 Is the sea-gas interface CO 2 Flux in mmol m -2 d -1 K is the sea-gas interface CO 2 Transport speed in cm h -1 Alpha is CO 2 Solubility coefficient in seawater in mol kg -1 ，ΔpCO 2 Is sea, gas CO 2 Partial pressure difference, atmospheric pCO 2 The data may be downloaded from the national oceanic and atmospheric administration website; CO at sea-gas interface 2 The transmission speed k is calculated by the formula (3),
k＝0.251×u 10 2 /(Sc/660) -1/2 formula (3)
In the formula u 10 Is the wind speed at 10m from the sea surface, in ms -1 Can be downloaded from a world weather organization website, and Sc is CO 2 The Schmidt number in seawater can be obtained by calculation according to a formula (4),
Sc＝2073.1-125.62×T+3.6276×T 2 -0.043219×T 3 formula (4)
Wherein T is the temperature of the seawater and the unit is;
the annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon was calculated according to the following formula (5),
in the formula, C a The annual dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon is represented by t a -1 ，F j Sea-to-gas interface CO for the jth region of bay 2 Flux in mmol m -2 d -1 ，S j Is the area of the jth region of the bay, and has a unit of km 2 Measured by combining on-site GPS sailing with ArcGIS software, wherein 90 is quarterly time, the unit is d,12 is the molar mass of carbon, and the unit is g mol -1 ，
The unit is t, which is the dissolved amount of atmospheric carbon in the ith quarter;
the sediment carbon burying flux is obtained by subtracting the carbon diffusion flux of the sediment-overlying water interface from the carbon depositing flux in the sediment, namely an equation (6),
F b ＝F s -F d formula (6)
In the formula, F b Carbon sequestration flux for sediment in gm -2 d -1 ，F s Carbon deposition flux in gm for deposit -2 d -1 ，F d Carbon diffusion amount of deposit in gm -2 d -1 The sediment carbon comprises sediment Organic Carbon (OC) or sediment Inorganic Carbon (IC);
said deposit carbon deposition flux (F) s ) Obtained by calculation of formula (7) and formula (8):
F s ＝C i ×SR×ρ d formula (7)
In the formula, C i The content of organic carbon or inorganic carbon in the deposit is mg g -1 SR is the deposit deposition rate in mm d -1 ，ρ d Is the dry density of the deposit, in gcm -3 WC is the water content of the sediment in percent rho sed The sediment density is 2.56g cm -3 ，ρ water The value of the interstitial water density is 1.026g cm -3 ；
The deposit deposition rate SR is obtained by: collecting columnar sediment in different areas of gulf, taking the sediment back to a laboratory, cutting the sediment at a section of 0-5cm from bottom to top by the thickness of 1cm, at a section of 5-15cm from bottom to top by the thickness of 3cm and at the position from 15cm to tail end by the thickness of 5cm to obtain sediment samples, and storing the sediment samples at-20 ℃ until analysis; mixing layered sediment samples uniformly in a laboratory, freeze-drying, grinding and crushing, and sieving by a sieve of 100-mum; the samples were sealed in 10mL sample tubes and the height and mass of the sealed samples were recorded, followed by 21 days for 226 Ra and 222 rn is balancedPost measurement 210 The specific activity of Pb; the deposition rate is calculated using equation (9),
wherein H is depth in cm, and λ is 210 Decay constant of Pb, 0.3114a -1 ，I h At a depth h 210 The radioactivity of Pb is Bq/Kg, I 0 Being the surface of a columnar deposit 210 The activity of Pb is Bq/Kg;
the content and the water content of the sediment Organic Carbon (OC) and the sediment Inorganic Carbon (IC) are obtained by the following modes: collecting surface sediments with the underwater depth of 0-2.5cm, vertically inserting the sediments into a pretreated cylindrical aluminum box and filling the sediments, and filling the rest of the surface sediments into a 50mL centrifuge tube; weighing the deposit in aluminum box, freeze drying the deposit sample, weighing the dry weight again, calculating the water content of the deposit according to the formula (R),
wherein WC is the water content of the deposit, and the unit is%, M w And M d Wet and dry sediment weights, in g, respectively;
grinding dried sediment samples, sieving by 100-mu m sieve, using one part of the samples for measuring the Total Carbon (TC) content of the sediment, and adding 1mol L of the other part of the samples -1 Mixing HCl until no gas is generated to remove inorganic carbon, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, freeze-drying again, grinding, and measuring the content of Organic Carbon (OC) in the sediment;
said deposit carbon diffusion flux (C) d ) By the followingThe method comprises the following steps: slowly taking the overlying water at a position 20-50cm away from the surface of the sediment by using a water sampler; centrifuging the sediment filled into the 50mL centrifuge tube in a centrifuge for 15 minutes at a rotation speed of 5000r/min to obtain interstitial water; immediately filtering the mixture with a pretreated Whatman GF/F filter membrane after covering water and interstitial water are obtained; the filtrate was transferred to a 50mL pretreated brown glass bottle and 5. Mu.L of saturated HgCl was added 2 Sealing the solution, and storing at 4 deg.C in dark; the preserved sample is measured to obtain the Total Carbon (TC) of the overlying water or the interstitial water and the Inorganic Carbon (IC) concentration of the overlying water or the interstitial water; the concentration difference between the Total Carbon (TC) of the overlying water or interstitial water and the Inorganic Carbon (IC) of the overlying water or interstitial water is the concentration of the Organic Carbon (OC) of the overlying water or interstitial water;
calculating the diffusion flux of Organic Carbon (OC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC) of the sediment at the interface of the sediment and the overlying water by using Fick's first diffusion law
The following were used:
in the formula, F d Flux released by sediment Organic Carbon (OC) or sediment Inorganic Carbon (IC) at sediment-water interface in mg m -2 d -1 (ii) a Phi is sediment porosity in%; delta C/Delta X is the concentration gradient of Organic Carbon (OC) or Inorganic Carbon (IC) in the sediment between the interstitial water and overlying water Xcm and has a unit of mu g cm -3 /cm；D sed Is the diffusion coefficient of the deposit Organic Carbon (OC) or the deposit Inorganic Carbon (IC), wherein the diffusion coefficient of the deposit Organic Carbon (OC) is 1.22 x 10 -6 cm 2 s -1 Inorganic Carbon (IC) diffusion coefficient of the deposit was 6.32X 10 -6 cm 2 s -1 ；
The sediment porosity is expressed by the formula
Computing，
Wherein phi is the porosity of the deposit, and the unit is%, WC is the water content of the deposit, and the unit is%, rho sed The average density of the surface sediment is 2.56g cm -3 ，ρ water The horizontal average density of the surface sediment gap is 1.026g cm -3 ；
According to the formula
The annual deposit amount of the sediment carbon in the model is calculated,
in the formula, C b The annual deposit carbon deposit is expressed in ta -1 ，F bj The deposition flux of carbon in gram of deposited carbon in the jth region of gulf -2 d -1 ，S j Is the area of the jth region of the bay, and has a unit of km 2 90 is a quarterly time in units of d,
is the carbon burial amount of the ith quaternary deposit, and the unit is t;
the carbon calcification amount is represented by the formula
The calculation is carried out according to the calculation,
in the formula, C s The annual calcification amount of shell carbon is represented by ta -1 P is the annual yield of cultured shellfishThe unit is t, is obtained by local oceanic fishery bureau statistics, and S is the shell dry mass percentage and the unit is percent C shell Is the shell carbon content in mg g -1 ；
Obtaining the shell dry mass ratio (S): randomly collecting 30-50 harvested shell organisms, removing surface fouling organisms, measuring wet weight, steaming at 100 deg.C for 10min, separating soft body and shell, oven drying shell at 60 deg.C, weighing, and making into desired dosage form
The calculation is carried out in such a way that,
in the formula, M shell Is the dry weight of the shell in g, M organism Is the biological wet weight of the shellfish, and the unit is g;
grinding shell, sieving with 100- μm sieve, and measuring shell carbon content (C) shell )；
Annual amount of dissolved in atmospheric carbon already obtained (C) a ) Annual deposit carbon sequestration (C) b ) And annual calcification of shell carbon (C) s ) On the basis of data, the annual storage capacity (C) of seawater carbon is calculated and obtained through a carbon sink metering model formula (1) of shellfish and algae cultivation r )。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the Whatman GF/F filter membrane is obtained by: whatman GF/F filters were fired at 480 ℃ for 6-8h.
5. The method for metering fishery carbon sink driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation according to claim 3, wherein the brown glass bottle is obtained by: soaking brown glass bottle in dilute hydrochloric acid for more than 24 hr, sequentially rinsing with distilled water and Milli-Q water for 3 times, and igniting at 480 deg.C for 6-8 hr.
6. The method for metering fishery carbon sink driven by seawater shellfish and algae cultivation according to claim 3, wherein the cylindrical aluminum box is obtained by: the cylindrical aluminum box is rinsed with distilled water and Milli-Q water for 3 times, and then burned at 480 deg.C for 6-8h.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the HgCl is saturated 2 The solution preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 8g of HgCl 2 Dissolving in 100g water, stirring, standing, and observing crystal in the solution to obtain saturated HgCl 2 And (3) solution.
8. A method for carbon sequestration evaluation using the marine shellfish aquaculture driven fishery carbon sequestration measurement results of any of claims 1 to 7, the evaluation method having the following criteria:
if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon is a positive value, the seawater carbon is dissolved into CO 2 All can be converted into organic carbon or CaCO 3 Sealing and storing in an equal form, wherein the culture bay presents carbon sink;
if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of the seawater carbon is negative, the result indicates that CO needs to be released to a seawater system in the carbon reservoir formation process of sediment burial and shell calcification 2 The culture bay is expressed as a carbon source;
if the calculation result of the annual storage amount of seawater carbon is zero, indicating that the seawater is dissolved into CO 2 Just forms sediment embedding carbon reservoirs and shell calcified carbon reservoirs, and the culture bay shows a carbon neutralization state.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115796409A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-03-14 | 山东高速海洋科技有限公司 | Blue carbon resource management and protection system for blue carbon comprehensive management |
| CN116128377A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-16 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Carbon sink effect evaluation method and device for offshore area and electronic equipment |
| CN117495400A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-02-02 | 暨南大学 | Evaluation method and system for carbon sink of cultivation large-scale seaweed ecosystem |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115796409A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-03-14 | 山东高速海洋科技有限公司 | Blue carbon resource management and protection system for blue carbon comprehensive management |
| CN115796409B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-05 | 山东高速海洋科技有限公司 | Blue carbon resource management and protection system for blue carbon comprehensive management |
| CN116128377A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-16 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Carbon sink effect evaluation method and device for offshore area and electronic equipment |
| CN116128377B (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-07-07 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Carbon sink effect evaluation method and device for offshore area and electronic equipment |
| CN117495400A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-02-02 | 暨南大学 | Evaluation method and system for carbon sink of cultivation large-scale seaweed ecosystem |
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