CN115633096A - Underground engineering data compression coding and decompression coding method, device and equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, a device and equipment for compression coding and decompression coding of underground engineering data, and belongs to the field of oil and gas drilling. The compression encoding method includes: acquiring underground engineering data within preset time; determining an average value of the downhole engineering data; taking the average value as a reference, subtracting the average value from each group of underground engineering data to carry out difference to obtain a residual error, and simultaneously determining the minimum precision value of the underground engineering data; determining a transmission change value of each downhole parameter based on the residual error and the minimum precision value; and comparing whether the underground engineering data measured in two adjacent times changes or not, and combining the coding sequences of the underground engineering data according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the underground engineering data. The invention can reduce the transmission amount of the repeated data when transmitting a plurality of underground engineering data by combining the difference and the permutation and combination method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling, in particular to a compression coding method for underground engineering data, a compression coding device for underground engineering data, a decompression coding method for underground engineering data, a decompression coding device for underground engineering data, computer equipment for realizing the compression coding method and/or the decompression coding method, and a computer readable storage medium for realizing the compression coding method and/or the decompression coding method.
Background
With the continuous deepening of petroleum exploration and development, the requirement on safe drilling becomes higher and higher, and in order to ensure the safe and rapid drilling of oil and gas wells, a field engineer is required to accurately judge underground complex working conditions and quickly make a response decision. However, accurate identification of the underground working condition needs not only to rely on ground logging data, but also needs a large amount of underground data as a basis, so that the on-site measurement while drilling tool needs to acquire not only well deviation, tool surface, gamma and other data, but also underground drill string mechanical information so as to analyze and identify the underground working condition. However, with the increasing of downhole measurement data, the conventional mud MWD adopts a discrete pulse mode for data coding transmission, signals for data transmission are very limited, and rapid transmission of multiple engineering parameters cannot be realized, while the continuous wave mud pulse technology has not been technically broken through, so that the exploration of a data compression coding method is one of important ways for solving the problem of slow transmission rate of engineering parameter data in the existing discrete mud pulse transmission coding mode.
At present, there is a lack of research on new types of downhole measurement data transmission. For example, the invention name disclosed in 2020, 05 and 08 is a well drilling digital twin system, and patent document CN111126735A describes a well drilling digital twin system, which obtains and calculates downhole data in real time and finally outputs real-time simulation data of a shaft and real-time simulation data of a marginal rock mass. The invention discloses an underground high-speed information transmission system and method used in drilling engineering in the name of the invention disclosed in 2013, 07, 10.A patent document with the publication number of CN103195415A describes an underground high-speed information transmission system and method used in drilling engineering. Although the method improves the information transmission rate, the requirement of large-scale data transmission at the present stage cannot be met with the continuous increase of the underground measurement data.
Both of the above two methods adopt the traditional pulse transmission coding, the signal for transmitting data is limited, and the quick transmission of a plurality of engineering parameters cannot be realized, and the method cannot adapt to the increasing data volume transmission requirement under the new technical condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, the invention provides a method for compressing and encoding underground engineering data, which overcomes the defect of limited transmission data in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for compression encoding of downhole engineering data, which may include the following steps: acquiring M groups of underground engineering data within preset time, wherein each group of underground engineering data comprises x underground parameters, and x is more than or equal to 1; determining an average E for each downhole parameter i Wherein i represents a second downhole parameter, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x; for each downhole parameter, the average value E is used respectively i For reference, each group of underground engineering data is measured and is compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual H i While determining the minimum accuracy value g for each downhole parameter i (ii) a Residual H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Is an integer; comparing whether each underground parameter in the underground engineering data of two adjacent measurements changes or not, if so, transmitting the transmission value m of each underground parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is calculated i Is determined to be 0; the encoding sequence for each downhole parameter is determined as: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the downhole parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the downhole engineering data.
In an exemplary embodiment of a method of compressive encoding of downhole engineering data of the present invention, the downhole parameters may include weight-on-bit, torque, rate-of-penetration, vibration, well deviation, toolface, and gamma.
In an exemplary embodiment of a method for compression encoding downhole engineering data according to the present invention, the determining the average value E of each downhole parameter i The method comprises the following steps: determining the probability corresponding to each data in each underground parameter in the M groups of underground engineering data, and obtaining the normal distribution rule of each underground parameter; on the normal distribution curve of each downhole parameter, a filtering interval [ a ] is selected i ，b i ]So that the probability sum corresponding to N groups of underground engineering data in the interval can be larger than a preset probability value, wherein M is>N; to findTaking the average value E of each underground parameter in N groups of underground engineering data i 。
In an exemplary embodiment of a method for compression encoding downhole engineering data according to the present invention, the predetermined probability value may be 85% to 95%.
In an exemplary embodiment of a method for compression encoding of downhole engineering data according to the present invention, the specific manner of acquiring M groups of downhole engineering data may be: measuring the underground engineering data for t minutes, wherein the sampling frequency of the data is Q Hz, and obtaining 60Qt groups of sample data; the downhole circuit averages the data collected every u seconds and stores the average into the downhole chip, at which time a total of M =60Qt/u data is stored for t minutes.
The invention also provides a decompression coding method for underground engineering data, which comprises the steps of compressing the compressed coding data obtained by the compression coding method according to the compression coding method, and adopting E i +m i g i The decoding means of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
The invention further provides a compression and encoding device for underground engineering data, which can comprise a data acquisition unit, a parameter determination unit, a parameter judgment unit and a parameter encoding unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is configured to acquire M groups of underground engineering data in a preset time, each group of underground engineering data comprises x underground parameters, and x is more than or equal to 1; the parameter determining unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is configured to determine the average value E of each downhole parameter i Wherein i represents the downhole parameters of the first kind, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x, and the average value E is used for each downhole parameter i For reference, each set of downhole engineering data is measured and compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual H i While determining the minimum accuracy value g for each downhole parameter i Residual H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Is an integer; parameter determination unit and parameter determinationUnit connection configured to compare whether each downhole parameter in the downhole engineering data of two adjacent measurements changes, and if so, to compare the transmission value m of each downhole parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is used i Is determined to be 0; the parameter coding unit is connected with the parameter judging unit and is configured to determine the coding sequence of each downhole parameter as follows: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the underground parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the underground engineering data.
The invention further provides a device for decompressing and encoding the underground engineering data, which can comprise a compressed code acquisition unit and a decompressing unit.
The compression coding acquisition unit is configured to acquire data transmitted from the downhole, wherein the data is compression coded data obtained by compression by using the compression coding method.
The decompression unit is connected with the compression code acquisition unit and is configured to adopt E i +m i g i The decoding method of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a computer apparatus, which may include: a processor; a memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements at least one of the compression encoding method as described above, the decompression encoding method as described above.
Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements at least one of the compression encoding method as described above, and the decompression encoding method as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can comprise at least one of the following contents:
(1) When the data sample is considered, the abnormal numerical value in the sampled data sample can be filtered by a probability distribution method by utilizing normal distribution, so that the interference of part of abnormal data on the average value calculation is avoided, and the data identification capability is improved;
(2) The invention adopts the difference idea to encode single data, firstly transmits the average value, then continuously transmits the difference value, and corrects the average value after a period of time, so that the transmitted data always changes around the average value, thereby improving the data transmission efficiency;
(3) When the method transmits a plurality of data, the data are arranged and combined, the current measured data are compared with the last measured data, the same data are replaced by the sequence numbers of the arrangement and combination, the transmission quantity of repeated data is reduced, and the underground data transmission rate is improved.
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The above and other objects and/or features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method of compression encoding downhole engineering data of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a downhole engineering data compression and encoding device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a decompression encoding device for downhole engineering data according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a computer device of an exemplary embodiment of a downhole engineering data compression encoding and decompression encoding device according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
100-underground engineering data compression encoding device, 110-data acquisition unit, 120-parameter determination unit, 130-parameter judgment unit, 140-parameter encoding unit, 200-underground engineering data decompression encoding device, 210-compression encoding acquisition unit, 220-decompression unit, 300-computer equipment, 310-memory and 320-processor.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, a method, a device and equipment for compressing, encoding and decompressing underground engineering data of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a compression coding method for underground engineering data.
In an exemplary embodiment of a method for compression encoding downhole engineering data according to the present invention, the method for compression encoding may comprise the steps of:
s100, M groups of underground engineering data are obtained within preset time, wherein each group of underground engineering data comprises x underground parameters, and x is more than or equal to 1.
In particular, downhole parameters may include weight-on-bit, torque, rate-of-penetration, vibration, well deviation, tool face, and gamma-ray.
S200, determining the average value E of each downhole parameter i Wherein i represents the downhole parameters of the first type, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x.
Specifically, the average value E of the downhole parameter i The following substeps may be included:
s201, determining the probability corresponding to each data in each underground parameter in the M groups of underground engineering data, and obtaining the normal distribution rule of each underground parameter.
Specifically, M sets of downhole engineering data may be acquired by:
the underground engineering data are measured for t minutes, the sampling frequency of the data is Q Hz, 60Qt group sample data in total are obtained, the underground circuit can carry out average value calculation on the collected data every u seconds, the average value is stored in an underground chip, and M =60Qt/u group data are stored in total in t minutes.
S202, selecting a filtering interval [ a ] on a normal distribution curve of each downhole parameter i ，b i ]So that the probability sum corresponding to N groups of underground engineering data in the interval can be larger than a preset probability value, wherein M is>N。
Specifically, when the downhole engineering data at the measuring end is in a working condition conversion state, the downhole engineering data fluctuates around a stable value, and the downhole parameter of the downhole engineering data at the moment may not be a normal distribution curve. By monitoring the condition that the normal distribution is not satisfied, the change of the underground working condition can be known and judged, and the instrument can transmit special data to inform the change of the underground working condition when the abnormal distribution occurs.
For example, during the drilling phase, the weight-on-bit will typically fluctuate around the weight-on-bit applied at the surface, and if the measurement section is just in a regime change state, which is typically done very quickly, the downhole parameters may not be normally distributed at that time. For example, two minutes are measured, the annular pressure in the first minute is 100MPa, and the annular pressure rises to 105MPa when the drill encounters a high-pressure gas layer in the second minute. Two data concentration zones appear on the curve, corresponding to the superposition of two normal distributions. When the state of the condition transition is met, the state can be processed by taking the average value of the two data concentration areas.
Various downhole parameters typically fluctuate within a stable range of values, subject to a normal distribution. Meanwhile, the measuring period of the underground engineering data is only 1-2 minutes, the time is short, and the data cannot be changed violently. When the working condition is changed, the operation is completed quickly, and the abnormal distribution condition of 2 data concentration areas in a plurality of continuous measurement periods rarely occurs.
Specifically, the predetermined probability value may be 85% to 95%.
S203, calculating the average value E of each underground parameter in N groups of underground engineering data i 。
S300, aiming at each downhole parameter, respectively taking the average value E i For reference, each group of underground engineering data is measured and is compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual H i While determining the minimum accuracy value g for each downhole parameter i 。
S400, residual errors H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Are integers.
S500, comparing whether each underground parameter in the underground engineering data measured twice adjacently changes or not, and if yes, comparing the transmission value m of each underground parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is calculated i And is determined to be 0.
S600, determining the coding sequence of each downhole parameter as follows: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the downhole parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the downhole engineering data.
The invention provides a method for decompressing and coding underground engineering data.
In an exemplary embodiment of a method for decompressing and encoding downhole engineering data of the present invention, the method for decompressing and encoding data may include: the compression-encoded data obtained by the data compression-encoding method described above is according to E i +n i g i The decoding method of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
For example, as average value E i For reference, each set of data measured is compared to the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual H i . Because of a corresponding downhole engineering data parameter, such as weight-on-bit, its minimum accuracy is determined, given as g i Then the data for each measurement is the accuracy g i Integral multiple of, residual H i Is also g i Integral multiple of the original data, and thus the originally transmitted data becomes E i +m i g i Only one mean value needs to be transmitted first, then one m i Value, at ground level by E i +m i g i The data can be restored. And m is i The value of (a) is determined by whether the two adjacent measurement data are changed, if the measurement data are the same as the last measurement data, the transmission m can be considered as the transmission m i Value is null, i.e. m i =0, if the current measurement data is different from the last measurement data, then the transmission m is considered as i A value of n i ，n i ＝H i /g i . In a specific operation, an average value E may be transmitted i The average value E i Is effective for t minutes, and then continuously transmits m measured in each time i The value is that, when a cycle is completed, it is retransmittedNew mean value of one time input E i Retransmitting a plurality of m i Value, and so on.
The invention further provides a device for compressing and encoding the underground engineering data.
In one exemplary embodiment of the downhole engineering data compression and encoding device, the downhole engineering data compression and encoding device can comprise a data acquisition unit, a parameter determination unit, a parameter judgment unit and a parameter encoding unit.
The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire M groups of underground engineering data within preset time, wherein each group of underground engineering data comprises x underground parameters, and x is more than or equal to 1.
The parameter determining unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is configured to determine the average value E of each downhole parameter i . Wherein i represents the first downhole parameter, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x, and the average value E is used for each downhole parameter i For reference, each group of underground engineering data is measured and is compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual H i At the same time, the minimum precision value g of each downhole parameter is determined i Residual H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Are integers.
The parameter judging unit is connected with the parameter determining unit and is configured to compare whether each underground parameter in the underground engineering data of two adjacent measurements changes or not, and if so, the transmission value m of each underground parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is calculated i And is determined to be 0.
The parameter coding unit is connected with the parameter judging unit and is configured to determine the coding sequence of each downhole parameter as follows: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the downhole parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the downhole engineering data.
The invention further provides a device for decompressing and encoding the underground engineering data.
In an exemplary embodiment of the downhole engineering data decompression encoding device of the present invention, the downhole engineering data decompression encoding device may include, for example, a compression encoding obtaining unit and a decompression unit.
The compression coding acquisition unit is configured to acquire data transmitted from the downhole, wherein the data is compression coded data obtained by compression by using the compression coding method.
For example, the compression code acquiring unit may be connected to the parameter encoding unit of the compression encoding apparatus, and receive the codes transmitted by the parameter encoding unit.
The decompression unit is connected with the compression code acquisition unit and is configured to adopt E i +m i g i The decoding method of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
Exemplary embodiments according to still another aspect of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform at least one of a downhole engineering data compression encoding method and a downhole engineering data decompression encoding method according to the present invention. The computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data read by a computer system. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include: read-only memory, random access memory, read-only optical disks, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission through the internet via wired or wireless transmission paths).
Exemplary embodiments according to still another aspect of the present invention also provide a computer apparatus. The computer device includes a processor and a memory. The memory is for storing a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to cause the processor to execute at least one of a downhole engineering data compression encoding method and a downhole engineering data decompression encoding method according to the invention.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following further illustrates the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In this example, taking the downhole pressure data as an example, the method for compressing and encoding the downhole engineering data is implemented by using the following technical scheme for data transmission of a downhole parameter.
Step 1: the underground pressure data is measured for t minutes, the sampling frequency of the data is Q Hz, and 60Qt groups of sample data are obtained. The downhole circuit averages the acquired data every u seconds and stores the average into the downhole chip, at which time t minutes for a total of M =60Qt/u data are stored.
Step 2: and calculating an average value E of the M groups of data, and subtracting the reference value E from each group of measured data by taking the average value E as a reference to obtain a residual error H.
And step 3: comparing whether the underground pressure data of two adjacent measurements are changed or not, if yes, determining a transmission value m as n, wherein n = H/g; if not, the transmission value m is determined to be 0.
And 4, step 4: determining the coding sequence of each downhole parameter as: the average value E is added to the corresponding transmission value m for each measurement.
In the example, when single data is coded, a difference thought is adopted, the average value is transmitted firstly, then the difference value is transmitted continuously, and the average value is corrected after a period of time, so that the transmitted data always changes around the average value, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Example 2
In this example, still taking the downhole pressure data as an example, for data transmission of a downhole parameter, as shown in fig. 1, the method for compressing and encoding the downhole engineering data is also implemented by using the following technical solution.
Step 1: the downhole pressure data is measured for t minutes, the sampling frequency of the data is Q Hz, and 60Qt groups of sample data are obtained. The downhole circuit averages the data collected every u seconds and stores the average into the downhole chip, at which time a total of M =60Qt/u data is stored for t minutes.
Step 2: and counting the M groups of data, and calculating the probability corresponding to each data in the M groups of data so as to obtain the normal distribution rule of the sample data.
And step 3: and (3) expanding and selecting an interval [ a, b ] from the maximum value of the normal distribution probability to two sides, so that the sum of the probabilities corresponding to the interval is more than 90%.
The main effect of this step is to exclude some measured outliers by normal distribution. After the filtering, N groups of data still exist in the interval [ a, b ], and the average value E is obtained for the N groups of data.
For example, assuming that the measured downhole engineering data is pressure data, the normal pressure variation range is 42MPa or so within 5 minutes, 55 (40.5 minimum, 44 maximum) of 60 measured data have a probability of occupying more than 91% of the normal distribution, the remaining five data are 0, 21, 31, 78, 255 (the number is system output error data), the 5 data obviously have too large deviation, the probability of the data appearing in the normal distribution is lower than 10%, then the selected interval may be [38, 44], the data in the interval may be considered to be more accurate in measurement, and the rest of data are removed. The average value of the data in the interval [38, 44] was obtained, and the average value E =42MPa was obtained.
And 4, step 4: and calculating an average value E of the N groups of data, taking the average value E as a reference, and subtracting the reference value E from each group of measured data to perform difference to obtain a residual error H.
And 5: comparing whether the underground pressure data of two adjacent measurements are changed or not, if yes, determining a transmission value m as n, wherein n = H/g; if not, the transmission value m is determined to be 0.
Step 6: the encoding sequence for each downhole parameter is determined as: the average value E is added to the corresponding transmission value m for each measurement of data.
For example: the measurement results in a pressure value of 43.5MPa and a pressure measurement accuracy of 0.5MPa, the measurement value minus the reference average value (E =42 MPa) results in a residual H of 43.5-42=1.5, and the difference is divided by the pressure measurement accuracy of 0.5 to result in a transmission variation value n =3, so that the transmission value m = n =3 at this time.
The specific transmission mode is as follows: the underground main control chip calculates to obtain a reference average value E =42 in nearly 5 minutes, the MWD transmits the reference average value E =42 to the ground, then the underground measured pressure value is transmitted, the pressure average value of the latest 5 seconds, namely the pressure value just measured corresponds to the value m, is transmitted to the ground every time, and after the transmission is finished, the next pressure value just measured corresponds to the value m, and the transmission of a new reference value in nearly 5 minutes is started again until the time of 5 minutes is finished.
When single data is coded, the difference thought is adopted, the average value is corrected at intervals, so that the transmitted data always changes around the average value, and the data transmission efficiency is improved; when a data sample is considered, the normal distribution is used for filtering the sampling data, abnormal numerical values in the sample are filtered by a probability distribution method, interference of part of abnormal data on average value calculation is avoided, and data identification capability is improved.
Example 3
In this example, the downhole engineering data includes 5 downhole parameters of weight on bit, torque, temperature, pressure and rotation speed, and then the method for compressing and encoding the downhole engineering data is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme for data transmission of various downhole parameters.
Step 1: firstly, measuring the underground engineering data for 5 minutes, wherein the data sampling frequency is 1Hz, obtaining 300 groups of data (such as 300 drilling weights, 300 torques, 300 pressures, 300 temperatures and 300 rotating speeds) in total, calculating the average value of the collected underground engineering data every 5 seconds, storing the calculated average value in a chip, and obtaining M =60 groups in total in 5 minutes.
Step 2: and (3) carrying out statistical calculation on the 60 groups of data, and calculating the distribution condition of each data probability in each underground engineering data parameter (such as bit pressure, torque and pressure) so as to obtain a normal distribution rule corresponding to various underground engineering data.
And 3, step 3: on a normal distribution curve of each underground engineering data parameter, an interval [ a ] is selected by extending the maximum value of normal distribution probability to two sides i ，b i ]SelectingThe sum of the probabilities of the corresponding data within the interval of (a) is greater than 90%, for excluding some measured outliers.
And 4, step 4: after filtration in the interval [ a i ，b i ]N groups of data also exist, and the average value E of each underground engineering data parameter is calculated for the N groups of data i . By average value E i For reference, each set of data measured is compared with a reference value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual error H i 。
And 5: comparing whether each underground parameter in the underground engineering data of two adjacent measurements changes or not, if so, transmitting the transmission value m of each underground parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is calculated i Is determined to be 0.
Step 6: combining multiple kinds of data to be transmitted to form coding tables under different permutation and combination.
Specifically, in this example, there are 5 downhole parameters to be transmitted, and the transmission variation value n of each downhole parameter can be obtained first i . N measured with current downhole parameter i N of value and last downhole parameter i The values are equal or unequal, the downhole parameters are arranged and combined, and the equal number can not be transmitted (namely the transmission value m is transmitted) i = 0), unequal retransmission of new n i Value (i.e. transmission value m) i ＝n i ). Therefore, the transmission quantity of repeated data is reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
For example, in the present example, there are 5 kinds of parameters to be transmitted, which are respectively the weight on bit, the torque, the temperature, the pressure, and the rotation speed, and the positions of these five parameters in the encoded table are fixed, and in the 5 kinds of parameters during transmission, the same situation as the last measurement data may occur in many cases, so we use permutation and combination to permutation and combination whether 5 parameters change, and the specific table refers to the attached table. There are 32 kinds of combination, n in the table i (i =1, 2, 3, 4, 5) represents that a value needs to be transmitted and an empty representation may not be transmitted.
Suppose there are 5 downhole parameters to be transmitted, namely weight on bit, torque, temperature, pressure, and rotational speed, respectivelyThe position in the coding table is fixed, and when 5 parameters are transmitted, the same situation as the last measured data is likely to occur, so we use permutation and combination to make permutation and combination whether 5 parameters change or not, as shown in table 1. Of the five types of parameters in Table 1, no parameter has the same data, and C is common 5 0 =1 cases, as shown by sequence number 1; of the five types of parameters, one type of parameter has the same data, and C is total 5 1 =5 cases, as shown by sequence number 2 to sequence number 6; of the five types of parameters, two types of parameters have the same data, and C is total 5 2 =10 cases, as shown by serial No. 7 to serial No. 16; of the five types of parameters, three types of parameters have the same data, and C is total 5 3 =10 cases, as shown by serial No. 17 to serial No. 26; of the five types of parameters, four types of parameters have the same data, and C is total 5 4 =5 cases, as shown by serial No. 27 to serial No. 31; of the five types of parameters, all parameters have the same data, and C is total 5 5 =1 cases, as shown by sequence number 32.
As described above, five downhole parameter categories n are transmitted i The variation of the value has 32 combination modes in total, and n in the table i A value is transmitted on behalf of a need, and a null value, 0, may not be transmitted.
For example, assuming that the last three data (i.e., no change in temperature, pressure, and speed) of the first and second measurements are the same, the combination in the table at 26 corresponds. That is, when the second time data is transmitted, the transmitted data is: transmission change value n of weight on bit data 1 And a transmission variation value n of torque data 2 The latter three data, temperature, pressure and rotational speed, may not be transmitted.
TABLE 1 downhole parameter coding sheet
In this example, the effect of eliminating the repeated transmission of the same data is achieved mainly by arranging and combining a plurality of data, thereby improving the transmission efficiency. Traditional statistics of 5 downhole parameters adopts 5 data to transmit n i The value, transferring 32 groups of data requires 5 × 32=160 data widths. The data transmission amount required by adopting the combined coding is reduced to 112 data width, the data compression rate can reach 30 percent, and when the data reaches 10 types, the data compression rate can reach 40 percent.
In the example, the data compression is carried out by using probability distribution and difference, the data compression ratio of a single underground engineering data parameter mainly depends on the probability distribution concentration ratio of the data, in the normal distribution, the larger the data ratio near the mean value is, namely, the smaller the variance is, namely, the parameter fluctuates around the mean value in a short time, the better the data compression effect is, and the data compression effect is particularly obvious for the data such as temperature and pressure.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the method for compressing and encoding downhole engineering data in example 1 may be used to compress and encode the acquired downhole data and transmit the encoded downhole data to the ground, and the steps of compressing and encoding the data may be the same and will not be described again.
The ground receives the reference average value E first, then receives the corresponding m values transmitted every five seconds, and decompresses and restores the data by E + mg (m =0, or m = n = H/g) according to the corresponding minimum precision value g.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 2, the device 100 for compressing and encoding downhole engineering data includes a data acquisition unit 110, a parameter determination unit 120, a parameter judgment unit 130, and a parameter encoding unit 140.
The data acquisition unit 110 is configured to acquire M sets of downhole engineering data within a predetermined time, where each set of downhole engineering data includes x downhole parameters, and x is greater than or equal to 1.
The parameter determination unit 120 is connected to the data acquisition unit 110 for determining an average of each downhole parameterValue E i Wherein i represents the second downhole parameter, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x, and the average value E is used for each downhole parameter i For reference, each group of underground engineering data is measured and is compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual error H i At the same time, the minimum precision value g of each downhole parameter is determined i Residual H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Are integers.
The parameter determining unit 130 is connected to the parameter determining unit 120, and is configured to compare whether each downhole parameter in the downhole engineering data measured twice is changed, and if yes, compare the transmission value m of each downhole parameter with the transmission value m of each downhole parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is calculated i Is determined to be 0.
The parameter encoding unit 140 is connected to the parameter determining unit 130, and is configured to determine an encoding sequence of each downhole parameter as: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the downhole parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the downhole engineering data.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 3, the device 200 for decompressing and encoding downhole engineering data includes a compression-encoding obtaining unit 210 and a decompression unit 220.
The compression encoding acquisition unit 210 is used for acquiring data transmitted downhole.
For example, the compression encoding obtaining unit 210 may be connected to the parameter encoding unit 140 in example 5, and receive the encoded data transmitted by the parameter encoding unit 140.
The decompression unit 220 is connected to the compressed code acquiring unit 210 and is configured to adopt E i +m i g i The decoding method of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 4, a computer device 300 comprises a memory 310 and a processor 320, the memory 310 storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the method of downhole engineering data compression encoding and decompression encoding as described above.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A compression coding method for underground engineering data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring M groups of underground engineering data within preset time, wherein each group of underground engineering data comprises x underground parameters, and x is more than or equal to 1;
determining an average E for each downhole parameter i Wherein i represents a second downhole parameter, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x;
for each downhole parameter, the average value E is used respectively i For reference, each group of underground engineering data is measured and is compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual error H i At the same time, the minimum precision value g of each downhole parameter is determined i ；
Residual H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Is an integer;
comparing whether each underground parameter in the underground engineering data of two adjacent measurements changes or not, if so, transmitting the transmission value m of each underground parameter i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is calculated i Is determined to be 0;
the encoding sequence for each downhole parameter is determined as: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the underground parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the underground engineering data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the downhole parameters include weight-on-bit, torque, rate-of-penetration, vibration, well deviation, toolface, and gamma.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the average E of each downhole parameter is performed by a method comprising i The method comprises the following steps:
determining the probability corresponding to each data in each underground parameter in the M groups of underground engineering data, and obtaining the normal distribution rule of each underground parameter;
on the normal distribution curve of each downhole parameter, a filtering interval [ a ] is selected i ，b i ]So that the probability sum corresponding to N groups of underground engineering data in the interval can be larger than a preset probability value, wherein M is>N；
Calculating the average value E of each underground parameter in N groups of underground engineering data i 。
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the predetermined probability value is 85-95%.
5. The method for compressing and encoding downhole engineering data according to claim 3, wherein the specific manner for acquiring M groups of downhole engineering data is as follows:
measuring underground engineering data for t minutes, wherein the sampling frequency of the data is Q Hz, and obtaining 60Qt groups of sample data;
the downhole circuit averages the data collected every u seconds and stores the average into the downhole chip, at which time a total of M =60Qt/u data is stored for t minutes.
6. A decompression encoding method for underground engineering data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring data transmitted from a downhole, wherein the data is compressed and encoded data obtained by compressing according to the compression encoding method of any one of claims 1-5;
by means of E i +m i g i The decoding method of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
7. The underground engineering data compression and encoding device is characterized by comprising a data acquisition unit, a parameter determination unit, a parameter judgment unit and a parameter encoding unit,
the data acquisition unit is configured to acquire M groups of underground engineering data in preset time, wherein each group of underground engineering data comprises x underground parameters, and x is more than or equal to 1;
the parameter determining unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is configured to determine the average value E of each downhole parameter i Wherein i represents the second downhole parameter, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to x, and the average value E is used for each downhole parameter i For reference, each set of downhole engineering data is measured and compared with the average value E i Subtracting and differentiating to obtain residual H i While determining the minimum accuracy value g for each downhole parameter i Residual H based on each downhole parameter i And minimum precision value g i Determining a transmission variation value n for each downhole parameter i Wherein n is i Is an integer;
the parameter judging unit is connected with the parameter determining unit and is configured to compare whether each underground parameter in the underground engineering data measured twice adjacently changes or not, and if yes, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is compared i Is determined as n i If not, the transmission value m of each underground parameter is used i Is determined to be 0;
the parameter coding unit is connected with the parameter judging unit and is configured to determine the coding sequence of each downhole parameter as follows: average value E i Adding the corresponding transmission value m when measuring data each time i And combining the coding sequences of the downhole parameters according to a preset arrangement sequence to form a compressed code of the downhole engineering data.
8. The underground engineering data decompression and encoding device is characterized by comprising a compression encoding acquisition unit and a decompression unit, wherein the compression encoding acquisition unit is configured to acquire data transmitted underground, and the data is compression encoded data obtained by compression by using the compression encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
the decompression unit is connected with the compressed code acquisition unit and is configured to adopt E i +m i g i The decoding method of (3) restores the data of each downhole parameter.
9. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises:
a processor;
a memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements at least one of the compression encoding method of any one of claims 1 to 5 and the decompression encoding method of claim 6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements at least one of the compression encoding method of any one of claims 1 to 5 and the decompression encoding method of claim 6.
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