CN115632913A - Wireless communication transmission method and system based on intelligent reflector - Google Patents
Wireless communication transmission method and system based on intelligent reflector Download PDFInfo
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- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
- H04W40/08—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on transmission power
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Abstract
The invention provides a wireless communication transmission method and a wireless communication transmission system based on an intelligent reflecting surface, which comprise the following steps: acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, if judging that direct radiation paths do not exist between the target terminals and a base station, sequentially transmitting high-frequency reference signals to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, and selecting the intelligent reflecting surface with the maximum transmission signal power by the target terminals; if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, grouping the target terminals; the same group of target terminals select the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals based on the position of the target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface; and performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam. The invention solves the problems of low transmission efficiency and high cost of the existing wireless communication under the shielding condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a wireless communication transmission method and system based on an intelligent reflecting surface.
Background
An Intelligent reflecting Surface (RIS) is a key technology which has attracted attention and studied in the field of communication in recent years. In particular, an RIS is a planar array structure made up of a series of passive reflective devices. Each reflecting device can be independently controlled by a controller connected with a Base Station (BS) to change the electromagnetic characteristics thereof, thereby realizing phase lead or lag of incident electromagnetic waves. The direction of the emergent beam can be controlled by jointly adjusting the electromagnetic characteristics of each reflecting device, so that the limitation that the incident angle is equal to the reflecting angle is broken through, and the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave is changed according to specific requirements. The RIS is therefore also used for blind area coverage when the direct path is blocked, signal enhancement at the cell edge, etc. A typical application scenario is shown in fig. 1, in which a direct path of a BS-terminal (UE) is blocked by a house, and signal transmission quality is reduced; by deploying the RIS around the cell, a virtual Line-of-Sight (LoS) link of the BS-RIS-UE can be established, thereby achieving efficient communication. Due to the passive characteristic of the existing RIS, compared with the traditional active relay, the existing RIS does not additionally introduce thermal noise when reflecting signals; furthermore, the RIS does not introduce a large amount of extra power consumption; thirdly, RIS has significant performance advantages in the high frequency range, such as the millimeter wave range: the scattering loss of the high-frequency-band electromagnetic wave is large, so that when a direct path does not exist, the RIS is needed to establish a virtual LoS link to assist communication, the working frequency is improved, the RIS area can be smaller, and the actual deployment is facilitated.
However, since the number of RIS reflectors is generally large, how to set the phase shift of each reflector for the incident electromagnetic wave becomes one of the difficulties in RIS applications. A common implementation is to provide a codebook (e.g., DFT codebook) for RIS, and scan all the beams in the codebook in sequence during use to determine the beam that can provide the maximum transmission rate.
In addition, the number of reflectors is difficult to estimate the Channel, and since the phase shift of the RIS reflector is mutually coupled to the cascade Channel (BS-RIS-UE), in order to estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) of the cascade Channel, the communication system needs to estimate the CSI of two channels, i.e., the BS-RIS and RIS-UE channels, respectively. This results in the overhead of CSI estimation being proportional to the number of RIS devices, and efficient transmission cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wireless communication transmission method and system based on an intelligent reflecting surface, which are used for solving the problems of low transmission efficiency and high cost of the existing wireless communication under the shielding condition and realizing high-speed low-cost communication under the shielding condition.
The invention provides a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflecting surface, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judgment result;
determining that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, sequentially transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
for the same group of target terminals, selecting beams in corresponding directions in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflector provided by the invention, the uplink channel estimation is carried out through the low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminal, whether a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal is judged, and a judgment result is generated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link to acquire angle domain element channel energy corresponding to different incidence angles at the base station;
on the base station side, if the energy of an angle domain channel corresponding to the direction of a target terminal is higher than a set threshold value, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting an intelligent reflecting surface for auxiliary transmission;
and on the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is lower than a set threshold, determining that a direct path does not exist between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface provided by the invention, the fact that the direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station is determined based on the judgment result, then the base station sequentially transmits the high-frequency reference signal to the adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces, the target terminal measures the power of the transmission signal, and the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum power of the transmission signal is selected to be determined as the intelligent reflecting surface to be finally selected, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when judging that the direct path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits reference signals to the plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
the target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
and determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the finally selected intelligent reflecting surface.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface provided by the invention, based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a main lobe of a wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping according to the positions of the target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be completely covered by the wave beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
different groups of target terminals adopt a time division multiple access mode to carry out signal transmission, and the target terminals in the same group carry out simultaneous and same-frequency transmission.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface provided by the invention, for the same group of target terminals, based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, the beams in the corresponding direction are selected in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface, a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams are sequentially scanned, and the beam with the best transmission quality is selected as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals, which specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the group of target terminals, and scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam;
scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
and determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as a final transmission beam.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface, the time division duplex signal transmission is carried out between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission wave beam, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the selected final transmission wave beam, the base station sends a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface, and the signal is reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface and then reaches all users in the same group;
and other groups of target terminals carry out time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface side beams.
The invention also provides an intelligent reflector wireless communication transmission system based on the user position information, which comprises:
the direct path judgment module is used for acquiring the position information of a target terminal, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminal, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminal, and generating a judgment result;
the intelligent reflecting surface selection module is used for determining that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, transmitting high-frequency reference signals to the adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence through the base station, measuring the power of the transmission signals by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signals is maximum to determine as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
the target terminal grouping module is used for selecting the intelligent reflecting surfaces on the basis of the final selection, and if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
the beam selection module is used for selecting beams in corresponding directions in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface for the same group of target terminals based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and the data transmission module is used for carrying out time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
The invention also provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface.
The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the intelligent reflector-based wireless communication transmission method as described in any of the above.
The present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for transmitting wireless communication based on an intelligent reflective surface as described in any one of the above.
According to the wireless communication transmission method and system based on the intelligent reflecting surface, whether a direct radiation path exists between a target terminal and a base station is determined by obtaining the position of the target terminal, when the direct radiation path does not exist, the reflecting surface with the maximum transmission signal power is selected and the target terminals are grouped, so that each target terminal is favorably and fully covered by a main lobe of a wave beam, the wave beam with the maximum transmission power closest to the target terminal is determined as a final transmission wave beam, and the transmission efficiency is ensured; and simultaneously, after the intelligent reflecting surface selects the wave beam, the intelligent reflecting surface is regarded as a part of a wireless environment and decoupled with channel estimation. Therefore, the channel estimation overhead provided by the invention is irrelevant to the array element number of the intelligent reflecting surface and only relevant to the number of target terminal antennas required by uplink channel estimation, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a prior art RIS for blind zone coverage provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflector according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a second schematic flowchart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflector according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a third schematic flowchart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflective surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic flowchart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflector according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a fifth flowchart of the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflector according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sixth schematic flowchart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an intelligent reflector according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of module connection of a wireless communication transmission system based on an intelligent reflector provided by the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application of the RIS assisted communication system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the low energy of the corresponding angular domain channel when the direct path provided by the present invention is not present;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the high channel energy in the angular domain when the direct path provided by the present invention exists;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the present invention providing that the time slot # 1, BS transmits reference signals to the RIS # 1;
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating that a BS transmits a reference signal to an RIS # 2 in a time slot # 2 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a single beam transmission with all UEs provided by the present invention divided into a set of RISs;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the UE divided into two RISs to transmit different beams in different time slots;
FIG. 17 is a schematic representation of RIS side beam selection provided by the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an overall implementation model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a plan view of a simulation model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an empirical distribution of SNR in a 1-bit codebook according to the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an empirical distribution of SNR in a 2-bit codebook according to the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between SNR and the number of beam scans in a 1-bit codebook according to the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between SNR and the number of beam scans in a 2-bit codebook according to the present invention;
reference numerals are as follows:
110: a direct path judgment module; 120: an intelligent reflecting surface selection module; 130: a target terminal grouping module; 140: a beam selection module; 150: a data transmission module;
810: a processor; 820: a communication interface; 830: a memory; 840: communication bus
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following describes the wireless communication transmission method based on intelligent reflective surface of the present invention with reference to fig. 2-7, including:
s100, obtaining position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judgment result;
s200, determining that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, sequentially transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
s300, based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
s400, for the same group of target terminals, selecting beams in corresponding directions in an intelligent reflecting surface codebook based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and S500, performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
In the invention, one base station BS provides communication service corresponding to a plurality of target terminals UE, and a plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces RIS assist the communication between the base station and the target terminals in a certain area range. Assuming that a low-frequency Sub-6GHz communication link always exists between the base station and the target terminal, the base station periodically acquires the position information of the target terminal for use by the transmission scheme. The application scenario is schematically illustrated in fig. 10: one BS serves a plurality of UEs within a cell, and several RIS exist around to assist communication. When there is a direct path between the UE and the BS, the RIS does not participate in the auxiliary communication, as shown by UE # 1; when the direct path of the BS-UE is blocked by an obstacle, one of the nearby RISs is selected to assist communication, as shown by UE # 2, the RIS # 2 in the cell is closer to the UE # 2, therefore, the RIS # 2 is selected to assist communication. The intelligent reflecting surface is selected to assist communication, so that the communication quality and efficiency can be improved.
Performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the target terminal position information, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and a target terminal, and generating a judgment result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, the target terminal transmits a reference signal to a base station through a low-frequency link to obtain angle domain element channel energy corresponding to different incidence angles at the base station;
s102, on the base station side, if the energy of an angle domain channel corresponding to the direction of a target terminal is higher than a set threshold value, determining that a direct radiation path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting an intelligent reflector for auxiliary transmission;
s103, on the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is lower than a set threshold, it is determined that a direct path does not exist between the base station and the target terminal, and the base station and the target terminal are in auxiliary communication through an intelligent reflecting surface.
The position information of the UE is periodically acquired by establishing a low-frequency Sub-6GHz link, and the specific period can be determined according to the movement speed of the UE and the quality of a received signal of the UE. The target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link, and obtains Angle domain element channel energy corresponding to different incident angles (Angle of Arrival, aoA). Under an ideal free space propagation model, the channel energy should be only concentrated on the angle domain channel elements corresponding to the angle of the UE relative to the BS, and the channel energy corresponding to other aoas is zero. However, in an actual wireless propagation environment, the wireless signal not only has direct transmission but also has multiple propagation modes such as reflection, diffraction, scattering and the like, which can cause multipath effect. Therefore, after the serving cell performs the angular domain decomposition on the uplink channel, although some aoas do not belong to the direct path of the BS-UE, there is still energy greater than zero due to reflection, diffraction, and the like. Therefore, the invention judges whether the channel energy of the angle domain element is higher than the set threshold value, if the channel energy of the angle domain element is higher than the set threshold value gamma, the direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal. If a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, the corresponding angular domain component energy should be larger; otherwise, if the direct path is blocked, the energy in the communication link mainly consists of the reflection path and the scattering path, and the energy of the angle domain component corresponding to the direct path should be smaller. The related schematic diagrams are shown in fig. 11 and fig. 12. Fig. 11 shows that when the direct path does not exist, the energy of the angular domain component corresponding to the direct path between the target terminal and the base station is lower in the 4 th element of the angular domain channel in the figure. The serving cell thus determines that a direct path does not exist; when the direct path exists, as shown in fig. 12, the energy of the No. 4 element is higher, and the serving cell thus determines that the direct path exists. If the direct path between the target terminal and the base station exists, the transmission scheme does not adopt an RIS, namely the BS directly establishes a high-frequency communication link with the UE; otherwise, if the direct path does not exist between the UE and the BS, introducing the RIS to carry out auxiliary communication and continuing to carry out subsequent steps. When the direct path exists, the reason for not using the RIS is that the RIS itself introduces two path losses, namely the BS-RIS segment and the RIS-UE segment. The two-phase link provided by the RIS tends to have a greater path loss than the direct path, providing limited gain in the presence of the direct path. On the contrary, if the direct path does not exist, the transmission quality between the BS and the UE will be significantly reduced due to the strong path loss of the high-frequency millimeter wave band, and at this time, if the RIS is introduced to assist the communication, the communication quality will be significantly improved.
Determining that a direct-radiation path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, then sequentially transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to the adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring the power of the transmission signal by the target terminal, selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum, and determining as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, when judging that the direct path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits reference signals to the plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the reference signals are received by a target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
s202, the target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
s203, determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface.
In the present invention, when the direct beam path is determined to be blocked, it is necessary to select which RIS is used in the vicinity to assist high frequency transmission. Specifically, each RIS selects a beam pointing to the UE from the codebook according to the location information of the UE, so that the UE selects an optimal RIS, and then sequentially transmits a high-frequency reference signal to each RIS nearby, and after the UE measures each received signal, the RIS or the reference signal with the maximum received power is selected and fed back to the serving cell. As shown in fig. 13 and 14. In the first slot, the BS transmits a reference signal to RIS # 1, because RIS # 1 is farther from the UE, the received power at the UE is lower; in the second slot, the BS continues to transmit the reference signal to RIS # 2 because RIS # 2 is closer to the UE and thus the received power at the UE is higher. After comparing the received power of two times, the UE feeds back to the BS, and RIS # 2 is more suitable for auxiliary transmission.
Based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surface, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface exists and a plurality of target terminals need to be served, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s301, when one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping is carried out according to the positions of the target terminals;
s302, dividing target terminals which can be completely covered by the wave beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
and S303, the target terminals in different groups transmit signals in a time division multiple access mode, and the target terminals in the same group transmit signals at the same time and the same frequency.
After the RIS serving each UE is determined for each UE, if one RIS corresponds to a plurality of UEs, grouping is carried out according to the position information of the UEs so that the beam main lobe of the RIS can cover all the UEs in the same group. Since the number of the RIS array elements is N R When the range is larger, the width of the main lobe of the RIS beam is narrower, so if the angular distance of different UEs relative to the RIS is larger than the included angle of the RIS main lobe, one beam cannot cover the UEs at the same time, which also causes the UEs covered by the side lobes to have greatly weakened transmission quality. According to the invention, the UE is grouped based on the position information, so that the UE in the same group can be completely covered by the main lobe of the wave beam, and the transmission quality is ensured; the UEs in different groups are served by Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). The third step of the transmission scheme is shown in fig. 15 and fig. 16. If all UEs can be covered by the main lobe of a certain beam, the RIS side only needs to transmit a single beam, as shown in fig. 15; otherwise, the UE is divided into multiple groups according to the reported position. In the case of fig. 16, UE # 1 and UE # 2 are divided into one group, UE # 3 and UE # 4 are divided into one group, and the two groups are served by two different beams.
For the same group of target terminals, based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals, specifically comprising:
s401, determining the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the group of target terminals, and scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam;
s402, scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
and S403, determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as a final transmission beam.
Since the location information provided by the UE usually has some error, the beam determined by the location information alone is probably not aligned to a group of UEs completely, so the present invention proposes that the serving cell should scan K neighboring beams to ensure that the RIS side selects the best beam. The selection of the value of K can be determined according to specific use requirements: the larger K is, the larger the beam scanning overhead is, and the larger the probability of scanning the optimal beam is; the smaller K, the lower the beam scanning overhead, but the disadvantage is that the best beam may not be found. For each group of UEs divided in the third step, based on the location information, a beam in the corresponding direction is selected in the codebook of the RIS, and the serving cell scans K beams at adjacent angles to the selected beam to determine the beam that optimizes the transmission quality, as shown in fig. 17. In the figure, the beam No. 2 is a beam selected according to the position information; by selecting the beam scanning number K =3, 3 beams at adjacent angles are scanned, the received power corresponding to each beam is as shown in the upper right corner of the figure, the received power of beam 2 is the highest, and the received power of beam 1, 3 times. Thus, the RIS-side beam selection is determined by the beam scanning.
Performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam, specifically comprising:
s501, according to the selected final transmission wave beam, the base station sends a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface, and the signal is reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface and then reaches all users in the same group;
and S502, the other groups of target terminals carry out time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface side beams.
For each UE, the beam serving its RIS is set to the selected transmission beam. The UE transmits a reference signal for uplink channel estimation by the serving cell. For the downlink channel CSI required for precoding, the reciprocity between the uplink and downlink channels is used to obtain, and in actual transmission, the uplink and downlink information transmission adopts a Time Division Duplex (TDD) scheme. The overall implementation is shown in fig. 18, where UE # 1 is not obstructed by an obstacle, and thus establishes direct link communication directly with the BS; UE # 2, UE # 3, UE # 4 are occluded and therefore employ RIS assisted transport. Further, since RIS # 1 is far away from it, it is determined that the three UEs are served by RIS # 2. Since three UEs cannot be covered by one beam at the same time, UE # 2 and UE # 3 are divided into one group, UE # 4 is divided into another group, and the two groups of UEs are served by different beams, respectively.
In one specific example, the location-based beamsAnd the scanning part carries out simulation verification. The simulation scenario is shown in FIG. 19, and considers a BS at a fixed location (0 m,0 m) and an RIS at a fixed location (40m, 10 m). The UEs are uniformly distributed within a circle having a center of (50m, 0m) and a radius of 5m, and the position information error σ =1.5m. Considering the common setting of millimeter wave communication, the number of BS antennas N B =64,RIS array element number N R =256, the ues are all single antennas. The carrier frequency is 24GHz, the bandwidth is 200MHz, and the power spectral density of the noise takes a classical value of-174 dBm/Hz. The path loss model adopts a square attenuation model, namely beta =32.4+20log 10 d+20log 10 f, where d is the distance value in meters and f is the carrier frequency value in GHz. The small scale channel is modeled as a rice channel with a rice factor k =10dB.
Fig. 20 and 21 show cumulative empirical SNR distributions of two different beam scanning schemes in 1-bit and 2-bit codebooks, respectively. The solid curve represents the beam scanning strategy based on the position information proposed by the present invention, where K =11; the dashed curve represents a conventional exhaustive beam scanning strategy. It can be seen that the scheme performs similarly to the conventional exhaustive search strategy in both codebooks.
Fig. 22 and 23 show the relationship between the average SNR and the number of beam scans in 1-bit and 2-bit codebooks, respectively. The number of scans for the exhaustive scan strategy is constant at N R =256, whereas the beam scanning strategy based on location information proposed by the present invention, K varies from 1 to 15. It can be seen that under the exhaustive scanning strategy, there is approximately a 6dB performance improvement using the high resolution codebook (2 bits) compared to the low resolution codebook (1 bit). In addition, when the beam scanning times K is larger than or equal to 11, the performance gap between the beam scanning strategy based on the position and the exhaustive scanning strategy is smaller. In particular, at K =11, the beam search strategy proposed by the present invention has a performance loss of only 0.08/0.05dB compared to the exhaustive search strategy. And in the aspect of beam scanning overhead, the invention can save 256/11 ≈ 23 times of beam scanning overhead.
Referring to fig. 9, the present invention also discloses a wireless communication transmission system based on an intelligent reflector, the system includes:
a direct path determining module 110, configured to obtain location information of a target terminal, perform uplink channel estimation through a low frequency link based on the location information of the target terminal, determine whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminal, and generate a determination result;
the intelligent reflecting surface selecting module 120 determines that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, transmits a high-frequency reference signal to the adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence through the base station, measures the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selects the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
the target terminal grouping module 130 is configured to select an intelligent reflecting surface based on the final selection, and if a certain intelligent reflecting surface exists and a plurality of target terminals need to be served, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a main lobe of a beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
the beam selection module 140 is configured to select, for the same group of target terminals, a beam in a corresponding direction in the intelligent reflector codebook based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflector, sequentially scan a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and select a beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and a data transmission module 150 for performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
The direct path determining module 110, where the target terminal transmits a reference signal to a base station through a low frequency link, and obtains channel energy of angle domain elements corresponding to different incident angles at the base station;
under the condition that the energy of the angle domain element channel is higher than a set threshold value, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and establishing a high-frequency communication link between the base station and the target terminal;
and under the condition that the energy of the angle domain element channel is lower than a set threshold value, determining that no direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface.
The intelligent reflecting surface selection module 120 is configured to, when it is determined that the direct beam path does not exist, transmit a reference signal to the plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence by the base station, where the reference signal is received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
the target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
and determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the finally selected intelligent reflecting surface.
A target terminal grouping module 130 for grouping according to the positions of target terminals when one intelligent reflection surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be completely covered by the wave beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
different groups of target terminals adopt a time division multiple access mode to carry out signal transmission, and the target terminals in the same group carry out simultaneous and same-frequency transmission.
The beam selection module 140 determines the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the group of target terminals, and scans a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam;
scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
and determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as a final transmission beam.
The data transmission module 150 is used for sending a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface by the base station according to the selected final transmission wave beam, and the signal reaches all users in the same group after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface;
and other groups of target terminals carry out time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface side beams.
According to the wireless communication transmission system based on the intelligent reflecting surface, whether a direct-radiation path exists between a target terminal and a base station is determined by obtaining the position of the target terminal, when the direct-radiation path does not exist, the reflecting surface with the maximum transmission signal power is selected and the target terminals are grouped, so that each target terminal is favorably and completely covered by a main lobe of a wave beam, the wave beam with the maximum transmission power closest to the target terminal is determined as a final transmission wave beam, and the transmission efficiency is ensured; and simultaneously, after the intelligent reflecting surface selects the wave beam, the intelligent reflecting surface is regarded as a part of the wireless environment and decoupled with the channel estimation. Therefore, the channel estimation overhead provided by the invention is irrelevant to the array element number of the intelligent reflecting surface and only relevant to the number of target terminal antennas required by uplink channel estimation, and the cost is reduced.
Fig. 8 illustrates a physical structure diagram of an electronic device, which may include, as shown in fig. 8: a processor (processor) 810, a communication Interface 820, a memory 830 and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication Interface 820 and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may invoke logic instructions in the memory 830 to perform a method of intelligent reflective surface based wireless communication transmission, the method comprising:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judgment result;
determining that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, sequentially transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
for the same group of target terminals, selecting beams in the corresponding direction in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 830 may be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product including a computer program, the computer program being stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, a computer is capable of executing the wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflective surface provided by the above methods, the method including:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judgment result;
if it is determined that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence through the base station, measuring the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
for the same group of target terminals, selecting beams in corresponding directions in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements a method for intelligent reflector-based wireless communication transmission provided by the above methods, the method comprising:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judgment result;
determining that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, sequentially transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces through the base station, measuring the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
for the same group of target terminals, selecting beams in corresponding directions in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. Based on the understanding, the above technical solutions substantially or otherwise contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wireless communication transmission method based on the intelligent reflecting surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring position information of a plurality of target terminals, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminals, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminals, and generating a judgment result;
if it is determined that a direct path does not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, transmitting a high-frequency reference signal to nearby intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence through the base station, measuring the power of a transmission signal by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as a final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
based on the final selection of the intelligent reflecting surfaces, if a certain intelligent reflecting surface needs to serve a plurality of target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that the main lobe of the wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
for the same group of target terminals, selecting beams in corresponding directions in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams in sequence, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein uplink channel estimation is performed through a low frequency link based on the target terminal location information, whether a direct path exists between a base station and a target terminal is determined, and a determination result is generated, and the method specifically includes:
the target terminal transmits a reference signal to the base station through a low-frequency link to acquire angle domain element channel energy corresponding to different incidence angles at the base station;
on the base station side, if the energy of an angle domain channel corresponding to the direction of a target terminal is higher than a set threshold value, determining that a direct path exists between the base station and the target terminal, and directly carrying out high-frequency communication between the base station and the target terminal without adopting an intelligent reflecting surface for auxiliary transmission;
and on the base station side, if the angle domain channel energy corresponding to the direction of the target terminal is lower than a set threshold value, determining that a direct radiation path does not exist between the base station and the target terminal, and performing auxiliary communication between the base station and the target terminal through an intelligent reflecting surface.
3. The wireless communication transmission method based on intelligent reflecting surfaces according to claim 1, wherein if it is determined based on the determination result that there is no direct path between the target terminal and the base station, the base station sequentially transmits a high-frequency reference signal to the adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces, the target terminal measures the power of the transmission signal, and selects the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signal is maximum to determine as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface, specifically comprising:
when judging that the direct beam path does not exist, the base station sequentially transmits reference signals to the plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces, and the reference signals are received by the target terminal after being reflected by the intelligent reflecting surfaces;
the target terminal selects an intelligent reflecting surface according to the power of the received high-frequency reference signal;
and determining the intelligent reflecting surface corresponding to the maximum value of the received power as the finally selected intelligent reflecting surface.
4. The intelligent reflector-based wireless communication transmission method according to claim 1, wherein based on the final selection of the intelligent reflector, if there is a certain intelligent reflector that needs to serve multiple target terminals, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a main lobe of a beam emitted by the intelligent reflector can cover all target terminals in the same group, specifically comprising:
when one intelligent reflecting surface corresponds to a plurality of target terminals, grouping according to the positions of the target terminals;
dividing target terminals which can be completely covered by the wave beam main lobe reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface into the same group based on the position information of the target terminals;
different groups of target terminals adopt a time division multiple access mode to carry out signal transmission, and the target terminals in the same group carry out simultaneous and same-frequency transmission.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein for a same set of target terminals, selecting a beam in a corresponding direction in the codebook of the intelligent reflector based on the position of the set of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflector, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the set of target terminals specifically comprises:
determining the beam direction at the intelligent reflecting surface based on the position information of the group of target terminals, and scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beam;
scanning a plurality of wave beams and judging the transmission power;
and determining the beam with the maximum transmission power as a final transmission beam.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam specifically comprises:
according to the selected final transmission wave beam, the base station sends a signal to be transmitted to the intelligent reflecting surface, and the signal is reflected by the intelligent reflecting surface and then reaches all users in the same group;
and other groups of target terminals carry out time division duplex signal transmission through the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface side beams.
7. Wireless communication transmission system based on intelligent plane of reflection, characterized in that, the system includes:
the direct path judgment module is used for acquiring position information of a target terminal, performing uplink channel estimation through a low-frequency link based on the position information of the target terminal, judging whether a direct path exists between a base station and the target terminal, and generating a judgment result;
the intelligent reflecting surface selection module is used for determining that direct radiation paths do not exist between the target terminal and the base station based on the judgment result, transmitting high-frequency reference signals to the adjacent intelligent reflecting surfaces in sequence through the base station, measuring the power of transmission signals by the target terminal, and selecting the corresponding intelligent reflecting surface when the power of the transmission signals is maximum to determine as the final selected intelligent reflecting surface;
the target terminal grouping module is used for selecting an intelligent reflecting surface based on the final selection, and if a certain intelligent reflecting surface exists and a plurality of target terminals need to be served, the target terminals need to be grouped, so that a main lobe of a wave beam emitted by the intelligent reflecting surface can cover all the target terminals in the same group;
the beam selection module is used for selecting beams in corresponding directions in the code book of the intelligent reflecting surface for the same group of target terminals based on the positions of the group of target terminals relative to the intelligent reflecting surface, sequentially scanning a plurality of beams adjacent to the beams, and selecting the beam with the best transmission quality as the beam corresponding to the group of target terminals;
and the data transmission module is used for carrying out time division duplex signal transmission between the base station and the target terminal based on the selected final transmission beam.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method for transmitting wireless communication based on intelligent reflective surfaces as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the program.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for transmitting wireless communication based on intelligent reflective surfaces as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for intelligent reflective surface based wireless communication transmission of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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