CN115632727A - Spectrum sensing method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency spectrum sensing method and a frequency spectrum sensing device, wherein the method comprises the steps of sending a lead code signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the lead code signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal; splicing the frequency spectrums through channel impulse response to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums; and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum. The invention obtains the frequency spectrum information in the extremely high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) from the channel impulse response CIR provided by the ultra-wideband sending module through the ultra-wideband technology so as to judge the occupation state of the target channel, thereby solving the technical problem that the traditional low-cost frequency spectrum sensing method and equipment can not sense the frequency spectrum with the large bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of spectrum sensing devices, and in particular, to a spectrum sensing method and apparatus.
Background
Spectrum sensing refers to obtaining spectrum information in a certain time, a certain place and a certain frequency range. Ultra wideband technology refers to a new communication technology with bandwidth over 500 MHz. With the increasing of various communication services, the spectrum is gradually in short supply. To alleviate this problem, dynamic spectrum allocation policies are being implemented, such as the main services in the 3-5GHz band being satellite communications and 5G business equipment, but some personal communication devices are allowed to use this band without affecting the main services. In order to ensure that the main business is not affected, the spectrum management organization needs to monitor the use conditions of the spectrums at different places at any time. Therefore, the conventional method is to continuously patrol and detect a large-scale high-precision large-bandwidth spectrum measuring instrument such as a vehicle-mounted radar and detect whether the spectrum is occupied. However, this method is very costly and tends to miss areas where large equipment cannot reach.
The method for constructing a large-scale spectrum sensing network is disclosed, namely, some low-cost spectrum sensing devices are placed at a plurality of positions in a region, the spectrum sensing devices continuously upload spectrum data of the positions of the spectrum sensing devices to a manager, and the manager can acquire the spectrum information in the region by summarizing the data. However, the low-cost spectrum sensing device can only perform narrow-band spectrum sensing, for example, a spectrum sensing device based on USRP (universal software radio peripheral) can only sense spectrum information with a bandwidth of 50MHz at a time, and cannot perform large-bandwidth spectrum sensing, which easily causes some transient signals outside the detection bandwidth to be missed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a spectrum sensing method and a spectrum sensing device, which solve the technical problem that the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large-bandwidth spectrum.
In order to solve the foregoing technical problem, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a spectrum sensing method, including:
transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain;
based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum through channel impulse response splicing;
and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal into target signals by a fitting separation method comprises:
and if the time for receiving the preamble signal exceeds a preset time threshold, switching the first transmission gain to a second transmission gain.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain is followed by:
and based on a radar mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the receiving a mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal into the target signal based on the radar mode includes:
acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with the lead code signals in a first sampling length threshold value based on the radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, keeping the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if so, switching to the second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if so, switching to the normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is kept and the mixed signal is received.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method based on the normal mode to obtain the target signal comprises:
acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with the lead code signals in a second sampling length threshold value based on the normal mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal, and judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, switching to the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if yes, keeping the current normal mode to receive the mixed signal.
The spectrum sensing method includes that the mixed signal includes a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving ends at the same time, and both the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal include a channel impulse response and a target signal.
The spectrum sensing method, wherein the step of separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal and simultaneously judging whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal comprises the steps of:
acquiring self-channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self-channel impulse response to obtain new self-channel impulse response;
respectively performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to the channel impulse response;
obtaining an automatic gain control scaling factor k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) × F1 (F) -H (F); calculating a second target signal X2 (F) by using the new self-channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) × F2 (F) -H (F);
averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain a final target signal;
meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a threshold value K is obtained, and if the target signal is larger than the signal threshold value, the target channel is determined to be occupied; and if the target signal is less than or equal to the signal threshold, determining that the target channel is not occupied, wherein the signal threshold K =2 × mean (E/MAX).
The spectrum sensing method is characterized in that the constraint equation is as follows:
the spectrum sensing method, wherein the splicing of the frequency spectrums of the target channels through channel impulse response to obtain the high-definition spectrum, specifically includes:
sequentially accessing adjacent target signals into a cache pool, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signals in the cache pool to obtain a periodic function;
averaging the data x _ cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average value Mean _ cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average value Mean _ x, and zooming the data x _ cache (t) to obtain a data zoom value x _ cache '(t), wherein the data zoom value x _ cache' (t) = (Mean _ x/Mean _ cache) = x _ cache (t);
setting the latter ten of the data scaling values X _ cache '(t) as a data set C, and setting the former ten of the data scaling values X _ cache' (t) as a data set X;
acquiring a data set C maximum value Max _ C, a data set X maximum value Max _ X, a data set C maximum value position Index _ C and a data set X maximum value position Index _ X, and deleting data between the data set C maximum value position Index _ C and the data set X maximum value position Index _ X;
merging the maximum value position Index _ C of the data set C and the maximum value position Index _ X of the data set X to form a spliced point, wherein the value of the spliced point is (Max _ C + Max _ X)/2;
and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value X _ cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain the high-definition spectrum X _ cache' (f).
A second aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, which are executable by one or more processors to implement the steps in the spectrum sensing method as described in any of the above.
A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a spectrum sensing apparatus, including:
a transmission module for transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain;
a receiving module, configured to receive a mixed signal including the preamble signal based on a normal mode and separate the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
a generating module, configured to generate a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
the splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing;
and the judging module is used for confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum. A fourth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a terminal device, including: a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory has stored thereon a computer readable program executable by the processor;
the communication bus realizes the connection communication between the processor and the memory;
the processor, when executing the computer readable program, implements the steps in the spectrum sensing method as described in any of the above.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention provides a frequency spectrum sensing method and a frequency spectrum sensing device, wherein the method comprises the steps of sending a lead code signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the lead code signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal; splicing the frequency spectrums through channel impulse response to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums; and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in a very high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is obtained from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband sending module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large-bandwidth spectrum is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a spectrum sensing method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of curve fitting of the channel impulse response of the system itself according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of curve fitting of channel impulse responses of a hybrid signal according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of a new mixing signal F (F) and an automatic gain control scaled mixing signal a x H (F) provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram of a target signal X (f) according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a channel impulse response CIR splicing method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of receive mode control provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sampling point in a radar mode provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a transmission gain control method provided by the present invention;
fig. 10 is a block diagram of a spectrum sensing apparatus provided in the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided in the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum sensing apparatus provided in the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the spectrum sensing apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of a target signal spectrum provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for sensing a frequency spectrum, and in order to make the purpose, technical solution, and effect of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Firstly, it is needed to know that the ultra-wideband technology is a communication technology with extremely high bandwidth (bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz), and has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, large bandwidth, high precision and high stability. Ultra wideband technology has matured to date and is often used in positioning, and many commercial devices have their shadows, such as smart phones. In addition to localization, ultra-wideband technology is also used in sensing fields, such as sensing human breath and heartbeat, sensing material of objects, etc., because it can provide a channel impulse response CIR to a developer, which can represent the state of a current communication target channel, from which the developer can acquire current environment information to sense the current environment, like radar. Since the channel impulse response CIR can represent the state of the current communication target channel, the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband device is 500MHz-1GHz.
Therefore, through some designs, the spectrum information in the bandwidth of 500MHz-1GHz can be obtained from the channel impulse response CIR provided by the ultra-wideband equipment. According to the idea, a low spectrum sensing method, a storage medium and a terminal device are designed.
The invention will be further explained by the description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 12, the present invention uses an ultra-wideband transceiver capable of transceiving ultra-wide signals (with a bandwidth of 500MHz to 1 GHz) to form an ultra-wideband transmitting module and an ultra-wideband receiving module of a system. An external signal enters the system through an antenna and is superposed with a preamble signal sent by an ultra-wideband sending module through a combiner, a superposed mixed signal simultaneously flows to an ultra-wideband receiving module formed by two ultra-wideband transceivers through a power divider, the two transceivers correlate and accumulate the received signal and the known preamble signal, and transmit the accumulated result to a controller. The controller can transmit the data to the receiving end in a wired or wireless mode, process the data and display the result.
In the spectrum sensing method provided by this embodiment, the main execution body of the spectrum sensing method may be a spectrum sensing device at a computer end, or a server device integrated with the spectrum sensing device. The spectrum sensing device can be implemented in a hardware or software mode. It is to be understood that the execution subject of the present embodiment may be an intelligent terminal such as a tablet computer or a server host, which is provided with a spectrum sensing device. For example, the server acquires a mixed signal of a target channel, acquires the target signal of the target channel according to the mixed signal, and judges whether the target channel is occupied; packing the target signal to generate a frequency spectrum section, sequentially accessing the frequency spectrum section into a cache pool, and splicing adjacent frequency spectrum sections in the cache pool through a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) to obtain a frequency spectrum; controlling a receiving mode in the next measurement according to the occupation state of a frequency spectrum (target channel), wherein the receiving mode comprises a normal mode or a radar mode; the transmission gain is set according to the occupancy state of the spectrum (target channel).
It should be noted that the above application scenarios are only presented to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in any way in this respect. Rather, embodiments of the present invention may be applied to any scenario where applicable.
Further, for further explanation of the present disclosure, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the spectrum sensing method provided in this embodiment specifically includes:
and step S10, sending a preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain.
Preferably, the preamble signal is transmitted on the target channel by an ultra-wideband transmission module based on the first transmission gain, wherein the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband transmission module is 500MHz-1GHz. Specifically, the uwb device communicates by transmitting a data frame, which is mainly composed of three parts, as shown in fig. 13, wherein a preamble signal is a known sequence specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to acquire a channel impulse response. During communication, the receiving end will continuously use the known pilot signal to correlate with the currently received signal to obtain the channel impulse response CIR, and accumulate the channel impulse response CIR into the register.
When other signals exist in the space, such as 5G signals, the signals are received by the receiving end together with the preamble signal, and are correlated and accumulated in the register. The value read from the register at this time is a mixed signal of the channel impulse response CIR and the 5G signal, the frequency spectrum of which is shown in fig. 14, and the box is a target signal (5G signal).
Therefore, theoretically, the spectrogram of the target signal can be restored from the mixed signal by some method.
And S20, receiving the mixed signal containing the lead code signal based on the normal mode, and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal.
It should be noted that, considering that the ultra-wideband device with low cost may generate some abnormal peaks with random frequencies on the frequency spectrum due to circuit noise, and cause device misjudgment. The signals are received by two receiving ends simultaneously, namely double-end receiving. And the final measurement result is the intersection of the two receiving end measurement results, so that the reliability of the result is improved. And after the mixed signal is received, selecting to enter a normal mode or a radar mode according to the instruction of the mode control signal.
Preferably, based on the normal mode, the hybrid signal including the preamble signal is received by the ultra-wideband receiving module and the hybrid signal is separated by a fitting separation method to obtain the target signal. The bandwidth of the ultra-wideband receiving module is 500MHz-1GHz. Specifically, the spectrum X (f) of the target signal can be obtained by fitting the separation method in the normal mode.
Based on the ultra-wideband technology, channel Impulse Response (CIR) can be provided, the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) can represent the state of the current communication channel, and current environment information can be acquired from the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), so that the current environment can be perceived, and the method is like radar. Since the CIR can represent the current communication channel state, the bandwidths of the ultra-wideband transmitting module and the ultra-wideband receiving module are both 500MHz-1GHz.
And step S30, generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal.
S40, splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing;
and S50, confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum.
Further, the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal comprises:
as shown in fig. 9, if the time for receiving the preamble signal exceeds a preset time threshold, the first transmission gain is switched to the second transmission gain.
Further, the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain is followed by:
and based on the radar mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain a target signal.
Further, the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal based on the radar mode includes:
it should be noted that, in the radar mode, since a higher spectrum update speed is required, the signal separation is directly performed from the time domain Channel Impulse Response (CIR), and the scaling of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is obtained.
Step S201, based on the radar mode, obtaining channel impulse response sampling points with preamble signals within a first sampling length threshold.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7, after the receiving end senses the spectrum data in 64us and acquires the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), it takes 2ms for the terminal to read the data of the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), and in the process, the receiving end cannot continuously sense the spectrum, which may cause some transient signals to be missed. For this purpose, a radar mode is provided in which the device reads only 150 channel impulse response CIR samples, and when the device detects a signal present for a long time, it switches to the normal mode, i.e. reads all 1016 CIR samples.
Specifically, in radar mode (in short packet sounding), 150 Channel Impulse Response (CIR) samples are read. Since the direct path (First path) of the mixed signal contains most of the energy of the channel impulse response H (f), the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) is shown in fig. 8, and the red frame is the direct path, the First 120 samples of the direct path and the last 30 samples including the direct path, which are 150 points in total, are selected and read, and the range is shown in the box of fig. 8.
Calculating X (f): for a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) of 150 points, the FFT of the first 120 points of the direct path may be approximately equal to: s (f) = k X (f), and the FFT of 30 samples comprising the direct path may be approximately equal to: k x H (f). The sum P of the powers of the last 30 samples is found, and in radar mode (in short packet detection), the transmit power P' of the system itself is found, as follows: k = P/P', X (f) = (1/k) × S (f) can be obtained, and X (f) obtained at the two parallel ends is averaged to obtain the final target signal X (f).
If the target channel in the X (f) is occupied, judging whether the target channel is similar to the X (f) obtained by last sensing, if so, indicating that a continuous signal exists, and switching to a normal mode; if not, the short packet detection is continued.
The low-cost ultra-wideband device may generate some abnormal peaks with random frequencies on the frequency spectrum due to circuit noise, thereby causing misjudgment of the device.
And step S202, accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal.
And step S203, separating the mixed signal to obtain a target signal.
And step S204, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal.
And step S205, if not, keeping the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal.
Step S206, if yes, switching to a second emission gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to a normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is kept and the mixed signal is received.
It should be noted that the receiving end may access the register only after recognizing the preamble signal, and when the external signal power is too high, the signal-to-noise ratio of the preamble signal will be lower than the limit that the receiving end can recognize, which may result in failure to obtain the CIR; when the power of the external signal is too small, the signal-to-noise ratio of the external signal is low, so that the terminal cannot separate the external signal from the mixed signal.
The ultra-wideband device with low cost can only store a small number of Channel Impulse Response (CIR) sampling points due to the limitation of hardware storage space, the used ultra-wideband device can only store 1016 sampling points, the sampling frequency spectrum of the device is 1GHz, and the device can only provide 1MHz frequency spectrum resolution.
For this purpose, by dynamically adjusting the power of the transmission signal by transmission gain control, two kinds of transmission gains, a first transmission gain (transmission gain 1. Specifically, the gain of the transmission signal is selected and the adaptive power adjustment method is adopted. The method comprises the following steps: starting a transmitting and receiving end; setting transmission power to transmit a first transmission gain ( transmission gain 1, 0 db) or a second transmission gain (transmission gain 2, 30db), wherein the default is transmission gain 1; transmitting a preamble signal; whether the receiving end receives overtime or not, if so, setting a second transmission gain (transmission gain 2; and judging whether the frequency spectrum is occupied, if so, continuing to transmit the preamble signal by using the current gain setting for next measurement, and if not, setting the first transmission gain (transmission gain 1.
Further, the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain the target signal based on the normal mode includes:
and step S207, acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with preamble signals in a second sampling length threshold based on the normal mode.
And step S208, accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal.
S209, separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
step S210, if not, switching to a radar mode and receiving a mixed signal;
and step S211, if yes, keeping the current normal mode to receive the mixed signal.
Further, the mixed signal includes a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving terminals at the same time, and both the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal include a channel impulse response and a target signal.
In particular, it is considered that a low-cost ultra-wideband device may generate some abnormal peaks with random frequencies on a frequency spectrum due to circuit noise, thereby causing misjudgment of the device. The signals are received by two receiving ends simultaneously, namely double-end receiving. The final measurement result is the intersection of the two receiving end measurement results, so that the reliability of the result is improved. After receiving the mixed signal, the system can select to enter a normal mode or a radar mode according to the instruction of the mode control signal.
Further, the step of separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal comprises the following steps:
step S2091, obtaining the self-channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self-channel impulse response to obtain a new self-channel impulse response.
It should be noted that, a commercial ultra wideband device has an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) built therein, and when the power of the received signal is large, the AGC automatically adjusts the amplitude of the received signal in a linear manner, which results in amplitude distortion of the target signal. The actual scaling factor of the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) needs to be found to recover the real signal energy.
Since the wired channel impulse response is relatively stable, it can be regarded as H (f), and the target signal as X (f), and the frequency domain expression S (f) = H (f) + X (f) of the mixed signal shown in fig. 2. However, since the mixed signal is scaled by Automatic Gain Control (AGC), the mixed signal is actually obtained as S (f) = k = H (f) + X (f)), where k is an unknown AGC scaling factor. Therefore, the known channel impulse response cannot be directly used for solving, and before solving, a scaling coefficient of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) needs to be obtained, and the design for this purpose is as follows:
under the condition of no external signal, the channel impulse response H (f) of the system is measured and curve fitting is carried out on the channel impulse response H (f), and the new channel impulse response is shown in figure 2.
Step S2092, performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to the channel impulse response.
Specifically, curve fitting is performed on the mixed signal S (F) (the first mixed signal or the second mixed signal), the approximate position of the channel impulse response is determined, and a new mixed signal F (F) (the new first mixed signal F1 (F) or the new second mixed signal F2 (F)) = k × H (F) + N (F)) is obtained (new mixed signal) according to the channel impulse response, where N (F) is noise after fitting, as shown in fig. 3.
Step S2093, obtaining an automatic gain control scaling factor k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through a new self channel impulse response H (F) and a new first mixed signal F1 (F), where the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) × F1 (F) -H (F); a second target signal X2 (F) is calculated from the new own channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), where the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) × F2 (F) -H (F).
That is, when there is a such that (F) -a × H (F)) ^2 sums up F (i.e. Distance between F (F) and a × H (F)) is the minimum, a is considered as the scaling ratio k of Automatic Gain Control (AGC), as shown in fig. 4, thin line is F (F), and thick line is a ^ H (F):
the target signal X (F) = (1/a) × F (F) -H (F) is reduced. Finally, X (f) is obtained as shown in FIG. 5.
Step S2094, averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain a final target signal.
Step S2095, meanwhile, a threshold value K is obtained according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, and if the target signal is larger than the signal threshold value, the target channel is determined to be occupied; and if the target signal is less than or equal to a signal threshold value, determining that the target channel is not occupied, wherein the signal threshold value K =2 × mean (E/MAX).
Further, the constraint equation is:
further, by channel impulse response splicing, the frequency spectrum of the target channel is spliced to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum, which specifically includes:
step S401, as shown in fig. 6, sequentially accessing adjacent target signals to a buffer pool, and performing inverse fourier transform on the target signals in the buffer pool to obtain a periodic function.
Specifically, since the spectral resolution of the target signal X (f) is only 1MHz, the spectral resolution needs to be improved by using a method of splicing a plurality of packets. To this end, a cache pool is constructed, into which new periodic functions x (t) are to be accessed, and from which the oldest accessed periodic functions x (t) are to be deleted.
The specific method is as follows, using 4096 point buffer pool, it can store four groups of x (t) updated in turn, at this time, it is assumed that there is data in the buffer pool.
Carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the target signal X (f) to obtain a periodic function X (t)
Step S402, averaging the data x _ cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average value Mean _ cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average value Mean _ x, and zooming the data x _ cache (t) to obtain a data zoom value x _ cache '(t), wherein the data zoom value x _ cache' (t) = (Mean _ x/Mean _ cache) = x _ cache (t).
Specifically, data scaling alignment: and (3) averaging Mean _ cache of the data in the cache pool, and averaging Mean _ x of x (t). Assuming that the data in the cache pool is x _ cache (t), scaling the data in the cache pool by x _ cache' (t) = (Mean _ x/Mean _ cache) × x _ cache (t).
In step S403, the latter ten data scaling values X _ cache '(t) are set as data sets C, and the former ten data scaling values X _ cache' (t) are set as data sets X.
Step S404, acquiring a maximum value Max _ C of a data set C, a maximum value Max _ X of a data set X, a maximum value position Index _ C of the data set C and a maximum value position Index _ X of the data set X, and deleting data between the maximum value position Index _ C of the data set C and the maximum value position Index _ X of the data set X;
step S405, combining the maximum value position Index _ C of the data set C and the maximum value position Index _ X of the data set X to form a splicing point, wherein the value of the splicing point is (Max _ C + Max _ X)/2.
And specifically, phase alignment, namely, setting the data set C as the ten numbers after X _ cache' (t) and the data set X as the ten numbers before X (t), finding the maximum values Max _ C and Max _ X of the data set C and the data set X, and the position corresponding to the maximum values: index _ C and Index _ X. Deleting the data after Index _ C and before Index _ X, and combining Index _ C and Index _ X to form a splicing point, wherein the value corresponding to the splicing point is (Max _ C + Max _ X)/2.
Step S406, performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value X _ cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain a high-definition spectrum X _ cache' (f);
in some embodiments, 4096-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the data scaling value X _ cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain a high-definition spectrum X _ cache' (f) with a resolution of 250 KHz.
In summary, the present embodiment provides a spectrum sensing method and apparatus, wherein the method includes sending a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; based on the normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing a lead code signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal; splicing frequency spectrums through channel impulse response to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums; and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in a very high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is obtained from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband sending module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large-bandwidth spectrum is solved. The technical problem that some transient signals outside a detection bandwidth are missed easily because the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing equipment can only sense narrow-band spectrum is solved.
In order to better implement the above method, the embodiment of the present application further provides a spectrum sensing apparatus 100, which may be specifically integrated in an electronic device, where the electronic device may be a terminal, a server, a personal computer, or the like. For example, in this embodiment, the apparatus may include: the transmitting module 101, the receiving module 102, the generating module 103, the splicing module 104, and the determining module 105 are as follows (as shown in fig. 10):
(1) A transmission module for transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain;
(2) The receiving module is used for receiving the mixed signals containing the lead code signals based on the normal mode and separating the mixed signals by a fitting separation method to obtain target signals;
(3) The generating module is used for generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal;
(4) The splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing;
(5) And the judging module is used for confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum.
In some embodiments, a spectrum sensing apparatus 100 includes a transmitting module 101, a receiving module 102, a generating module 103, a splicing module 104, and a determining module 105, wherein the transmitting module transmits a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; the receiving module receives a mixed signal containing a lead code signal based on a normal mode and separates the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; the generation module generates a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal; the splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing; and the judging module confirms the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum.
Preferably, the hardware design is as shown in fig. 12, and the ultra-wideband transmitting module and the ultra-wideband receiving module of the ultra-wideband transceiver composition system are capable of transmitting and receiving ultra-wideband signals. An external signal enters the system through an antenna and is superposed with a preamble signal sent by an ultra-wideband sending module through a combiner, a superposed mixed signal simultaneously flows to an ultra-wideband receiving module formed by two ultra-wideband transceivers through a power divider, the two transceivers correlate and accumulate the received signal and the known preamble signal, and transmit the accumulated result to a controller. The controller can transmit the data to the receiving end in a wired or wireless mode, process the data and display the result. And the terminal performs data processing and other operations, so as to obtain the frequency spectrum of the target signal. Two parallel working receiving ends are arranged, and the final measuring result is the intersection of the measuring results of the two receiving ends, so that the reliability of the result is improved.
In a specific implementation, the above units may be implemented as independent entities, or may be combined arbitrarily to be implemented as the same or several entities, and the specific implementation of the above units may refer to the foregoing method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of the methods of the above embodiments may be performed by instructions or by associated hardware controlled by the instructions, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.
Based on the spectrum sensing method, the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, where one or more programs are stored, and the one or more programs are executable by one or more processors to implement the steps in the spectrum sensing method according to the above embodiment. The method comprises the following specific steps:
transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain;
based on the normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing a lead code signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal;
splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums by channel impulse response splicing;
and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum.
In some embodiments, the step of receiving the hybrid signal containing the preamble signal and separating the hybrid signal into the target signal by fitting a separation method is preceded by the steps of:
and if the time for receiving the lead code signal exceeds a preset time threshold, switching the first transmission gain to a second transmission gain.
In some embodiments, the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain is followed by:
and based on the radar mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain a target signal.
In some embodiments, the step of receiving the hybrid signal including the preamble signal and separating the hybrid signal into the target signal based on the radar mode includes:
acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with lead code signals in a first sampling length threshold value based on a radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain a target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, the radar mode is kept and the mixed signal is received;
if yes, switching to a second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to a normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is kept and the mixed signal is received.
In some embodiments, the step of receiving the mixed signal including the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal into the target signal by a fitting separation method based on the normal mode includes:
acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with lead code signals in a second sampling length threshold value based on the normal mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain a mixed signal;
separating the mixed signals by a fitting separation method to obtain target signals, and judging whether the target channels are occupied or not according to the target signals;
if not, switching to a radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if yes, keeping the current normal mode to receive the mixed signal.
In some embodiments, the hybrid signal includes a first hybrid signal and a second hybrid signal, where the first hybrid signal and the second hybrid signal are respectively received by two receiving ends at the same time, and both the first hybrid signal and the second hybrid signal include a channel impulse response and a target signal.
In some embodiments, the step of separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal, and determining whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal includes:
acquiring self-channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self-channel impulse response to obtain new self-channel impulse response;
respectively performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to channel impulse response;
obtaining an automatic gain control scaling coefficient k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through a new self channel impulse response H (F) and a new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) × F1 (F) -H (F); calculating a second target signal X2 (F) by using the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) × F2 (F) -H (F);
averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain a final target signal;
meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a threshold value K is obtained, and if the target signal is larger than the signal threshold value, the target channel is determined to be occupied; and if the target signal is less than or equal to a signal threshold value, determining that the target channel is not occupied, wherein the signal threshold value K =2 × mean (E/MAX).
In some embodiments, the constraint equation is:
in some embodiments, splicing the frequency spectrum of the target channel to obtain a high-definition frequency spectrum by channel impulse response splicing specifically includes:
sequentially accessing adjacent target signals into a cache pool, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signals in the cache pool to obtain a periodic function;
averaging the data x _ cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average Mean _ cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average Mean _ x, and zooming the data x _ cache (t) to obtain a data zoom value x _ cache '(t), wherein the data zoom value x _ cache' (t)
x_cache’(t)＝(Mean_x/Mean_cache)*x_cache(t)；
Setting the latter ten data scaling values X _ cache '(t) as a data set C, and setting the former ten data scaling values X _ cache' (t) as a data set X;
acquiring a data set C maximum value Max _ C, a data set X maximum value Max _ X, a data set C maximum value position Index _ C and a data set X maximum value position Index _ X, and deleting data between the data set C maximum value position Index _ C and the data set X maximum value position Index _ X;
merging the maximum value position Index _ C of the data set C and the maximum value position Index _ X of the data set X to form a splicing point, wherein the value of the splicing point is (Max _ C + Max _ X)/2;
and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value X _ cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain a high-definition spectrum X _ cache' (f).
Based on the spectrum sensing method, the present invention further provides a terminal device, as shown in fig. 11, which includes at least one processor (processor) 20; a display screen 21; and a memory (memory) 22, and may further include a communication Interface (Communications Interface) 23 and a bus 24. The processor 20, the display 21, the memory 22 and the communication interface 23 can communicate with each other through the bus 24. The display screen 21 is configured to display a user guidance interface preset in the initial setting mode. The communication interface 23 may transmit information. The processor 20 may call logic instructions in the memory 22 to perform the methods in the embodiments described above.
Furthermore, the logic instructions in the memory 22 may be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The memory 22, which is a computer-readable storage medium, may be configured to store a software program, a computer-executable program, such as program instructions or modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 20 executes the functional application and data processing, i.e. implements the method in the above-described embodiments, by executing the software program, instructions or modules stored in the memory 22.
The memory 22 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal device, and the like. Further, the memory 22 may include a high speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory. For example, a variety of media that can store program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, may also be transient storage media.
In addition, the specific processes loaded and executed by the storage medium and the instruction processors in the mobile terminal are described in detail in the method, and are not stated herein.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: a spectrum sensing method and a device thereof comprise that a preamble signal is transmitted on a target channel based on a first transmission gain; based on the normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing a lead code signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal; generating a frequency spectrum of a target channel according to the target signal; splicing frequency spectrums through channel impulse response to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums; and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum. According to the invention, through an ultra-wideband technology, spectrum information in a very high bandwidth (the bandwidth is 500MHz-1 GHz) is obtained from a channel impulse response CIR provided by an ultra-wideband sending module, so that the occupation state of a target channel is judged, and the technical problem that the traditional low-cost spectrum sensing method and equipment cannot sense a large-bandwidth spectrum is solved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for spectrum sensing, the method comprising:
transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain;
based on a normal mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the lead code signal and separating the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
generating a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums by channel impulse response splicing;
and confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition spectrum.
2. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal into the target signal by a fitting separation method comprises:
and if the time for receiving the lead code signal exceeds a preset time threshold, switching the first transmission gain to a second transmission gain.
3. The spectrum sensing method of claim 2, wherein the step of transmitting the preamble signal on the target channel based on the first transmission gain is followed by:
and based on a radar mode, receiving a mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal.
4. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 3, wherein the step of receiving a hybrid signal including the preamble signal and separating the hybrid signal into the target signal based on the radar mode comprises:
acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with the preamble signal in a first sampling length threshold based on the radar mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal to obtain the target signal;
meanwhile, judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, keeping the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if yes, switching to the second transmitting gain and judging whether the current measurement result is the same as the previous measurement result, and if yes, switching to the normal mode to receive the mixed signal; if not, the radar mode is kept and the mixed signal is received.
5. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving the mixed signal containing the preamble signal and separating the mixed signal into the target signal by a fitting separation method based on the normal mode comprises:
acquiring channel impulse response sampling points with the lead code signals in a second sampling length threshold value based on the normal mode;
accumulating the channel impulse response sampling points to obtain the mixed signal;
separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal, and judging whether the target channel is occupied or not according to the target signal;
if not, switching to the radar mode and receiving the mixed signal;
if yes, keeping the current normal mode to receive the mixed signal.
6. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 5, wherein the mixed signal includes a first mixed signal and a second mixed signal, the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal are respectively received by two receiving ends simultaneously, and the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal both include a channel impulse response and a target signal.
7. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 6, wherein the step of separating the mixed signal by the fitting separation method to obtain the target signal, and determining whether the target channel is occupied according to the target signal comprises:
acquiring self-channel impulse response, and performing curve fitting on the self-channel impulse response to obtain new self-channel impulse response;
respectively performing curve fitting on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal, and obtaining a new first mixed signal and a new second mixed signal according to the channel impulse response;
obtaining an automatic gain control scaling factor k through a constraint equation, and calculating a first target signal X1 (F) through the new self channel impulse response H (F) and the new first mixed signal F1 (F), wherein the first target signal X1 (F) = (1/a) × F1 (F) -H (F); calculating a second target signal X2 (F) by using the new self-channel impulse response H (F) and the new second mixed signal F2 (F), wherein the second target signal X2 (F) = (1/a) × F2 (F) -H (F);
averaging the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal to obtain a final target signal;
meanwhile, according to the target signal Mean, the maximum value Max and the total energy E, a threshold value K is obtained, and if the target signal is larger than the signal threshold value, the target channel is determined to be occupied; and if the target signal is less than or equal to the signal threshold, determining that the target channel is not occupied, wherein the signal threshold K =2 × mean (E/MAX).
8. The spectrum sensing method of claim 7, wherein the constraint equation is:
9. the method for spectrum sensing according to claim 1, wherein the splicing the spectrum of the target channel by channel impulse response to obtain a high definition spectrum specifically comprises:
sequentially accessing adjacent target signals into a cache pool, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the target signals in the cache pool to obtain a periodic function;
averaging the data x _ cache (t) of the cache pool to obtain a data average value Mean _ cache, averaging the periodic function x (t) to obtain a periodic function average value Mean _ x, and zooming the data x _ cache (t) to obtain a data zoom value x _ cache '(t), wherein the data zoom value x _ cache' (t) = (Mean _ x/Mean _ cache) = x _ cache (t);
setting the latter ten data of the data scaling value X _ cache '(t) as a data set C, and setting the former ten data of the data scaling value X _ cache' (t) as a data set X;
acquiring a data set C maximum value Max _ C, a data set X maximum value Max _ X, a data set C maximum value position Index _ C and a data set X maximum value position Index _ X, and deleting data between the data set C maximum value position Index _ C and the data set X maximum value position Index _ X;
merging the maximum value position Index _ C of the data set C and the maximum value position Index _ X of the data set X to form a spliced point, wherein the value of the spliced point is (Max _ C + Max _ X)/2;
and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the data scaling value X _ cache '(t) of the cache pool to obtain the high-definition spectrum X _ cache' (f).
10. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs being executable by one or more processors to perform the steps of a method for spectrum sensing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A spectrum sensing apparatus, comprising:
a transmission module for transmitting a preamble signal on a target channel based on a first transmission gain;
a receiving module, configured to receive a mixed signal including the preamble signal based on a normal mode and separate the mixed signal by a fitting separation method to obtain a target signal;
a generating module, configured to generate a frequency spectrum of the target channel according to the target signal;
the splicing module is used for splicing the frequency spectrums of the target channels to obtain high-definition frequency spectrums through channel impulse response splicing;
and the judging module is used for confirming the occupation state of the target channel based on the high-definition frequency spectrum.
12. A terminal device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory has stored thereon a computer readable program executable by the processor;
the communication bus realizes the connection communication between the processor and the memory;
the processor, when executing the computer readable program, implements the steps in the spectrum sensing method of any of claims 1-9.
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