CN115628654A

CN115628654A - Non-blasting stone excavation method

Info

Publication number: CN115628654A
Application number: CN202211320738.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李忠明; 李泽兴; 李远阳; 李泽邦; 李蕊
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-10-26
Filing date: 2022-10-26
Publication date: 2023-01-20

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-blasting stone excavation method which comprises the steps of excavating pits, drilling holes, crushing, loading and transporting and the like, and excavating rock bodies layer by layer until the whole stone excavation project is completed. The method has the characteristics that pits are dug in multiple points, the mining speed is high, the efficiency is high, half time is saved compared with the traditional mining, the method is not limited by working terrain and platforms, hundreds of thousands of stone cubes or millions of stone cubes can be mined in multiple points at one time, the construction process is environment-friendly, no pollution, no vibration and no noise exist, and the defects of the existing non-blasting stone cube mining method are completely overcome.

Description

Non-blasting stone excavation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a method for excavating stone, and particularly relates to a non-blasting method for excavating stone.

Background

A large amount of stone excavation works are required in the aspect of basic construction. Blasting is generally used for stone excavation, but blasting work is prohibited in many areas. Although the non-blasting method is adopted for quarrying at present, only hundreds of cubes are mined in one construction, so that the mining amount is small, the time consumption is long, and the efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an efficient non-blasting stone excavation method.

The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a non-blasting stone excavation method, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: excavating pits, arranging a plurality of machine pits in a construction range according to a matrix, vertically taking stones downwards in each machine pit by using excavating equipment to form pits of a first layer, and determining the excavation depth of each layer of pits according to the progress requirement;

and 2, step: drilling holes, namely using the pits as a working platform of construction equipment, and drilling a plurality of horizontally through holes between the bottoms of the pits on the same layer by using drilling equipment, wherein the holes comprise holes at two sides and the middle position;

and 3, step 3: cutting the unit rock mass, namely connecting a diamond rope saw with a diamond rope, sequentially penetrating through the drill holes on two sides between the adjacent pits, making the diamond rope saw horizontally surround the bottom horizontal cutting unit rock mass for bottom stripping, and separating the unit rock mass from the rock mass at the bottom; the diamond rope saws penetrate through the drill holes respectively and then encircle upwards, cutting is carried out in the vertical direction to form cutting joints, the unit rock mass is separated from the rock mass on the side face, and smaller blocks are cut; the number of the divided blocks of each unit rock body is determined according to the number of the drilled holes;

and 4, step 4: crushing and shipping, namely crushing and transporting and removing the divided lump materials by using crushing equipment, so that adjacent pits are connected into a whole to form a new pit, and the new pit is used as a new working platform to provide conditions for further large-scale rapid mining; then extending to the periphery according to the method, and connecting all the pits into a whole to finish the first layer excavation of the rock mass;

and 5: and (5) constructing according to the steps, and excavating a next layer of rock mass layer by layer until the whole stone excavation project is completed.

The distance between the machine pits is equal to or less than 100 meters, the length of each machine pit is more than or equal to 3 meters, the width of each machine pit is more than or equal to 3 meters, and the number of the machine pits is expanded to the periphery according to the engineering quantity.

The excavating equipment adopts a rotary excavator and a water mill drill.

The invention provides another non-blasting stone excavation method, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: dividing a stone excavation area, dividing a unit rock mass of a rock mass forming tunnel into five areas on an excavation face of the tunnel, wherein three areas at the lower part are divided into a first area and a second area at two sides and a third area positioned between the first area and the second area, two areas at the upper part are divided into a fourth area and a fifth area, and excavation is carried out according to the division from the first area to the second area or from the second area to the first area, from the fourth area to the fifth area or from the fifth area to the fourth area and the third area;

and 2, step: drilling holes, namely drilling a plurality of horizontally through parallel drilled holes on the unit rock body by using drilling equipment according to the divided three lower regions; drilling holes from a first area;

step 3, cutting the unit rock mass, connecting a diamond wire saw between the drill holes in one area by using diamond wires to cut around to form a through drill hole cutting seam, and dividing one area of the unit rock mass into a plurality of lump materials;

step 4, crushing and shipping, namely crushing and shipping the segmented lump materials by using crushing equipment to form a through hole I;

step 5, according to the same method, when the unit rock mass is cut, crushed and shipped in the first area, a second through hole is formed in the second area by drilling, cutting, crushing and shipping, and when the unit rock mass is cut in the second area, a hole is drilled in the third area;

step 6, controlling the diamond rope saw to transversely move along the arc-shaped top of the tunnel to cut four areas to five areas or five areas to four areas, then carrying out segmentation, crushing and shipping, and excavating the four areas and the five areas in sequence to form a through hole four and a through hole five;

and 7, according to the method, finally, segmenting, crushing and shipping the three regions to form the tunnel.

The length of the drill hole during tunneling is equal to or less than 120 meters.

The drilling equipment adopts a submerged tapping drill.

The crushing equipment adopts a digging machine, a breaking hammer, a splitting machine or a splitting rod.

Advantageous effects

The method has the characteristics that pits are excavated at multiple points, the mining speed is high, the efficiency is high, half of time is saved compared with the traditional mining, the method is not limited by working terrains and platforms, hundreds of thousands of over million cubes of stone squares can be mined at one time at multiple points, the construction process is environment-friendly, no pollution, no vibration and no noise exist, and the defects of the existing non-blasting stone square mining method are completely overcome.

The method can be widely applied to the fields of non-blasting static excavation earthwork of projects such as foundation excavation of building foundations, various tunnels (including down-through related railway, expressway and river course projects), river course excavation, slope excavation and support, geological disaster treatment, open-air mines, underground mines and the like.

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a machine pit floor plan.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the drilling between the dimples.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view between the pits 4 and 5.

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the cutting unit rock mass.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the pits 4 and 5 being connected together.

Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of tunnel excavation.

Fig. 7 to 13 are schematic views of tunnel excavation faces of one to seven, respectively.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the method for excavating stone includes the following steps:

the first step is as follows: excavating pits, as shown in fig. 1-3, a plurality of machine pits with the interval equal to or less than 100 meters are arranged in a matrix within the construction range, for example, the machine pits 1-9 (as shown in fig. 1) with the length of more than or equal to 3 meters and the width of more than or equal to 3 meters, the number of the machine pits can be expanded to the periphery according to the engineering quantity, excavating equipment (a rotary excavator and a water mill) is used for vertically and hierarchically excavating stones in each machine pit 1-9 downwards to form a first layer of pits 1-9 (as shown in fig. 2), and the excavation depth of each layer of pits is determined according to the development requirement;

the second step is that: drilling holes, namely drilling horizontally through holes between the bottoms of the pits on the same layer by using drilling equipment by using the pits as a working platform of construction equipment, for example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a plurality of horizontally parallel through holes, including holes at two sides and the middle position, can be drilled by using a submerged drill from the bottom of a middle pit 5 to the bottoms of adjacent pits 2, 4, 6 and 8;

the third step: cutting the unit rock mass, as shown in fig. 2-4, firstly connecting a diamond rope saw with a diamond rope, sequentially penetrating through adjacent pits such as the drilling holes a and the drilling holes c on two sides between the pit 4 and the pit 5 to horizontally surround the bottom horizontal cutting unit rock mass for bottom removal, and separating the unit rock mass from the rock mass at the bottom; then the diamond rope saw respectively penetrates through the drill hole a, the drill hole b and the drill hole c and then upwards surrounds the drill holes, a cutting seam is formed by cutting in the vertical direction, the unit rock body is separated from the rock body on the side surface, and smaller blocks 1 and blocks 2 are divided; the number of the divided blocks of each unit rock body and the number of the drill holes are determined according to the difficulty degree of broken rocks;

the fourth step: crushing and shipping, as shown in fig. 5, crushing and shipping the divided blocks 1 and 2 in the unit rock body by using crushing equipment such as a digging machine, a breaking hammer, a splitting machine or a splitting rod, and then shipping and removing the crushed blocks, so that adjacent pits such as the pit 4 and the pit 5 are connected into a whole to form a new pit and serve as a new working platform to provide conditions for further large-scale rapid mining; then extending around the pits 5 according to the method, and connecting all the pits into a whole to finish the first layer excavation of the rock mass;

the fifth step: and (5) constructing according to the steps, and excavating a next layer of rock mass layer by layer until the whole stone excavation project is completed.

Example 2

As a special example of the invention, the method can also be used for excavating tunnel stone, and is suitable for tunnel excavation engineering related to river channels with the span less than or equal to 120 meters for railway (high-speed railway) and highway (high speed).

Referring to fig. 6, taking a tunnel penetrating through a rock mass as an example, since both ends of the rock mass can be built as a working platform of construction equipment, a pit does not need to be excavated, and the specific method is as follows:

the first step is as follows: dividing a rock excavation area, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, dividing a unit rock mass of a rock mass forming tunnel (shown by a dotted line) into five areas on an excavation surface of the tunnel according to a tunnel undercut method, wherein three areas on the lower part are divided into a first area and a second area on two sides and a third area between the first area and the second area, two areas on the upper part are divided into a fourth area and a fifth area, and excavation is performed according to the division from the first area to the second area or from the second area to the first area, from the fourth area to the fifth area or from the fifth area to the fourth area and from the third area;

the second step: drilling holes, as shown in figure 8, a plurality of parallel drilled holes which are horizontally penetrated are drilled on the unit rock body by using drilling equipment according to the divided lower three areas, the length of the drilled holes is generally equal to or less than 120 meters, the final length is determined by the maximum drilling depth of the drilling equipment, the distance between the drilled holes is determined according to the actual width and height of the tunnel design, and the drilled holes are drilled from one area;

the third step: cutting the unit rock mass, as shown in fig. 9, connecting a diamond wire saw between the drill holes of one area by using diamond wires to cut around to form a cutting joint, and partially dividing one area of the unit rock mass into a plurality of blocks;

the fourth step: crushing and shipping, namely crushing and shipping the divided blocks by using crushing equipment such as a digger, a breaking hammer or a splitting machine or a splitting rod to form a through hole I, as shown in figure 10;

the fifth step: according to the same method, a second through hole is formed in the second zone by drilling, cutting, crushing and shipping while cutting the unit rock body, crushing and shipping in the first zone, and a third through hole is formed while cutting in the second zone, as shown in FIGS. 9-11;

and a sixth step: controlling the diamond rope saw to transversely move along the arc-shaped top of the tunnel to cut four areas to five areas or five areas to four areas, then carrying out segmentation, crushing and loading, and excavating the four areas and the five areas successively to form a through hole four and a through hole five, as shown in figures 11 and 12;

the seventh step: according to the method, finally, three zones are divided, crushed and shipped to form a tunnel, as shown in figures 12 and 13; and the work of primary lining, secondary lining, seepage prevention, fire prevention, drainage, power utilization and illumination pipelines and the like of the tunnel is completed according to the stone excavation progress in a matching manner.

Claims

1. A non-blasting stone excavation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and 2, step: drilling holes, namely drilling a plurality of horizontally through holes between the bottoms of the pits on the same layer by using drilling equipment by taking the pits as a working platform of construction equipment, wherein the horizontal through holes comprise the holes on two sides and the middle part;

and step 3: cutting the unit rock mass, namely connecting a diamond rope saw with a diamond rope, sequentially penetrating through the drill holes on two sides between the adjacent pits, making the diamond rope saw horizontally surround the bottom horizontal cutting unit rock mass for bottom stripping, and separating the unit rock mass from the rock mass at the bottom; the diamond rope saws penetrate through the drill holes respectively and then encircle upwards, cutting is carried out in the vertical direction to form cutting joints, the unit rock mass is separated from the rock mass on the side face, and smaller blocks are cut; the number of the divided blocks of each unit rock body is determined according to the number of the drilled holes;

2. The non-blasting stone excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the machine pits is equal to or less than 100 m, each machine pit has a length of 3 m or more and a width of 3 m or more, and the number of machine pits is expanded to the periphery according to the amount of work.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the excavation equipment is a rotary excavator or a water mill.

4. A non-blasting stone excavation method comprises the following steps:

step 1: dividing a stone excavation area, namely dividing a unit rock mass of a tunnel formed by rock masses into five areas on an excavation surface of the tunnel, wherein the lower three areas are divided into a first area and a second area on two sides and a third area positioned between the first area and the second area, the upper two areas are divided into a fourth area and a fifth area, and the excavation is performed according to the division sequence from the first area to the second area or from the second area to the first area, from the fourth area to the fifth area or from the fifth area to the fourth area and from the third area;

step 2: drilling holes, namely drilling a plurality of horizontally through parallel drilled holes on the unit rock body by using drilling equipment according to the divided three lower regions; drilling holes from a first area;

step 3, cutting the unit rock mass, connecting a diamond wire saw between the drill holes in one area by using diamond wires to cut in a surrounding mode to form a through drill hole cutting joint, and partially dividing one area of the unit rock mass into a plurality of lump materials;

step 6, controlling the diamond rope saw to transversely move along the arc-shaped top of the tunnel to cut four areas to five areas or five areas to four areas, then carrying out segmentation, crushing and loading, and excavating the four areas and the five areas successively to form a through hole four and a through hole five;

5. The method of non-blasting stone excavation according to claim 2, wherein the length of the drilled hole during tunneling is equal to or less than 120 m.

6. The method of non-explosive rock excavation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drilling equipment is undermined.

7. The non-blasting stone excavation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crushing apparatus employs a shovel, a breaking hammer, a splitter, or a splitting rod.