CN115627388B - Multi-carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115627388B
CN115627388B CN202211360237.1A CN202211360237A CN115627388B CN 115627388 B CN115627388 B CN 115627388B CN 202211360237 A CN202211360237 A CN 202211360237A CN 115627388 B CN115627388 B CN 115627388B
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powder
nickel
diamond
boron
silicon
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CN115627388A (en
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刘大双
吴玉程
龙伟民
罗来马
魏萍
孙华为
张雷
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 4 percent of graphite, 8 to 25 percent of diamond crushing powder, 60 to 76 percent of nickel powder, 1 to 5 percent of manganese powder, 5 to 10 percent of boron powder, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium carbonate powder and 0.2 to 2 percent of carbon powder. The multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material is prepared by cladding the mixed powder through a fusion welding method. According to the invention, graphite, diamond crushing powder and carbon powder are added into the powder mixture, so that on one hand, the wear resistance of the alloy is improved through carburetion, on the other hand, the antifriction property is increased through in-situ generation of a graphite phase by the diamond crushing powder, and the wear resistance and antifriction property are synergistically increased through addition of a multi-element carbon material, so that the formed coating has good cladding layer forming and antifriction and wear resistance.

Description

Multi-carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of material surface modification. The invention discloses a self-lubricating nickel-based composite material with application number of 202211315513.2 and the invention name of self-lubricating nickel-based composite material by laser or electric arc induced diamond graphitization and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of nuclear power, military industry, automobiles, ships and aerospace technology, the running service conditions of mechanical mechanisms of advanced equipment are increasingly harsh, and materials are required to have good wear resistance and antifriction performance under oil-free or oil-less lubrication states under many working conditions. Since mechanical components are typically subject to high temperatures and wear on their surfaces resulting in eventual failure, researchers have given great attention to surface modification techniques by obtaining a coating on the surface of a metallic material that has specific properties such as resistance to high temperatures, wear, corrosion, etc.
The conventional coating preparation method comprises flame spray welding, plasma overlaying and the like. The flame spray welding has the defects of poor quality consistency, large material consumption and the like, while the plasma overlaying welding can avoid the defects, but has the problems of low working efficiency, large air holes and crack sensitivity and the like.
The arc surfacing cost is lower; the laser cladding technology has stable and reliable quality and good controllability, and is rapidly developed in recent years, so that the laser cladding technology is not only used for material surface modification, but also used for repairing surface failure parts, and the substrate material has wide selectable range. The cladding alloy is iron-based, cobalt-based, nickel-based, etc. Wherein the nickel-based alloy has excellent characteristics of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and the like. But have failed to meet service requirements under severe sliding wear conditions.
CN110331397a discloses a high-temperature oxidation resistant coating nickel base alloy powder for laser cladding, which is prepared by adding rare earth element Y 2 O 3 、La 2 O 3 At least 2 of Ce and Hf are used for achieving the purpose of improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding nickel-based alloy. CN113249717a discloses a laser cladding method for nickel-based alloy laser cladding powder, and by regulating and controlling laser cladding process parameters, matching of laser power and scanning speed is realized to improve metallurgical quality and promote corrosion resistance. For how to improve the wear resistance, it is common practice to add hard phase particles to increase the hardness and increase the wear resistance, and the research on the antifriction performance is still in depth. Graphite has excellent self-lubricating property and is a common additive for self-lubricating materials, but is directly doped, so that poor wettability between graphite and a matrix material is unavoidableDefects such as voids and maldistribution, especially under pyrometallurgical conditions, can be converted to C content in the alloy and cannot remain in the matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a self-lubricating nickel-based composite material, and provides a self-lubricating nickel-based composite material for laser or electric arc induced diamond graphitization and a preparation method thereof; the invention also solves the technical problem of providing a multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material and a preparation method thereof; the invention also solves the technical problem of providing a modified nickel-based alloy material compounded by diamond crushed materials and graphene and a preparation method thereof; the invention finally solves the technical problem of providing a low-cost fine-grain self-lubricating nickel-based alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a self-lubricating nickel-based composite material, which comprises 3-40% of diamond crushing powder and the balance of nickel-based material, wherein the nickel-based material comprises nickel element and boron element.
Preferably, the nickel element accounts for 39-83% of the self-lubricating nickel-based composite material, and the boron element accounts for 1-30% of the self-lubricating nickel-based composite material
Preferably, the invention provides a self-lubricating nickel-based composite material for inducing diamond graphitization by laser or electric arc, which comprises diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, chromium powder, silicon powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder, wherein the self-lubricating nickel-based alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 25 percent of diamond crushing powder, 61 to 83 percent of nickel powder, 5 to 10 percent of chromium powder, 3 to 6.5 percent of silicon powder, 1 to 5 percent of boron powder and 0.1 to 1 percent of sodium fluosilicate powder.
Preferably, the grain size of the diamond crushing powder is 60-90 meshes, and the grain sizes of the nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are all 200-300 meshes.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-lubricating nickel-based composite material by laser or electric arc induced diamond graphitization, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing diamond crushing powder and nickel-based material to obtain mixed powder, and presetting the mixed powder on a steel matrix through a binder;
(2) Preheating a preset layer;
(3) Cladding the preheated preset layer by adopting an optical fiber laser or a digital welding machine to obtain the self-lubricating nickel-based composite material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the steel substrate is 45 steel, 65Mn steel, Q235 steel or Q345 steel, and the thickness of the mixed powder pre-placed on the steel substrate is 300-600 μm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the binder is rosin alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preheating temperature of the preset layer is 120-200 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, and the defocus amount is 0 when the fiber laser is adopted for cladding.
Preferably, in the step (3), when a digital welding machine is adopted for cladding, a carbon rod with the diameter of phi 4 multiplied by 300mm or the diameter of phi 8 multiplied by 300mm is adopted for arc striking, the surfacing current is 250-280A, and the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s.
Preferably, in the step (3), the shielding gas for cladding is argon or helium.
Preferably, in the step (3), the flow rate of the shielding gas for cladding is 8-9min/L.
The main functions of the components in the powder are as follows: the diamond crushing powder reacts in situ under the action of laser or electric arc to form graphite self-lubricating phase, when the content of the added diamond crushing powder is lower than 5%, the quantity of the graphite phase is insufficient, the self-lubricating performance is poor, and when the content of the diamond crushing powder is higher than 25%, the forming of the cladding alloy is deteriorated. The nickel powder mainly has the function of providing a nickel matrix and excellent toughness and high temperature resistance. The chromium powder is favorable for transition of chromium elements, provides high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and adjusts the microstructure of the alloy. The combined addition of the silicon powder and the boron powder is beneficial to adjusting the melting point, the components, the structure and the surface tension state of the cladding alloy and is beneficial to graphitization isomerism phase transformation of the diamond crushing powder. The sodium fluosilicate powder creates a trace slag environment for laser cladding, reduces the surface tension of a molten pool, promotes the slag-metal metallurgical effect, and purifies the molten pool and cladding metal.
According to the invention, the diamond crushing powder is added into the powder mixture, and the characteristic that the crystal form of the diamond crushing powder is incomplete so as to easily generate graphitization is utilized, and the isolithic phase transformation is induced to generate a graphite phase under the action of laser or electric arc, so that the self-lubricating alloy material taking graphite as a lubricating phase is obtained under the high-temperature metallurgical state. Meanwhile, nickel powder is added to provide excellent performances of wear resistance, high temperature resistance and the like of the nickel base alloy, and chromium powder is added to further increase strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The silicon powder and the boron powder are important constituent components of the nickel-based alloy, optimize the melting point, the components, the structure and the surface tension state of the cladding alloy, and are beneficial to the graphitization isomerism phase transformation process of the diamond crushing powder.
The invention also comprises a multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material, wherein the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material comprises diamond, graphite and nickel-based material.
Preferably, the nickel-based material includes nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder.
Preferably, the multi-carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 4 percent of graphite, 8 to 25 percent of diamond crushing powder, 60 to 76 percent of nickel powder, 1 to 5 percent of manganese powder, 5 to 10 percent of boron powder, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium carbonate powder and 0.2 to 2 percent of carbon powder.
Preferably, the particle size of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes, the particle size of the graphite is 300-400 meshes, and the particle sizes of the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are all 200-300 meshes.
The preparation method of the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing graphite, diamond crushing powder and nickel-based material to obtain mixed powder, and presetting the mixed powder on a steel matrix through a binder;
(2) Preheating a preset layer;
(3) Cladding the preheated preset layer by adopting an optical fiber laser or a digital welding machine to obtain the nickel-based material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the steel substrate is 65Mn steel, 45 steel, Q235 steel or Q345 steel, and the thickness of the mixed powder preset steel substrate is 300-600 μm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the binder is rosin alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preheating temperature of the preset layer is 150-250 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, and the defocus amount is 0 when the fiber laser is adopted for cladding.
Preferably, in the step (3), when a digital welding machine is adopted for cladding, a carbon rod with the diameter of phi 4 multiplied by 300mm or the diameter of phi 8 multiplied by 300mm is adopted for arc striking, the surfacing current is 250-280A, and the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s.
Preferably, in the step (3), the shielding gas for cladding is argon or helium.
Preferably, in the step (3), the flow rate of the shielding gas for cladding is 8-9min/L.
The main functions of the components in the powder mixture are as follows: the graphite provides carbon elements to be transited into a molten pool in the laser cladding process, so that the carbon content of the nickel-based alloy is increased, and the strength and the wear resistance of the nickel-based alloy are improved. The diamond crushing powder is subjected to isomerism transformation to form a graphite self-lubricating phase, when the content of the added diamond crushing powder is lower than 8%, the quantity of the generated graphite phase is insufficient, and when the content of the diamond crushing powder is higher than 25%, the forming of the cladding alloy is adversely affected. The nickel-based matrix will have excellent wettability and toughness. Manganese increases strength and wear resistance. The addition of the boron powder reduces the melting point of the cladding alloy and improves the surface forming of the cladding layer. Sodium carbonate plays a role in reducing the surface tension of a molten pool and assisting in forming. The carbon powder has the double functions of reducing the oxygen content of the cladding alloy and carburising, and enhances the wear resistance.
According to the invention, graphite, diamond crushing powder and carbon powder are added into the powder mixture, so that on one hand, the wear resistance of the alloy is improved through carburetion, and on the other hand, the antifriction property is improved through in-situ generation of a graphite phase by the diamond crushing powder, and the wear resistance and antifriction property are synergistically improved through addition of a multi-element carbon material.
The invention further comprises a recycled diamond crushed material and graphene composite doping modified nickel-based alloy material, wherein the recycled diamond crushed powder and graphene composite doping modified nickel-based alloy material comprises diamond crushed powder, graphene and nickel-based material.
Preferably, the nickel-based material includes nickel powder, ferroboron powder and chromium powder.
Preferably, the recycled diamond crushed material and graphene composite doped modified nickel-based alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6 to 15 percent of diamond crushing powder, 0.1 to 1.2 percent of graphene, 50 to 69 percent of nickel powder, 15 to 30 percent of ferroboron powder and 9 to 16 percent of chromium powder.
Preferably, the boron in the ferroboron powder accounts for 18-20% of the mass of the ferroboron powder, and the balance is iron.
Preferably, the particle size of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes, the particle size of the graphene is 300-400 meshes, and the particle sizes of the nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are all 200-250 meshes.
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy material modified by utilizing diamond crushed material and graphene composite doping comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing graphene, diamond crushing powder and nickel-based material to obtain mixed powder, and presetting the mixed powder on a steel matrix through a binder;
(2) Preheating a preset layer;
(3) Cladding the preheated preset layer by adopting an optical fiber laser to obtain the nickel-based alloy material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the steel substrate is 65# steel, 45 steel, Q235 steel or Q345 steel, and the thickness of the mixed powder on the preset steel substrate is 300-600 μm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the binder is rosin alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preheating temperature of the preset layer is 150-250 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, and the defocus amount is 0 when the fiber laser is adopted for cladding.
Preferably, in the step (3), the shielding gas for cladding is argon or helium.
Preferably, in the step (3), the flow rate of the shielding gas for cladding is 8-9min/L.
The main functions of the components in the powder mixture are as follows: the graphene is deoxidized into graphene oxide in the cladding process, so that the graphene oxide has a good self-lubricating function, and the diamond crushing powder is completely graphitized to form a graphite self-lubricating phase. The multiple composite action of the graphene and the diamond crushing material is added synchronously, so that graphite phases are dispersed and finely distributed, and the tissue is improved. When the content of the diamond crushing powder is less than 6%, the amount of the generated graphite phase is insufficient, and when the content of the diamond crushing powder is more than 15%, the forming of the clad alloy is adversely affected. Nickel is an element accounting for the main mass percent in the nickel-based alloy system, and provides good wettability, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Boron iron powder provides boron on one hand, has the functions of deoxidizing, reducing melting, boronizing and the like, and provides iron on the other hand, has the function of improving strength and hardness. Sodium carbonate plays a role in reducing the surface tension of a molten pool and assisting in forming. The carbon powder has the double functions of reducing the oxygen content of the cladding alloy and carburising, and enhances the wear resistance.
According to the invention, graphene and diamond crushing powder are added into the powder mixture at the same time, so that a fine dispersed self-lubricating graphite/graphene self-lubricating phase is generated in situ, and the antifriction performance of the nickel-based alloy is greatly improved. Meanwhile, nickel powder, ferroboron powder and chromium powder are added, and a Ni-Cr-Fe-B wear-resistant alloy system is formed while the forming performance of the nickel-based alloy is optimized.
The invention also includes a low cost fine grain self-lubricating nickel-based alloy material comprising diamond-crushed powder, bismuth oxide, and a nickel-based material.
Preferably, the nickel-based material includes nickel powder, silicomanganese alloy powder and ferroboron powder.
Preferably, the low-cost fine grain self-lubricating nickel-based alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 to 40 percent of diamond crushing powder, 0.2 to 2 percent of bismuth oxide, 39 to 65 percent of nickel powder, 8 to 20 percent of silicomanganese alloy powder and 5 to 25 percent of ferroboron powder.
Preferably, the mass fraction of manganese in the silicomanganese alloy powder is 63%, the mass fraction of silicon is 22%, and the balance is iron; the ferroboron powder comprises 5% of boron by mass, 20% of silicon by mass and the balance of iron.
Preferably, the particle size of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes, and the particle sizes of the bismuth oxide, the nickel powder, the silicomanganese alloy powder and the ferroboron powder are all 200-325 meshes.
The preparation method of the low-cost fine-grain self-lubricating nickel-based alloy material adopts a low-cost fine-grain self-lubricating nickel-based material and is prepared by a high-energy beam welding method.
Preferably, the high energy beam welding method includes a method of laser beam, electron beam or plasma beam.
Preferably, the preparation method of the low-cost fine-grain self-lubricating nickel-based alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide and nickel-based material to obtain mixed powder, and presetting the mixed powder on a steel matrix through a binder;
(2) Preheating a preset layer;
(3) And cladding the preheated preset layer by adopting a high-energy beam welding method to obtain the nickel-based material.
Preferably, in step (1), the steel substrate is 65Mn steel, 45 steel, Q235 steel or Q345 steel, and the mixed powder is pre-placed on the steel substrate to a thickness of 500-800 μm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the binder is rosin alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preheating temperature of the preset layer is 150-250 ℃.
Preferably, in step (3), the high energy beam welding method includes a method of laser beam, electron beam or plasma beam.
Preferably, in the step (3), the shielding gas for cladding is argon or helium.
Preferably, in the step (3), the flow rate of the shielding gas for cladding is 5-8min/L
Preferably, in the step (3), the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15 mm/s when the cladding is carried out.
The main functions of the components in the powder mixture are as follows: under the action of high-energy beam heat source, the diamond crushing powder is graphitized to form a graphite self-lubricating phase. The addition of Bi2O3 has the function of refining the nickel matrix, and improves the overall performance of the cladding layer. When the content of the diamond-crushed powder is less than 20%, the amount of graphite is limited, and when the content of the diamond-crushed powder is more than 40%, the formation of the clad alloy is deteriorated. When adding Bi 2 O 3 At a content of less than 0.2%, the nickel-base alloy structure is not significantly refined, while Bi 2 O 3 When the content is more than 2%, the cladding layer is difficult to form. Nickel provides good wettability, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. The silicon-manganese alloy is a compound of silicon, manganese and iron, strengthens the nickel-based alloy and enhances the wear resistance. The composite addition has the advantage that the homogenization degree is greatly improved, so that the alloying effect is enhanced. The boron-silicon-iron contains boron, silicon and iron, has the functions of reducing the melting point and adjusting the alloy structure, particularly has the boronizing effect in the form of boron-silicon-iron, can greatly promote the uniform distribution of boron in the alloy, and is beneficial to the formation of a cladding layer.
According to the invention, bismuth oxide and diamond crushing powder are added into the powder mixture simultaneously, so that on one hand, graphite phases are generated in situ by means of the diamond crushing powder, and on the other hand, the nickel-based alloy structure is refined by the bismuth oxide. Meanwhile, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron are added to form the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy with moderate melting point and better forming.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) The self-lubricating nickel-based composite coating formed by diamond graphitization induced by laser or electric arc has good forming property and excellent antifriction and wear resistance. According to the invention, through adding the diamond crushing powder with incomplete crystal forms, isomerism transformation is generated in the laser or electric arc cladding process, a graphite phase with self-lubrication is generated, and meanwhile, the components of nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder are added to cooperatively improve the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength and toughness and the like of the material, and improve the forming of cladding alloy.
(2) According to the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material, graphite, diamond crushing powder and carbon powder are added into a powder mixture, so that on one hand, the wear resistance of an alloy is improved through carburetion, on the other hand, the antifriction property is improved through in-situ generation of a graphite phase by the diamond crushing powder, and by adding the multi-element carbon material, the multi-element carbon material has good cladding layer forming and antifriction and wear resistance performances.
(3) According to the invention, the diamond crushed material and the graphene are compounded and doped to modify the nickel-based alloy, and graphene and diamond crushed powder are added into the powder mixture simultaneously, so that a fine dispersed self-lubricating graphite/graphene self-lubricating phase is generated in situ, and the antifriction performance of the nickel-based alloy is greatly improved. Meanwhile, nickel powder, ferroboron powder and chromium powder are added, and the Ni-Cr-Fe-B wear-resistant alloy system is formed while the forming performance of the nickel base alloy is optimized, so that the cladding layer is good in forming and antifriction performance.
(4) According to the invention, bismuth oxide and diamond crushing powder are added into the powder mixture simultaneously, so that on one hand, graphite phases are generated in situ by means of the diamond crushing powder, and on the other hand, the nickel-based alloy structure is refined by the bismuth oxide. Meanwhile, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon iron are added to form the nickel-based wear-resistant alloy with moderate melting point and good forming performance, the cost is low, the forming performance of the cladding layer is good, a sufficient amount of graphite phases are distributed in the cladding layer structure, the crystal grains are fine, and the antifriction and wear resistance are good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of diamond crushed powder of example 2;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of a cross section of the cladding alloy of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of a cross section of the cladding alloy of example 11;
FIG. 4 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of a cross section of the cladding alloy of example 18;
FIG. 5 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of the surface of the clad alloy of example 25;
FIG. 6 is a SEM image of the bonding of a cladding layer to a steel substrate of example 25;
FIG. 7 is a graph of wear macromorphology in example 25.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder and the boron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle sizes of the powder are ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 25% of diamond crushing powder, 60% of nickel powder and 15% of boron powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder and boron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
Friction and wear test: the adopted equipment is an HT-1000 pin-disc type wear testing machine, and the specific experimental steps are as follows: first, a block-shaped specimen having a size of 20mm×20mm×10mm was cut by wire cutting, and the specimen was subjected to preliminary grinding and polishing until the mirror surface was reached. Si with friction pair radius of 5mm 3 N 4 The ceramic ball is externally loaded with 15N, the rotation radius is 5mm, the rotation speed is 300r/min, and the test time is 40min. The area fraction of the graphite self-lubricating phase is imaged by image processing image, software statistical calculation. The friction coefficient data is automatically derived by a friction and wear test system. The calculation formula of the friction coefficient mu: μ=f/N. The coefficient of friction refers to the ratio of the frictional force F between the two surfaces to the perpendicular force N acting on one of the surfaces. Wear marks were observed and analyzed using an OLYMPUS OLS4000 confocal laser scanning microscope. The wear V is obtained by the following formula:
V＝2πrS
where r represents the wear scar radius and S represents the cross-section of the wear scar. These data were analyzed using the gwyddion2.39 tool.
The specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 18% of diamond crushing powder, 65% of nickel powder, 5% of chromium powder, 6% of silicon powder, 5% of boron powder and 1% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
Friction and wear test: the adopted equipment is an HT-1000 pin-disc type wear testing machine, and the specific experimental steps are as follows: first, a block-shaped specimen having a size of 20mm×20mm×10mm was cut by wire cutting, and the specimen was subjected to preliminary grinding and polishing until the mirror surface was reached. Si with friction pair radius of 5mm 3 N 4 The ceramic ball is provided with a plurality of holes,the applied load is 15N, the rotation radius is 5mm, the rotation speed is 300r/min, and the test time is 40min. The area fraction of the graphite self-lubricating phase is statistically calculated by image processing image software. The friction coefficient data is automatically derived by a friction and wear test system. The calculation formula of the friction coefficient mu: μ=f/N. The coefficient of friction refers to the ratio of the frictional force F between the two surfaces to the perpendicular force N acting on one of the surfaces. Wear marks were observed and analyzed using an OLYMPUS OLS4000 confocal laser scanning microscope. The wear V is obtained by the following formula:
V＝2πrS
Where r represents the wear scar radius and S represents the cross-section of the wear scar. These data were analyzed using the gwyddion2.39 tool.
The specific results are shown in Table 1.
The diamond crushed powder sieved in this example was subjected to scanning electron microscope analysis, and the result is shown in fig. 1. FIG. 1 is an SEM image of diamond crushed powder of example 2;
metallographic analysis test was performed on the alloy cross section obtained in this example, and the results are shown in fig. 2. FIG. 2 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of a cross section of the clad alloy of example 2.
Example 3 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 15% of diamond crushing powder, 67.5% of nickel powder, 8% of chromium powder, 5% of silicon powder, 4% of boron powder and 0.5% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4 preparation of self-lubricating nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 5% of diamond crushing powder, 83% of nickel powder, 6% of chromium powder, 4% of silicon powder, 1.2% of boron powder and 0.8% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder at 45 # On a steel matrix, presetting the thickness to be 500 mu m, wherein a binder is rosin alcohol to obtain a preset layer, and preheating the preset layer to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 5 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 25% of diamond crushing powder, 61% of nickel powder, 7% of chromium powder, 3% of silicon powder, 3% of boron powder and 1% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 6 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 20% of diamond crushing powder, 65.8% of nickel powder, 10% of chromium powder, 3% of silicon powder, 1% of boron powder and 0.2% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 7 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 10% of diamond crushing powder, 71% of nickel powder, 9% of chromium powder, 6.5% of silicon powder, 3% of boron powder and 0.5% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 8 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 15% of diamond crushing powder, 68% of nickel powder, 8% of chromium powder, 5% of silicon powder, 3% of boron powder and 1% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 9 preparation of self-lubricating nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 8% of diamond crushing powder, 80% of nickel powder, 5% of chromium powder, 4.5% of silicon powder, 2% of boron powder and 0.5% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 45 steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 500 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer. Preheating a preset layer to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 10 preparation of self-lubricating Nickel-based composite Material with laser or arc induced graphitization of Diamond
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 20% of diamond crushing powder, 62% of nickel powder, 10% of chromium powder, 3% of silicon powder, 4% of boron powder and 1% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and a 90-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 2% of diamond crushing powder, 83% of nickel powder, 6% of chromium powder, 5.5% of silicon powder, 3% of boron powder and 0.5% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 45 steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
Experimental procedure while example 1, (1) diamond crushed powder was sieved through 60 mesh sieve and 90 mesh sieve, respectively, so that the diamond crushed powder particle size was 100 mesh to 200 mesh. The nickel powder, the silicon powder, the chromium powder, the boron powder and the sodium fluosilicate powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 28% of diamond crushing powder, 61.4% of nickel powder, 5% of chromium powder, 4% of silicon powder, 1% of boron powder and 0.6% of sodium fluosilicate powder, putting the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, silicon powder, chromium powder, boron powder and sodium fluosilicate powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder at 45 # On a steel matrix, presetting the thickness to be 500 mu m, wherein a binder is rosin alcohol to obtain a preset layer, and preheating the preset layer to 150 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 1, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 laser or arc induced diamond graphitization self-lubricating nickel base composite cladding alloy properties
Example 11 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 4% of graphite, 20% of diamond crushing powder, 61% of nickel powder, 3% of manganese powder, 10% of boron powder, 1% of sodium carbonate powder and 1% of carbon powder, and placing the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
Friction and wear test: the adopted equipment is an HT-1000 pin-disc type wear testing machine, and the specific experimental steps are as follows: first, a block-shaped specimen having a size of 20mm×20mm×10mm was cut by wire cutting, and the specimen was subjected to preliminary grinding and polishing until the mirror surface was reached. Si with friction pair radius of 5mm 3 N 4 The ceramic ball is externally loaded with 15N, the rotation radius is 5mm, the rotation speed is 300r/min, and the test time is 40min. The area fraction of the graphite self-lubricating phase is statistically calculated by image processing image software. The friction coefficient data is automatically derived by a friction and wear test system. The calculation formula of the friction coefficient mu: μ=f/N. The coefficient of friction refers to the ratio of the frictional force F between the two surfaces to the perpendicular force N acting on one of the surfaces. Wear marks were observed and analyzed using an OLYMPUS OLS4000 confocal laser scanning microscope. The wear V is obtained by the following formula:
V＝2πrS
where r represents the wear scar radius and S represents the cross-section of the wear scar. These data were analyzed using the gwyddion2.39 tool.
The specific results are shown in Table 2.
Metallographic analysis test was performed on the alloy cross section obtained in this example, and the results are shown in fig. 3. FIG. 3 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of a cross section of the cladding alloy of example 11;
example 12 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 1% of graphite, 10% of diamond crushing powder, 76% of nickel powder, 5% of manganese powder, 6% of boron powder, 0.5% of sodium carbonate powder and 1.5% of carbon powder, and placing the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90 minutes to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 13 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 3% of graphite, 25% of diamond crushing powder, 62% of nickel powder, 1% of manganese powder, 6% of boron powder, 1% of sodium carbonate powder and 2% of carbon powder, and placing the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 14 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 0.5% of graphite, 8% of diamond crushing powder, 75.8% of nickel powder, 4% of manganese powder, 10% of boron powder, 1.5% of sodium carbonate powder and 0.2% of carbon powder, putting the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 15 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 2% of graphite, 15% of diamond crushing powder, 74% of nickel powder, 3% of manganese powder, 5% of boron powder, 0.5% of sodium carbonate powder and 0.5% of carbon powder, and placing the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90 minutes to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 16 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 1% of graphite, 25% of diamond crushing powder, 62% of nickel powder, 2% of manganese powder, 8% of boron powder, 1% of sodium carbonate powder and 1% of carbon powder, and placing the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 17 preparation of Multi-carbon Material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction Nickel-based Material
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. According to the following mass percentages, 4% of graphite, 24.5% of diamond crushing powder, 60% of nickel powder, 1% of manganese powder, 7% of boron powder, 1.5% of sodium carbonate powder and 2% of carbon powder are taken, and the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder are put into a powder mixer and mixed for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 3% of graphite, 6% of diamond crushing powder, 75% of nickel powder, 4% of manganese powder, 9% of boron powder, 1.5% of sodium carbonate powder and 1.5% of carbon powder, and placing the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90 minutes to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 9min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4
Experimental procedure the same as in example 11:
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 80-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium fluosilicate powder and the carbon powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 300-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-300 meshes. According to the following mass percentages, 2% of graphite, 28% of diamond crushing powder, 61% of nickel powder, 2% of manganese powder, 5% of boron powder, 1% of sodium carbonate powder and 1% of carbon powder are taken, and the graphite, the sieved diamond crushing powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder are put into a powder mixer and mixed for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 600 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a pre-arranged layer is obtained, and the pre-arranged layer is pre-heated to 200 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is clad by adopting an arc surfacing process, welding is carried out by adopting a TransPuls Synergic 4000 front digital welding machine, an arc is started by adopting a phi 8 multiplied by 300mm carbon rod, the surfacing current is 250-280A, the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 11, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 cladding alloy Material Properties
Example 18 preparation of a modified Nickel-based alloy Material with composite doping Using Diamond crushed Material and graphene
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 10% of diamond crushing powder, 1% of graphene, 62% of nickel powder, 15% of ferroboron powder and 12% of chromium powder, wherein the content of boron in the ferroboron powder (mass fraction) is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
Friction and wear test: the adopted equipment is an HT-1000 pin-disc type wear testing machine, and the specific experimental steps are as follows: first, a block-shaped specimen having a size of 20mm×20mm×10mm was cut by wire cutting, and the specimen was subjected to preliminary grinding and polishing until the mirror surface was reached. The friction pair selects Si3N4 ceramic balls with the radius of 5mm, the external load is 15N, the rotation radius is 5mm, the rotating speed is 300r/min, and the test time is 40min. The area fraction of the graphite self-lubricating phase is statistically calculated by image processing image software. The friction coefficient data is automatically derived by a friction and wear test system. The calculation formula of the friction coefficient mu: μ=f/N. The coefficient of friction refers to the ratio of the frictional force F between the two surfaces to the perpendicular force N acting on one of the surfaces. Wear marks were observed and analyzed using an OLYMPUS OLS4000 confocal laser scanning microscope. The wear V is obtained by the following formula:
V＝2πrS
Where r represents the wear scar radius and S represents the cross-section of the wear scar. These data were analyzed using the gwyddion2.39 tool.
The specific results are shown in Table 3.
Metallographic analysis test was performed on the alloy cross section obtained in this example, and the results are shown in fig. 4. FIG. 4 is a microscopic golden phase diagram of a cross section of a cladding alloy of example 18;
example 19 preparation of composite doped modified Nickel-based alloy Material with Diamond crushed Material and graphene
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 6% of diamond crushing powder, 0.1% of graphene, 53.9% of nickel powder, 25% of ferroboron powder and 15% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
Example 20
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 15% of diamond crushing powder, 1.2% of graphene, 53.8% of nickel powder, 20% of ferroboron powder and 10% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
Example 21 preparation of a modified Nickel-based alloy Material with composite doping Using Diamond crushed Material and graphene
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 6% of diamond crushing powder, 0.5% of graphene, 69% of nickel powder, 15% of ferroboron powder and 9.5% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
EXAMPLE 22 preparation of composite doped modified Nickel-based alloy Material with Diamond crushed Material and graphene
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 9% of diamond crushing powder, 0.6% of graphene, 51.4% of nickel powder, 30% of ferroboron powder and 9% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
Example 23 preparation of a modified Nickel-based alloy Material with composite doping Using Diamond crushed Material and graphene
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 7% of diamond crushing powder, 1% of graphene, 60% of nickel powder, 16% of ferroboron powder and 16% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
EXAMPLE 24 preparation of a modified Nickel-based alloy Material with composite doping of Diamond crushed Material and graphene
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 14.5% of diamond crushing powder, 0.5% of graphene, 50% of nickel powder, 20% of ferroboron powder and 15% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 5
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 5% of diamond crushing powder, 0.5% of graphene, 58% of nickel powder, 20.5% of ferroboron powder and 16% of chromium powder, wherein the boron content (mass fraction) in the ferroboron powder is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 6
(1) The diamond crushing powder is respectively sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, so that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 100-200 meshes. The nickel powder, the ferroboron powder and the chromium powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 250-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-250 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 20% of diamond crushing powder, 1% of graphene, 50% of nickel powder, 19% of ferroboron powder and 10% of chromium powder, wherein the content of boron in the ferroboron powder (mass fraction) is 18-20%, and the balance is iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder nickel powder, graphene, nickel powder, chromium powder and ferroboron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Pre-placing the mixed powder on a 65Mn steel matrix, wherein the preset thickness is 500 mu m, the binder is rosin alcohol, a preset layer is obtained, and the preset layer is preheated to 180 ℃;
(3) The preheated preset layer is subjected to laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber laser, and the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-5 mm/s, the defocusing amount is 0, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 8min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 18, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 cladding alloy Material Properties
Example 25 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 25% of diamond crushing powder, 2% of bismuth oxide, 48% of nickel powder, 15% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 20% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting laser, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
Friction and wear test: the adopted equipment is an HT-1000 pin-disc type wear testing machine, and the specific experimental steps are as follows: first, a block-shaped specimen having a size of 20mm×20mm×10mm was cut by wire cutting, and the specimen was subjected to preliminary grinding and polishing until the mirror surface was reached. The friction pair selects Si3N4 ceramic balls with the radius of 5mm, the external load is 15N, the rotation radius is 5mm, the rotating speed is 300r/min, and the test time is 40min. The area fraction of the graphite self-lubricating phase is statistically calculated by image processing image software. The friction coefficient data is automatically derived by a friction and wear test system. The calculation formula of the friction coefficient mu: μ=f/N. The coefficient of friction refers to the ratio of the frictional force F between the two surfaces to the perpendicular force N acting on one of the surfaces. Wear marks were observed and analyzed using an OLYMPUS OLS4000 confocal laser scanning microscope. The wear V is obtained by the following formula:
V＝2πrS
where r represents the wear scar radius and S represents the cross-section of the wear scar. These data were analyzed using the gwyddion2.39 tool.
The specific results are shown in Table 4.
Metallographic analysis test was performed on the alloy cross section obtained in this example, and the results are shown in fig. 5. FIG. 5 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of a cross section of the cladding alloy of example 25;
the alloy cross section obtained in this example was subjected to scanning electron microscope analysis, and the result is shown in fig. 6. FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a bonding cross section of the cladding layer and the base material of example 25;
The macroscopic morphology of the frictional wear test is shown in fig. 7, and fig. 7 is a graph of the macroscopic morphology of the frictional wear test of example 25.
Example 26 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 20% of diamond crushing powder, 2% of bismuth oxide, 65% of nickel powder, 8% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 5% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting an electron beam, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the scanning speed is 3-15 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 27 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 40% of diamond crushing powder, 0.2% of bismuth oxide, 40% of nickel powder, 9.8% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 10% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting laser, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, the scanning speed is 3-15 mm/s, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 28 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 25% of diamond crushing powder, 1% of bismuth oxide, 39% of nickel powder, 10% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 25% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron powder. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting laser, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 29 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 20% of diamond crushing powder, 1.5% of bismuth oxide, 52% of nickel powder, 20% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 6.5% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting a plasma beam, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 30 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 30% of diamond crushing powder, 0.5% of bismuth oxide, 54.5% of nickel powder, 10% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 5% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting an electron beam, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 31 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 35% of diamond crushing powder, 1% of bismuth oxide, 44% of nickel powder, 12% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 8% of ferroboron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting laser, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 32 preparation of Low cost Fine grain self-lubricating Nickel-based alloy Material
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 25% of diamond crushing powder, 0.5% of bismuth oxide, 49.5% of nickel powder, 15% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 10% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting laser, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 7
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 18% of diamond crushing powder, 2% of bismuth oxide, 45% of nickel powder, 15% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 20% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting an electron beam, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 8
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 43% of diamond crushing powder, 0.4% of bismuth oxide, 41% of nickel powder, 10.6% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 5% of boron-silicon iron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting a laser, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 9
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 25% of diamond crushing powder, 0.1% of bismuth oxide, 54.9% of nickel powder, 12% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 8% of boron-silicon-iron, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting a plasma beam, wherein the selected technological parameter ranges are as follows: the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter of the light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 10
(1) And (3) respectively sieving the diamond crushing powder through a 140-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the granularity of the diamond crushing powder is 140-200 meshes. Bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder are respectively sieved by a 200-mesh sieve and a 325-mesh sieve, so that the particle size of each powder is ensured to be 200-325 meshes. The mass percentages are as follows: 35% of diamond crushing powder, 3% of bismuth oxide, 46% of nickel powder, 10% of silicon-manganese alloy powder and 6% of ferroboron powder, wherein the silicon-manganese alloy powder contains 63% of manganese (mass fraction), 22% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. The boron-silicon-iron powder contains 5% of boron (mass fraction), 20% of silicon (mass fraction) and the balance of iron. Placing the sieved diamond crushing powder, bismuth oxide, nickel powder, silicon-manganese alloy powder and boron-silicon-iron powder into a powder mixer, and mixing for 90min to obtain mixed powder;
(2) The mixed powder is pre-arranged on a 65Mn steel matrix, the pre-arranged thickness is 700 mu m, and the binder is rosin alcohol, so as to obtain a pre-arranged layer.
(3) Preheating the preset layer to 180 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the preheated preset layer by adopting a laser, wherein the selected process parameter range is that the power is 1.5-5 KW, the diameter range of a light spot is 1-5mm, and the scanning speed range is 3-15mm/s. The shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 6min/L.
The frictional wear test was the same as in example 25, and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 cladding alloy Material Properties
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Claims (6)

1. The multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material is characterized by comprising diamond, graphite and nickel-based material, wherein the nickel-based material comprises nickel powder, manganese powder, boron powder, sodium carbonate powder and carbon powder; the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 4 percent of graphite, 8 to 25 percent of diamond crushing powder, 60 to 76 percent of nickel powder, 1 to 5 percent of manganese powder, 5 to 10 percent of boron powder, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium carbonate powder and 0.2 to 2 percent of carbon powder; the particle size of the diamond crushing powder is 80-200 meshes, the particle size of the graphite is 300-400 meshes, and the particle sizes of the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the boron powder, the sodium carbonate powder and the carbon powder are all 200-300 meshes; the preparation method of the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing graphite, diamond crushing powder and nickel-based material to obtain mixed powder, and presetting the mixed powder on a steel matrix through a binder; the binder is rosin alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol solution;
(2) Preheating a preset layer; the preheating temperature of the preset layer is 150-250 ℃;
(3) Cladding the preheated preset layer by adopting an optical fiber laser or a digital welding machine to obtain the nickel-based material.
2. A method for preparing the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing graphite, diamond crushing powder and nickel-based material to obtain mixed powder, and presetting the mixed powder on a steel matrix through a binder; the binder is rosin alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol solution;
(2) Preheating a preset layer; the preheating temperature of the preset layer is 150-250 ℃;
(3) Cladding the preheated preset layer by adopting an optical fiber laser or a digital welding machine to obtain the nickel-based material.
3. The method for preparing the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material of claim 2, characterized in that in the step (1), the steel matrix is 65Mn steel, 45 steel, Q235 steel or Q345 steel, and the thickness of the mixed powder on the preset steel matrix is 300-600 μm.
4. The method for preparing the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step (3), a laser spot is rectangular, the size is 5 mm ×5 mm, the laser power is 1.8-2.5 KW, the scanning speed is 1-4 mm/s, and the defocus amount is 0 when cladding is carried out by adopting a fiber laser.
5. The preparation method of the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material is characterized in that in the step (3), when a digital welding machine is adopted for cladding, a carbon rod with phi 4 multiplied by 300mm or phi 8 multiplied by 300mm is adopted for arc striking, the surfacing current is 250-280A, and the surfacing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s.
6. The method for preparing the multi-element carbon material synergistic wear-resistant antifriction nickel-based material of claim 2, characterized in that in the step (3), the protective gas for cladding is argon or helium, and the flow rate of the protective gas for cladding is 8-9min/L.
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