CN115624036B - 乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用和生物防治药剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用和生物防治药剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明涉及香青属植物源农药技术领域，一种乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用。本申请还提供一种生物防治药剂及其制备方法。上述乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用和生物防治药剂及其制备方法中，利用乳白香青精油杀灭同翅目昆虫类农业害虫，对人、畜低毒、对环境无污染、对害虫杀虫率高且较难产生抗药性的优点。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及香青属植物源农药技术领域，特别涉及一种乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用和生物防治药剂及其制备方法。
背景技术：
乳白香青为菊科植物乳白香青Anaphalis lactea Maxim.的全草。生于海拔2000-3400m的亚高山山坡、草地及灌木丛中。分布于甘肃、青海、四川等地。具有清热止咳，散瘀止血之功效。常用于感冒头痛，肺热咳嗽，外伤出血。
乳白香青化学成分的研究已有报道，文献报道主成分为黄酮，甾体，萜类，例如，任召言等从从乳白香青(A.lactea)全草乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了30个化合物，其中有4个是未见文献报道的新化合物(硕士研究生论文，2009；Planta Medica，2008，74(8)：859-863)，Wang Ai-Xia报道了从乳白香青中分离得到的一个新furobenzopyranone类化合物(Die Pharmazie 2004,59(10),807-11；Chinese Chemical Letters，2004，15(10),1185-1186)。
同时现有技术中还记载了从乳白香青中提取的乳白香青精油具有抑菌、杀菌以及抗氧化活性功能，例如，专利号申请号为201210066441.2、发明创造名称为：乳白香青挥发油的制备方法及其应用的中国发明专利申请记载的技术内容。但是，关于乳白香青在植物源农药方面，特别是乳白香青的杀虫活性方面未见报道
发明内容：
有鉴于此，本发明公开一种乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用。
还有必要提供一种生物防治药剂的制备方法。
一种乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用。
一种生物防治药剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
植株阴干：取乳白香青植株的地上部分自然阴干；
阴干植株粉碎：将阴干的乳白香青植株粉碎以获得乳白香青粉碎料；
水蒸气蒸馏法提取：将乳白香青粉碎料置于挥发油提取器中，采用水蒸气蒸馏法进行提取，提取时间为6h，温度为100℃；
萃取及除水获得乳白香青精油：采用正己烷萃取，获得正己烷层，加入无水硫酸钠除去水分，浓缩后得用于杀灭同翅目昆虫的乳白香青精油，乳白香青精油即为生物防治药剂。
一种生物防治药剂，包括活性成分及药剂学上可接受的辅料；其中，活性成分为乳白香青精油，且利用活性成分来杀灭同翅目昆虫。
上述乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用和生物防治药剂及其制备方法中，利用乳白香青精油杀灭同翅目昆虫类农业害虫，对人、畜低毒、对环境无污染、对害虫杀虫率高且较难产生抗药性的优点。
附图说明：
具体实施方式：
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明具体实施例、实验情况及实验数据对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种生物防治药剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
植株阴干：取乳白香青植株的地上部分洗净，自然阴干；
阴干植株粉碎：将阴干的乳白香青取植株粉碎；
水蒸气蒸馏法提取：称量后置于挥发油提取器中，采用水蒸气蒸馏法进行提取，提取时间为6h，温度为100℃；
萃取及除水获得乳白香青精油：采用正己烷萃取，获得正己烷层，加入无水硫酸钠除去水分，浓缩后得用于杀灭同翅目昆虫的乳白香青精油，乳白香青精油即为生物防治药剂，装入干燥玻璃瓶中，放置于4℃冰箱内保存，防止精油挥发。
进一步的，本申请还提供一种生物防治药剂，包括活性成分及药剂学上可接受的辅料；其中，活性成分为乳白香青精油，且利用活性成分来杀灭同翅目昆虫。
其中，所述辅料选自：溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、芳香剂、抗黏合剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂、释放阻滞剂中的任意一种或者至少两种组合。本领域技术人员可根据实际生产应用需要，对辅料的种类和用量进行常规选择和调整。
进一步的，本申请还提供一种乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用。例如，乳白香青精油杀灭木虱、棉蚜等同翅目昆虫。
其中，所述乳白香青精油的杀虫活性成分包括:桉叶素、芳樟醇、松油醇、(-)-α-蒎烯、毕澄茄烯、β-石竹烯、镰叶芹醇、雪松醇、冰草烯、桉油烯醇。
以下通过对乳白香青精油的成分分析及杀虫实验来进一步说明本发明：
乳白香青精油的成分分析：
乳白香青精油样品采用GC-MS分析其成分组成，测试条件为:GCMS-QP2010plus(Shimadzu)；色谱柱:DB-5MS(60m X 0.25um X 0.32mm)(Agilent)；升温速率:60℃～10℃/min-300℃-20min；分流比:30:1；恒线速度模式:30cm/sec；载气:He；离子源温度:200℃；接口温度:300℃；进样口温度:320℃；质量扫描范围:m/z29-650进样量:1μL；样品前处理:样品经一次性注射器含0.22μm的有机滤膜的滤头过滤；谱库检索:Nist2017标准谱库。乳白香青精油样品GC-MS分析结果如表1所示。
表1 乳白香青精油样品GC-MS分析结果
上表1中鉴定出来的全部成分的总百分比未到100％，是因为乳白香青精油中仍存在未知成分，它们可能是新的化合物，无法利用现有的GC-MS检测方法鉴定出来。
乳白香青精油杀虫实验及结论：
(1)乳白香青精油对棉蚜触杀活性测定
采用叶碟法测定，将聚四氟乙烯涂到12孔板的四壁，晾干后，把琼脂铺到板底，取新鲜未施用农药的棉花叶片，将叶片打孔，制成直径为3cm的圆形叶碟，叶片浸药10s后晾干，放入叶片，接入10头棉蚜，置于光/暗＝16h/8h，25℃，湿度为60％～70％的培养箱中。以未加精油溶剂和除虫菊酯分别为阴性、阳性对照。每个处理6次重复，每重复10头棉蚜，处理24h后分别检查各处理的棉蚜死亡及存活情况，计算死亡率，采用DPS计算半致死浓度LC50。
(2)乳白香青精油对木虱触杀活性测定
采用微量点滴法测定触杀活性。试虫用冷冻10min麻醉，每个离心管里放10头木虱，采用点滴法，点滴于虫体前胸背板，每头点滴0.25微升。将处理后的木虱放在垫枸杞鲜嫩枝芽的离心管中，用纱网封口。处理后将离心管放入智能人工光照气候箱中，设温度(25土0.5℃)，相对湿度60％，光照L:D为16h:8h的光照气候箱。设以未加精油溶剂和印棟油分别为阴性、阳性对照。每个处理6次重复，每重复10头木虱，处理后24h后分别检查各处理的木虱死亡及存活情况，计算死亡率，采用DPS计算半致死浓度LC50。
(3)乳白香青精油对棉蚜和木虱触杀活性测定结果
表2 乳白香青精油对棉蚜和木虱触杀活性测定结果
从表2数据可以看出，乳白香青精油对棉蚜和木虱有着较好的触杀效果，其中，木虱未加精油的阴性对照组死亡率为7.5％，蚜虫未加精油的阴性对照组死亡率仅为3.3％。可证实乳白香青精油在杀虫方面的用途与已量产的除虫菊酯和印楝相近，有着良好的应用前景。LC50是使受试动物半数死亡的毒物浓度，其值越低表明杀虫活性越高，本发明通过对比实验证明:相较本领域常见公认的环保杀虫剂:印楝素的杀虫效果，本发明的乳白香青精油的杀虫效果更胜一筹,在半致死浓度上降低66.7％，说明杀虫活性显著提高。
如上所述，即可较好地实现本发明，上述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种改变和改进，均应落入本发明确定的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用，其中，同翅目昆虫为木虱、棉蚜中的一种，且乳白香青精油通过如下方法获得：植株阴干：取乳白香青取植株的地上部分自然阴干；
阴干植株粉碎：将阴干的乳白香青植株粉碎以获得乳白香青粉碎料；
水蒸气蒸馏法提取：将乳白香青粉碎料置于挥发油提取器中，采用水蒸气蒸馏法进行提取，提取时间为6h，温度为100℃；
萃取及除水获得乳白香青精油：采用正己烷萃取，获得正己烷层，加入无水硫酸钠除去水分，浓缩后得用于杀灭同翅目昆虫的乳白香青精油。
2.如权利要求1所述的乳白香青精油作为同翅目昆虫杀虫剂的应用，其特征在于：所述乳白香青精油的成分包括: 桉叶素、芳樟醇、松油醇、(-)-α-蒎烯、毕澄茄烯、β-石竹烯、镰叶芹醇、雪松醇、冰草烯、桉油烯醇。
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