CN115623419A - Sensor arrangement optimization method for urban lake basin water quality monitoring - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, in particular to a sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring water quality of a river basin of an urban lake, which comprises the following steps: dividing an urban lake basin into a plurality of preset modules through a partition net, and putting a plurality of sensors capable of moving autonomously in each preset module to form a sensor network; setting an initial sampling frequency and a pollution degree triggering threshold value of a sensor in each preset module, and acquiring water pollution information by the sensor through an acquisition node of the sensor at regular time according to the set initial sampling frequency. The invention can monitor the change of the water pollution degree in real time, can adjust different working energy consumption of the sensor according to different pollution degrees, has high use flexibility, improves the cruising ability of the sensor, can adjust the position of the sensor according to the pollution degree, and can accurately obtain the water pollution degree of the lake by adjusting the spacing position and the sampling frequency of the sensor, improve the detection accuracy and ensure the detection accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, in particular to a sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring water quality of a river basin of an urban lake.
Background
At present, because urban domestic pollutants are not effectively controlled, industrial pollution sources are not strictly controlled, agricultural pollution is increasingly prominent, pollution sources such as sewage outlets in rivers and lakes, coastal rainwater and sewage non-point source pollution, bottom mud silting in rivers and lakes and the like exist, water quality of many domestic cities and lakes deteriorates, part of river channels even become black and odorous water, urban environmental quality and production and life of residents on the coasts of rivers and lakes are seriously influenced, control work of the urban rivers and lakes becomes important, water quality monitoring of the urban lakes has direct and critical effects in water environment control work, only the water quality monitoring work is carried out with high efficiency and rigorously, and the water environment control in cities can be ensured with time and data.
At present, the water quality monitoring modes of urban lake basins in the prior art are generally as follows:
1. manual monitoring: the method mainly comprises manual sampling, sample laboratory analysis, experimental data analysis and conclusion drawing;
2. automatic monitoring by a monitoring device: the probe is inserted into water through the monitoring equipment to detect the water quality.
3. Monitoring by a sensor: the wireless sensor network system formed by a plurality of sensors is used for monitoring the water quality, so that real-time dynamic monitoring can be realized, the monitoring area is large, and the monitoring is simple and easy to implement.
However, the first manual monitoring mode has a long sampling period, and the sampling time is greatly influenced by many factors such as terrain of a water area, weather and the like; secondly, when the water flow is in a turbulent section in an automatic monitoring mode through monitoring equipment, the probe is easy to damage under the impact action of the water flow, and the measurement of the probe is inaccurate; although the third monitoring mode can be conveniently deployed in the monitored water area, the deployed water area is not limited by local topographic and geomorphic geographic conditions, the water quality can only be singly detected, the pollution degree of each position in the lake is different, only the fixed depth of the single lake can be detected, the position of the sensor and the energy consumption can not be adjusted according to the pollution degree, and the water quality pollution degree and the pollution distribution condition of the lake can not be accurately obtained.
Therefore, a sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring the water quality of the urban lake basin is needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sensor arrangement optimization method for urban lake basin water quality monitoring, which can monitor the pollution degree change of water quality in real time, adjust different working energy consumption of sensors according to different pollution degrees, has high use flexibility, improves the cruising ability of the sensors, can adjust the positions of the sensors according to the pollution degrees, and can also accurately obtain the water quality pollution degree and the pollution distribution condition of lakes by adjusting the spacing positions and the sampling frequency of the sensors, improve the detection accuracy and ensure the detection accuracy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring the water quality of a river basin of an urban lake is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing a river basin of an urban lake into a plurality of preset modules through a separation net, and putting a plurality of sensors in each preset module to form a sensor network;
s2, setting an initial sampling frequency and a pollution degree trigger threshold value of a sensor in each preset module, regularly acquiring water pollution information by the sensor through an acquisition node of the sensor according to the set initial sampling frequency, and then carrying out data transmission on the water pollution information of each preset module through the sensor;
s3, clustering pollution nodes acquired by the sensors to obtain a pollution data set when the sensors in one or more preset modules sense water quality pollution information;
s4, transmitting the collected pollution data set to a data comparison module through a sensor, and comparing the pollution data set in the preset module with a historical data set of the preset module through the data comparison module;
s5, obtaining the water pollution degree of a preset module according to the data difference value between the pollution data set and the historical data set;
s6, setting the optimal position interval between the sensors and the optimal sampling frequency of the sensor acquisition node according to the difference value between the water pollution degree and the pollution degree trigger threshold value;
s7, positioning the polluted nodes acquired by the acquisition nodes in the optimal sampling frequency state, wherein the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes are determined according to the network connectivity of the acquisition nodes of the sensor in the high-pollution-degree presetting module and the three adjacent beacon nodes;
s8, substituting the difference value between the water pollution degree and the pollution degree trigger threshold value into a Markov calculation model, solving the optimal arrangement position between the sensors through the Markov calculation model, and adjusting the arrangement position between the sensors according to the optimal solution obtained by the calculation of the Markov calculation model;
and S9, collecting the acquired sensor data to a wireless gateway, sending the data collected from the sensor network to a water quality monitoring center computer through the wireless gateway, and receiving and processing the water quality data by data receiving and managing upper computer software.
Further, the pollution degree trigger threshold of the sensor in the preset module is respectively set to be a lowest trigger threshold, a first trigger threshold and a second trigger threshold from low to high;
in S6, when the water pollution degrees obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensor are all smaller than the minimum trigger threshold, the acquisition node of the sensor keeps the initial sampling frequency;
when the water pollution degrees detected by the sensors for three adjacent times are all between the lowest trigger threshold and a first trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x1, converting the sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor from the initial sampling frequency to a first sampling frequency, wherein the first sampling frequency is greater than the initial sampling frequency;
when the water pollution degree obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensors is between a first trigger threshold and a second trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x2, wherein the interval x2 between the sensors is smaller than the interval x1, the sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a second sampling frequency, and the second sampling frequency is larger than the first sampling frequency;
when the water pollution degrees detected by the sensors for three adjacent times are all higher than a second trigger threshold value, the position interval between the sensors is adjusted to be x3, the interval x3 between the sensors is smaller than the interval x2, the sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a third sampling frequency, and the third sampling frequency is larger than the second sampling frequency.
Further, the sensor is provided with a micro-processing module used for calculating and processing information of adjacent sensor nodes to obtain a beacon node with the minimum distance to the sensor, and the beacon node locates the mobile node by adopting a location algorithm based on distance measurement to obtain coordinates of the polluted node.
Further, a central anchor point is arranged in one or more sensors in each preset module.
Further, after the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes are determined in the step S7, whether a central anchor point exists between the polluted nodes and the beacon nodes is judged, if the central anchor point exists, the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes are transmitted to the central anchor point, and the central anchor point sends the position coordinates of the polluted nodes to the water quality monitoring center computer according to the received feedback information.
Further, the markov calculating model of S8 is a memory-free stochastic process with markov properties.
Further, the memory loss of the Markov calculation model allows the system to predict the next state of the random variable from the current state.
Further, the memory-less random process is classified into a continuous type random process or a discrete type random process by a continuous type random variable or a discrete type random variable according to a state of the memory-less random process at any time T, and the random process may be classified according to time parameters.
Further, the clustering method in S3 is: the method comprises the steps of forming a cluster for a pollution node target sensed by a sensor collecting node, aggregating target sensing data through a cluster head selected from the collecting node of the sensor, and setting a data receiving flow threshold of the sensor.
Further, different data aggregation methods are adopted according to the receiving flow of the target sensing data of the pollution node, which is relayed from the acquisition node of the sensor to the sink node.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a sensor arrangement optimization method for urban lake basin water quality monitoring, which can monitor the pollution degree change of water quality in real time, can adjust different working energy consumption of sensors according to different pollution degrees, has high use flexibility and improves the cruising performance of the sensors, the positions of the sensors in the method can be adjusted according to the pollution degree, the water quality pollution degree of lakes can be accurately obtained by adjusting the spacing positions and sampling frequency of the sensors, the detection accuracy is improved, the detection accuracy is ensured, meanwhile, the coordinates of pollution nodes can be accurately positioned, and the coordinates of the pollution nodes can be obtained according to the distance between beacon nodes and the pollution nodes.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring the water quality of a river basin of an urban lake, which is disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring water quality in a lake basin of a city, as shown in fig. 1, the sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring water quality in the lake basin of a city comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, dividing a river basin of the urban lake into a plurality of preset modules through partition nets, putting a plurality of wireless sensors capable of moving underwater into each preset module to form a sensor network, enabling the plurality of sensors to move randomly along with water flow in each preset module, detecting the flow velocity, pollutant components and pollution sources of the water flow in each preset module, enabling the sensors to adopt underwater self-moving sensors with anchoring modules, enabling the sensors to be hung on the partition nets in each preset module through the anchoring modules, limiting the sensors to move in the range of the preset modules, and avoiding the sensors from moving to other preset modules along with the water flow;
s2, setting an initial sampling frequency and a pollution degree triggering threshold value of a sensor in each preset module, enabling the sensor to regularly acquire total dissolved solids, bacteria, chemicals and pollutant information in water through an acquisition node of the sensor according to the set initial sampling frequency, then carrying out data transmission on the water quality pollution information of each preset module through the sensor, and enabling the sensor to automatically enter a dormant state when the acquisition node of the sensor does not detect the water quality pollution information for three adjacent times, so that a central processing unit in the sensor enters the dormant state, the energy consumption of the sensor can be effectively reduced, the working endurance time of the sensor is prolonged, and the sensor is powered by solar energy and a battery;
s3, clustering pollution nodes acquired by the sensors when the sensors in one or more preset modules sense water quality pollution information, wherein the clustering method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a cluster is formed by aiming at a target sensed by a collecting node of a sensor, target sensing data are relayed to a sink node from the collecting node of the sensor, the target sensing data are aggregated through a cluster head selected from the collecting node of the sensor, a data receiving flow threshold value of the sensor is set, and when the receiving flow of the target sensing data relayed to the sink node from the collecting node of the sensor is larger than the preset threshold value, a static data aggregation method is adopted, wherein the collecting node of each sensor transmits the sensing data to the cluster head of a preset cluster, the cluster head aggregates the target sensing data, and the aggregated target sensing data are sent;
when the receiving flow of the target sensing data relayed from the acquisition nodes of the sensors to the sink node is smaller than the preset threshold value, a dynamic data aggregation method is changed, clusters are temporarily formed among the sensed target sensor nodes, cluster heads selected from the acquisition nodes of the sensors in the clusters aggregate targets, and the aggregated target sensing data are sent.
S4, transmitting the collected pollution data set to a data comparison module through a sensor, comparing the pollution data set in the preset module with a historical data set of the preset module through the data comparison module, and only calling the historical data in the control time period of the preset module, so that the sewage parameter can be relatively prevented from being greatly fluctuated;
s5, acquiring the water pollution degree of a preset module according to the data difference value between the pollution data set and the historical data set, wherein the higher the pollution degree is, the higher the pollution risk level in the preset module is, the lower the pollution degree is, and the lower the pollution risk level in the preset module is;
s6, setting the optimal position interval between the sensors and the optimal sampling frequency of the sensor acquisition node according to the difference value between the water pollution degree and the pollution degree trigger threshold value:
the method comprises the steps that a pollution degree trigger threshold value of a sensor in a preset module is set to be a lowest trigger threshold value, a first trigger threshold value and a second trigger threshold value from low to high respectively;
when the water pollution degree that obtains is all less than minimum trigger threshold value when the adjacent cubic detection of sensor, the collection node of sensor keeps initial sampling frequency, initial sampling frequency is 500KHZ, the collection time that the collection node when the sensor keeps initial sampling frequency is greater than 2 hours and all is less than minimum trigger threshold value in the pollution degree in the collection period under the condition, the sensor automatically enters the dormant state, whether the sensor breaks down through joining in marriage net monitoring host computer inspection sensor before the sensor automatically gets into the dormant state, whether judge the sensor is in the fault state through joining in marriage net monitoring host computer: outputting voltage data of the sensor in 6 hours per 24 hours (including 09: 00: 10, 15: 00: 17, 22: 00: 06: 00;
when the water pollution degrees detected by the sensors for three adjacent times are all between the minimum trigger threshold and the first trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x 1 ，x 2 The sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency (500 KHZ) to a first sampling frequency, the first sampling frequency is 1000KHZ, when the acquisition node of the sensor keeps the acquisition time of the first sampling frequency to be more than 1 hour, the sensor automatically enters a low-energy consumption working state, the power and the transmitting power of the acquisition node of the sensor are reduced under the low-energy consumption working state, the power of the acquisition node of the sensor is smaller than 20MW, the transmitting power is smaller than 22dBm, the energy consumption is reduced, the power consumption power of a power supply of the sensor is smaller than 5VDC, and the power consumption of the wireless sensor is reduced;
when the water quality pollution degree obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensor is between a first trigger threshold and a second trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x 2 ，x 2 Is 80cm and has a position interval x 2 The sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a second sampling frequency, the second sampling frequency is 1500KHZ, when the acquisition node of the sensor keeps the acquisition time of the second sampling frequency to be more than 1 hour, the sensor automatically enters a normal working state, the sensor continuously monitors the water quality through the acquisition node under the first sampling frequency in the normal working state, the power of the acquisition node is 80MW, and the transmitting power is 35dBm;
when the water quality pollution degrees obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensor are all higher than a second trigger threshold value, the sensor is adjustedThe position interval between the sensors is x 3 ，x 2 The sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is 35cm, the sampling frequency is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a third sampling frequency, the third sampling frequency is 2000KHZ, after the acquisition node of the sensor keeps the third sampling frequency for more than 1 hour, the sensor automatically enters a high-efficiency (high energy consumption) working state, the acquisition node of the sensor continuously monitors the water quality through the acquisition node under the high energy consumption state under the third sampling frequency, the power of the acquisition node is 130MW, and the transmitting power is 50dBm;
s7, positioning the pollution nodes acquired by the acquisition nodes in the optimal sampling frequency state: determining the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes according to the network connectivity of the acquisition nodes of the sensors in the high-pollution degree presetting module and the adjacent beacon nodes:
the sensor is provided with a micro-processing module which is used for calculating and processing information of adjacent sensor nodes to obtain a beacon node which is most adjacent to the sensor, and the beacon node adopts a positioning algorithm based on distance measurement to position a mobile node to obtain coordinates of a polluted node;
the invention sets a central anchor point in one or more sensors in each preset module, acquires the minimum hop count between a sensor detection pollution node and a beacon node by a distance vector routing method in S7, calculates the average distance of each hop, and then takes the product of the average distance of each hop and the minimum hop count as the estimated distance between the pollution node and the beacon node: assuming that M is a pollution node, X, Y, and Z are beacon nodes, distances from X to Y and Z are 80M and 200M, respectively, and minimum hop counts from X to Y and Z are 2 and 5, respectively, then the average hop distance of X is: (80 + 200)/(2 + 5) =40M, and if the average hop counts of Y and Z are 48M and 50M, the distances from the polluting node M to the three beacon nodes can be calculated as follows: 3, 40m,2, 48m and 3, 50m, and obtaining the coordinates of the polluted node M according to the distances between the three beacon nodes X, Y and Z and the polluted node M;
after the distance values between the three beacon nodes and the pollution node M are calculated in the S7, whether a central anchor point exists between the pollution node M and the beacon nodes is judged, if the central anchor point exists between the pollution node M and the beacon nodes, the accurate coordinates of the pollution node M are transmitted to the central anchor point, and the central anchor point is sent to a water quality monitoring center computer;
if a central anchor point exists between the polluted node M and the beacon node, selecting a sensor with the most electric quantity as a temporary forwarding anchor point L according to the electric quantity state of each central anchor point, sending the feedback information of the node M to be polluted to the central anchor point by the temporary forwarding anchor point L, sending the feedback information of the coordinate information of the temporary forwarding anchor point L and the distance value of the polluted node M, such as (Ln, L1, a), (Ln, L2, b), (Ln, L3, c) to the central anchor point, and calculating the position coordinate of the polluted node M by other anchor points according to the feedback information received by the anchor points by the signaling interaction center and sending the position coordinate to a base station or a server.
And S8, substituting the difference value between the water pollution degree and the pollution degree trigger threshold value into a Markov calculation model, solving the optimal arrangement position between the sensors through the Markov calculation model, and adjusting the arrangement position between the sensors according to the optimal solution obtained by the calculation of the Markov calculation model: based on the markov chain and the cosine similarity, the feature similarity between two sensors is calculated and defined as follows:
whereinL i AndL j respectively representing the characteristics of an ith sensor acquisition node and a jth sensor acquisition node;
calculating the feature similarity of any two sensors through a Markov calculation model to obtain a feature similarity matrix K = (K) i,j ) In which K is i,j =cos(L i , L j ) =; i, j =1,2, \8230 \8230n, wherein i represents the ith sensor acquisition node, j represents the jth sensor acquisition node, and n is the total number of sensors, can be obtainedTransition probability matrix G = (G) of sensor acquisition node i,j ) The steady-state distribution matrix of the sensor is solved through the equation x = Gx to obtain the node steady-state distribution position x, and the expression is
，nFor the total number of sensors, the Markov calculation model of the invention S8 is a memoryless stochastic process with Markov properties, according to which at any one timeTThe state of (2) is classified into a continuous random process or a discrete random process by a continuous random variable or a discrete random variable, and the random process may be classified according to a time parameter.
And S9, collecting the acquired sensor data to a wireless gateway, sending the data collected from the sensor network to a water quality monitoring center computer through the wireless gateway, and receiving and processing the water quality data by data receiving and managing upper computer software.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sensor arrangement optimization method for monitoring the water quality of a river basin of an urban lake is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing an urban lake basin into a plurality of preset modules through a partition net, and putting a plurality of sensors in each preset module to form a sensor network;
s2, setting an initial sampling frequency and a pollution degree trigger threshold value of a sensor in each preset module, regularly acquiring water pollution information by the sensor through an acquisition node of the sensor according to the set initial sampling frequency, and then carrying out data transmission on the water pollution information of each preset module through the sensor;
s3, clustering pollution nodes acquired by the sensors to obtain a pollution data set when the sensors in one or more preset modules sense water quality pollution information;
s4, transmitting the collected pollution data set to a data comparison module through a sensor, and comparing the pollution data set in the preset module with a historical data set of the preset module through the data comparison module;
s5, acquiring the water pollution degree of a preset module according to the data difference value between the pollution data set and the historical data set;
s6, setting the optimal position interval between the sensors and the optimal sampling frequency of the sensor acquisition node according to the difference value between the water pollution degree and the pollution degree trigger threshold value;
s7, positioning the polluted nodes acquired by the acquisition nodes in the optimal sampling frequency state, wherein the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes are determined according to the network connectivity of the acquisition nodes of the sensor in the high-pollution-degree presetting module and the three adjacent beacon nodes;
s8, substituting the difference value between the water pollution degree and the pollution degree trigger threshold value into a Markov calculation model, solving the optimal arrangement position between the sensors through the Markov calculation model, and adjusting the arrangement position between the sensors according to the optimal solution obtained by the calculation of the Markov calculation model;
and S9, collecting the acquired sensor data to a wireless gateway, sending the data collected from the sensor network to a water quality monitoring center computer through the wireless gateway, and receiving and processing the water quality data by data receiving and managing upper computer software.
2. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the water quality monitoring of the urban lake basin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pollution degree trigger threshold of the sensor in the preset module is respectively set to be a lowest trigger threshold, a first trigger threshold and a second trigger threshold from low to high;
in the S6, when the water pollution degrees obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensor are all smaller than the lowest trigger threshold value, the acquisition node of the sensor keeps the initial sampling frequency;
when the water pollution degrees detected by the sensors for three adjacent times are all between the minimum trigger threshold and the first trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x 1 The sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a first sampling frequency, and the first sampling frequency is greater than the initial sampling frequency;
when the water quality pollution degree obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensor is between a first trigger threshold and a second trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x 2 Spacing x between sensors 2 Less than spacing x 1 The sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a second sampling frequency, and the second sampling frequency is greater than the first sampling frequency;
when the water quality pollution degrees obtained by three adjacent detections of the sensors are all higher than a second trigger threshold, adjusting the position interval between the sensors to be x 3 Spacing x between sensors 3 Less than spacing x 2 And the sampling frequency of the acquisition node of the sensor is converted from the initial sampling frequency to a third sampling frequency, and the third sampling frequency is greater than the second sampling frequency.
3. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the urban lake basin water quality monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sensor is provided with a micro-processing module which is used for calculating and processing the information of adjacent sensor nodes to obtain a beacon node with the minimum distance from the sensor, and the beacon node adopts a positioning algorithm based on distance measurement to position the mobile node to obtain the coordinates of the polluted node.
4. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the urban lake basin water quality monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a central anchor point is arranged in one or more sensors in each preset module.
5. The method for optimizing the sensor layout for monitoring the water quality of the urban lake basin according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S7, after the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes are determined, judging whether a central anchor point exists between the polluted nodes and the beacon nodes, if so, transmitting the accurate coordinates of the polluted nodes to the central anchor point, and sending the position coordinates of the polluted nodes to a water quality monitoring center computer by the central anchor point according to the received feedback information.
6. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the water quality monitoring of the urban lake basin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Markov calculation model of S8 is a memoryless stochastic process with Markov property.
7. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the water quality monitoring of the urban lake basin according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the memory loss of the Markov calculation model allows the system to predict the next state of the random variable from the current state.
8. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the urban lake basin water quality monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: the memoryless random process is classified into a continuous random process or a discrete random process by a continuous random variable or a discrete random variable according to the state of the memoryless random process at any time T, and the random process can be classified according to time parameters.
9. The sensor arrangement optimization method for the urban lake basin water quality monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clustering method in the S3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of forming a cluster for a pollution node target sensed by a sensor collecting node, aggregating target sensing data through a cluster head selected from the collecting node of the sensor, and setting a data receiving flow threshold of the sensor.
10. The method for optimizing the sensor layout for monitoring the water quality of the urban lake basin according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and adopting different data aggregation methods according to the receiving flow of the target sensing data of the pollution node from the collection node relay of the sensor to the sink node.
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