CN115621485B - Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell - Google Patents
Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115621485B CN115621485B CN202211636045.9A CN202211636045A CN115621485B CN 115621485 B CN115621485 B CN 115621485B CN 202211636045 A CN202211636045 A CN 202211636045A CN 115621485 B CN115621485 B CN 115621485B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bipolar plate flow field structure, a fluid flow direction control method thereof and a fuel cell, belonging to the field of fuel cells. Through the processing scheme of the application, the flow direction of the fluid in the flow field is variable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a bipolar plate flow field structure, a fluid flow direction control method thereof and a fuel cell.
Background
The heart of the fuel cell is the membrane electrode and the bipolar plate. The membrane electrode is the site of electrochemical reaction; the bipolar plates provide gas distribution and current collection. In the current production, the productivity and efficiency of the fuel cell are greatly limited by the structure of the bipolar plate flow field, and the flow state of reactants and products can be improved by the high-quality flow field structure, so that the reactants can be obtained at all positions of the electrode in time, cooling water can be discharged in time, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved. The design of the flow field on the bipolar plate is a single form, the bipolar plate needs to provide gas distribution for different working conditions of the fuel cell, for example, the flow rate is low under the light-load working condition, so that the gas exchange mass transfer performance is insufficient, and the flow resistance is large under the heavy-load working condition, so that the power consumption of the air compressor is overhigh. This limits the performance of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a bipolar plate flow field structure with a variable fluid flow direction in a flow field, a fluid flow direction control method of the bipolar plate flow field structure, and a fuel cell.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a bipolar plate flow field structure, which includes a first flow field inlet, at least one second flow field inlet, a first flow field outlet, and at least one second flow field outlet, wherein the first flow field inlet and the first flow field outlet are oppositely disposed along a primary flow channel of a bipolar plate, the second flow field inlet and the second flow field outlet are oppositely disposed along the primary flow channel of the bipolar plate, and the second flow field inlet and the second flow field outlet are opened and closed by a valve outside a core, so as to change a direction of a fluid in a flow field.
In one embodiment, the width ratio of the first flow field air inlet to the second flow field air inlet is 1.
In one embodiment, the width ratio of the first flow field exhaust port to the second flow field exhaust port is 1.
In one embodiment, the bipolar plate is provided with secondary flow channels adjacent to the second flow field inlet and/or the second flow field outlet, the secondary flow channels and the primary flow channels being arranged in a non-uniform manner.
In one embodiment, the primary flow channels are at least one of straight flow channels, serpentine flow channels, undulating flow channels, and staggered flow channels.
A method of controlling fluid flow direction in a bipolar plate flow field structure, comprising: acquiring the current working condition of the fuel cell; determining the flow direction of the fluid according to the current working condition; and opening a valve according to the flow direction of the fluid, wherein the control method is used for controlling the fluid in the bipolar plate flow field structure.
A fuel cell, comprising: the reactor core consists of a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side; and the valve is arranged outside the reactor core and is used for adjusting the change of the fluid direction in the flow field, wherein the control method of the fluid direction adopts the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the plurality of air inlets and the plurality of air outlets are arranged, and the valves outside the reactor core are used for controlling the plurality of air inlets and the plurality of air outlets to be started or not to change the flowing direction of the fluid in the flow field, so that the overall flow direction of the flow field is changed, the gas flow velocity distribution and the pressure drop under different working conditions are improved, the gas exchange promotion performance is enhanced under the light-load working condition, or the power consumption of the air compressor is reduced under the heavy-load working condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the core structure of a fuel cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the core structure of a fuel cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic first fluid flow direction view of a bipolar plate flow field structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second fluid flow schematic of a bipolar plate flow field structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic first fluid flow direction view of a bipolar plate flow field structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a second fluid flow schematic of a bipolar plate flow field structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic first fluid flow direction view of a bipolar plate flow field structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 9 is a schematic first fluid flow direction view of a bipolar plate flow field structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. The present application is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and/or changes in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the present application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the appended claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present application, one skilled in the art should appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number and aspects set forth herein. Additionally, such an apparatus may be implemented and/or such a method may be practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present application, and the drawings only show the components related to the present application rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, amount and ratio of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell including a core 10 and a valve 20.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the core 10 is composed of a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side and enclosed by a casing. The housing of the core 10 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 11. The through-hole port 11 may serve as an air exhaust port, a water exhaust port, an air intake port, or a water intake port. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the flow field structure of the bipolar plate includes a first flow field inlet 1a, a second flow field inlet 2a, a first flow field outlet 1b, and a second flow field outlet 2b.
Because the core 10 is composed of a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side, and the bipolar plates are identical, the gas inlets 1A, 2A and the gas outlets 1B, 2B of all the unit flow fields form a gas common pipeline in the core of the stacked structure, corresponding to the total gas inlets 1A, 2A and the total gas outlets 1B, 2B. The air inlets 2A of all the unit flow fields are controlled by valves arranged on the main air inlet 2A to supply air, and the air outlets 2B of all the unit flow fields are controlled by valves arranged on the main air outlet 2B to exhaust air. Therefore, after the bipolar plates are stacked, all the first flow field inlets 1A form first inlets 1A at the corresponding positions of the shell of the core; after the bipolar plates are stacked, all the first flow field exhaust ports 1B form first exhaust ports 1B at the corresponding positions of the shell of the reactor core; after the bipolar plates are stacked, all the second flow field air inlets 2A form second air inlets 2A at the corresponding positions of the shell of the reactor core; all the second flow field exhaust ports 2B form second exhaust ports 2B at the corresponding positions of the core housing after the bipolar plates are stacked.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the valve 20 is disposed outside the core 10 to close the through hole 11, thereby adjusting the change of the fluid direction in the flow field. The valve 20 may be disposed in the vicinity of the second inlet port 2A and/or the second outlet port 2B for closing the second inlet port 2A and/or the second outlet port 2B. The flow field may be a cathode flow field of the fuel cell, or may be an anode flow field, a cooling flow field, or the like.
As shown in fig. 4 and 6, in one embodiment, the present embodiments also provide a bipolar plate flow field structure comprising a first flow field inlet 1a, at least one second flow field inlet 2a, a first flow field outlet 1b, and at least one second flow field outlet 2b.
The total width of the first flow field inlet 1a and all the second flow field inlets 2a is adapted to the total width of the primary channels of the bipolar plate. In one embodiment, the primary flow channels are at least one of straight flow channels, serpentine flow channels, undulating flow channels, and staggered flow channels.
The total width of the first flow field outlet 1b and all the second flow field outlets 2b is adapted to the total width of the primary flow channel. The second flow field air inlet 2a and the second flow field air outlet 2b are opened and closed through a valve outside the reactor core, so that the direction of fluid in the flow field is changed. The valves for opening and closing the second flow field inlet 2a and the second flow field outlet 2b are different valves. The valve is made of metal. In one embodiment, the valve material may be an inert metal material.
As shown in fig. 4, 3 is the flow field in the electric field core, and arrow 4 is the direction of fluid flow in the flow field. When the first flow field inlet 1a and the first flow field outlet 1b are opened and the second flow field inlet 2a and the second flow field outlet 2b are closed by the valve outside the reactor core, the fluid in the flow field enters the flow field only from 1a and leaves the flow field only from 1b, and the fluid in the flow field flows along the flow direction 4 shown in fig. 4, so that a return flow field is formed. At the moment, the cross section area of the fluid flow is small, the flow path is long, the flow speed is high, and the gas exchange and the substance transfer are enhanced. At this time, the prohibition symbol 21 in fig. 2 indicates that the second intake port 2A and the second exhaust port 2B are in the closed state, and therefore the flow direction of the fluid in the cell core is as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 5, when the first flow field inlet 1a and the first flow field outlet 1b are opened, and the second flow field inlet 2a and the second flow field outlet 2b are opened by opening a valve outside the core, fluid in the flow field enters the flow field from 1a and 2a, and leaves the flow field from 1b and 2b, and the fluid in the flow field flows along the flow direction 4 shown in fig. 5, so as to form a parallel flow field. At the moment, the cross section area of the fluid flowing through is large, the flow path is short, the pressure drop is low, and the reduction of the power consumption of the air compressor is facilitated. At this time, the prohibition symbol 21 does not exist in the second inlet port 2A and the second outlet port 2B in fig. 3, and the flow direction of the fluid in the cell core is as shown in fig. 3.
According to the structure, the plurality of air inlets and the plurality of air outlets are arranged, and whether the plurality of air inlets and the plurality of air outlets are started or not is controlled by the valve outside the reactor core, so that the flowing direction of fluid in the flow field is changed, the overall flowing direction of the flow field is changed, the gas flow velocity distribution and the pressure drop under different working conditions are improved, the gas exchange and the improvement performance are enhanced under the light-load working condition, or the power consumption of the air compressor is reduced under the heavy-load working condition.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the second flow field inlet 2a and the second flow field outlet 2b are each provided in plurality, and therefore, the flow field has a plurality of corresponding turnaround regions. The bipolar plate adopting the structure is applicable to a fuel cell, and has wider working condition range and finer adjustment range.
In one embodiment, the core 10 is comprised of a plurality of bipolar plate layers arranged side by side, each bipolar plate layer having a plurality of bipolar plates arranged in parallel. Therefore, the first inlet port 1A, the first exhaust port 1B, the second inlet port 2A, and the second exhaust port 2B may be simultaneously present on one side surface of the core 10.
In one embodiment, the width ratio of the first flow field air inlet to the second flow field air inlet is 1.
In one embodiment, the width ratio of the first flow field exhaust port to the second flow field exhaust port is 1.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in one embodiment, the bipolar plate is provided with secondary flow channels (cross-hatched area in the figure) near the secondary field inlets and/or the secondary field outlets, the secondary flow channels and the primary flow channels (cross-hatched area in the figure) being arranged in a non-uniform pattern. The secondary flow passage can adopt the same flow passage form as the main flow passage or different flow passage forms. When the sub runner and the main runner adopt the same runner form, the characteristic dimensions such as width, depth, and the like of the main runner and the sub runner are not uniform. When the secondary flow channel and the main flow channel adopt different flow channel forms, the characteristic dimensions of the main flow channel and the secondary flow channel such as width, depth and the like may be inconsistent or may not be consistent.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the first flow field inlet 1a and the first flow field outlet 1b are disposed to face each other along the primary flow path of the bipolar plate, and the second flow field inlet 2a and the second flow field outlet 2b are disposed to face each other along the primary flow path of the bipolar plate. In fig. 8 and 9, the first flow field inlet 1a and the second flow field inlet 2a are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the flow field can be better adapted to irregular flow fields and the irregular main flow channel.
In an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a fluid flow direction control method of a bipolar plate flow field structure, including the following steps:
step one, obtaining the current working condition of the fuel cell, determining the current working condition by detecting gas or liquid discharged by the fuel cell, determining the current working condition according to the efficiency of the cell, or determining the current working condition of the fuel cell by adopting other feasible modes. In one embodiment, the current operating condition may be represented by air compressor power consumption.
And step two, determining the flow direction of the fluid according to the current working condition. When the current working condition is represented by the power consumption of the air compressor, and when the power consumption of the air compressor is too high, it can be judged that the fluid flow path is longer at the moment, the flow path needs to be shortened, and the flow direction of the fluid is re-determined; when the power consumption of the air compressor is too low, it can be determined that the fluid flow path is short, the flow path needs to be extended, and the fluid flow direction is determined again.
And step three, opening the valve according to the flow direction of the fluid. Opening the valve, indicating shortening of the fluid flow path; closing the valve indicates extending the fluid flow path.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A bipolar plate flow field structure is characterized by comprising a first flow field air inlet, at least one second flow field air inlet, a first flow field air outlet and at least one second flow field air outlet,
wherein the first flow field inlet and the first flow field outlet are arranged along a diagonal of a primary channel of the bipolar plate, the second flow field inlet and the second flow field outlet are arranged along a diagonal of the primary channel of the bipolar plate,
and the second flow field air inlet and the second flow field air outlet are opened and closed through a valve outside the reactor core, so that the direction of fluid in the flow field is changed.
2. The bipolar plate flow field structure of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the widths of the first and second flow field inlets is 1 to 0.5 to 5.
3. The bipolar plate flow field structure of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the widths of the first and second flow field vents is 1 to 0.5 to 5.
4. A bipolar plate flow field structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bipolar plate is provided with secondary flow channels adjacent to said secondary flow field inlet and/or said secondary flow field outlet, said secondary flow channels and said primary flow channels being non-uniformly characterized.
5. A bipolar plate flow field structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said primary flow channels are at least one of straight flow channels, serpentine flow channels, undulating flow channels, and interleaved flow channels.
6. A method for controlling a direction of fluid flow in a bipolar plate flow field structure, comprising:
acquiring the current working condition of the fuel cell;
determining the flow direction of the fluid according to the current working condition;
the valve is opened according to the flow direction of the fluid,
the control method is used for controlling the fluid in the bipolar plate flow field structure of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A fuel cell, comprising:
the reactor core consists of a plurality of bipolar plates arranged side by side;
a valve disposed outside the core for adjusting a change in direction of fluid in the flow field,
the method for controlling the fluid direction is the method of claim 6.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211636045.9A CN115621485B (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell |
| PCT/CN2023/094992 WO2024130948A1 (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-18 | Bipolar plate flow field structure and fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211636045.9A CN115621485B (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115621485A CN115621485A (en) | 2023-01-17 |
| CN115621485B true CN115621485B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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| CN202211636045.9A Active CN115621485B (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell |
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| WO (1) | WO2024130948A1 (en) |
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| CN115621485B (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-03-21 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101141007A (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2008-03-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Multi-channel fuel battery pile |
| CN101587964B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2011-06-15 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell based on in-plate counter-flow flow field |
| JP2011096498A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell laminate |
| US20130078543A1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2013-03-28 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Operation method for fuel cell, and fuel cell system |
| CN101867053B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2012-07-11 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell stack for jointly applying intraplate counter-flow flow field and interpolate counter-flow flow field |
| JP6214279B2 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2017-10-18 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| GB2509318A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-02 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Flow plate for a fuel cell |
| US10522850B2 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2019-12-31 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Three-dimensionally printed bipolar plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| KR101860201B1 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-05-23 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | A leak test apparatus and a leak test mothod for a fuel cell stack |
| JP7451377B2 (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2024-03-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cells and fuel cell stacks |
| CN113381038B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-29 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Metal bipolar plate with Z-shaped flow field area distribution |
| CN115188983A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-14 | 华中科技大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell bipolar plate connector |
| CN115621485B (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-03-21 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Bipolar plate flow field structure, fluid flow direction control method thereof and fuel cell |
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- 2022-12-20 CN CN202211636045.9A patent/CN115621485B/en active Active
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| CN115621485A (en) | 2023-01-17 |
| WO2024130948A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
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