CN115616464A - Detection coil calibration device and method - Google Patents
Detection coil calibration device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115616464A CN115616464A CN202211317267.4A CN202211317267A CN115616464A CN 115616464 A CN115616464 A CN 115616464A CN 202211317267 A CN202211317267 A CN 202211317267A CN 115616464 A CN115616464 A CN 115616464A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V13/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V1/00 – G01V11/00
Abstract
The invention relates to a detection coil calibration device and a method, wherein the device comprises a direct current power supply, a magnet, a detection coil and an acquisition and calculation analysis system, wherein the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected to the two ends of the magnet and can output direct current to supply power for the magnet; the device also comprises a coil support, wherein the coil support comprises a cylinder and a coil tray, a calibrated detection coil is arranged on the coil tray, the detection coil is just positioned at the center of the magnetic field of the magnet, and two ends of the detection coil are connected to the input end of the acquisition and calculation analysis system through coaxial cables; the magnet is a resistance magnet or a superconducting magnet, and consists of an internal conductive coil and an external container, and a room temperature aperture is arranged in the middle of the magnet. The detection coil calibration device is simple and convenient to operate, and can realize quick and accurate calibration and calibration of the detection coil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and calibration, in particular to a device and a method for calibrating and calibrating a detection coil.
Background
Detection coils are common instruments used in many scientific experiments and research, such as magnetic field measurement, magnetic testing, etc. The coil parameter NS is a key parameter for detecting whether the coil can achieve accurate measurement, where N is the number of turns of the coil, and S is an effective area surrounded by the coil.
Due to the difference of the coil winding process, the NS parameter obtained by measuring and calculating the coil size is not accurate, and the NS parameter of the coil needs to be calibrated and calibrated when the accurate measurement is needed.
At present, some foreign detection coil suppliers provide two types of detection coils, one type is a coil without calibration of NS value; one type is a coil that has been calibrated and calibrated, the latter being more expensive to sell than the former.
According to the IEEE standard, there are two calibration methods for magnetic field probes in the time domain: 1) Comparing the field intensity value measured by the calibrated magnetic field probe with the measured value of the magnetic field probe to be calibrated; 2) The magnetic field probe to be calibrated is measured in a known or accurately calculable reference field, and the measured field intensity value is compared with the known or accurately calculated value.
The detection coil is a kind of magnetic field probe, and its calibration should meet the above standard, but it is different from some probes for measuring steady magnetic field, because the detection coil is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and only can measure the changing magnetic field, which makes its calibration more difficult than other types of magnetic field probes. At present, in order to calibrate parameters of a detection coil, a general method is to place the detection coil in a relatively constant magnetic field, design a complex motor driving and supporting mechanism, control a motor to enable the detection coil to move at a uniform speed in the magnetic field, measure changes of magnetic flux in the detection coil by using standard instruments such as a fluxmeter and the like, and further calculate NS parameters of the coil according to measurement data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to calibrate and calibrate the detection coil, realize the precision measurement of the detection coil and overcome the defects of complex operation, low precision and the like of the conventional detection coil calibration method and device, the invention provides the detection coil calibration and calibration device and method, which have the advantages of simple and convenient operation, high measurement precision and capability of realizing the quick and precise calibration and calibration of the detection coil.
In order to realize the functions, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a detection coil calibration method and a device thereof comprise a high-precision direct-current power supply, a magnet, a coil bracket, a detection coil, a coaxial cable and an acquisition and calculation analysis system;
the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the high-precision direct current power supply are respectively connected to two ends of the magnet and can output direct current to supply power to the magnet; the coil support comprises cylinder and coil tray, and the detection coil of being calibrated is arranged in on the coil tray, and the detection coil just is located the magnetic field central point of magnet and puts, and the both ends of detection coil are connected to the input of collection and computational analysis system by coaxial cable.
The high-precision direct current power supply is a controllable current source and can be used for ascending, descending and stably running according to a set current target value and a set current speed.
The magnet is a resistance magnet or a superconducting magnet, consists of an internal conductive coil and an external container, and has a room temperature aperture in the middle, and the magnetic field intensity generated by the designed magnet is in a linear relation with the electrified current.
Before calibration, the relationship between the magnetic field strength and the current of the magnet (i.e. the magnet coefficient) is accurately measured by nuclear magnetic resonance.
Furthermore, the coil support is made of non-magnetic materials and comprises a cylinder and a coil tray, one end of the cylinder is fixed on the ground, the other end of the cylinder is fixed with the coil tray, and the coil tray is used for placing a detection coil.
Further, the length of the support is to ensure that the detection coil calibration and calibration device of the present invention just enables the detection coil to be placed at the magnetic field center position of the magnet when the detection coil is calibrated.
Furthermore, the support can be set to be a telescopic structure, and the length of the support can be adjusted, so that the requirement for calibrating the detection coil when the central positions of the magnets with different specifications are different is met.
Furthermore, the detection coil is calibrated equipment, is formed by winding N turns (N is more than or equal to 1) of coils and is fixed on a coil tray of the bracket, two ends of the detection coil are connected to one end of the coaxial cable, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected to the input end of the acquisition and calculation analysis system.
Furthermore, the acquisition, calculation and analysis system consists of a data acquisition card, a digital filter, a coil parameter calculation and result display unit, a processor, software, hardware and other units, wherein the input of the data acquisition card is connected with the output of the coaxial cable and is used for acquiring and detecting an induced voltage signal generated on the measuring coil, and the sampling rate of the data acquisition card meets the requirement of the nyquist sampling theorem;
the digital filter is used for filtering the induced voltage signal output by the detection coil by using a software program and filtering alternating current signals except direct current components;
the coil parameter calculation and result display unit can calculate and process the output data of the digital filter in real time to obtain the calculation result of the coil parameter NS and display the calculation result.
The acquisition, calculation and analysis system can be an ordinary computer or a microcomputer, and can also be an independent control cabinet comprising software and hardware units such as the data acquisition card, the processor, the digital integrator and the like;
further, the processor and the software and hardware units include but are not limited to a CPU, a motherboard, a keyboard, a memory, a hard disk, an operating system, and computer application software in a computer, and are collectively referred to as all hardware and software supporting the data acquisition card, the digital filter, the coil parameter calculation result, and the display unit.
On the other hand, the principle of calibrating the detection coil is explained as follows:
if the rapid rising rate of the current is k and the magnet coefficient is a (T/A), the output waveform of the current rising stage is
I＝kt+I 1 sin(ω 1 t)+I 2 sin(ω 2 t)+I 3 sin(ω 3 t)+…
Where kt is the direct current component, I 1 、I 2 、I 3 … … is the peak of each frequency component current ripple;
it should be noted that the magnetic field intensity generated by the magnet has a strict linear relationship (B = aI) with the current passing through it, the magnet coefficient a is a key parameter of each magnet in the steady-state strong magnetic field, and has been obtained by a standard nuclear magnetic resonance measuring instrument (i.e. the value of the magnet coefficient a of each magnet is known and can be accurately measured in tesla/ampere), the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is proportional to the magnetic field intensity, and the nuclear magnetic resonance technology is a recognized precise magnetic field measuring technology.
The output current generates a magnetic field strength at the center of the magnet of:
B＝aI＝a·[kt+I 1 sin(ω 1 t)+I 2 sin(ω 2 t)+I 3 sin(ω 3 t)+…]；
locate the magnetic field center department of magnet with detecting coil, by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, will produce induced electromotive force on detecting coil, its size is:
wherein NS is the effective turn area of the coil, namely the parameter value of the detection coil needing to be calibrated;
and (3) carrying out digital high-pass filtering on the induction voltage u output by the detection coil, and filtering an alternating current component to obtain a direct current component:
U 0 ＝NSak
namely, the induced voltage output by the detection coil is subjected to digital high-pass filtering to obtain a direct current component U 0 And dividing ak to obtain the parameter value of the detection coil as follows:
the detection coil calibration device of the invention adopts the following calibration method:
step 1: preparing before calibration: (1) connecting the positive and negative output ends of the high-precision direct-current power supply to the current input end of the magnet to be used; (2) installing and fixing a detection coil to be calibrated on a coil tray of a bracket, connecting two ends of the detection coil to one end of a coaxial cable, adjusting the length of the bracket, and placing the detection coil at the center of a magnetic field of a magnet; (3) and connecting the other end of the coaxial cable to the input end of a data acquisition card in the acquisition and computational analysis system.
Step 2: and starting the acquisition, calculation and analysis system, inputting a magnet coefficient a (T/A) of a magnet used in the calibration and the current rise rate or the current fall rate k of a high-precision power supply to be adopted.
And step 3: setting a current target value and a current rising rate (or a current falling rate) of the high-precision direct-current power supply, clicking to operate, and enabling the power supply to start excitation (or demagnetization) operation.
And 4, step 4: and (3) operating an acquisition and calculation analysis system to start acquiring the output data of the detection coil.
And 5: the acquisition and calculation analysis system acquires the output data of the detection coil and performs high-pass filtering to obtain the direct-current component U output by the induced voltage generated by the detection coil 0 Calculating and analyzing system to calculate and analyze U 0 And dividing the signal by ak to obtain the coil parameter NS of the detection coil to be calibrated, and displaying the coil parameter NS on the system.
According to the detection coil calibration method, the magnetic field intensity of a known magnet and the power supply current of the known magnet form a strict linear relation, the output current of the power supply is designed to rapidly rise or fall at a fixed speed, and the output voltage of the detection coil is measured, so that the parameters of the detection coil can be calculated, and the accurate calibration and calibration of the detection coil are realized. Compared with the prior calibration and calibration method, a complex motor driving and supporting mechanism needs to be designed, and the detection coil can do uniform motion in a magnetic field by controlling the motor, the rapid rise or fall of the output current of the programmed control direct current power supply designed in the invention is easier to realize, and the current rise and fall speed can be very accurate compared with the speed of the coil doing uniform motion in the prior art; in addition, in the existing calibration and calibration method, a uniform magnetic field is needed in a motion area of a detection coil, the larger the area of the coil motion is (the larger the output voltage of the detection coil to be measured is, the more accurate the measurement result is, the higher the speed of the uniform motion of the coil is needed, and correspondingly, the larger the area of the coil motion is), the larger the area of the required uniform magnetic field is, the more difficult realization of the uniform magnetic field in a large area is known, and the magnetic field strength which is manually designed at present is in gradient distribution in a spatial range, which inevitably affects the accuracy of the measurement result. In summary, the detection coil calibration device and method provided by the invention can accurately calibrate and calibrate the coil parameter values of various detection coils, have the advantages of simple device structure, convenience in operation, higher measurement precision, high measurement and calibration automation degree, and can realize quick and accurate calibration and calibration of the detection coil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method and an apparatus for calibrating a detection coil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and it is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative of some, but not restrictive, of the broad invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a detection coil calibration device comprises a high-precision direct-current power supply 1, a magnet 2, coil supports 4-5, a detection coil 3, a coaxial cable 6 and a collection and calculation analysis system 7;
the output positive and negative poles of the high-precision direct current power supply 1 are respectively connected to the two ends of the magnet and can output direct current to supply power to the magnet 2; the coil support comprises cylinder 4 and coil tray 5, and the detection coil 3 of being calibrated is arranged in the coil tray, and detection coil just is located the magnetic field central point of magnet 2 and puts, and detection coil's both ends are connected to the input of collection and computational analysis system 7 by coaxial cable 6.
Specifically, the high-precision direct current power supply is a controllable current source and can be used for ascending, descending and stably operating according to a set current target value and a set current rate.
The magnet is a resistance magnet or a superconducting magnet and consists of an internal conductive coil and an external container, a room temperature aperture is arranged in the middle of the magnet, the magnet is not 'solid', the middle part of the magnet is 'hollow', the magnetic field at the central position is strongest, the magnetic field space uniformity is highest, the magnet is used for placing an experimental sample, a measuring probe and the like, and for the designed magnet, the magnetic field intensity generated by the magnet has a linear relation with the electrifying current.
Before calibration, the relationship between the magnetic field strength and the current of the magnet (namely the magnet coefficient) is accurately measured by nuclear magnetic resonance.
The coil support is made of a non-magnetic conductive material and comprises a cylinder and a coil tray, one end of the cylinder is fixed on the ground, the coil tray is fixed at the other end of the cylinder, and a detection coil is placed on the coil tray.
The length of the bracket is ensured to ensure that the detection coil calibration and calibration device just enables the detection coil to be arranged at the center of the magnetic field of the magnet when the detection coil is calibrated; the magnetic field intensity inside the magnet is distributed in a gradient mode, and the magnetic field is strongest at the central position.
The support can be set to be a telescopic structure, and the length of the support can be adjusted, so that the requirement for calibrating the detection coil when the central positions of magnets of different specifications are different is met.
The detection coil is calibrated equipment and is formed by winding N turns (N is more than or equal to 1) of coils and fixed on a coil tray of the bracket, two ends of the detection coil are connected to one end of the coaxial cable, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected to the input end of the acquisition and calculation analysis system.
The acquisition, calculation and analysis system 7 comprises a data acquisition card 71, a digital filter 72, a coil parameter calculation and result display 73, a processor, software, hardware 74 and other units, wherein the input of the data acquisition card is connected with the output of a coaxial cable and is used for acquiring and detecting an induced voltage signal generated on a measuring coil, and the sampling rate of the data acquisition card meets the requirement of nyquist sampling theorem;
the digital filter is used for filtering the induced voltage signal output by the detection coil by using a software program and filtering alternating current signals except direct current components;
the coil parameter calculation and result display unit can calculate and process the output data of the digital filter in real time to obtain the calculation result of the coil parameter NS and display the calculation result.
The acquisition, calculation and analysis system can be an ordinary computer or a microcomputer, and can also be an independent control cabinet comprising software and hardware units such as the data acquisition card, the processor, the digital integrator and the like;
the processor and the software and hardware units include but are not limited to a CPU, a mainboard, a keyboard, a memory, a hard disk, an operating system, computer application software and the like in a computer, and are collectively called as all hardware and software for supporting the data acquisition card, the digital filter, the coil parameter calculation result and the display unit.
The principle of calibrating the detection coil in the embodiment of the invention is explained as follows:
if the rapid rising rate of the current is k and the magnet coefficient is a (T/A), the output waveform of the current rising stage is
I＝kt+I 1 sin(ω 1 t)+I 2 sin(ω 2 t)+I 3 sin(ω 3 t)+…
Where kt is the direct component, I 1 、I 2 、I 3 … … is the peak of each frequency component current ripple;
it should be noted that the magnetic field intensity generated by the magnet has a strict linear relationship (B = aI) with the current passing through it, the magnet coefficient a is a key parameter of each magnet in the steady-state strong magnetic field, and has been obtained by a standard nuclear magnetic resonance measuring instrument (i.e. the value of the magnet coefficient a of each magnet is known and can be accurately measured in tesla/ampere), the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is proportional to the magnetic field intensity, and the nuclear magnetic resonance technology is a recognized precise magnetic field measuring technology.
The output current generates a magnetic field strength at the center of the magnet of:
B＝aI＝a·[kt+I 1 sin(ω 1 t)+I 2 sin(ω 2 t)+I 3 sin(ω 3 t)+…]；
locate the magnetic field center department of magnet with detecting coil, by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, will produce induced electromotive force on detecting coil, its size is:
wherein NS is the effective turn area of the coil, namely the parameter value of the detection coil needing to be calibrated;
carrying out digital high-pass filtering on the induction voltage u output by the detection coil, and filtering out an alternating current component to obtain a direct current component:
U 0 ＝NSak
namely, the induced voltage output by the detection coil is subjected to digital high-pass filtering to obtain a direct current component U 0 And dividing ak to obtain the parameter value of the detection coil as follows:
the detection coil calibration device of the embodiment of the invention adopts the following calibration method:
step 1: preparing before calibration: (1) connecting the positive and negative output ends of the high-precision direct-current power supply to the current input end of the magnet to be used; (2) installing and fixing a detection coil to be calibrated on a coil tray of a bracket, connecting two ends of the detection coil to one end of a coaxial cable, adjusting the length of the bracket, and placing the detection coil at the center of a magnetic field of a magnet; (3) and connecting the other end of the coaxial cable to the input end of a data acquisition card in the acquisition and computational analysis system.
Step 2: and starting the acquisition, calculation and analysis system, inputting the magnet coefficient a (T/A) of the magnet used in the calibration and the current rise rate or the current fall rate k of the high-precision power supply to be adopted.
And step 3: setting a current target value and a current rising rate (or a current falling rate) of the high-precision direct-current power supply, clicking to operate, and enabling the power supply to start excitation (or demagnetization) operation.
And 4, step 4: and 3, operating the acquisition and calculation analysis system to start acquiring the output data of the detection coil.
And 5: the acquisition, calculation and analysis system acquires the output data of the detection coil and performs high-pass filtering to obtain the direct current component U of the induced voltage output of the detection coil 0 Calculating and analyzing system to calculate and analyze U 0 And dividing the signal by ak to obtain the coil parameter NS of the detection coil to be calibrated, and displaying the coil parameter NS on the system.
In summary, according to the method for calibrating the detection coil, the magnetic field intensity of the known magnet and the power supply current thereof form a strict linear relationship, the output current of the power supply is designed to rapidly rise or fall at a fixed rate, and the output voltage of the detection coil is measured, so that the parameters of the detection coil can be calculated, and the accurate calibration and calibration of the detection coil can be realized. Compared with the prior calibration and calibration method, a complex motor driving and supporting mechanism needs to be designed, and the detection coil can do uniform motion in a magnetic field by controlling the motor, the rapid rise or fall of the output current of the programmed control direct current power supply designed in the invention is easier to realize, and the current rise and fall speed can be very accurate compared with the speed of the coil doing uniform motion in the prior art; in addition, in the existing calibration and calibration method, a uniform magnetic field is required to be in a motion area of a detection coil, the larger the area of the coil motion is (the larger the output voltage of the detection coil to be measured is, the more accurate the measurement result is, the more the uniform motion speed of the coil is increased, and correspondingly, the larger the area of the coil motion is), the larger the area of the uniform magnetic field is required to be, the fact that the uniform magnetic field of a large area is difficult to realize is known, and the magnetic field strength which is manually designed at present is in gradient distribution in a spatial range, which inevitably affects the accuracy of the measurement result.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A detection coil calibration device is characterized in that: the device comprises a direct current power supply, a magnet, a detection coil and an acquisition, calculation and analysis system, wherein the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected to two ends of the magnet and can output direct current to supply power to the magnet;
the method is characterized in that:
the device also comprises a coil support, wherein the coil support comprises a cylinder and a coil tray, a calibrated detection coil is arranged on the coil tray, the detection coil is just positioned at the center of the magnetic field of the magnet, and two ends of the detection coil are connected to the input end of the acquisition and calculation analysis system through coaxial cables;
the magnet is a resistance magnet or a superconducting magnet, and consists of an internal conductive coil and an external container, and a room temperature aperture is arranged in the middle of the magnet.
2. The calibration device for the detection coil according to claim 1, wherein:
the coil support is made of a non-magnetic conductive material and comprises a cylinder and a coil tray, one end of the cylinder is fixed on the ground, the coil tray is fixed at the other end of the cylinder, and a detection coil is arranged on the coil tray.
3. The calibration device for the detection coil according to claim 1, wherein:
the length of the bracket is just enough to enable the detection coil to be arranged at the magnetic field center position of the magnet when the detection coil is calibrated.
4. The calibration device for the detection coil according to claim 1, wherein:
the support is of a telescopic structure and is adjustable in length.
5. The calibration device for the detection coil according to claim 1, wherein:
the detection coil is calibrated equipment and is formed by winding N turns of coils, N is larger than or equal to 1, the detection coil is fixed on a coil tray of the bracket, two ends of the detection coil are connected to one end of a coaxial cable, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected to the input end of the acquisition and calculation analysis system.
6. The calibration device for the detection coil according to claim 1, wherein: the acquisition, calculation and analysis system comprises a data acquisition card, a digital filter, a coil parameter calculation and result display device and a processor, wherein the input of the data acquisition card is connected with the output of the coaxial cable and is used for acquiring and detecting an induced voltage signal generated on the measuring coil, and the sampling rate of the data acquisition card meets the requirement of the nyquist sampling theorem;
the digital filter is used for filtering the induced voltage signal output by the detection coil by using a software program and filtering alternating current signals except direct current components;
and the coil parameter calculation and result display unit calculates and processes the output data of the digital filter in real time to obtain a calculation result of the coil parameter NS, and displays the calculation result.
7. A method of calibrating a detection coil using a detection coil calibration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1: preparing preparation work before calibration;
step 2: the collection and calculation analysis system is started to operate, and a magnet coefficient a (T/A) of a magnet used for the calibration and the current rise rate or the current fall rate k of a power supply to be adopted are input;
and step 3: setting a current target value, a current rising rate or a current falling rate of the direct-current power supply, clicking 'operation', and enabling the power supply to start excitation or demagnetization operation;
and 4, step 4: next, operating an acquisition and computational analysis system to start acquiring output data of the detection coil;
and 5: the acquisition, calculation and analysis system acquires the direct current component U output by the induced voltage generated by the detection coil after acquiring and high-pass filtering the output data of the detection coil 0 Calculating and analyzing system to calculate and analyze U 0 And dividing the signal by ak to obtain the coil parameter NS of the detection coil to be calibrated, and displaying the coil parameter NS on the system.
8. The calibration method of the detection coil according to claim 7, wherein: step 1: the preparation work before calibration is done, the concrete steps are as follows,
connecting the positive and negative output ends of a direct current power supply to the current input end of the magnet to be used;
installing and fixing a detection coil to be calibrated on a coil tray of a bracket, connecting two ends of the detection coil to one end of a coaxial cable, adjusting the length of the bracket, and placing the detection coil at the center of a magnetic field of a magnet;
and connecting the other end of the coaxial cable to the input end of a data acquisition card in the acquisition and computational analysis system.
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