CN115612918A - Ferritic stainless steel with high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ferritic stainless steel with high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115612918A
CN115612918A CN202210877603.4A CN202210877603A CN115612918A CN 115612918 A CN115612918 A CN 115612918A CN 202210877603 A CN202210877603 A CN 202210877603A CN 115612918 A CN115612918 A CN 115612918A
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stainless steel
ferritic stainless
high temperature
temperature
rolling
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张志霞
毕洪运
林明
张波
许海刚
袁龙
顾宏杰
杜伟
李实�
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Ningbo Baoxin Stainless Steel Co Ltd
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Ningbo Baoxin Stainless Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a ferritic stainless steel with high-temperature performance, which is characterized in that: the stainless steel comprises, by mass, 0.015% of C, si:0.2 to 0.5%, mn:0.2 to 0.5%, cr: 18-23%, N <0.015%, P <0.04%, S <0.01%, ti:0.1 to 0.5%, nb:0.4 to 0.6%, mo:0.9 to 1.5%, al:0.005 to 0.05%, cu:0.1 to 0.5%, V:0.05 to 0.15%, sn: 0.03-0.1%, ni less than or equal to 0.6%, B: 0.0001-0.005%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. By adding Mo and Sn into the stainless steel, the strength of a base material is improved, the stability of an oxidation film is increased, the high-temperature tensile strength and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the stainless steel are improved, compared with the existing 441 stainless steel, the high-temperature strength and the oxidation resistance are higher, the requirement of a user can be met when the stainless steel is used at 980-1020 ℃, meanwhile, compared with the austenitic stainless steel, the cost is low, the cost performance is high, and the resource saving can be realized.

Description

Ferritic stainless steel with high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel, and particularly relates to ferritic stainless steel with high-temperature performance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-temperature resistant stainless steel is used in high-temperature service environments, such as the fields of automobiles, atomic energy, aerospace, aviation, petrochemical industry and the like. High temperature resistant stainless steels can be classified into austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, and duplex stainless steels. The austenitic stainless steel has good high-temperature oxidation resistance, high-temperature strength and good toughness, but has higher cost. Ferritic stainless steel has low cost and small thermal expansion coefficient, and is more and more favored by users. In the field of automobiles, the emission standard of automobile exhaust is becoming stricter, the requirement on the limit value of the emission of the exhaust is higher, meanwhile, the temperature of an engine is continuously increased, the current maximum use temperature of the six automobiles in China is increased to 980 ℃, and the temperature can be more than 1000 ℃ in the future. At present, 441 ferritic stainless steel is mostly used, the use temperature is generally not more than 950 ℃ and higher than 950 ℃, and the high-temperature tensile strength and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the 441 ferritic stainless steel cannot meet the requirements of users; the austenitic stainless steel 1.4828 has been applied to high-temperature end parts of an exhaust system abroad, but contains 12% of nickel, has higher cost and high C emission in the production process of products.
Therefore, further improvement is required for the high temperature tensile strength and the high temperature oxidation resistance of the existing ferritic stainless steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a ferritic stainless steel with high temperature performance, excellent high temperature tensile strength and high temperature oxidation resistance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: a ferritic stainless steel having high temperature properties, characterized by: the stainless steel comprises, by mass, 0.015% of C, si:0.2 to 0.5%, mn:0.2 to 0.5%, cr: 18-23%, N <0.015%, P <0.04%, S <0.01%, ti:0.1 to 0.5%, nb:0.4 to 0.6%, mo:0.9 to 1.5%, al:0.005 to 0.05%, cu:0.1 to 0.5%, V:0.05 to 0.15%, sn: 0.03-0.1%, ni less than or equal to 0.6%, B: 0.0001-0.005%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
C: carbon is dissolved in steel to improve the strength of the steel, but the carbon content is controlled to 0.015% or less because the strength is lowered after precipitation of carbide and the heat strength is lowered as the carbon content increases.
Mn: too high a manganese content impairs the oxidation resistance and lowers the creep limit, the manganese content being less than 0.5% in the invention.
Si: silicon inhibits the precipitation of carbide in the ferritic stainless steel, increases the oxidation resistance of the steel to a certain extent, and in order to avoid high-temperature brittleness, the silicon content is 0.2-0.5%.
P, S: phosphorus and sulfur are considered harmful elements in stainless steel, and the lower the amount should be controlled, the better.
Cr: chromium is the most important alloy element in stainless steel, is one of the main alloy elements for resisting high temperature oxidation and high temperature corrosion in stainless steel, improves the strength of the steel, and forms Cr 2 O 3 The compact oxidation film hinders the diffusion of oxygen and metal ions, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the steel and taking the performance and the cost into consideration, and the chromium content is 18-23 percent in the invention.
N: the solubility of nitrogen in ferritic stainless steel is limited, and the nitrogen content is controlled to be less than 0.015% in order to reduce the formation of a large amount of nitrides.
Mo: molybdenum is used primarily for oxidation and corrosion resistance in stainless steels. Molybdenum exists in stainless steel, so that the compactness of a surface film layer can be improved, and the rapid oxidation of the lower surface of the stainless steel in a high-temperature service state is hindered. And simultaneously, the high-temperature strength of the steel can be improved. The content of molybdenum in the invention is controlled between 0.9 and 1.5 percent.
Nb: niobium exists as precipitates in ferritic stainless steel, and dissolves at high temperatures to replace solid solution atoms, thereby improving the room-temperature strength and high-temperature strength of the steel. The niobium content is controlled to be 0.4-0.6%.
Ti: a small amount of titanium improves the weldability of the ferritic stainless steel, and precipitates of the Ti can refine the structures of a matrix and a welding part and have higher weld joint strength at high temperature. The titanium content is controlled to be 0.1-0.5 percent.
Al: aluminum is one of the preferable elements for purifying the steel quality, and the adding amount is controlled within the range of 0.005-0.05%.
Cu: the addition amount of the copper element is controlled within the range of 0.1 to 0.5% in order to balance the formability and hot workability.
V: the vanadium element can improve the strength of the ferritic stainless steel, improve the property of inclusions and is beneficial to the formability of the ferritic stainless steel. The addition amount of the vanadium element is not excessive, otherwise, the quality of the steel is deteriorated, so the addition amount of the vanadium element is controlled within the range of 0.05-0.15%.
Sn: the tin oxide formed on the surface of the stainless steel can improve the stability of the surface film layer and prevent the surface film layer from being continuously damaged, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the ferritic stainless steel. The tin content is controlled to be in the range of 0.03 to 0.1% without affecting the workability.
Ni: the moderate nickel content reduces the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the casting blank, and the problems of cracking and the like are not easy to occur in the polishing and conveying process of the casting blank. The upper limit of the nickel content of the patent is 0.5%.
B: the boron element can improve the grain boundary property of the steel, is beneficial to reducing the segregation of the element in the grain boundary and improves the uniformity of the material. The content of boron element is controlled between 0.0001 and 0.005 percent.
Preferably, the addition amounts of Nb and Ti satisfy: the ratio of Nb to Ti to C to N is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 30. In order to improve the use strength at high temperature, the invention simultaneously adds Nb and Ti elements and simultaneously satisfies the relational expression of (Nb + Ti)/(C + N) of more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 30. The addition of Nb can form carbonitride to improve the strength and high-temperature strength of the steel and improve the structural stability at high temperature. The Ti precipitates can refine the microstructure and improve the distribution of Nb precipitates, and simultaneously improve the strength. Too much addition of Nb and Ti results in an increase in cost.
Preferably, the addition amounts of Cr, mo and Sn satisfy: 21.5 or more of Cr, mo and Sn or less than 24.Cr, mo and Sn elements are added in a synergistic manner, a compact surface film layer can be formed, the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the steel is improved, the rapid damage of the film layer is prevented, and the excessive addition of the Cr, mo and Sn elements can increase the cost and put higher requirements on production and processing.
Preferably, the stainless steel is made of ferrite, nano-scale Nb (CN) particles are precipitated in the ferrite, the surface of the ferrite is covered with a dense passive film, and the matrix of the passive film is Cr 2 O 3 And tin oxide and molybdenum oxide are distributed on the substrate.
Preferably, the size of the Nb (CN) particles is 100 to 400nm, and the amount of Nb (CN) particles deposited is 0.01 to 0.5% of the ferrite volume content.
Preferably, the thickness of the passivation film is 3 to 15nm, and the atomic ratio of Sn to Mo in the passivation film is 0.5 to 2.5% in total.
Preferably, the stainless steel has the oxidation weight gain of 50g/m at the service temperature of 980-1020 DEG C 2 The tensile strength reaches more than 25 MPa.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of ferritic stainless steel with high temperature performance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the second technical problem is as follows: a preparation method of ferritic stainless steel with high temperature performance is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) Smelting and forging: smelting the components in a vacuum induction furnace according to the required components, obtaining a casting blank through die casting, cooling the casting blank, heating the casting blank along with the furnace to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 100-120 min, keeping the initial forging temperature not lower than 1150 ℃, keeping the final forging temperature higher than 920 ℃, and cooling the casting blank by water after forging;
2) Hot rolling and intermediate annealing: removing oxide skin of the forged blank, then carrying out hot rolling, heating and preserving heat at 1150-1250 ℃ for 1-2 h, then starting rolling, controlling the initial rolling temperature to be higher than 1120 ℃, controlling the final rolling temperature to be higher than 920 ℃, and carrying out water cooling after rolling; carrying out intermediate annealing treatment after hot rolling, wherein the annealing temperature is 1010-1050 ℃;
3) Cold rolling: after acid cleaning, cold rolling processing is carried out, and the cold rolling reduction rate is 60-85%;
4) Annealing of a finished product: the annealing temperature is 1010-1050 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-5 min.
Preferably, the stainless steel has a grain size of 6 to 8 grades and a roughness Ra of 0.10 to 0.50 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: by adding Mo and Sn into the stainless steel, the strength of a base material is improved, the stability of an oxidation film is increased, the high-temperature tensile strength and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the stainless steel are improved, compared with the existing 441 stainless steel, the high-temperature strength and the oxidation resistance are higher, the requirement of a user can be met when the stainless steel is used at 980-1020 ℃, meanwhile, compared with the austenitic stainless steel, the cost is low, the cost performance is high, and the resource saving can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a metallographic structure of a sample of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a SEM photograph of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The present invention provides 6 examples and 2 comparative examples, the compositions of which are shown in Table 1.
The embodiment adopts the preparation method of the ferritic stainless steel with high temperature performance, and the preparation steps are as follows:
1) Smelting and forging: smelting the components in a vacuum induction furnace according to the required components, obtaining a casting blank through die casting, cooling the casting blank, heating the casting blank along with the furnace to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 100-120 min, forging the casting blank into a square blank with the thickness of 30mm at the initial forging temperature of not less than 1150 ℃ and the final forging temperature of more than 920 ℃, and cooling the square blank by water after forging;
2) Hot rolling and intermediate annealing: removing oxide skin of the forged blank, then carrying out hot rolling, heating and preserving heat at 1150-1250 ℃ for 1-2 h, then starting rolling, controlling the initial rolling temperature to be higher than 1120 ℃, controlling the final rolling temperature to be higher than 920 ℃, rolling to 4.0-6.0 mm, and cooling by water after rolling; after hot rolling, intermediate annealing treatment is carried out, wherein the annealing temperature is 1010-1050 ℃;
3) Cold rolling: carrying out cold rolling processing after acid cleaning, and then rolling to 1.0-2.5 mm;
4) Annealing of a finished product: the annealing temperature is 1010-1050 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-5 min. The surface roughness Ra of the obtained steel sheet is 0.10 to 0.50 μm. The specific key parameters are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1 was 441 stainless steel (022 Cr18 NbTi).
Comparative example 2 is 1.4828 austenitic stainless steel (X15 CrNiSi 20-12).
In example 1, the metallographic structure is as shown in fig. 1, the matrix structure is ferrite, and the grain size is about 7 th order. As shown in fig. 2, white particles of Nb (CN) of a nanometer order, which were precipitated on the ferrite, were 100 to 400nm in size, and the amount of Nb (CN) particles precipitated was 0.05% by volume of the ferrite by content measurement.
The obtained passive film of the example was examined, the matrix of which was Cr 2 O 3 And tin oxide and molybdenum oxide are distributed on the substrate. The thickness of the passive film is 3-15 nm, and the atomic ratio of Sn and Mo in the passive film is 0.5-2.5%.
The examples and comparative examples were sampled and tested for high temperature mechanical properties. The testing instrument is INSTRON5982, and the test is executed according to GB/T4338-2006. The test temperature was 1020 ℃. The measured high temperature strengths are listed in table 3. The high-temperature strength of the stainless steel of the invention at 1020 ℃ is superior to that of 441 stainless steel, reaches more than 25MPa, and can meet the use requirements of users.
The oxidation resistance tests of the examples and the comparative examples are carried out according to GB/T13303-91, the sample is 30 x 10mm, the temperature is kept for 100 hours in the atmosphere of 1020 ℃, after the temperature is kept, the sample is taken out of a hearth, a crucible cover is added for natural cooling, the sample is weighed after being cooled to the room temperature, the oxidation weight gain and the oxidation rate of the sample are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4. The smaller the oxidation weight gain, the lower the oxidation rate and the better the oxidation resistance, and the oxidation resistance of the stainless steel of the invention is obviously superior to 441 and is close to 1.4828 austenitic stainless steel.
TABLE 1 chemical composition/wt% of examples and comparative examples
Figure RE-GDA0003979645370000051
TABLE 2 control of key preparation parameters of the examples
Figure RE-GDA0003979645370000061
TABLE 3 high-temperature mechanical properties of examples and comparative examples
Figure RE-GDA0003979645370000062
TABLE 4 high-temperature oxidation resistance of examples and comparative examples
Figure RE-GDA0003979645370000071

Claims (9)

1. A ferritic stainless steel having high temperature properties, characterized by: the stainless steel comprises, by mass, 0.015% of C, si:0.2 to 0.5%, mn:0.2 to 0.5%, cr: 18-23%, N <0.015%, P <0.04%, S <0.01%, ti:0.1 to 0.5%, nb:0.4 to 0.6%, mo:0.9 to 1.5%, al:0.005 to 0.05%, cu:0.1 to 0.5%, V:0.05 to 0.15%, sn: 0.03-0.1%, ni less than or equal to 0.6%, B: 0.0001-0.005%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. Ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the addition amounts of Nb and Ti satisfy: the ratio of (Nb + Ti)/(C + N) is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 30.
3. Ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the addition amounts of Cr, mo and Sn satisfy: 21.5 or more Cr + Mo + Sn or less than 24.
4. Ferrite with high temperature properties according to claim 1Stainless steel, its characterized in that: the stainless steel has ferrite as base material with nanometer Nb (CN) particle separated out, dense passive film covering the ferrite surface and Cr as the matrix 2 O 3 And tin oxide and molybdenum oxide are distributed on the substrate.
5. Ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to claim 4 characterized in that: the size of the Nb (CN) particles is 100-400nm, and the precipitation amount of the Nb (CN) particles accounts for 0.01-0.5% of the volume content of the ferrite.
6. Ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to claim 4 characterized in that: the thickness of the passive film is 3-15 nm, and the atomic ratio of Sn and Mo in the passive film is 0.5-2.5% in total.
7. Ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the oxidation weight gain of the stainless steel is 50g/m at the service temperature of 980-1020 DEG C 2 The tensile strength reaches more than 25 MPa.
8. A method of manufacturing a ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) Smelting and forging: smelting the components in a vacuum induction furnace according to the required components, obtaining a casting blank through die casting, cooling the casting blank, heating the casting blank along with the furnace to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 100-120 min, keeping the initial forging temperature not lower than 1150 ℃, keeping the final forging temperature higher than 920 ℃, and cooling the casting blank by water after forging;
2) Hot rolling and intermediate annealing: removing oxide skin of the forged blank, then carrying out hot rolling, heating and preserving heat at 1150-1250 ℃ for 1-2 h, then starting rolling, controlling the initial rolling temperature to be higher than 1120 ℃, controlling the final rolling temperature to be higher than 920 ℃, and carrying out water cooling after rolling; after hot rolling, intermediate annealing treatment is carried out, wherein the annealing temperature is 1010-1050 ℃;
3) Cold rolling: after acid cleaning, cold rolling processing is carried out, and the cold rolling reduction rate is 60-85%;
4) Annealing of a finished product: the annealing temperature is 1010-1050 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-5 min.
9. Ferritic stainless steel with high temperature properties according to claim 8, characterized in that: the grain size grade of the stainless steel reaches 6-8 grades, and the roughness Ra is 0.10-0.50 mu m.
CN202210877603.4A 2022-07-25 2022-07-25 Ferritic stainless steel with high-temperature performance and preparation method thereof Pending CN115612918A (en)

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