CN115611717B - Preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde - Google Patents

Preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde Download PDF

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CN115611717B
CN115611717B CN202211357870.5A CN202211357870A CN115611717B CN 115611717 B CN115611717 B CN 115611717B CN 202211357870 A CN202211357870 A CN 202211357870A CN 115611717 B CN115611717 B CN 115611717B
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dichlorofluorobenzene
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chloride
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CN115611717A (en
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杨建华
袁云龙
何立
顾竞
李晓亮
赵姗姗
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Shanghai Wanshou Pharmaceutical Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/63—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/10—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
    • C07C17/14—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms in the side-chain of aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
    • C07C17/32—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by introduction of halogenated alkyl groups into ring compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/42—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrolysis
    • C07C45/43—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrolysis of >CX2 groups, X being halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
    • C07C47/52—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings
    • C07C47/55—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing halogen

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde, which comprises the following steps: 1) Chloromethylating the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula I to obtain chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II; 2) Carrying out chlorination reaction on the chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II provided in the step 1) to obtain dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II'; 3) Carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl and shown in the formula II' provided in the step 2) to obtain the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III; 4) And (3) carrying out fluorination reaction on the formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III and provided in the step (2) to obtain the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV. The method has the advantages of short reaction route, high conversion rate and general applicability.

Description

Preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde.
Background
Trifluoro benzaldehyde is an important fine chemical intermediate and can be used for synthesizing various medical liquid crystal materials. For example, 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzaldehyde can be used for synthesizing sitagliptin as a antihypertensive drug, 2,4, 6-trifluorobenzaldehyde can be used for synthesizing a drug Bicteravir for treating HIV developed by Ji Lide company, and 2,3, 4-trifluorobenzaldehyde can be used for synthesizing various 2,3, 4-trifluorodiphenylacetylene liquid crystal compounds, and can also be used for synthesizing widely used sand-star antibiotics of quinolone antibacterial drugs such as ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin and the like. In the prior art, the preparation of the trifluorobenzaldehyde has the defects of long reaction route, low conversion rate and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing polyfluorobenzaldehyde, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a polyfluorobenzaldehyde represented by formula IV, comprising the steps of:
1) Chloromethylation reaction is carried out on the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula I to obtain chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II,
Wherein one of R 1、R2、R3 is fluorine and the rest is hydrogen;
2) Carrying out chlorination reaction on the chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II provided in the step 1) to obtain dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II';
3) Carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl and shown in the formula II' provided in the step 2) to obtain the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III;
4) Carrying out fluorination reaction on formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III and provided in the step 3) to obtain polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV;
The invention also provides a polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a brand-new preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde, which adopts easily-purchased chemical raw materials, adopts a short reaction route, is subjected to a series of green, environment-friendly and safe reaction processes, has good reaction positioning property, is safe, simple and easy to operate, has less three wastes, has high conversion rate and has universal applicability.
Detailed Description
The inventor of the present invention has provided a preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde as shown in formula IV through chloromethylation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, fluorination reaction, the invention obtains a brand new preparation process, and improves operability and safety of large-scale production, and the invention is completed on the basis.
Wherein one of R 1、R2、R3 is fluorine and the rest is hydrogen.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a polyfluorobenzaldehyde represented by formula IV, comprising the steps of:
1) Chloromethylation reaction is carried out on the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula I to obtain chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II,
Wherein one of R 1、R2、R3 is fluorine and the rest is hydrogen;
2) The chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II provided in the step 1) is subjected to chlorination reaction to obtain the dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II',
3) Carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl and shown in the formula II' provided in the step 2) to obtain the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III;
4) Carrying out fluorination reaction on formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III and provided in the step 3) to obtain polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV;
In one embodiment of the present invention, when R 1 is fluorine and R 2、R3 is hydrogen, the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by formula I is 2, 6-Dichlorofluorobenzene, wherein chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II is2, 6-Dichloro-3-chloromethylfluorobenzene (also referred to as 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzyl chloride), which is a dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by the formula II2, 4-Dichloro-3-fluorodichlorobenzene (also known as 1, 3-dichloro-4-dichloromethyl-2-fluorobenzene). The formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III is2, 6-Dichloro-3-formylfluorobenzene (also referred to as 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzaldehyde), the polyfluorobenzaldehyde represented by formula IV is2,3, 4-Trifluorobenzaldehyde;
In another embodiment of the present invention, when R 2 is fluorine and R1 2、R3 is hydrogen, the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by formula I is 2, 4-Dichlorofluorobenzene, wherein chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II is2, 4-Dichloro-5-chloromethylfluorobenzene (also referred to as 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzyl chloride), which is a dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by the formula II2, 4-Dichloro-5-fluorodichlorobenzene. The formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III is2, 4-Dichloro-5-formylfluorobenzene (also referred to as 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzaldehyde) which is a polyfluorobenzaldehyde represented by the formula IV2,4, 5-Trifluorobenzaldehyde.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, when R 3 is fluorine and R 1、R2 is hydrogen, the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula I is3, 5-Dichlorofluorobenzene, wherein chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II is3, 5-Dichloro-2-chloromethylfluorobenzene (also referred to as 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzyl chloride), which is a dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by the formula II2, 4-Dichloro-6-fluorodichlorobenzene, wherein the formyl-substituted dichlorobenzene represented by formula III is3, 5-Dichloro-2-formylfluorobenzene (also referred to as 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde), the polyfluorobenzaldehyde represented by formula IV is2,4, 6-Trifluorobenzaldehyde.
In the preparation method of the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV, step 1) is to carry out chloromethylation reaction on substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula I to obtain chloromethyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula II;
wherein one of R 1、R2、R3 is fluorine and the rest is hydrogen.
In step 1) of the present invention, the chloromethylation reaction is carried out in the presence of paraformaldehyde. The molar ratio of paraformaldehyde to substituted dichlorobenzene of formula I may be, for example, 1-5:1, 1-1.2:1, 1.2-2:1, or 2-5:1, etc. in some embodiments, the molar ratio of paraformaldehyde to substituted dichlorobenzene of formula I is preferably 1.2-2:1.
In step 1) of the present invention, the chloromethylation reaction is usually carried out at a temperature and for a time. For example, the chloromethylation reaction temperature may be, for example, 10 to 80 ℃, 10 to 20 ℃, 20 to 50 ℃, or 50 to 80 ℃. Preferably, the chloromethylation reaction temperature may be, for example, from 20 to 50 ℃. The chloromethylation reaction time is 2-10 hours.
In step 1) of the present invention, the chloromethylation reaction is carried out in the presence of a chlorinating agent selected from hydrogen chloride gas and/or chlorosulfonic acid, etc. In some embodiments, the chlorinating reagent can be used in an amount such as to provide a molar ratio of 0.9 to 4 to the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula I: 1. 0.9-1.5: 1. 1.5-2.5: 1. or 2.5-4:1, etc. Further, when the chlorinating agent is selected from hydrogen chloride, the chloromethylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid selected from sulfuric acid.
In the step 1), chloromethylation reaction is carried out under the condition of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is selected from one or a combination of more of anhydrous zinc chloride, zinc chloride hexahydrate and tetramethyl ammonium chloride. The molar ratio of catalyst to substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula I may be from 0.01 to 0.1: 1. 0.01-0.02: 1. 0.02-0.05:1. or 0.05-0.1:1, etc. The molar ratio of catalyst to substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula I is preferably 0.02-0.05:1.
In the preparation method of the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV, the step 2) is to carry out chlorination reaction on chloromethyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula II provided in the step 1) to obtain dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II',
In step 2), the chlorination reaction is carried out in the presence of chlorine. The chlorination reaction can be carried out by photoinitiation, wherein the reaction temperature can be 30-60deg.C, 30-40deg.C, 40-50deg.C, or 50-60deg.C. The chlorination reaction can also be carried out by adopting a thermal initiation method, and the reaction temperature can be 70-100 ℃, 70-80 ℃, 80-90 ℃, 90-100 ℃ or the like when the chlorination reaction is initiated thermally. The chlorination reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst AIBN or BPO, wherein the dosage of the catalyst is 1 to 1 per mill, 1 to 5 per mill, 5 to 1 per mill, and the like of the weight of chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II. The chlorination reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent, and can be carried out in the absence of a solvent by one or more selected from benzotrifluoride, para-chlorotrifluorotoluene, nitrobenzene, 3, 4-dichloro benzotrifluoride, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, dichloroethane and the like; the solvent is used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 times, 0.5 to 1 times, 1 to 3 times, 3 to 5 times, 5 to 8 times, or 8 to 10 times the weight of chloromethyl-substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula II. In the chlorination reaction, the content of the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl group shown in the formula II 'is detected by GC, and when the content of the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl group shown in the formula II' is detected to be close to 50%, for example, the content is 45-55%, or the content is 48-52%, the reaction can be stopped, and the post-treatment can be performed. The system can be cooled to room temperature, nitrogen is introduced to blow out residual chlorine, then the system is distilled, and chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in a formula II obtained by separation can be used for recycling; continuously separating and collecting to obtain dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by dichloromethyl shown in a formula II'; the residual bottom material is discarded. When the content of the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl shown in the formula II' is detected to be lower than 45% by GC in the chlorination reaction, the chlorination reaction is insufficient, and the conversion rate is low; when the content of the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl group shown in the formula II ' is higher than 55%, over-chlorinated compound II ' with the concentration of more than 3% is generated in the reaction system, and the compound II ' can cause difficulty in separating and purifying the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl group shown in the formula II ', and remains in the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl group shown in the formula II ' to further influence the purity of subsequent products.
In the preparation method of the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV, the step 3) is to carry out hydrolysis reaction on the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl shown in the formula II' provided in the step 2) to obtain the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the formyl shown in the formula III;
in the step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of a zinc reagent selected from one or more of zinc chloride, zinc acetate and zinc acetate dihydrate. In step 3), the molar ratio of the zinc reagent to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula II' may be 0.02-1: 1. 0.02-0.03: 1. 0.03-0.08:1. 0.08 to 0.1: 1. 0.1-1:1, etc. Preferably, the molar ratio of the zinc reagent to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula II' is 0.03-0.08:1.
In the step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of water, and the molar ratio of the water to the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl shown in the formula II' is 0.9-2: 1. 0.9-1: 1. 1-1.5:1 or 1.5-2:1, etc. Preferably, the molar ratio of the water to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula II' is 1-1.5:1.
In the step 3) of the invention, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of formic acid, and the molar ratio of the using amount of the formic acid to the dichloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown as II' is 3-10: 1. 3-4: 1. 4-6:1. or 6-10:1, etc. Preferably, the molar ratio of the formic acid to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by the formula II' is 4-6:1.
In step 3) of the present invention, it is usually necessary to conduct the hydrolysis reaction at a temperature of 100 to 150 ℃, 100 to 115 ℃, 115 to 135 ℃, 135 to 150 ℃ or the like. Preferably, the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is 115-135 ℃. The reaction time may be, for example, 3 to 10 hours, 3 to 5 hours, 5 to 8 hours, 8 to 10 hours, or the like.
In step 3) of the present invention, the hydrolysis reaction may be performed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst selected from one or more of tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium bisulfate, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, polyethylene glycol, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. In some embodiments, the phase transfer catalyst may be used in an amount to provide a molar ratio of 0.05 to 0.3 of the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula II': 1. 0.05-0.1: 1. 0.1-0.15: 1. 0.15-0.2: 1. 0.2-0.25: 1. or 0.25-0.3:1, etc.
In the step 3) of the present invention, the hydrolysis reaction is performed under inert gas protection. The inert gas may be, for example, one or more combinations of nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton, and the like.
In the preparation method of the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV, the formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III provided in the step 4) is subjected to a fluorination reaction to obtain the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV;
In the step 4), the fluorination reaction is carried out under inert gas atmosphere; the inert gas may be, for example, one or more of nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton.
In the step 4), the fluorination reaction further comprises potassium fluoride; the molar ratio of potassium fluoride to formyl-substituted dichlorobenzene of formula III may be from 2 to 5: 1. 2-3: 1. 4-5: 1. or 4-5:1, etc.
In step 4) of the present invention, the fluorination reaction is usually carried out at a temperature of 100 to 180 ℃, 100 to 120 ℃, 120 to 150 ℃, 150 to 180 ℃, or the like.
In the step 4), the fluorination reaction further comprises a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from one or more of tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium bisulfate, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, polyethylene glycol, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride, trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, crown ether and PEG. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the formyl-substituted dichlorobenzene of formula III may be from 0.001 to 0.1: 1. 0.001-0.01: 1. 0.01-0.05: 1. or 0.05-0.1:1, etc.
In step 4) of the present invention, a solvent selected from an organic solvent selected from one or more of 1, 3-dimethylimidazolidinone, 1, 3-dimethyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone, DMAc, DMF, DMSO, NMP, sulfolane, MIBK, imidazolidinone, and the like is further included. In some embodiments, the solvent is 0.5-10 times, 0.5-3 times, 3-8 times, 8-10 times, 0.5-2 times, 2-5 times, 5-8 times, 8-10 times, etc. the weight of the formyl-substituted dichlorobenzene of formula III.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a polyfluorobenzaldehyde represented by formula IV, which is prepared by the preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In summary, the invention provides a brand-new preparation method of polyfluorobenzaldehyde, which adopts easily-purchased chemical raw materials, adopts a short reaction route, and has the advantages of good reaction positioning property, safe and simple reaction, easy operation, less three wastes, high conversion rate and general applicability through a series of green, environment-friendly and safe reaction processes.
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that the process equipment or devices not specifically identified in the examples below are all conventional in the art.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that the reference to one or more method steps in this disclosure does not exclude the presence of other method steps before or after the combination step or the insertion of other method steps between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless otherwise indicated; it should also be understood that the combined connection between one or more devices/means mentioned in the present invention does not exclude that other devices/means may also be present before and after the combined device/means or that other devices/means may also be interposed between these two explicitly mentioned devices/means, unless otherwise indicated. Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the method steps is merely a convenient tool for identifying the method steps and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of the method steps or to limit the scope of the invention in which the invention may be practiced, as such changes or modifications in their relative relationships may be regarded as within the scope of the invention without substantial modification to the technical matter.
Example 1
1) Chloromethylation reaction
10G of paraformaldehyde, 100g of 77% H 2SO4 and 5g of anhydrous ZnCl 2 are sequentially added into a reaction bottle under the nitrogen atmosphere at 20+/-3 ℃, 165g of 2, 6-dichloro fluorobenzene is added under stirring, and the temperature is raised to 30-35 ℃. The hydrogen chloride gas starts to be introduced. After 1h, the remaining 40g of paraformaldehyde and 400g of 77% H 2SO4 are added in portions. After the reaction is finished, stopping introducing hydrogen chloride gas, cooling to 20+/-3 ℃, standing for separating liquid, washing an upper organic phase with brine, concentrating and rectifying to obtain 186.6g, GC99.92%, and obtaining the yield 87.4％.1H NMR(400MHZ,DMSO-d6)：δ7.624-7.663＝(m,1H,Ar-H),δ＝7.520-7.545(m,1H,Ar-H),δ＝4.872(s,2H,CH2)
2) Chlorination reaction
180G of 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzyl chloride and 100g of dichloroethane are mixed, 1g of catalyst AIBN is added, and the mixture is heated and stirred to 70-80 ℃; slowly introducing chlorine to a saturated system, and detecting that the content of 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorodichlorobenzyl is 49.6% after the reaction is carried out for 16 hours. Cooling to room temperature, purging with nitrogen for 30 minutes, and rectifying to obtain 105.1g of 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzyl chloride and 80g of raw material 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzyl chloride. (yield in chlorination reaction 50.2%, also can calculate a conversion yield, namely recovery of 80g of raw material, conversion yield 90.5%)
1H NMR(400MHZ,DMSO-d6)：δ7.765-7.782＝(m,1H，Ar-H)，δ＝7.638-7.654(m,1H，Ar-H)，δ＝4.877(s,1H，CH)
Example 2
1) Chloromethylation reaction
12G of paraformaldehyde, 100g of 77% H 2SO4 and 9g of zinc chloride hexahydrate are sequentially added into a reaction bottle under the nitrogen atmosphere at 20+/-3 ℃, 165g of 2, 4-dichlorobenzene is added under stirring, and the temperature is raised to 30-35 ℃. The hydrogen chloride gas starts to be introduced. The remaining 48g of paraformaldehyde and 400g of 77% H 2SO4 were added in portions after the reaction had started. After the reaction is finished, stopping introducing hydrogen chloride gas, cooling to 20+/-3 ℃, standing for liquid separation, washing an upper organic phase with brine, concentrating and rectifying to obtain 183.0g, and carrying out GC98.89%, wherein the yield is 85.7%.
1H NMR(400MHZ,DMSO-d6)：δ＝7.872-7.889(d,1H，Ar-H)，δ＝7.766-7.790(d,1H，Ar-H)，δ＝4.802(s,2H，CH2)。
2) Chlorination reaction
180G of 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzyl chloride is added with 1g of catalyst AIBN, heated and stirred to 40-50 ℃; ultraviolet fluorescence is started, chlorine is slowly introduced into a saturated system, and after the reaction is carried out for 20 hours, the content of the 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorodichlorobenzene is detected to be 51.7 percent. Turning off the ultraviolet lamp, cooling to room temperature, purging with nitrogen for 30 minutes, and rectifying to obtain 108.9g of 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzyl chloride and 74g of raw material 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzyl chloride. The raw materials were recovered as above (chlorination yield 52.1%, conversion yield 88.5%).
1H NMR(400MHZ,DMSO-d6)：δ＝7.885-7.901(d,1H,Ar-H)，δ＝7.787-7.808(d,1H,Ar-H)，δ＝4.822(s,1H,CH)
Example 3
1) Chloromethylation reaction
165G of 3, 5-dichlorobenzene and 40g of paraformaldehyde (1.3 eq) are added into a reaction bottle, stirred and cooled to about 20 ℃, 130g of chlorosulfonic acid (1.1 eq) is started to be added dropwise, and the temperature is controlled between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ for stirring and reacting for 2 hours. After the reaction, slowly pouring the reaction solution into ice water under continuous stirring, standing for layering after stirring, wherein the lower layer is a yellow organic phase, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain 179.5g of distilled part, the yield is 84.1%, and the GC detection content is 99.28%.
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ7.509-7.613(m,2H,Ar-H),δ4.807(d,J＝1.2Hz,2H,CH2)。
2) Chlorination reaction
180G of 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzyl chloride is added with 1g of catalyst AIBN, heated and stirred to 40-50 ℃; ultraviolet fluorescence is started, chlorine is slowly introduced into a saturated system, and after the reaction is carried out for 18 hours, GC (gas chromatography) sampling is carried out to detect that the content of 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorodichlorobenzene is 51.2%. Turning off the ultraviolet lamp, cooling to room temperature, purging with nitrogen for 30 minutes, and distilling to obtain 108.3g of 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzyl chloride and 71g of raw material 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzyl chloride. (yield in chlorination reaction 51.8%, conversion yield 85.6%)
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ7.527-7.621(m,2H,Ar-H),δ4.819(d,J＝1.2Hz,1H,CH)
Example 4
Hydrolysis reaction:
171g of 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorodichlorobenzyl and 6g of zinc acetate are added at room temperature (20+/-5 ℃), stirring is started, the oil bath is heated to 120-130 ℃, and water is slowly added dropwise at the temperature. After the reaction, the system is cooled to 25+/-5 ℃, 30g of water is added for washing once, and the lower organic phase is washed to pH 7-8 by using 10% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution. Separating to obtain an organic phase, concentrating and purifying to obtain 120.4g, wherein the GC content is 99.96%, and the yield is 90.4%.
Nuclear magnetism ：1H NMR(400MHZ,CDCl3)：δ＝10.392-10.395(d,J＝0.8Hz,1H,CHO),δ＝7.685-7.709(m,1H,Ar-H),δ＝7.440-7.480(m,1H,Ar-H).
Example 5
Hydrolysis reaction:
171g of 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorodichlorobenzyl and 7g of zinc acetate dihydrate are put into a four-necked flask, when the temperature is raised to more than 130 ℃, water is slowly dripped, the internal temperature is kept to more than 130 ℃, and dripping is completed for about 30 minutes. After stirring for 1 hour, the temperature was lowered to 25℃and 100ml of dichloroethane and 100ml of water were added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring and washing for half an hour. The lower organic phase was separated, distilled under reduced pressure and the distillate was cooled to give 116.3g of a white solid, GC:99.57% yield 87.4%.
Example 6
Hydrolysis reaction:
2, 4-dichloro-5-fluoro-dichlorobenzyl (149 g,0.6mol,1.00 eq) and 3.4g anhydrous zinc chloride (0.041 eq) are put into a reaction bottle at room temperature, stirring is started under the protection of nitrogen, heating is carried out to 125 ℃, water is started to be added dropwise, the temperature is controlled to 125-135 ℃, water is added dropwise, the reaction is very rapid, and the reaction is completed about 2-3 hours. The reaction can be stopped and the temperature is reduced. A vacuum distillation device is set up, the product is distilled out, the product is white crystals, the weight of the product is 98.8g, the GC content is 99.94%, and the yield is 85.3%.
Nuclear magnetism: 1H NMR (DMSO-d 6, 400 MHz): delta 10.226-10.172 (m, 1H, CHO), delta 8.020-7.822 (m, 1H, ar-H), delta 7.794-7.651 (m, 1H, ar-H).
Example 7
Hydrolysis reaction:
2, 4-dichloro-5-fluoro-dichlorobenzyl (149 g,0.6mol,1.00 eq), zinc acetate dihydrate 8g, formic acid 100g, stirring and heating to react to 100 ℃, stopping heating when the raw material is less than or equal to 2%, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding dichloroethane for extraction, washing the dichloroethane phase with water, and distilling to obtain 101.6g of product, 99.28% of GC detection and 87.7% of yield.
Example 8
Hydrolysis reaction:
2, 4-dichloro-6-fluoro-dichlorobenzyl (171 g,0.7mol,1.00 eq) and 3.9g anhydrous zinc chloride (0.041 eq) are put into a four-mouth reaction bottle, and are stirred and heated to 115-125 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, the internal temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 115 ℃, water is slowly added into the system in a dropwise manner, and the reaction is carried out for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 60g of ethyl acetate was added thereto and stirred, then the solvent and water were distilled off, and distillation was continued to obtain 112.9g of white crystals, 99.53 g of GC, yield 83.6%.
Example 9
Hydrolysis reaction:
2, 4-dichloro-6-fluoro-dichlorobenzene (171 g,0.7mol,1.00 eq) was added to the dry reaction vessel under nitrogen protection, 160g formic acid, 6g anhydrous zinc chloride, 1g tetrabutylammonium bromide and heated to 85-95 ℃ for reaction. After about 5 hours of reaction, the temperature is reduced to the temperature of T to 20-30 ℃, 150ml of dichloroethane is added for extraction, the organic phase is separated, washed with water, then NaHCO 3 solution is used for washing until the pH value is neutral, the organic phase is separated, the dichloroethane is removed and distilled to obtain 117.8g of product, the GC detection is 99.64%, and the yield is 87.2%.
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ10.247(s,1H,CHO),δ7.678～7.748(m,2H,Ar-H)。
Example 10
Fluorination reaction
Preparation of 2,3, 4-trifluorobenzaldehyde
80G of potassium fluoride, 3.5g of tetramethyl ammonium chloride and 500g of DMF are sequentially added into a reaction bottle under the protection of nitrogen, reflux is carried out at the stirring temperature of 150-155 ℃, 123g of 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzaldehyde is added in batches, stirring and heating are carried out, and reflux is carried out for 2 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering, directly distilling filtrate to obtain 2,4, 5-trifluoro benzaldehyde, 91.9g of colorless transparent liquid with GC content of 99.01%, yield 90.1％.1H NMR(400MHZ,CDCl3)：δ＝10.284(s,1H,CHO),δ＝7.671-7.729(m,1H,Ar-H),δ＝7.124-7.185(m,1H,Ar-H)
Example 11
Fluorination reaction
Preparation of 2,3, 4-trifluorobenzaldehyde
80G of potassium fluoride, 5.5g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 600g of sulfolane are sequentially added into a reaction bottle under the protection of nitrogen, stirred and heated to 150-155 ℃,2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorobenzaldehyde 123g is added in batches for reaction at 150-155 ℃. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature (20 to 25 ℃ C.), insoluble matters were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was distilled to obtain 92.3g of 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzaldehyde as a colorless transparent liquid having a GC content of 98.78% and a yield of 90.5%.
Example 12
Fluorination reaction
Preparation of 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzaldehyde
80G of potassium fluoride, 3g of tetramethyl ammonium chloride and 500g of DMF are sequentially added into a reaction bottle under the protection of nitrogen, stirred and heated to 150-155 ℃ for reflux, 123g of 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzaldehyde is added in batches, stirred and heated for reflux for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was distilled to obtain 91.6g of 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzaldehyde as a colorless transparent liquid having a GC content of 98.90% and a yield of 89.8%.
1H NMR(DMSO-d6，400MHz):δ10.135(d，1H，CHO)，δ7.912～7.845(m，1H，Ar-H)，δ7.843～7.775(m，1H，Ar-H)
Example 13
Fluorination reaction
Preparation of 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzaldehyde
Under the protection of nitrogen, 90g of potassium fluoride, 5g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 550g of DMF are sequentially added into a reaction bottle, reflux is carried out at the stirring temperature of 150-155 ℃, 123g of 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzaldehyde is added in batches, and the mixture is stirred and heated, and reflux is carried out for 2 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering, carrying out steam distillation on the filtrate to obtain a mixed solution of 2,4, 5-trifluoro benzaldehyde and water, layering to obtain 93.8g of colorless transparent liquid, and drying to obtain 92.5g of product, wherein the GC content is 99.17%, and the yield is 90.7%.
Example 14
Fluorination reaction
Preparation of 2,4, 6-trifluorobenzaldehyde
Under the protection of nitrogen, 80g of potassium fluoride, 5.5g of tetrabutylammonium chloride and 550g of sulfolane are sequentially added into a reaction bottle, the mixture is stirred and heated to 150-155 ℃, 123g of 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde is added in batches, the mixture is stirred and heated, and the mixture is reacted for 2 hours at 150-155 ℃. After the reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtering to remove insoluble matters, adding water into the filtrate for steam distillation to obtain 2,4, 6-trifluoro benzaldehyde, and cooling to obtain 93.1g of white solid with GC content of 98.73% and yield of 91.3%.
1H NMR(DMSO，400MHz):δ10.138(s，1H，CHO)，δ7.439～7.368(m，2H，Ar-H)
Example 15
Fluorination reaction
Preparation of 2,4, 6-trifluorobenzaldehyde
Under the protection of nitrogen, 85g of potassium fluoride, 3.5g of tetramethyl ammonium chloride and 600g of DMF are sequentially added into a reaction bottle, stirred and refluxed, 123g of 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde is added in batches, stirred and heated, and refluxed for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature (25 ℃ C.), filtered, distilled with water and the distillate was cooled to obtain 94.0g of 2,4, 6-trifluorobenzaldehyde with a GC content of 99.31% and a yield of 92.2%.
In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utility value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (12)

1. A method for preparing polyfluorobenzaldehyde as shown in formula IV, comprising:
1) Chloromethylating the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula I to obtain chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II;
wherein one of R 1、R2、R3 is fluorine and the rest is hydrogen;
2) Carrying out chlorination reaction on the chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II provided in the step 1) to obtain dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula II';
In the chlorination reaction, stopping the reaction when the content of the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl shown in the formula II' is detected to be 45-55%;
3) Carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the dichlorofluorobenzene substituted by the dichloromethyl and shown in the formula II' provided in the step 2) to obtain the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III;
4) Carrying out fluorination reaction on formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III and provided in the step 3) to obtain polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in the formula IV;
In the step 4), the temperature of the fluorination reaction is 100-180 ℃;
In the step 4), the fluorination reaction further comprises a catalyst; the catalyst is selected from one or more of tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium bisulfate, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, polyethylene glycol, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride, trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, crown ether and PEG;
in step 4), a solvent is further included, the solvent being selected from an organic solvent selected from one or more of 1, 3-dimethylimidazolidinone, 1, 3-dimethyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone, DMAc, DMF, DMSO, NMP, sulfolane, MIBK, imidazolidinone.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein in step 1) the chloromethylation is carried out in the presence of paraformaldehyde in a molar ratio to substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula I of from 1 to 5:1, a step of;
And/or, in the step 1), the chloromethylation reaction temperature is 10-80 ℃;
And/or, in step 1), the chloromethylation is carried out in the presence of a chlorinating agent selected from hydrogen chloride gas and/or chlorosulfonic acid.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 1), the molar ratio of paraformaldehyde to substituted dichlorobenzene of formula I is from 1.2 to 2:1, a step of;
And/or, in the step 1), the chloromethylation reaction temperature is 20-50 ℃;
And/or, in step 1), the molar ratio of the chlorinating agent to the substituted dichlorobenzene of formula I is 0.9-4:1.
4. A process according to claim 3, wherein in step 1) when the chlorinating agent is selected from hydrogen chloride, the chloromethylation reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid selected from sulfuric acid;
And/or, in the step 1), the chloromethylation reaction is carried out under the condition of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is selected from one or a combination of more of anhydrous zinc chloride, zinc chloride hexahydrate and tetramethyl ammonium chloride.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the chlorination reaction is performed in the presence of chlorine gas;
And/or the chlorination reaction is photo-induced chlorination reaction and/or thermally-induced chlorination reaction;
and/or the chlorination reaction further comprises a catalyst selected from AIBN or BPO;
And/or, the chlorination reaction is carried out under solvent or solvent-free conditions; when the chlorination reaction includes a solvent, the solvent is selected from one or more of benzotrifluoride, p-chlorotrifluorotoluene, nitrobenzene, 3, 4-dichlorobenzotrifluoride, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, dichloroethane.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the temperature of the photoinitiated chlorination reaction is 30-60 ℃; the reaction temperature of the thermal-induced chlorination reaction is 70-100 ℃;
And/or the catalyst is used in an amount of 1-1% by weight of chloromethyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in formula II; and/or the solvent is used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 times by weight of chloromethyl-substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula II.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is performed in the presence of a zinc reagent selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc acetate dihydrate, and combinations of one or more thereof;
and/or, in step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of water;
And/or, in step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of formic acid.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein in step 3) the zinc reagent is used in an amount to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of the formula II' in a molar ratio of 0.02 to 1:1, a step of;
And/or, in step 3), the molar ratio of the water to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene represented by the formula II' is 0.9-2:1, a step of; and/or, in the step 3), the molar ratio of the using amount of the formic acid to the dichloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in II' is 3-10:1, a step of; and/or, in the step 3), the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is 100-150 ℃;
And/or, in step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst selected from one or more of tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium bisulfate, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, polyethylene glycol, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide;
And/or, in the step 3), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out under the protection of inert gas.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 3), the molar ratio of zinc reagent to dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene as indicated in II' is from 0.03 to 0.08:1, a step of;
And/or, in the step 3), the molar ratio of the water to the dichloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in II' is 1-1.5:1, a step of; and/or, in the step 3), the molar ratio of the using amount of the formic acid to the dichloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in II' is 4-6:1, a step of; and/or, in the step 3), the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is 115-135 ℃;
And/or, in step 3), the molar ratio of the use amount of the phase transfer catalyst to the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in II' is 0.05-0.3:1.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the fluorination reaction is performed under an inert gas atmosphere;
And/or, in step 4), potassium fluoride is further included in the fluorination reaction; the molar ratio of the potassium fluoride to the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in the formula III is 2-5:1, a step of;
And/or the weight ratio of the catalyst to the formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III is 0.001-0.1:1, a step of;
And/or the solvent is 0.5-10 times of the weight of the formyl substituted dichlorobenzene shown in the formula III.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the inert gas is selected from one or more of nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton.
12. The process of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein when R 1 is fluorine and R 2、R3 is hydrogen, the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of formula I is 2, 6-dichlorofluorobenzene, the chloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of formula II is 2, 6-dichloro-3-chloromethylfluorobenzene, the dichloromethyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of formula II' is 2, 4-dichloro-3-fluorodichlorobenzene, the formyl-substituted dichlorofluorobenzene of formula III is 2, 6-dichloro-3-formylfluorobenzene, and the polyfluoropenzaldehyde of formula IV is 2,3, 4-trifluorobenzaldehyde;
And/or, when R 2 is fluoro and R1 2、R3 is hydrogen, the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula I is 2, 4-dichlorofluorobenzene, the chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula II is 2, 4-dichloro-5-chloromethylfluorobenzene, the dichloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula II' is 2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorodichlorobenzene, the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula III is 2, 4-dichloro-5-formylfluorobenzene, and the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in formula IV is 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzaldehyde;
And/or, when R 3 is fluorine and R 1、R2 is hydrogen, the substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula I is3, 5-dichlorofluorobenzene, the chloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula II is3, 5-dichloro-2-chloromethylfluorobenzene, the dichloromethyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula II' is 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorodichlorobenzene, the formyl substituted dichlorofluorobenzene shown in formula III is3, 5-dichloro-2-formylfluorobenzene, and the polyfluorobenzaldehyde shown in formula IV is 2,4, 6-trifluorobenzaldehyde.
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