CN115598178B - Infrared detection method and system for building wall hollowing defect - Google Patents
Infrared detection method and system for building wall hollowing defect Download PDFInfo
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- G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws
Abstract
The invention provides an infrared detection method and system for hollowing defects of a building wall, which relate to the technical field of quality detection of building walls, wherein a heating source uniformly heats a first end of the wall, a cooling source uniformly cools a second end of the wall to form temperature differences, the building wall is uniformly divided into a plurality of blocks, the blocks are numbered, infrared heat signals of the building wall are collected through a thermal imaging device to form a thermal image sequence of thermal distribution of the surface of the building wall, temperature differences among different areas of the surface are obtained according to the thermal image sequence, the uniformly-changed temperature differences are extracted to serve as temperature gradients of uniform changes of the wall, and abnormal temperature differences are extracted to serve as characteristic temperature gradients to be identified; calculating the disturbance temperature of the hollowing defect by utilizing the temperature gradient of the wall body which is uniformly changed; and comparing the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified with the disturbance temperature of the empty defect respectively, and identifying the block with the empty defect, so that the area with the empty defect can be accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting the quality of a building wall, in particular to an infrared detection method and an infrared detection system for the hollowing defect of the building wall.
Background
Mortar facing, face bricks and mosaic facing of building walls are all formed by directly bonding facing to the surfaces of the walls by using mortar. Over time, due to environmental effects or construction quality problems, hollowing will occur to varying degrees between the facing layer and the substrate, and become increasingly severe as the winter and summer sections continue to change until the facing material is peeled off, flaked off, or even casualties or property losses occur. Therefore, it is important to detect the hollowing defect of the building wall facing material regularly and grasp the hollowing state of the building wall facing material.
However, the existing detection methods for the hollowing defect of the building wall facing material are not more, and the existing detection methods mainly comprise an infrared thermal imaging detection method, a manual knocking method and an automatic detection method, wherein the manual knocking method and the infrared thermal imaging detection method are used more. The manual knocking has accurate detection results, but the outer facade of the high-rise building needs high-altitude operation, the detection time is long, the efficiency is low, and the working risk of personnel is high. Although the infrared detection method has the characteristics of high efficiency, intuition, rapidness and low cost of manpower and material resources, the measurement result is easily influenced by external factors, such as ambient environment radiation, reflectivity of the outer surface of the wall surface, wall color, shooting angle, too strong radiation intensity and the like, can have great influence on the detection result, and the misjudgment rate is high.
In the prior art, for example, patent document CN112927214a discloses a method, a system and a storage medium for positioning a defect of a building, by collecting multiple frames of visible light images and multiple frames of infrared images of the building, then obtaining collected information when each visible light image and each infrared image are collected, and finally generating a building model according to each visible light image, each infrared image and each collected information, thereby positioning a defect position area of the building through the building model, and intuitively providing a situation that an outer wall layer falls down for a worker. However, the technical scheme needs to collect the visible light image and the infrared image simultaneously, the acquired data and the required imaging device are complex, and the time required for detection is long and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an infrared detection method for building wall hollowing defects, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly dividing a building wall into a plurality of blocks, numbering the blocks, and acquiring infrared heat signals of the building wall through a thermal imaging device to form a thermal image sequence of heat distribution on the surface of the building wall;
s2, acquiring temperature differences among different areas of the surface according to the thermal image sequence, extracting uniformly-changed temperature differences as uniformly-changed temperature gradients of the wall body, and extracting abnormal temperature differences as characteristic temperature gradients to be identified;
s3, calculating the disturbance temperature of the empty defects by using the temperature gradient of the wall body which is uniformly changed;
s4, comparing the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified extracted in the step S2 with the disturbance temperature of the hollowing defect calculated in the step S3, and identifying a block with the hollowing defect.
Further, the step S1 includes:
s11, acquiring thermal image data of the surfaces of different areas of a building wall by using a thermal imaging device with fixed resolution and sampling rate to form a thermal image sequence;
s12, performing contrast enhancement processing on the thermal image sequence;
s13, removing invalid edges from the thermal image subjected to the contrast enhancement processing, taking the remaining area as an interested area, and selecting the interested area from the thermal image sequence to form an effective thermal image sequence.
Further, in the step S3, a disturbance algorithm is used to calculate a disturbance temperature of the empty defect, and a control equation of the disturbance algorithm is as follows:
wherein ,
and />
Indicating hollowness defect and thermal conductivity of wall material, respectively,/-, respectively>
Temperature gradient for wall body uniform change, +.>
Disturbance temperature gradient generated for empty defects, +.>
Representing a characteristic temperature gradient;
taking out
（2）；
Wherein C is an influence coefficient;
substituting the formula (2) into the formula (1), and finishing to obtain the product:
will be
Substituting the value of (a) into the formula (4) or the formula (5) to obtain the internal temperature distribution of the wall:
wherein ,
disturbance temperature for internal empty defect, +.>
Disturbance temperature for external empty defect, +.>
To influence the coefficients.
Further, in the step S4, a disturbance temperature identification error of the internal empty defect is set as
When the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified is +.>
Falls into the hollow spaceA temperature interval of disturbance of the trap->
When the method is used, the corresponding area is identified as an area with internal empty defects;
the disturbance temperature identification error of the external hollowing defect is set as
When the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified is +.>
Disturbance temperature interval falling into external hollowing defect +.>
And identifying the corresponding area as an area with an external empty defect.
The invention also provides an infrared detection system for detecting the hollowing defect of the building wall, which is used for realizing an infrared detection method and comprises the following steps: a heat source and a defect measuring device;
the heat source includes a heating source and a cooling source configured to be removably attached to an exterior surface of a wall;
the defect measuring device comprises a heat source controller, an analysis device and a thermal imaging device;
the heat source controller is used for controlling the heating source and the refrigeration source to reach a first temperature and a second temperature respectively;
the thermal imaging device continuously acquires a plurality of thermal images of the wall body within a preset time period; transmitting the acquired plurality of thermal images to the analysis device;
the analysis device is used for processing the plurality of thermal images and detecting the position of the empty defect by using a defect disturbance algorithm.
Further, the heating source is used for uniformly heating the first end of the wall body, and the cooling source is used for uniformly cooling the second end of the wall body.
Further, the heating source and the cooling source are disposed in a first axial direction, and the thermal imaging device is disposed in a second axial direction different from the first axial direction, so that the thermal imaging device photographs a temperature gradient of the wall.
Further, the analysis device comprises a data acquisition unit and a data preprocessing unit;
the data acquisition unit acquires thermal image data of the surfaces of different areas of the building wall by using a thermal imaging device with fixed resolution and sampling rate to form a thermal image sequence;
and the data preprocessing unit removes invalid edges from the acquired thermal image, takes the remaining area as an interested area, and performs interested area selection on the thermal image sequence to form an effective thermal image sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the heat source is configured to be removably attached to an outer surface of the wall, the heating source is used for uniformly heating a first end of the wall, the cooling source is used for uniformly cooling a second end of the wall, and a temperature difference is formed, so that the thermal imaging device and the analysis device can obtain the temperature differences of different blocks; uniformly dividing a building wall into a plurality of blocks, numbering the blocks, acquiring infrared thermal signals of the building wall through a thermal imaging device to form a thermal image sequence of thermal distribution of the surface of the building wall, acquiring temperature differences among different areas of the surface according to the thermal image sequence, extracting uniformly-changed temperature differences as uniformly-changed temperature gradients of the wall, and extracting abnormal temperature differences as characteristic temperature gradients to be identified; calculating the disturbance temperature of the hollowing defect by utilizing the temperature gradient of the uniform change of the wall; and comparing the extracted characteristic temperature gradient to be identified with the disturbance temperature of the empty defect respectively, and identifying a block with the empty defect, so that the disturbance algorithm can accurately obtain the area with the empty defect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an infrared detection method for building wall hollowing defects;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the thermal image sequence formation of step S1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the infrared detection system for building wall hollowing defects.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
In the drawings of the specific embodiments of the present invention, in order to better and more clearly describe the working principle of each element in the system, the connection relationship of each part in the device is represented, but only the relative positional relationship between each element is clearly distinguished, and the limitations on the signal transmission direction, connection sequence and the structure size, dimension and shape of each part in the element or structure cannot be constructed.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of an infrared detection method for building wall hollowing defects is shown, which comprises the following steps:
s1: evenly divide into a plurality of blocks with building wall body, numbering a plurality of blocks, gather the infrared thermal signal of building wall body through thermal imaging device and form the thermal image sequence of building wall body surface heat distribution, as shown in fig. 2 is specific flow, includes the following steps:
s11: and (5) data acquisition. And acquiring thermal image data of the surfaces of different areas of the building wall by using a thermal imaging device with fixed resolution and sampling rate to form a thermal image sequence.
S12: thermal image data preprocessing.
The illumination light component and the reflected light component of the thermal images in the sequence of thermal images are separated by a logarithmic algorithm, namely:
S(x,y)＝r(x,y)+I(x,y)＝log(R(x,y))+log(L(x,y))；
where S (x, y) represents a thermal image in which reflected light is received by the thermal imaging device, r (x, y) represents a reflected light component, and I (x, y) represents an irradiated light component.
Convolving the thermal image S (x, y) in step S12 with a gaussian filter function, i.e. low-pass filtering the thermal image S (x, y), to obtain a low-pass filtered thermal image D (x, y), where F (x, y) represents the gaussian filter function:
D(x,y)＝S(x,y)*F(x,y)；
in the logarithmic domain, the low-pass filtered thermal image D (x, y) is subtracted from the thermal image S (x, y) to yield a high-frequency enhanced thermal image G (x, y):
G(x,y)＝log(S(x,y)-D(x,y))；
taking the inverse logarithm of the high-frequency enhanced thermal image G (x, y) to obtain an enhanced thermal image R (x, y);
and (3) carrying out contrast enhancement on the enhanced thermal image R (x, y) to obtain a final result image. X, y in the above formula represent the coordinates of the pixels in the thermal image.
S13: an effective thermal image sequence is generated.
And removing invalid edges from the final result image, taking the remaining area as an interested area, and selecting the interested area ROI of the thermal image sequence to form an effective thermal image sequence. Preferably, the ROI comprises 308×212 pixels.
S2: obtaining temperature differences among different blocks on the surface of a building wall body according to the thermal image sequence, and extracting uniformly-changed temperature differences to serve as uniformly-changed temperature gradients of the wall body
Extracting abnormal temperature difference as characteristic temperature gradient to be identified
。
The temperature difference is obtained through thermal image sequence analysis acquired by a thermal imaging device, and particularly, the temperature difference acquisition method can be realized by adopting an infrared thermal image temperature acquisition method in the prior art.
S3: calculating the disturbance temperature of the hollowing defect by utilizing the temperature gradient of the uniform change of the wall body, comprising the following steps:
the control equation for the defect perturbation algorithm is as follows:
wherein, the left end of the equation represents the heat flux in the empty defect, and the right end of the equation represents the heat flux in the replaced empty defect;
and />
Indicating hollowness defect and thermal conductivity of wall material, respectively,/-, respectively>
Temperature gradient for wall body uniform change, +.>
Disturbance temperature gradient generated for empty defects, +.>
Representing a characteristic temperature gradient.
Taking out
（2）；
Wherein C is an influence coefficient.
Substituting the formula (2) into the formula (1), and finishing to obtain the product:
in the formula (3), only
As an unknown quantity, LU decomposition, gaussian elimination or conjugate gradient method in the prior art can be used to solve for +.>
And (3) solving the heat flux inside the wall body and the heat flux on the surface by combining the left end of the equation in the formula (1) to obtain the surface heat distribution data.
Will be
Substituting the value of (a) into the formula (4) or the formula (5) to obtain the internal temperature distribution of the wall:
wherein ,
disturbance temperature for internal empty defect, +.>
Disturbance temperature for external empty defect, +.>
To influence the coefficients.
S4, the temperature gradient of the feature to be identified extracted in the step S2 is obtained
Disturbance temperatures respectively corresponding to internal hollowing defects
Disturbance temperature of external empty defect +.>
By contrast, blocks with internal empty defects and external empty defects are identified.
Preferably, a disturbance temperature identification error can be set, and the disturbance temperature identification error of the internal empty defect is set as
When the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified is +.>
Disturbance temperature interval falling into internal hollowing defect +.>
And identifying the corresponding area as an area with an internal empty defect.
The disturbance temperature identification error of the external hollowing defect is set as
When the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified is +.>
Disturbance temperature interval falling into external hollowing defect +.>
And identifying the corresponding area as an area with an external empty defect.
As shown in fig. 3, the structure of the infrared detection system for building wall hollowing defect is schematically shown, and the infrared detection system comprises: a heat source and a defect measuring device 20.
A heat source configured to be removably attached to an exterior surface 12 of the wall 10; the heat source comprises a heating source A and a refrigerating source B, wherein the heating source A is used for uniformly heating the first end of the wall body, and the refrigerating source B is used for uniformly refrigerating the second end of the wall body.
Thermal images of wall 12 include infrared thermal images, including near-infrared (NIR) thermal images, mid-infrared (MIR) thermal images, and far-infrared (FIR) thermal images. Heating source a and cooling source B are used to provide a thermal image of wall 12 with a temperature gradient, wherein heating source a and cooling source B are disposed in a first axial direction,
the defect measurement apparatus 20 includes a heat source controller 22, an analysis device 24, and a thermal imaging device 26.
The thermal imaging device 26 continuously acquires a plurality of thermal images of the wall 10 over a predetermined period of time. While thermal imaging device 26 is positioned in a second axial direction that is different from the first axial direction such that thermal imaging device 26 may capture the temperature gradient of wall 12.
The heat source controller 22 is configured to control the heating source a and the cooling source B such that the heating source a and the cooling source B reach a first temperature and a second temperature, respectively.
The thermal imaging device 26 transmits the captured thermal image to the analysis device 24, and the analysis device 24 processes the thermal image and analyzes the thermal image to detect the position of the empty defect 15 by using the defect perturbation algorithm.
In a preferred embodiment, the analysis device further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data preprocessing unit. The data acquisition unit acquires thermal image data of the surfaces of different areas of the wall of the building by using a thermal imaging device and adopting fixed resolution and sampling rate to form a thermal image sequence; and the data preprocessing unit removes invalid edges from the acquired thermal image, takes the remaining area as an interested area, and performs interested area selection on the thermal image sequence to form an effective thermal image sequence.
Heat source controller 22 includes two temperature generators for generating a first temperature and a second temperature at a first end and a second end of wall 12, respectively, wherein the first temperature is different from the second temperature to generate a temperature gradient in the thermal image. Preferably, the two temperature generators may also be heating sources simultaneously or cooling sources simultaneously.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present application, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted across a computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An infrared detection method for building wall hollowing defects is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly dividing a building wall into a plurality of blocks, numbering the blocks, and acquiring infrared heat signals of the building wall through a thermal imaging device to form a thermal image sequence of heat distribution on the surface of the building wall;
s2, acquiring temperature differences among different areas of the surface according to the thermal image sequence, extracting uniformly-changed temperature differences as uniformly-changed temperature gradients of the wall body, and extracting abnormal temperature differences as characteristic temperature gradients to be identified;
s3, calculating the disturbance temperature of the empty defect by using a disturbance algorithm by using the temperature gradient of the wall body uniformly changing, wherein a control equation of the disturbance algorithm is as follows:
γ i (ΔT 0 +ΔT d )＝γ m (ΔT 0 +ΔT d -ΔT′) (1)；
wherein ,γi and γm Respectively representing the hollowing defect and the heat conductivity coefficient of the wall material, delta T 0 Delta T for uniform wall temperature gradient d A disturbance temperature gradient generated for the empty defect, ΔT' representing a characteristic temperature gradient;
take DeltaT d ＝C·ΔT′ (2)；
Wherein C is an influence coefficient;
substituting the formula (2) into the formula (1), and finishing to obtain the product:
(γ m C+γ i C-γ m )ΔT′＝(γ i -γ m )ΔT 0 (3)；
substituting the value of Δt' into equation (4) or equation (5) to obtain the internal temperature distribution of the wall:
wherein ,
disturbance temperature for internal empty defect, +.>
Is externally emptyDisturbance temperature of defect, < >>
Is an influence coefficient;
s4, comparing the characteristic temperature gradient to be identified extracted in the step S2 with the disturbance temperature of the hollowing defect calculated in the step S3, and identifying a block with the hollowing defect.
2. The infrared detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes:
s11, acquiring thermal image data of the surfaces of different areas of a building wall by using a thermal imaging device with fixed resolution and sampling rate to form a thermal image sequence;
s12, performing contrast enhancement processing on the thermal image sequence;
s13, removing invalid edges from the thermal image subjected to the contrast enhancement processing, taking the remaining area as an interested area, and selecting the interested area from the thermal image sequence to form an effective thermal image sequence.
3. The infrared detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a disturbance temperature identification error of the internal empty defect is set as
When the temperature gradient delta T 'of the characteristic to be identified' h Disturbance temperature interval falling into internal hollowing defect +.>
When the method is used, the corresponding area is identified as an area with internal empty defects;
the disturbance temperature identification error of the external hollowing defect is set as
Then when the characteristic temperature gradient delta T 'to be identified' h Disturbance temperature interval falling into external hollowing defect +.>
And identifying the corresponding area as an area with an external empty defect.
4. An infrared detection system for detecting a hollowing defect of a building wall, for implementing an infrared detection method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: a heat source and a defect measuring device;
the heat source includes a heating source and a cooling source configured to be removably attached to an exterior surface of a wall;
the defect measuring device comprises a heat source controller, an analysis device and a thermal imaging device;
the heat source controller is used for controlling the heating source and the refrigeration source to reach a first temperature and a second temperature respectively;
the thermal imaging device continuously acquires a plurality of thermal images of the wall body within a preset time period; transmitting the acquired plurality of thermal images to the analysis device;
the analysis device is used for processing the plurality of thermal images and detecting the position of the empty defect by using a defect disturbance algorithm.
5. The infrared detection system of claim 4, wherein,
the heating source is used for uniformly heating the first end of the wall body, and the cooling source is used for uniformly cooling the second end of the wall body.
6. The infrared detection system of claim 4, wherein,
the heating source and the cooling source are arranged in a first axial direction, and the thermal imaging device is arranged in a second axial direction different from the first axial direction, so that the thermal imaging device shoots the temperature gradient of the wall body.
7. The infrared detection system of claim 4, wherein the analysis device comprises a data acquisition unit and a data preprocessing unit;
the data acquisition unit acquires thermal image data of the surfaces of different areas of the building wall by using a thermal imaging device with fixed resolution and sampling rate to form a thermal image sequence;
and the data preprocessing unit removes invalid edges from the acquired thermal image, takes the remaining area as an interested area, and performs interested area selection on the thermal image sequence to form an effective thermal image sequence.
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