CN115595469A - Apparatus material contacting melt in refining aluminum alloy melt and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Apparatus material contacting melt in refining aluminum alloy melt and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115595469A CN115595469A CN202211306157.8A CN202211306157A CN115595469A CN 115595469 A CN115595469 A CN 115595469A CN 202211306157 A CN202211306157 A CN 202211306157A CN 115595469 A CN115595469 A CN 115595469A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- melt
- alloy
- weight percentage
- aluminum alloy
- nickel
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
- B22D1/005—Injection assemblies therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
- B22D43/001—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal
- B22D43/004—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal by using filtering means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The apparatus material is made of Ni-base high-temp alloy and is made into compact alpha-Al through high-temp preoxidation after its manufacture and shaping 2 O 3 Is or Cr 2 O 3 The main oxide film is put into use, the weight percentage of the main alloy element Cr in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is between 12 and 30 percent, the weight percentage of the Al element is less than 15 percent, the weight percentage of the Fe element is less than 30 percent, the weight percentage of the Y element is less than 1 percent, and the balance is Ni. By active oxidation treatmentThe technical purpose is to generate a compact oxide film which is inert to the aluminum alloy melt, prevent elements in the appliance material from being dissolved into the aluminum alloy melt to influence the organization structure and the mechanical property of the product, prevent the aluminum alloy melt from rapidly corroding the metal appliance material during refining, prolong the service life of the metal appliance material, and particularly for the occasion of preparing the semi-solid slurry with accurate temperature control by adopting a jacket for cooling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy material processing, and particularly relates to an appliance material used for refining an aluminum alloy melt when an aluminum alloy product is manufactured by adopting an extrusion casting or die-casting process and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy or the aluminum-based composite material has high specific strength and low raw material cost, and is increasingly applied to parts of various transportation tools with the aim of light weight, such as airplane skins, aluminum alloy hubs of automobiles, double forks, brake discs, engine shells, engine pistons, shells of battery packs of electric automobiles, even large parts of integrated automobile bodies, frames and the like, so that the aims of replacing steel with aluminum, reducing the manufacturing cost of the whole automobile and reducing the energy consumption of the electric automobiles are fulfilled.
Pressure casting, which is called die casting for short, the typical die casting process adopts aluminum alloy melt at the high temperature of 700-780 ℃ to fill a steel metal die cavity preheated to 200-250 ℃ at high speed and high pressure, and the aluminum alloy melt is crystallized and solidified under the action of high pressure, so that the die casting process has the advantages of high efficiency and near net forming.
The extrusion casting, also called liquid die forging, is a special casting process which adopts low mold filling speed and less melt disturbance to the aluminum alloy high-temperature melt (or the semi-solid slurry mixture in liquid-solid two phases at relatively low temperature) to fill the mold cavity of the aluminum alloy high-temperature melt in a laminar flow state as much as possible and then finish the solidification under high pressure.
In the traditional die casting or extrusion casting, before an aluminum alloy melt enters a steel die, the melt is generally refined, the main purpose is to remove solid oxide inclusions and undesirable gases in the melt, the main oxide inclusions existing in the aluminum alloy melt on the surface are researched to be aluminum oxide, and gaseous impurities are mainly hydrogen; the conventional refining treatment is to filter the aluminum alloy melt by a porous ceramic filter to remove solid oxide inclusions; the method for removing hydrogen from the melt is to blow dense and fine argon bubbles or argon and a small amount of chlorine bubbles into the melt by adopting a ceramic tube to remove hydrogen; the conventional caching container used for refining the aluminum alloy melt generally adopts a ceramic crucible; the ceramic utensil material used in the refining of the aluminum alloy melt has the advantages of high manufacturing cost, short service life and easy cracking and damage, and the ceramic utensil used as a container is inconvenient for controllably cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the occasion of preparing the semi-solid slurry with accurate temperature control by cooling the aluminum alloy melt.
Disclosure of Invention
The method is characterized in that the tool material contacting the melt is nickel-based high-temperature alloy and is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the tool is manufactured and formed to generate compact alpha-Al 2 O 3 Is or Cr 2 O 3 The main oxide film is put into use, the weight percentage of the main alloy element Cr in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is between 12 and 30 percent, the weight percentage of Al is less than 15 percent, the weight percentage of Fe is less than 30 percent, the weight percentage of Y is less than 1 percent, and the balance is Ni. The device material contacting the melt is made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy and is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the device is manufactured and formed, the active oxidation treatment is carried out in an oxidation atmosphere (650-1100 ℃) for 4-72h, the oxidation atmosphere can be conventional air or pure oxygen atmosphere, the main technical purpose of the active oxidation treatment is to generate a compact oxidation film inert to the aluminum alloy melt, elements in the device material are prevented from being dissolved into the aluminum alloy melt to influence the tissue structure and mechanical property of an aluminum alloy product, and the compact oxidation film can also prevent the aluminum alloy melt from corroding metal device materials during refining; to achieve the technical purpose, the device material contacting with the melt adopts nickel-based high-temperature alloy and is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the device is manufactured and formed to generate compact alpha-Al 2 O 3 The main alloy elements of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy comprise 15-25 wt% of Cr, 6-13 wt% of Al, less than 25 wt% of Fe, 0.3-1 wt% of Y and the balance of Ni, wherein the weight ratio of the Cr to the Al is less than 3.3, the high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment is carried out after the device is manufactured and formed, and the active oxidation treatment is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (800-950 ℃) (12-48 h). Or the material of the tool contacting with the melt is nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and the compact Cr is generated by high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the manufacturing and forming of the tool 2 O 3 The main alloy elements of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy comprise 17-25 wt% of Cr, less than 5 wt% of Al, less than 30 wt% of Fe and the balance of Ni, wherein the weight ratio of Cr to Al is more than 4, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after manufacturing and forming of appliances, and the active oxidation treatment is carried out in an oxidation atmosphere (700-800 ℃) for 12-48 hours.
The part of the apparatus material contacting the aluminum alloy melt mainly comprises a 100-400-mesh nickel-based high-temperature alloy multilayer woven mesh for melt filtration, a bubble generator inserted into the melt for blowing and removing hydrogen, a buffer container during melt refining, and a pipeline and a valve for conveying the melt; the nickel-based superalloy and the nickel-based superalloy processed and formed by the nickel-based superalloy are subjected to active oxidation treatment to generate the sum of inert oxide films and then put into use, the appliance material is prevented from being rapidly corroded by the appliance material during refining while the appliance material is ensured not to pollute an aluminum alloy melt, and the service life of a metal appliance is prolonged.
The advantages of the present invention are further explained below.
Detailed Description
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme and spirit of the present invention, and detailed implementation modes and specific processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited, and all technical schemes obtained by adopting alternative or equivalent transformation, such as properly adjusting the formula of the nickel-based superalloy, adding partial solid solution strengthening elements such as W, mo and the like, and properly adjusting the process specification of the active oxidation treatment, should be understood to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1. Apparatus material for contacting melt in aluminum alloy melt refining and method for manufacturing the same, apparatus material for melt using nickel-based superalloy and high temperature pre-oxidation treatment after apparatus manufacturing and forming to produce dense alpha-Al 2 O 3 The main alloy elements of the nickel-base high-temperature alloy are that the weight percentage of Cr is between 17 and 22 percent, the weight percentage of Al is between 9 and 12 percent, the weight percentage of Fe is less than 15 percent, the weight percentage of Y is between 0.3 and 0.6 percent, and the rest is Ni. The device material contacting the melt adopts the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment is carried out after the device is manufactured and formed, active oxidation treatment is carried out for 36 hours under the oxidation atmosphere (800-850 ℃), and the oxidation atmosphere adopts mixed air with the oxygen volume percentage of 50%.
Example 2. Apparatus material for contact with melt in refining aluminum alloy melt and method for manufacturing the same, the apparatus material for contact with melt is nickel-based superalloy and is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after apparatus manufacturing and forming to generate dense Cr 2 O 3 The main oxide film is put into use, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy adopts 2080NiCr alloy, wherein the weight percentage of the alloy element Cr is between 19 and 21 percent, and the balance is Ni. The material of the appliance contacting the melt is nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment is carried out after the appliance is manufactured and formed, wherein active oxidation treatment is carried out for 36h under an oxidation atmosphere (700-750 ℃), and the oxidation atmosphere is mixed air with the oxygen volume percentage of 35%.
Claims (5)
1. The method is characterized in that the tool material contacting the melt is nickel-based high-temperature alloy and is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the tool is manufactured and formed to generate compact alpha-Al 2 O 3 Is or Cr 2 O 3 The main oxide film is put into use, the weight percentage of the main alloy element Cr in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is between 12 and 30 percent, and the weight percentage of Al isThe ratio is less than 15%, the weight percentage of Fe is less than 30%, the weight percentage of Y is less than 1%, and the balance is Ni.
2. The apparatus material and the manufacturing method for the apparatus material contacting with the melt during the aluminum alloy melt refining according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus material contacting with the melt is made of nickel-based high temperature alloy and is subjected to high temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the apparatus is manufactured and formed, and the active oxidation treatment is performed under an oxidation atmosphere (650-1100 ℃) (4-72 h).
3. The apparatus material for contact with melt in aluminum alloy melt refining and the manufacturing method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus material for contact with melt is Ni-based superalloy and is subjected to high temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the apparatus is manufactured and shaped to form dense alpha-Al 2 O 3 The main alloy elements of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy are 15-25 wt% of Cr, 6-13 wt% of Al, less than 25 wt% of Fe, 0.3-1 wt% of Y and the balance of Ni, wherein the weight ratio of the Cr to the Al is less than 3.3, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the device is manufactured and formed, and the active oxidation treatment is performed in an oxidation atmosphere (800-950 ℃) for 12-48 hours.
4. The apparatus material for contact with melt in melt refining of aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus material for contact with melt is made of Ni-based superalloy and subjected to high temperature pre-oxidation treatment after the apparatus is formed to form dense Cr 2 O 3 The nickel-base high-temperature alloy is mainly used after an oxide film is formed, wherein the weight percentage of main alloy elements Cr in the nickel-base high-temperature alloy is 17-25%, the weight percentage of Al is less than 5%, the weight percentage of Fe is less than 30%, and the balance is Ni, the weight ratio of Cr/Al alloy elements is more than 4, high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment is carried out after the manufacturing and forming of an appliance, and the active oxidation treatment is carried out in an oxidation atmosphere (700-800 ℃) (12-48 h).
5. The apparatus material contacting the melt during refining aluminum alloy melt and its making process features that the part of the apparatus material contacting the aluminum alloy melt includes mainly 100-400 mesh Ni-base high temperature alloy mesh for filtering melt, bubble generator inserted into the melt for blowing to eliminate hydrogen, buffering container for refining melt, pipeline and valve for conveying melt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211306157.8A CN115595469A (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2022-10-18 | Apparatus material contacting melt in refining aluminum alloy melt and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211306157.8A CN115595469A (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2022-10-18 | Apparatus material contacting melt in refining aluminum alloy melt and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115595469A true CN115595469A (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211306157.8A Pending CN115595469A (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2022-10-18 | Apparatus material contacting melt in refining aluminum alloy melt and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115595469A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1403612A (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2003-03-19 | 钢铁研究总院 | Metal cineration resistant nickel-base high-temperature alloy |
| CN1462815A (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2003-12-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | High temp corrosion resisting alloy with high-intensity of anti metal cineration |
| CN107630153A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-26 | 上海怀德机电有限公司 | A kind of die material cast Ni-base alloy |
| CN109112327A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-01 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-oxidant heat-resisting alloy and preparation method |
| CN109252083A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-22 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of multiphase high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111850348A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness nickel-based high-temperature alloy foil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113234961A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-08-10 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | 1100 ℃ high-temperature-resistant antioxidant combustion chamber alloy and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-10-18 CN CN202211306157.8A patent/CN115595469A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1403612A (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2003-03-19 | 钢铁研究总院 | Metal cineration resistant nickel-base high-temperature alloy |
| CN1462815A (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2003-12-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | High temp corrosion resisting alloy with high-intensity of anti metal cineration |
| CN107630153A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-26 | 上海怀德机电有限公司 | A kind of die material cast Ni-base alloy |
| CN109252083A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-22 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of multiphase high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109112327A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-01 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-oxidant heat-resisting alloy and preparation method |
| CN111850348A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness nickel-based high-temperature alloy foil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113234961A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-08-10 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | 1100 ℃ high-temperature-resistant antioxidant combustion chamber alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20230113 |