CN115584963B - Unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive evaluation method for unconventional reservoir fracturing property, which comprises the following steps of 1) calculating a brittleness index through static rock mechanical parameters in a confining pressure in-situ environment; 2) Establishing a rock fracture toughness calculation model of the forked irregular fracture; 3) Calculating a hydraulic fracture induction fracture index through the fracture net pressure, the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress; 4) And calculating shale fracturing indexes according to the shale brittleness indexes, the rock fracture toughness and the hydraulic fracture induced fracture indexes, and carrying out unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation. The invention overcomes the defect that the comprehensive influence of the hydraulic fracture induced fracture index is not considered in the prior art, and provides a fracturing property evaluation method which comprehensively considers the comprehensive characteristics of reservoir rock composition, structure, pores, fluid and the like, namely a brittleness evaluation model and a fracture toughness evaluation model, and also considers the influence of confining pressure and the hydraulic fracture induced fracture index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shale oil reservoir exploration and development, in particular to an unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation method.
Background
Shale reservoirs have low pore and low permeability characteristics, and a complex fracture system is formed by large-scale fracturing modification, so that seepage channels are increased to realize commercial exploitation value. The reservoir fracturing property is evaluated, a good fracturing position is determined, and the fracturing position is critical to the success or failure of fracturing, so that the hydraulic fracturing technology is widely applied to unconventional oil and gas exploration and development of shale gas, shale oil, compact gas, coal bed gas and the like as an effective reservoir yield improvement and yield increase technology. The purpose of hydraulic fracturing is to form a complex fracture network, increasing the remodelling volume, while the fracability characterizes the ease with which shale reservoirs can be effectively remodelled. However, the physical properties of different reservoirs are greatly different, and the heterogeneity is greatly different, so that the reservoir needs to be subjected to fracturing property evaluation to ensure that an optimal fracture network is formed, thereby improving the oil field yield.
At present, a plurality of scholars mainly consider rock brittleness, ground stress, fracture toughness and the like in the evaluation of the fracturing property to establish a method for evaluating the fracturing property. However, reservoir frawability is determined by the combination of reservoir brittleness, fracture toughness, natural fracture, and other intrinsic properties, and external environmental parameters such as confining pressure, fracturing fluid viscosity, and construction displacement, where intrinsic factors predominate, and hydraulic fracturing induces external stresses that result in different frawability characteristics of the rock. At present, brittleness is mainly characterized by rock mechanical parameters, but fracture toughness is not considered under the condition that fracture toughness of the rock is changed due to fracture surface irregularity caused by natural fracture, and a method for evaluating the fracturing property by considering the comprehensive influence of a hydraulic fracture induced fracture index is not seen in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to accurately reflect the fracturing property of the reservoir under the condition, the invention establishes a novel fracturing property evaluation method for comprehensively considering the brittleness evaluation model and the fracture toughness evaluation model of the comprehensive characteristic elastic parameters such as reservoir rock composition, structure, pore space, fluid and the like, and simultaneously considering the influence of confining pressure and hydraulic fracture induced fracture index to establish the comprehensive reservoir and construction.
To achieve the above object, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for comprehensively evaluating fracturing properties of an unconventional reservoir, including the steps of:
1) Acquiring a shale brittleness index;
2) Obtaining the fracture toughness of the rock;
3) Acquiring a hydraulic fracture induction fracture index;
4) And calculating shale fracturing indexes according to the shale brittleness indexes, the rock fracture toughness and the hydraulic fracture induced fracture indexes, and carrying out unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation.
Further, the brittleness index is calculated through static rock mechanical parameters in the confining pressure in-situ environment.
Further, the shale brittleness index calculation model is as follows:
EBrit＝(E-Emin)/(Emax-Emin)
μBrit＝(μmax-μ)/(μmax-μmin)
Brit＝(EBrit+μBrit)/2
Wherein: brit is the brittleness index; e Brit is normalized Young's modulus, dimensionless; mu Brit is normalized poisson's ratio, dimensionless; wherein E is static Young's modulus and MPa; mu is static poisson ratio and is dimensionless; min and max are subscripts, and respectively represent a minimum value and a maximum value.
Further, the step 2) establishes a rock fracture toughness calculation model of the bifurcation irregular fracture:
Wherein K IC,KIIC is the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the forked irregular fractured rock, MPa.m 1 /2;KIC0 and K IIC0 are the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the unfforked irregular fractured rock, R is the scale ratio of fractal and has no dimension; d is the fractal dimension.
Further, the hydraulic fracture induction fracture index is calculated through the fracture net pressure, the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: p net,D is the hydraulic fracture induced fracture index, dimensionless; p net is the net pressure, MPa, the difference between the fluid pressure in the slit and the circumferential stress; sigma H is the maximum horizontal principal stress, MPa; σ h is the minimum horizontal principal stress, MPa.
Further, the step 4) of calculating the fracturing property index model is as follows:
Wherein: f rac is the fracking index, MPa -1·m-0.5;Brit is the shale brittleness index; k IC、KIIC is type I fracture toughness and type II fracture toughness, MPa.m 0.5; a. b is an empirical parameter; p net is the net pressure in the slit, MPa; sigma H-σh is the maximum and minimum level principal stress difference, MPa.
Further, the fracturing property index calculation model is verified or corrected through the fracturing segment gas production.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for unconventional reservoir fracturing property, which considers the influence of a hydraulic fracture induced fracture index on the fracturing property and establishes a comprehensive evaluation method for reservoir fracturing property, wherein the comprehensive evaluation method is used for comprehensively evaluating the reservoir brittleness, the fracture toughness and the influence of the induced fracture index.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the maximum likelihood of a pressure segment along a trajectory in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for unconventional reservoir fracturing property, which mainly comprises the following steps:
Step 1, obtaining a shale brittleness index;
specifically, the brittleness index Brit is calculated by using the static rock mechanical parameters under the ambient pressure in-situ environment:
EBrit＝(E-Emin)/(Emax-Emin)
μBrit＝(μmax-μ)/(μmax-μmin)
Brit＝(EBrit+μBrit)/2
Wherein: brit is the brittleness index; e Brit is normalized Young's modulus, dimensionless; mu Brit is normalized poisson's ratio, dimensionless; wherein E is static Young's modulus and MPa; mu is static poisson ratio and is dimensionless; min and max are subscripts, and respectively represent a minimum value and a maximum value.
Specifically, the dynamic young modulus and the dynamic poisson ratio of the stratum can be obtained by adopting logging data, and the dynamic young modulus and the dynamic poisson ratio can be converted into the corresponding static young modulus and static poisson ratio under the underground actual state according to the requirement, and the conversion relation of the dynamic and static parameters can be obtained by fitting the experimental core test modulus and the logging calculation modulus.
Step 2, obtaining the fracture toughness of the rock;
For fracture toughness of the undivided irregular fractured rock, the calculation method is as follows:
Based on the relationship between fracture toughness and confining pressure and tensile strength analyzed by logging data, the fracture toughness of the reservoir type I and type II is calculated:
KIC0＝0.2176Pc+0.0059St 3+0.0923St 2+0.517St-0.3322
KIIC0＝0.046Pc+0.1674St-0.1851
Wherein: k IC0 and K IIC0 are respectively the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the undivided irregularly fractured rock, P c is confining pressure, and the minimum horizontal main stress is taken as MPa; s t is the tensile strength of the stratum and MPa.
It should be noted that, the fracture toughness prediction model can directly use logging data to obtain the fracture toughness value of the rock, but the conventional fracture toughness prediction model assumes that a regular fracture is generated in the extension process of the fracture, and the fracture toughness change of the rock caused by the condition that the fracture surface is irregular due to the existence of a natural weak surface is not considered.
For shale reservoirs, the various micro-natural fractures in which large numbers exist can lead not only to inelastic behavior, but also to irregularities in the forward extension of macroscopic hydraulic fractures, which would lead to an increase in the fracture toughness of the material, and correspondingly, to the creation of a rock fracture toughness calculation model for bifurcated irregular fractures:
Wherein K IC,KIIC is the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the forked irregular fractured rock, MPa.m 1 /2;KIC0 and K IIC0 are the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the unfforked irregular fractured rock, R is the scale ratio of fractal and has no dimension; d is the fractal dimension.
Step 3, obtaining a hydraulic fracture induction fracture index;
in hydraulic fracturing, the fracture always extends in the formation in the direction of maximum stress. The key to the ability to form complex slotted nets and to increase the complexity of the slots is that the net pressure of the construction can reach the critical pressure. In order to comprehensively reflect the comprehensive influence of reservoir horizontal principal stress and net pressure on the formation of a complex fracture network, the influence of hydraulic fracture induction fracture index characterization on the complex fracture of the fracture is introduced: the smaller the ratio is, the hydraulic fracture is mainly a multi-branch main fracture; the larger the ratio is, the radial net expansion is mainly adopted, the crack steering and extending capacity is strong, the shearing damage volume is increased, and the complexity of the crack network is enhanced.
Wherein: p net,D is the hydraulic fracture induced fracture index, dimensionless; p net is the net pressure, MPa, the difference between the fluid pressure in the slit and the circumferential stress; sigma H is the maximum horizontal principal stress, MPa; σ h is the minimum horizontal principal stress, MPa.
And 4, calculating a shale fracturing index through the shale brittleness index, the rock fracture toughness and the hydraulic fracture induction fracture index, and carrying out unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation.
The fracturing index model considering the engineering dessert can represent the difficulty of reservoir fracturing, and is a key index for evaluating the formation of a complex fracture network by shale reservoir fracturing. While the frawability index is affected by such parameters as brittleness index, fracture toughness, ground stress, construction parameters, etc.
The brittleness index is characterized by an elastic modulus and a poisson ratio, wherein a high elastic modulus indicates that the rock is hard and brittle, and has strong capability of maintaining cracks after being fractured, and a low poisson ratio reflects that the rock is easier to fracture under pressure. Fracture toughness relates to the difficulty in extending a crack, and the smaller the fracture toughness is, the easier the crack is to expand, so that hydraulic fracturing is facilitated; the net pressure is controlled by construction parameters such as fracturing fluid viscosity, construction displacement and the like, and the larger the net pressure is, the stronger the reservoir breaking capacity of the whole is, so that the hydraulic fracture morphology control is facilitated. The larger the stress difference is, the control effect of the ground stress on the fracturing cracks is gradually enhanced, and the more difficult the crack morphology is relatively single, the complex cracks are generated; the smaller the stress difference is, the more easily the fracture crack is expanded along a plurality of directions, the more easily the hydraulic fracture is communicated with the natural fracture, and an irregular complex fracture network is formed. Therefore, the invention provides an engineering fracturing property evaluation model considering brittleness index, fracture toughness, net pressure and stress difference:
Wherein: f rac is the fracking index, MPa -1·m-0.5;Brit is the shale brittleness index; k IC、KIIC is the fracture toughness of type I and type II under the reservoir environment, and MPa.m 0.5; a. b is an empirical parameter, typically a=b=0.5, which can also be fitted or corrected by actual production data; p net is the net pressure in the slit, MPa; sigma H-σh is the maximum and minimum level principal stress difference, MPa.
Verifying and applying a comprehensive fracturing property evaluation model by using an actual well in a place of Sichuan, and representing brittleness of reservoir rock by adopting static Young modulus and Poisson ratio through dynamic and static rock mechanical parameter conversion by adopting the fracturing property evaluation model; acquiring natural weak surface distribution conditions by utilizing early seismic test data, thereby considering the influence of irregular fracture surface on fracture toughness through fractal; calculating the net pressure in the crack during construction by using a crack expansion model according to construction parameters such as recommended construction displacement, viscosity of fracturing fluid and the like in the fracturing design; and calculating the ground stress distribution in the fracturing section by using the pre-logging data.
And (3) as comparison verification, simultaneously comparing the evaluation result with the gas production ratio in the fracturing section, and verifying the rationality of the model.
The method is characterized in that the fracture conditions obtained by adopting natural fracture monitoring methods such as ant body, maximum likelihood, stoneley wave, microseism monitoring and the like are used, 10m is taken as a calculation section, the fractal dimension characteristics of irregular fractures in a certain fracturing section of the well are calculated, the maximum likelihood section of the ant body of the well is shown as a figure 2, and the fractal dimension calculated in a segmented mode is shown as a table 1.
Table 1X well X-th fracture segment fractal dimension
The fracturing property evaluation model established by the method is compared with the existing fracturing property evaluation model and the measured gas production profile of the optical fiber well logging, and the result shows that: the calculation model and the prior art model of the invention show relatively high fracturing property at the depth 3124m, and also have higher gas yield at the position; at 3145m of depth measurement, the evaluation result of the existing fracturing property evaluation model shows medium, and the invention evaluates to be higher fracturing property at the position, and the actual gas production profile also shows higher gas production at the position; the rationality of the model of the present invention can be verified by integrating the prior art model and the gas production data.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present patent. Various modifications and variations which may be made by those skilled in the art without the creative effort are within the scope of the patent described in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. An unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation method comprises the following steps:
1) Acquiring a shale brittleness index;
2) Obtaining the fracture toughness of the rock;
3) Acquiring a hydraulic fracture induction fracture index;
In the step 3), the hydraulic fracture induction fracture index is calculated through the fracture net pressure, the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: p net,D is the hydraulic fracture induced fracture index, dimensionless; p net is the net pressure, MPa, the difference between the fluid pressure in the slit and the circumferential stress; sigma H is the maximum horizontal principal stress, MPa; sigma h is the minimum horizontal principal stress, MPa;
4) Calculating shale fracturing indexes according to the shale brittleness indexes, the rock fracture toughness and the hydraulic fracture induced fracture indexes, and carrying out unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation;
The step 4) of calculating the fracturing property index model is as follows:
Wherein: f rac is the fracking index, MPa -1·m-0.5;Brit is the shale brittleness index; k IC、KIIC is type I fracture toughness and type II fracture toughness, MPa.m 0.5; a. b is an empirical parameter; p net is the net pressure in the slit, MPa; sigma H-σh is the maximum and minimum level principal stress difference, MPa.
2. The method for comprehensively evaluating the fracturing property of the unconventional reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the brittleness index is calculated in the step 1) through static rock mechanical parameters in an ambient pressure in-situ environment.
3. The method for comprehensively evaluating the fracturing property of an unconventional reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the shale brittleness index calculation model in the step 1) is as follows:
EBrit＝(E-Emin)/(Emax-Emin)
μBrit＝(μmax-μ)/(μmax-μmin)
Brit＝(EBrit+μBrit)/2
Wherein: brit is the brittleness index; e Brit is normalized Young's modulus, dimensionless; mu Brit is normalized poisson's ratio, dimensionless; wherein E is static Young's modulus and MPa; mu is static poisson ratio and is dimensionless; min and max are subscripts, and respectively represent a minimum value and a maximum value.
4. The method for comprehensively evaluating the fracturing properties of the unconventional reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is used for establishing a rock fracture toughness calculation model of the bifurcation irregular fracture:
Wherein K IC,KIIC is the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the forked irregular fractured rock, MPa.m 1/2;KIC0 and K IIC0 are the type I fracture toughness and the type II fracture toughness of the unfforked irregular fractured rock, R is the scale ratio of fractal and has no dimension; d is the fractal dimension.
5. The method for unconventional reservoir fracturing comprehensive evaluation of claim 1, further comprising the step of verifying or modifying the fracturing property index calculation model by fracturing stage gas production.
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