CN115579492A - Method and system for controlling working temperature of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification provides a hydrogen fuel cell working temperature control method, which comprises the steps of obtaining the cell working temperature, the electric pile output current and the electrode gas consumption in a first time; determining a predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in a second time based on the working temperature of the battery in the first time, the output current of the electric pile and the consumption of electrode gas; and determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to a method and a system for controlling an operating temperature of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy stored in a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy. Under the drive of a new round of energy revolution, hydrogen fuel cells are drawing attention due to the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, zero emission, no noise and the like. Because the hydrogen fuel cell generates heat when outputting power, as the operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell increases, the thermal stability and proton conductivity of components (such as a proton exchange membrane) therein decrease, and at the same time, the excessively high operating temperature accelerates the decay of the catalyst, which finally affects the safety of the stack operation.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for controlling the operating temperature of a hydrogen fuel cell more accurately, and to discharge heat from the fuel cell in a timely manner to maintain the operation of the fuel cell within a normal temperature range.
Disclosure of Invention
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the working temperature of the battery, the output current of the electric pile and the electrode gas consumption in a first time, wherein the electrode gas consumption comprises a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption; determining a predicted value of the cell working temperature in a second time based on the cell working temperature in the first time, the stack output current and the electrode gas consumption; and determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time.
One of the embodiments of the present specification provides a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system, which includes an acquisition module, a first determination module, and a second determination module; the obtaining module is used for obtaining the working temperature of the battery, the output current of the electric pile and the electrode gas consumption in a first time, wherein the electrode gas consumption comprises a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption; the first determination module is used for determining a predicted value of the battery working temperature in a second time based on the battery working temperature, the electric pile output current and the electrode gas consumption in the first time; the second determination module is used for determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time.
One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control apparatus including a processor for executing the foregoing hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control method.
One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which when read by a computer, cause the computer to execute the aforementioned hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control method.
Drawings
The present description will be further explained by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail by way of the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not intended to be limiting, and in these embodiments like numerals are used to indicate like structures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to some embodiments herein;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary flow chart of a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control method according to some embodiments herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature prediction model according to some embodiments of the present description;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a determination of a temperature control scheme according to some embodiments of the present description;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a determination of a temperature control scheme according to further embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a system block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to some embodiments herein.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the present description, and that for a person skilled in the art, the present description can also be applied to other similar scenarios on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context, or otherwise indicated, like reference numbers in the figures refer to the same structure or operation.
It should be understood that "system", "apparatus", "unit" and/or "module" as used herein is a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels. However, other words may be substituted by other expressions if they accomplish the same purpose.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not to be taken in a singular sense, but rather are to be construed to include a plural sense unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that steps and elements are included which are explicitly identified, that the steps and elements do not form an exclusive list, and that a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.
Flow charts are used in this description to illustrate operations performed by a system according to embodiments of the present description. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in the exact order in which they are performed. Rather, the various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Meanwhile, other operations may be added to the processes, or a certain step or several steps of operations may be removed from the processes.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario 100 of a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to some embodiments herein.
In some embodiments, the application scenario 100 may include a hydrogen fuel cell 110, a controller 120, and a processing device 130.
The hydrogen fuel cell 110 is a power generation device that uses hydrogen as fuel and directly converts chemical energy in the fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, zero emission, no noise, and the like. The basic principle is the reverse reaction of electrolyzed water, hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and cathode respectively, and after the hydrogen diffuses out through the anode and reacts with the electrolyte, electrons are released to reach the cathode through an external load to form current. The hydrogen fuel cell 110 may include a molten carbonate fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid polymer fuel cell, or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, depending on the kind of electrolyte.
The main sources of heat in the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 110 include heat generation by ohmic resistance, reaction entropy heat, irreversible electrochemical reaction heat, and the like, and a large amount of heat energy inevitably generated may increase the operation temperature of the cell. The safety temperature ranges of different hydrogen fuel cells are different, and potential safety hazards exist when the cells exceed the working temperature. For example, the operating temperature of an Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) is 50 to 100 ℃, the operating temperature of a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) is 100 to 300 ℃, the operating temperature of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is 80 ℃, the operating temperature of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is 600 to 700 ℃, and the operating temperature of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is 800 to 1000 ℃. When the working temperature of the battery is too high, irreversible damage can be caused to the battery, and finally the safety of the operation of the electric pile is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to timely remove heat from the fuel cell to keep the fuel cell operating in a normal temperature range.
The controller 120 may process data and/or information obtained from other devices or system components and perform the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control methods illustrated in some embodiments herein based on such data, information, and/or processing results to perform one or more of the functions described in some embodiments herein. In some embodiments, the controller 120 may control the temperature control scheme of the hydrogen fuel cell 110 by obtaining the predicted value of the cell operating temperature or the temperature of the electrode gas. In some embodiments, the controller 120 controls the battery temperature by means of evaporative cooling when the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas is greater than a preset threshold value. In some embodiments, the controller 120 controls the battery temperature by liquid cooling when the predicted battery operating temperature is in a first range.
It should be noted that the above description of the system and its components is merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure to the illustrated embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, given the teachings of the present system, any combination of components or sub-systems may be combined with other components without departing from such teachings. For example, the controller 120 and the processing device 130 may be integrated in one component. For another example, the components may share one storage device, and each component may have a storage device. Such variations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary flow chart of a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control method according to some embodiments herein. As shown in fig. 2, the process 200 includes the following steps. In some embodiments, the process 200 may be performed by a battery operating temperature control system.
And S210, acquiring the working temperature of the battery, the output current of the electric pile and the consumption of electrode gas in the first time.
The first time may be any period of time after the battery begins to operate. For example, the first time may be a period of time within 5 to 6 minutes after the battery starts operating or a period of time within 3 to 13 minutes after the battery starts operating. In some embodiments, the start time point and the end time point of the first time may be set by a human. For example, the time when the operating temperature of the battery reaches 40 ℃ may be set as the starting time point of the first time, and the 15 th minute after reaching 40 ℃ may be set as the ending time point of the first time.
The battery operating temperature refers to the actual temperature of the battery when in use. In some embodiments, the cell operating temperature may be obtained by a temperature sensor disposed in the stack. In some embodiments, the sensor may be a thermopile temperature sensor.
The electric stack refers to a stack composed of a plurality of hydrogen fuel cells. For a hydrogen fuel cell, a single cell comprising a set of electrodes and electrolyte plates operates at a lower output voltage and a lower current density. Therefore, the purpose of the stack is to obtain the voltage required by the load in practical use. The electric pile output current refers to the current generated by a closed-circuit thermocouple in the electric pile. For example, the stack output current may be 10-350A.
In some embodiments, the stack output current may be obtained by a current meter configured to the stack.
The electrode gas consumption amount refers to the amount of electrode gas consumed per unit time by the hydrogen fuel cell when it is in operation. For example, the electrode gas consumption may be 3kg/h.
In some embodiments, the electrode gas consumption may be obtained by a gas flow meter disposed at the electrode.
And S220, determining a predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time based on the battery working temperature in the first time, the electric pile output current and the electrode gas consumption.
The predicted value of the cell operating temperature is a value predicted from the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell for a certain period of time in the future. In some embodiments, the predicted cell temperature value may be a predicted cell operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell during the second time.
The second time may be any period of time after the first time. For example, when the first time is 09:00-09:05, the second time may be 09:10-09:15. in some embodiments, the first time and the second time may be consecutive. The first time and the second time may be the same or different in length.
In some embodiments, a predicted value of the cell operating temperature in the second time may be determined based on the cell operating temperature in the first time, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption amount, with reference to historical cell operating data of a hydrogen fuel cell of the same specification, and a time interval of the first time and the second time. The historical cell operation data may include, among other things, historical operating temperatures of the hydrogen fuel cell, historical stack output currents, and historical electrode gas consumption over historical periods of time.
In some embodiments, a predicted value of the operating temperature of the battery at the second time may also be determined by the temperature prediction model based on the operating temperature of the battery at the first time, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption amount. In some embodiments, the electrode gas consumption includes a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption. More on the temperature prediction model can be seen in fig. 3.
In some embodiments, the first electrode is an oxygen/air electrode and the first electrode gas consumption is an oxygen/air consumption.
In some embodiments, the second electrode is an electrode on which hydrogen is present, and the second electrode gas consumption is the consumption of hydrogen.
In some embodiments, the first electrode gas consumption amount and the second electrode gas consumption amount may be obtained by gas flow meters provided to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system may further display a predicted value of the cell operating temperature during the second time, and issue an early warning when the predicted value of the cell operating temperature during the second time is greater than a preset threshold. In some embodiments, the early warning may be graded according to the range in which the predicted value of the battery operating temperature is located. In some embodiments, the alert signal may be issued by the processing device 130 based on control instructions of the controller 120.
In some embodiments, the predicted value of the operating temperature of the battery may be displayed in various ways, such as a thermal infrared imager, a display screen connected to a temperature sensor, or a user terminal.
The preset threshold is an upper temperature limit of the predicted value of the battery operation. The preset threshold value can be set by a system or manually. In some embodiments, the preset threshold may be set according to actual conditions.
When the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery is larger than the preset threshold value, early warning can be sent out in various modes according to the early warning level. For example, when the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery is in a first range, a primary early warning is started, and the early warning mode can be that a red indicator lamp is displayed to continuously flash; and when the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery is in a second range, starting secondary early warning, wherein the early warning mode can be sound alarm. Further description of the first and second ranges may be found in relation to fig. 5.
One or more embodiments in this specification can show battery operating temperature predicted value to carry out hierarchical early warning according to the battery operating temperature predicted value that is located different scope intervals, can in time discover that battery operating temperature is unusual, make battery operating temperature control in normal operating temperature scope, avoid the too high discovery of temperature to cause incident and loss in time.
And S230, determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time.
The battery operating temperature control scheme may include different temperature control schemes. For example, the battery operating temperature may be controlled by liquid cooling, gas cooling, evaporative cooling, and the like.
The liquid cooling refers to that an independent cooling liquid flow channel is designed between electrode plates of the fuel cell, and heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell is taken away by means of forced convection heat exchange of cooling liquid. The cooling fluid may be deionized water or a mixture of water and glycol.
Evaporative cooling refers to the introduction of coolant, typically deionized water, into the system along with air from the cathode side of the hydrogen fuel cell.
In some embodiments, the control scheme for the battery operating temperature may be determined empirically. For example, for fuel cells with a power of more than 5kW, liquid cooling is usually used. As another example, for higher power (e.g., greater than 100 kW) fuel cells, evaporative cooling may be employed.
In some embodiments, when controlling the battery temperature by means of liquid cooling, determining the battery operating temperature control scheme may further comprise determining a flow rate of the first cooling liquid. For more description of the liquid cooling and the determination of the flow rate of the first cooling liquid, reference may be made to fig. 4.
In some embodiments, when controlling the battery temperature by evaporative cooling, the battery operating temperature control scheme may include determining a flow rate of the second cooling fluid. For more details on the evaporative cooling and the determination of the flow rate of the second cooling liquid, reference may be made to fig. 5.
In one or more embodiments of the present description, a predicted value of the cell operating temperature in a second time is determined based on the cell operating temperature in a first time, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption; and determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time, so that the battery working temperature can be predicted in advance, and more effective and safer temperature control of the working temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell is realized.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature prediction model in accordance with some embodiments described herein. As shown in fig. 3, the temperature prediction model 300 includes the following.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may determine the battery operating temperature prediction value 330 for the second time via the temperature prediction model 320.
The temperature prediction model 320 may refer to a model for predicting the operating temperature of the battery. In some embodiments, the temperature prediction model 320 may be a trained machine learning model. The temperature prediction model 320 may be any one or combination of a recurrent neural network model, a convolutional neural network, or other custom model structure.
In some embodiments, the inputs to the temperature prediction model 320 may include the cell operating temperature 310-1, the stack output current 310-2, and the electrode gas consumption 310-3 over the first time. Wherein, the cell operating temperature 310-1 can be obtained by a temperature sensor configured at the electric pile, and the electric pile output current 310-2 can be obtained by an electric current meter configured at the electric pile. The electrode gas consumption 310-3 may include a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption. The first electrode gas consumption amount and the second electrode gas consumption amount may be obtained by gas flow meters provided at the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. For example, the inputs to the temperature prediction model may include a cell operating temperature of 60 ℃ for a first time, a stack output current of 20A, a hydrogen consumption of 100L/min for the first electrode, and an air consumption of 500L/min for the second electrode.
In some embodiments, the input to the temperature prediction model 320 may further include a temperature of the electrode gas 310-4 over the first time, the temperature of the electrode gas 310-4 may include a temperature of the first electrode gas and a temperature of the second electrode gas, and the temperature of the first electrode gas and the temperature of the second electrode gas may be obtained via temperature sensors configured with the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. For example, the input to the temperature prediction model may also include a temperature of 20 ℃ for the first electrode gas (hydrogen) and 28 ℃ for the second electrode gas (air). It is to be understood that the first electrode gas and the second electrode gas may have the same or different temperatures depending on the storage method.
The output of the temperature prediction model 320 may include a battery operating temperature prediction value 330 over the second time. For example, the predicted value of the battery operating temperature at the second time outputted by the temperature prediction model is 80 ℃.
The output of the temperature prediction model 320 may further include a temperature prediction value 340 of the electrode gas for the second time, and the temperature prediction value 340 of the electrode gas may include a temperature prediction value of the first electrode gas and a temperature prediction value of the second electrode gas. For example, the output of the temperature prediction model may further include that the predicted value of the temperature of the first electrode gas is 35 ℃ and the predicted value of the temperature of the second electrode gas is 40 ℃.
In some embodiments, the temperature prediction model 320 may be trained using a plurality of labeled first training samples (e.g., training sample 360). For example, a plurality of first training samples with labels may be input into an initial temperature prediction model, a loss function may be constructed from the labels and the results of the initial temperature prediction model, and parameters of the initial temperature prediction model may be iteratively updated by gradient descent or otherwise based on the loss function. And finishing the model training when the preset conditions are met to obtain a trained temperature prediction model. The preset condition may be that the loss function converges, the number of iterations reaches a threshold, and the like.
In some embodiments, the training samples 360 of the temperature prediction model 320 include the cell operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 110 over a first historical time, the stack output current, the gas consumption of the first electrode, and the gas consumption of the second electrode. In some embodiments, the training samples 360 of the temperature prediction model 320 may further include the temperature of the first electrode gas and the temperature of the second electrode gas over a first historical time, wherein the first historical time may include any historical period of time during which the hydrogen fuel cell 110 is operating. Training samples 360 may be obtained based on historical operating records for various sensors.
In some embodiments, the trained tag may include the actual battery operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 110 over the second historical time. In some embodiments, the trained label may further include an actual temperature of the first electrode gas and an actual temperature of the second electrode gas, wherein the second historical time may be any historical period after the first historical time. The label of the training sample 360 may be obtained based on historical operating records of the temperature sensor. The labels of the training samples 360 may be labeled on a manual basis or in other feasible ways.
In some embodiments, the weighting of the cell operating temperature and the electrode gas temperature in the loss function may be determined according to the magnitude of the stack output current. For example, when the output current of the stack is small, cooling should be performed with emphasis on the operating temperature of the cell, and at this time, a larger loss weight may be set for the operating temperature of the cell, and a smaller loss weight may be set for the electrode gas temperature; when the output current of the stack is large, the battery operating temperature and the electrode gas temperature need to be cooled simultaneously, and in this case, the loss weight of the electrode gas temperature can be increased appropriately. For example, when the stack output current is small, the loss weight of the cell operating temperature may be set to 0.8, and the loss weight of the electrode gas temperature may be set to 0.2; when the output current of the electric pile is larger, the weight loss of the working temperature of the battery can be set to be 0.5, and the weight loss of the temperature of the electrode gas can be set to be 0.5. It will be appreciated that the above examples of loss weights are merely examples, and that in practice the specific values of the loss weights may be set by the system, or manually based on experience.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may train the initial temperature prediction model 350 based on the training samples 360 to obtain the temperature prediction model 320, and determine the battery operating temperature prediction value 330 for the second time based on the temperature prediction model 320.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure reasonably predict the operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the trained temperature prediction model to obtain a predicted value of the operating temperature of the cell, so as to realize predictive temperature regulation and control, and effectively avoid damage to the cell structure caused by an excessively high temperature.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a determination of a temperature control scheme according to some embodiments of the present description. As shown in fig. 4, a method 400 of determining a temperature control scheme includes the following. In some embodiments, the method 400 of determining a temperature control scheme may be performed by the controller 120.
In some embodiments, when the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas is greater than the preset threshold value for the second time, the battery operating temperature control scheme may include controlling the battery temperature by means of evaporative cooling. Wherein the preset threshold may refer to a highest temperature of a safe temperature range of the electrode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell. The preset threshold may be a system default, an empirical value, a manually preset value, or the like, or any combination thereof, and may be set according to actual requirements. For example, in general, the safe temperature range of the electrode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell is-10 ℃ to 46 ℃, and 46 ℃ can be used as the preset threshold value.
Evaporative cooling may refer to entering the system with coolant and air together from the second electrode side of the hydrogen fuel cell 110, the coolant may be used to humidify the air, increasing the water content of the proton exchange membrane, increasing the performance of the fuel cell, and at the same time, most of the coolant may be carried by the air into the reaction heat source core area to be evaporated away, taking away the heat generated by the reaction. The load of the cooling water pump and the radiator can be greatly reduced by evaporative cooling.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may acquire a determination result of whether the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas is greater than a preset threshold value for the second time from the processing apparatus 130, and when the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas is greater than the preset threshold value for the second time, the controller 120 controls the hydrogen fuel cell 110 to control the cell temperature by evaporative cooling. Wherein the determination result of the processing apparatus 130 determining whether the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time is greater than the preset threshold value includes obtaining the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time through the temperature prediction model, and comparing the predicted value of the temperature with the preset threshold value. For more on the temperature prediction model, see fig. 3 and its description.
In some embodiments, determining the battery operating temperature control scheme may further include determining a flow rate of the second cooling fluid. For more details on determining the flow rate of the second cooling liquid, reference may be made to fig. 5 and its associated description.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure predict the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time through the temperature prediction model, fully consider the influence of the temperature of the electrode gas on the operating temperature of the battery, increase the accuracy of the predicted value of the operating temperature of the battery, and simultaneously, the newly increased output (i.e., the temperature of the electrode gas) of the temperature prediction model may also be used to regulate and control the operating temperature of the battery, thereby implementing temperature control of the hydrogen fuel cell.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a determined temperature control scheme according to further embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the process 500 includes the following, and in some embodiments, the process 500 may be performed by the controller 120.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control method further includes:
s510: and judging whether the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time is in the first range or the second range.
The first range may refer to any temperature range within the range of the safe operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell, which is close to the highest safe operating temperature, and may be determined according to the safe operating temperature ranges and practical experience of different hydrogen fuel cells. For example, the safe operating temperature range of an Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) is 50 to 100 ℃, and the first range may be a temperature interval of 80 to 100 ℃; for another example, the safe operating temperature range of the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) may be 100 to 300 ℃, and the first range may be a temperature range of 200 to 300 ℃.
The second range may refer to a temperature range higher than the first safe operating range of the hydrogen fuel cell, and may be determined according to the safe operating temperature range and practical experience of different hydrogen fuel cells. For example, the safe operating temperature range of the Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) is 50 to 100 ℃, and the second range may be a temperature interval of 100 ℃ or higher; for example, the safe operating temperature range of the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) is 100 to 300 ℃, and the first range may be a temperature range of 300 ℃ or more.
Taking an Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) as an example, if the predicted value of the operating temperature of the cell at the second time outputted by the temperature prediction model is 90 ℃, the predicted value of the temperature is in the first range, and if the predicted value of the operating temperature of the cell at the second time outputted by the temperature prediction model is 110 ℃, the predicted value of the temperature is in the second range.
S520: and if the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time is in the first range, adopting liquid cooling, and determining the flow rate of the first cooling liquid by a vector matching method.
The liquid cooling may refer to that an independent coolant flow channel is designed between the electrode plates of the hydrogen fuel cell 110, and heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 110 is removed by means of forced convection heat transfer of the coolant.
The first coolant may refer to a coolant for liquid-cooling the hydrogen fuel cell. The first coolant may be located in the coolant flow passage.
In some embodiments, determining the battery operating temperature control scheme includes determining a flow rate of the first cooling fluid. The flow velocity of the first cooling liquid may refer to a velocity of the first cooling liquid flowing in the cooling liquid flow passage, for example, 5m/s.
The flow rate of the first cooling liquid may be determined in a number of ways. For example, the flow rate of the first cooling liquid may be a system default value, an empirical value, an artificial preset value, or the like, or any combination thereof, and may be set according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the first cooling liquid may also be determined based on other means, for example, based on a vector match determination.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may construct a temperature feature vector corresponding to the second time based on the temperature features of the fuel cell at the second time. And matching the temperature characteristic vector with a reference vector in a database to further determine the flow speed of the first cooling liquid. Wherein the temperature characteristic of the fuel cell at the second time includes at least a predicted value of the cell operating temperature at the second time and a predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas at the second time.
The temperature characteristic vector is a vector constructed based on a predicted value of the operating temperature of the battery at a second time and a predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas at the second time, wherein the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas at the second time comprises a predicted value of the temperature of the first electrode gas and a predicted value of the temperature of the second electrode gas. The vector may be constructed in a variety of ways. For example, the temperature feature vector P is constructed based on the temperature features (X, Y1, Y2) of the fuel cell in the second time. Wherein the temperature characteristic (X, Y1, Y2) indicates that the cell operating temperature of the fuel cell in the second time is X, the predicted value of the first electrode gas temperature is Y1, and the predicted value of the second electrode gas temperature is Y2.
The database includes a plurality of historical feature vectors, each historical feature vector of the plurality of historical feature vectors having a corresponding historical first coolant flow rate.
The historical feature vectors are composed based on historical data of the hydrogen fuel cell temperature control, and each historical feature vector can contain historical first cooling liquid flow rate associated with historical temperature features. The historical feature vector may be constructed in a number of ways. For example, the historical feature vector may be (M, N1, N2, S1). And M is the actual working temperature value of the battery at the second historical time, N1 is the actual temperature value of the first electrode gas at the second historical time, N2 is the actual temperature value of the second electrode gas at the second historical time, and S1 is the flow rate of the first historical cooling liquid. In some embodiments, the elements in the historical feature vector may also include a historical second coolant flow rate S2. The historical data is a historical data record of the actual requirement of the cooling effect.
And constructing a reference vector based on the historical characteristic vector, wherein all elements except the cooling liquid flow speed characteristic in the historical characteristic vector are in one-to-one correspondence with the historical characteristic vector.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may determine the first coolant flow rate corresponding to the temperature eigenvector by calculating distances between the temperature eigenvector and the plurality of reference vectors, respectively. For example, a reference vector whose distance from the temperature feature vector satisfies a predetermined condition is selected as a candidate reference vector from among the plurality of reference vectors, and the flow rate of the historical first cooling liquid included in the historical feature vector corresponding to the candidate reference vector is determined as the target flow rate of the first cooling liquid for cooling the battery, based on the historical feature vector corresponding to the candidate reference vector.
The preset condition can be determined according to actual conditions. For example, the preset condition may be that the vector distance is minimum or the vector distance is less than a distance threshold, etc. Vector distances include, but are not limited to, euclidean distances, cosine distances, mahalanobis distances, chebyshev distances, and/or Manhattan distances, among others.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure use the flow rate of the first cooling liquid corresponding to the reference feature vector as a parameter for adjusting the operating temperature of the cell, so that the flow rate of the first cooling liquid can be accurately determined, and the temperature control of the hydrogen fuel cell can be further implemented.
Some embodiments of this description dispel the heat to hydrogen fuel cell through liquid cooling's mode, rely on first coolant liquid forced convection heat transfer, can effectively take away the heat that fuel cell working process produced, and then realize hydrogen fuel cell's temperature control.
S530: and if the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time is in a second range, evaporative cooling is adopted, and the flow rate of the second cooling liquid is determined through a model.
The second coolant refers to a coolant for evaporative cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell, and enters the inside of the hydrogen fuel cell from the second electrode side together with air (oxygen).
In some embodiments, determining the battery operating temperature control scheme further comprises determining a flow rate of the second cooling fluid. The flow velocity of the second cooling liquid refers to the velocity of the cooling liquid flowing in the pipe, for example, 5m/s.
The flow rate of the second cooling liquid may be determined in a number of ways. For example, the flow rate of the second cooling liquid may be a system default value, an empirical value, an artificial preset value, or the like, or any combination thereof, and may be set according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the second cooling liquid may also be determined based on other means, for example, based on a predictive model.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may determine the flow rate of the second cooling fluid through a second cooling parameter prediction model, inputs of which may include a predicted value 330 of the operating temperature of the battery over a second time, a predicted value 340 of the temperature of the electrode gas over the second time, and an output may include the flow rate of the second cooling fluid. And obtaining a predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time and a predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time through a temperature prediction model. For more details on the temperature prediction model, reference may be made to fig. 3 and its associated description.
In some embodiments, the second cooling parameter prediction model may be trained using a plurality of labeled second training samples. For example, a plurality of labeled second training samples may be input to the initial second cooling parameter prediction model, and a loss function may be constructed from the labels and the output of the initial second cooling parameter prediction model. The parameters of the initial second cooling parameter determination model are iteratively updated by gradient descent or other methods based on the loss function. And finishing the model training when the preset conditions are met to obtain a trained second cooling parameter prediction model. The preset condition may be that the loss function converges, the number of iterations reaches a threshold, and the like.
In some embodiments, the second training sample may include historical operating temperature values for the battery, historical temperature values for the electrode gas over a second historical time. The label may include a historical actual flow rate of the second cooling fluid. In some embodiments, the second training sample and its label may be obtained based on the temperature control history of the hydrogen fuel cell 110. For example, the temperature control history is determined according to the history that the cooling effect reaches the actual requirement in the temperature control history.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may also use both liquid cooling and evaporative cooling.
In some embodiments, the controller 120 may determine the flow rate of the first cooling fluid and the flow rate of the second cooling fluid via a cooling parameter prediction model. The input of the cooling parameter prediction model may include a predicted value 330 of the operating temperature of the battery for the second time, a predicted value 340 of the temperature of the electrode gas for the second time, and the output may include a flow rate of the first cooling liquid and a flow rate of the second cooling liquid. And obtaining a predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time and a predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time through a temperature prediction model. For more details on the temperature prediction model, reference may be made to fig. 3 and its associated description.
In some embodiments, the cooling parameter prediction model may be trained using a plurality of labeled third training samples. For example, a plurality of third training samples with labels may be input to the initial cooling parameter prediction model, and a loss function may be constructed from the labels and the output of the initial cooling parameter prediction model. Parameters of the initial cooling parameter determination model are iteratively updated by gradient descent or other methods based on the loss function. And completing model training when preset conditions are met to obtain a trained cooling parameter prediction model. The preset condition may be that the loss function converges, the number of iterations reaches a threshold, and the like.
In some embodiments, the third training sample may include historical operating temperature values of the battery, historical temperature values of the electrode gas over a second historical time. The label may include a historical actual flow rate of the first cooling fluid and a historical actual flow rate of the second cooling fluid. In some embodiments, the third training sample and its label may be obtained based on the temperature control history of the hydrogen fuel cell 110.
Some embodiments of the present description radiate the hydrogen fuel cell by means of evaporative cooling, which can greatly reduce the load of the cooling water pump and the radiator, and can effectively take away the heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell, thereby realizing the temperature control of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Fig. 6 is a system block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to some embodiments herein. As shown in fig. 6, the hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control system 600 includes the following components.
As shown in fig. 6, the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system 600 may include an acquisition module 610, a first determination module 620, and a second determination module 630.
In some embodiments, the obtaining module 610 is configured to obtain the cell operating temperature, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption amount at a first time.
In some embodiments, the first determination module 620 is configured to determine a predicted value of the operating temperature of the battery at the second time based on the operating temperature of the battery at the first time, the output current of the stack, and the consumption amount of the electrode gas. In some embodiments, the first determining module 610 is further configured to determine, through a temperature prediction model, a predicted value of the battery operating temperature at a second time based on the battery operating temperature at the first time, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption; the electrode gas consumption includes a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption.
In some embodiments, the second determination module 630 is configured to determine the battery operating temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery operating temperature over the second time. In some embodiments, the second determining module 630 is further configured to control the battery temperature by evaporative cooling when the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time is greater than a preset threshold. In some embodiments, the second determining module 630 is further configured to control the battery temperature by liquid cooling when the predicted value of the battery operating temperature at the second time is in the first range; determining the battery operating temperature control scheme includes determining a flow rate of the first cooling fluid. In some embodiments, the second determining module 630 is further configured to control the battery temperature by evaporative cooling when the predicted value of the battery operating temperature at the second time is in a second range; determining the battery operating temperature control scheme further includes determining a flow rate of the second cooling fluid.
It should be noted that the above description of the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system 600 is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present description. Various modifications and adaptations may occur to those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure. However, such changes and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present specification. For example, one or more of the modules of the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system 600 described above may be omitted or integrated into a single module. For another example, the hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system 600 may include one or more additional modules, such as a storage module for data storage, and the like.
Having thus described the basic concept, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative only and not as limiting the present specification. Various modifications, improvements and adaptations to the present description may occur to those skilled in the art, although not explicitly described herein. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be suggested in this specification, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.
Also, the description uses specific words to describe embodiments of the description. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the specification is included. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, some features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the specification may be combined as appropriate.
Additionally, the order in which the elements and sequences of the process are recited in the specification, the use of alphanumeric characters, or other designations, is not intended to limit the order in which the processes and methods of the specification occur, unless otherwise specified in the claims. While certain presently contemplated useful embodiments of the invention have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure by way of various examples, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the embodiments herein described. For example, although the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented by software-only solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.
Similarly, it should be noted that in the preceding description of embodiments of the present specification, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features than are expressly recited in a claim. Indeed, the embodiments may be characterized as having less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
Numerals describing the number of components, attributes, etc. are used in some embodiments, it being understood that such numerals used in the description of the embodiments are modified in some instances by the use of the modifier "about", "approximately" or "substantially". Unless otherwise indicated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicates that the number allows a variation of ± 20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties of the individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameter should take into account the specified significant digits and employ a general digit preserving approach. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the range are approximations, in the specific examples, such numerical values are set forth as precisely as possible within the scope of the application.
For each patent, patent application publication, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, etc., cited in this specification, the entire contents of each are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification. Except where the application history document is inconsistent or contrary to the present specification, and except where the application history document is inconsistent or contrary to the present specification, the application history document is not inconsistent or contrary to the present specification, but is to be read in the broadest scope of the present claims (either currently or hereafter added to the present specification). It is to be understood that the descriptions, definitions and/or uses of terms in the accompanying materials of this specification shall control if they are inconsistent or contrary to the descriptions and/or uses of terms in this specification.
Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other variations are also possible within the scope of this description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the specification can be considered consistent with the teachings of the specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present description are not limited to only those embodiments explicitly described and depicted herein.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control method, characterized by comprising:
acquiring the working temperature of the battery, the output current of the electric pile and the electrode gas consumption in a first time, wherein the electrode gas consumption comprises a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption;
determining a predicted value of the cell working temperature in a second time based on the cell working temperature in the first time, the cell stack output current and the electrode gas consumption; and
and determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a predicted value of the cell operation temperature in the second time based on the cell operation temperature in the first time, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption amount includes:
determining a predicted value of the cell operating temperature in the second time through a temperature prediction model based on the cell operating temperature in the first time, the stack output current and the electrode gas consumption; the electrode gas consumption includes a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control method according to claim 2, wherein the input of the temperature prediction model further includes the temperature of the electrode gas for the first time, and the output of the temperature prediction model further includes a predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas for a second time, wherein the temperature of the electrode gas includes the temperature of the first electrode gas and the temperature of the second electrode gas;
the method further comprises the following steps:
and when the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time is greater than a preset threshold value, controlling the temperature of the battery in an evaporative cooling mode by using the battery working temperature control scheme.
4. The hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
when the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time is in a first range, the working temperature control scheme of the battery comprises the step of controlling the temperature of the battery in a liquid cooling mode;
the determining a battery operating temperature control scheme includes determining a flow rate of a first cooling fluid.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
when the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time is in a second range, the battery working temperature control scheme comprises controlling the battery temperature in an evaporative cooling mode;
the determining the battery operating temperature control scheme further includes determining a flow rate of the second cooling fluid.
6. A hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system is characterized by comprising an acquisition module, a first determination module and a second determination module;
the obtaining module is used for obtaining the working temperature of the battery, the output current of the electric pile and the electrode gas consumption in a first time, wherein the electrode gas consumption comprises a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption;
the first determination module is used for determining a predicted value of the battery working temperature in a second time based on the battery working temperature, the electric pile output current and the electrode gas consumption in the first time;
the second determination module is used for determining a battery working temperature control scheme based on the predicted value of the battery working temperature in the second time.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to claim 6, wherein the first determination module is further configured to determine the predicted value of the cell operating temperature at the second time through a temperature prediction model based on the cell operating temperature at the first time, the stack output current, and the electrode gas consumption amount; the electrode gas consumption includes a first electrode gas consumption and a second electrode gas consumption.
8. The hydrogen fuel cell operation temperature control system according to claim 7, wherein the input of the temperature prediction model further includes the temperature of the electrode gas for the first time, and the output of the temperature prediction model further includes a predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas for a second time, wherein the temperature of the electrode gas includes the temperature of the first electrode gas and the temperature of the second electrode gas;
the second determination module is further to:
and when the predicted value of the temperature of the electrode gas in the second time is greater than a preset threshold value, controlling the temperature of the battery in an evaporative cooling mode.
9. The hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to claim 6, wherein the second determination module is further configured to:
when the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time is in a first range, controlling the temperature of the battery in a liquid cooling mode; the determining battery operating temperature control scheme includes determining a flow rate of a first cooling fluid.
10. The hydrogen fuel cell operating temperature control system according to claim 6, wherein the second determination module is further configured to:
when the predicted value of the working temperature of the battery in the second time is in a second range, controlling the temperature of the battery in an evaporative cooling mode; the determining the battery operating temperature control scheme further includes determining a flow rate of the second cooling fluid.
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| CN115221798A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-10-21 | 中南大学 | Battery thermal process space-time modeling prediction method, system, equipment and medium |
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| CN116321985A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-23 | 江阴市富仁高科股份有限公司 | Multimedia screen with cooling structure |
| CN116321985B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2024-02-27 | 江阴市富仁高科股份有限公司 | Multimedia screen with cooling structure |
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