CN115574462A

CN115574462A - Heat pump water heater and control method

Info

Publication number: CN115574462A
Application number: CN202210414583.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 伍柏峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-04-20
Filing date: 2022-04-20
Publication date: 2023-01-06
Also published as: WO2023201793A1

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of water heaters, and particularly relates to a heat pump water heater and a control method thereof. The utility model provides a heat pump water heater, includes water tank, compressor, evaporimeter, condenser, throttling arrangement, temperature sensor, the control unit, still includes the unit one that generates heat, hot water surplus induction element, rivers induction element, assists the heat facility, the mounting means of the unit one that generates heat makes it can heat the water of water tank output, assist the heat facility and be arranged in carrying out the auxiliary heating to the water in the water tank, hot water surplus induction element is arranged in judging the hydrothermal surplus in the water tank, according to hot water surplus, temperature and the information control of rivers induction element the unit one that generates heat and assist the operating condition of heat facility. A control method of a heat pump water heater, the control method comprising the steps of: step 1, obtaining hot water allowance, temperature and water flow state information; and 2, controlling the working states of the heat pump, the first heating unit and the auxiliary heating device according to the information.

Description

Heat pump water heater and control method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of water heaters, and particularly relates to a heat pump water heater and a control method thereof.

Background

The existing heat pump water heater has some problems, the volume is large, and the installation of urban users is limited; because the outdoor unit needs to be installed outdoors, the evaporator frosts to cause the evaporator to be not good for use in cold regions; the outdoor unit and the water tank are integrated, but the compressor has too large power, cold air is blown, the outdoor unit is not suitable for being placed indoors in winter, the outdoor unit is installed outdoors, the efficiency is low due to the frosting problem, and the electric heating pipe can only be used for heating in cold weather. The heat exchange area of the evaporator and the condenser is matched with the power of the compressor, the power of the compressor is large, the area of the corresponding heat exchanger is increased in proportion, the cost is high, the heat pump water heater is used for small household hot water, particularly for rural use, the old people are always in a water saving mode at ordinary times, the cost of saving electricity is offset by the extra purchase cost of the heat pump water heater, the installation position of the heat pump water heater is far away from the water using end, the experience is poor, most users can select the electric water storage type water heater, and the popularity of the energy-saving product of the heat pump water heater is low. In order to solve the problem, some manufacturers develop wall-mounted air energy water heaters, the capacity of a water tank is about 80 liters, a compressor of about 150W is adopted, and an electric heating pipe of about 3000W is installed in the water tank. For example, after a part of hot water in a water tank is used, if a heat pump is adopted for heating alone, the heating is too slow due to too low power, even more than 8 hours can be needed for heating a container of water in winter, in order to enable a user to have hot water available at any time, an electric heating pipe and the heat pump are only adopted for heating together, the electric heating pipe can stop heating the water temperature to more than 45 ℃ at least, the old people can stop heating even to 50 ℃, and the space left for the heat pump to heat alone is almost not available, which is the reason why the power of a compressor needs to be increased for a household heat pump water heater. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the heat pump water heater is also affected by water scales, when the water scales are generated on the surface of the condenser, the heat conductivity is reduced by dozens of times or more, and the heat pump is low in efficiency and even cannot heat. Meanwhile, the heat pump water heater also deposits a large amount of silt, bacteria, algae and scale, and the bacteria are bred at the water temperature of the heat pump water heater, so that the water sanitation is influenced.

In order to solve the problems of the existing heat pump water heater, the invention provides a new scheme, solves a series of problems of the existing heat pump water heater, such as installation space limitation, installation region limitation, energy conservation, water scale, cost and the like, creates sufficient conditions for the wider popularization of the heat pump water heater and even the replacement of other types of water heaters, and can make great contribution to global energy conservation and emission reduction.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior water heater technology, the invention provides a new technical scheme.

The object of the invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

the utility model provides a heat pump water heater, includes water tank, compressor, evaporimeter, condenser, throttling arrangement, temperature sensor, the control unit, still includes the unit that generates heat, hot water surplus induction element, rivers induction element, assists the heat facility, the mounting means of the unit that generates heat makes it can heat the water that the water tank flows out, assist the heat facility and be arranged in carrying out the auxiliary heating to the water in the water tank, hot water surplus induction element is arranged in judging the surplus of available hot water in the water tank, according to hot water surplus, temperature and the signal control of rivers induction element generate heat the operating condition of unit one and assist the heat facility.

Optionally, the auxiliary heating device includes a water flow driving device and a water flow control device, the water tank, the first heating unit, the water flow driving device and the water flow control device are connected together to form an auxiliary heating loop, the water flow driving device drives water flow to circularly heat a heat storage medium in the water tank through the first heating unit, the water flow driving device can be further used for one or more of water outlet pressurization, zero cold water circulation and automatic cleaning, and the water flow control device is used for one or more of water flow direction limitation, water flow path switching, cold and hot water ratio control and flow control.

Optionally, the heat pump water heater further comprises a sedimentation device, the sedimentation device is connected in series to the water outlet channel of the heat pump water heater, the water inlet end of the water flow driving device is communicated with the bottom of the water tank, and the sedimentation device is located on the flow path of the water flow driving device.

Further, the water flow control device comprises a stepping motor and a valve.

Optionally, the hot water residual sensing unit at least comprises two temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are installed at different water level heights of the water tank, the temperature of the water tank is measured according to the temperature sensors at different positions, and the hot water residual is calculated.

Optionally, the hot water residual sensing unit includes the water flow sensing unit and at least one temperature sensor, and the current hot water residual of the water tank is estimated according to data of the temperature sensor, the hot water output measured by the water flow sensing unit, and working parameters of the auxiliary heating device and the heat pump.

Optionally, the auxiliary heating device includes a second heating unit, and the second heating unit is used for heating water in the water tank.

Optionally, the control unit, the first heating unit, the water flow sensing unit, the water flow driving device and the water flow control device are integrated together to form an auxiliary module, the auxiliary module can be further integrated with the heat pump component together to form a heating module, and a module structure convenient to assemble and disassemble is formed by matching the water flow interface, the electronic and electrical interface and the fastening device with the heat storage module.

A control method of a heat pump water heater, the control method comprising the steps of:

step 1, obtaining hot water allowance, temperature and water flow state information;

step 2, controlling the working states of the heat pump, the first heating unit and the auxiliary heating device according to the information;

optionally, the control method further includes:

step 1, comparing the hot water temperature t at the bottom of the water tank with the set temperature t0 of the water tank, if the temperature is lower than the set temperature of the water tank, starting the heat pump, otherwise, stopping the heat pump, and executing step 2;

step 2, obtaining the residual quantity Q of available hot water in the water tank;

step 3, whether the effluent water flow sensing unit is started? If not, executing the step 4; if yes, executing step 6;

step 4, whether the residual quantity Q of hot water in the water tank is less than N1? If yes, executing step 5; if not, returning to the step 1;

step 5, executing an auxiliary heating mode, and returning to the step 1;

step 6, comparing whether the upper temperature t1 of the water tank is greater than or equal to the set outlet temperature t2? If yes, executing step 7; if not, executing step 14;

step 7, whether the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank is greater than N2? If yes, executing step 13, otherwise, executing step 8;

step 8, whether the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank is greater than N3? If yes, executing step 12, otherwise, executing step 9;

step 9, whether the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank is greater than N4? If yes, executing step 11, otherwise, executing step 10;

step 10, returning to the step 1 in a high-grade auxiliary heating water supply mode;

step 11, returning to the step 1 in a medium-grade auxiliary heating water supply mode;

step 12, returning to the step 1 in a low-grade auxiliary heating water supply mode;

step 13, returning to the step 1 in a non-auxiliary heat water supply mode;

and 14, comparing whether the upper temperature t1 of the water tank is less than the set outlet water temperature t2-q1, if so, executing the step 10, and if not, executing the step 8.

Advantageous effects

According to the heat pump water heater and the control method, through a series of innovative designs of the traditional heat pump water heater, the heat pump water heater can reduce the power of a very large low compressor without influencing normal use and without influencing energy-saving effect, the volumes of an evaporator and a condenser are reduced in proportion, the volume of the whole water heater is equivalent to that of a common water storage type water heater with the same volume, and the installation position of urban users is not limited; meanwhile, no matter the heat pump water heater is integrated or split, the main machine can be installed indoors, the indoor temperature is high, and the power of the compressor is low, so that the indoor temperature and the attractiveness are not basically influenced, and the heat pump water heater can be used in any cold area, and the regional limitation is eliminated. The invention also realizes the functions of automatic scale removal, automatic cleaning, constant-temperature water outlet, water outlet pressurization, zero cold water circulation, hot water temperature increase and capacity increase and the like on the premise of hardly increasing the cost. The invention can be used in the heat pump water heater of the traditional high-power compressor, and has the outstanding advantages of effectively removing water scale, rapidly providing hot water by the hot water rising downwards from the top, effectively increasing the volume of the outlet water by heating and the like. If a low-power compressor scheme is adopted, compared with the traditional heat pump water heater, the cost is saved, the air can be used by more extensive people, and great contribution can be made to energy conservation and emission reduction.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wall-mounted integrated heat pump water heater

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wall-mounted integrated heat pump water heater

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wall-mounted integrated heat pump water heater

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a vertical integrated heat pump water heater

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vertical integrated heat pump water heater

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a vertical integrated heat pump water heater

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a vertical split heat pump water heater

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a vertical split heat pump water heater

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a vertical split heat pump water heater

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the first embodiment

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a module scheme II

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a heat pump water heater control method

FIG. 13 is a logic diagram of a control method for a heat pump water heater

In the figure:

1. the system comprises a water tank 2, a compressor 3, an evaporator 4, a condenser 5, a first heating unit 6, a water flow driving device 7, a water flow sensing unit 8, a water flow control device 9, a throttling device 10, a settling device 11, a one-way valve 12, a temperature sensor 13, a water inlet end 14, a hot water extension pipe 15, a water outlet pipe 16, a heat pump host 17, a cold water spray head 18, a second water outlet pipe 19, a hot water communicating pipe 20, a cleaning spray head 21, a circulating water inlet pipe 22, a circulating water outlet pipe 23, a second heating unit 24, a water outlet end 25, a common branch 26, a heat pump module 27, an auxiliary module 28, a heat storage module 29 and a heating module

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict, and any solution that can be easily conceived by the present patent is within the scope of protection of the present patent. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.

Appointing: 1. in this specification, heating portions integrated with a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a throttle device, and the like are collectively referred to as a heat pump; 2. the water flow driving device 06 includes but is not limited to a water pump, and the water pump is equivalent to the water flow driving device for convenience of appointment in this specification; 3. the auxiliary heating and the auxiliary heat circulation heating both refer to auxiliary heating of water in the water tank or secondary heating of water flowing out of the water tank by a heater other than a heat pump, the auxiliary heating includes but is not limited to auxiliary heat circulation heating, and the water in the water tank is heated when a water pump participates in heating when the heating is proved in a circulation double word. 4. The schematic drawings show the pipeline in the form of straight lines, and the pipeline in the form of a drainage pipe (for example) is drawn.

Example one

Fig. 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams of a first embodiment, which is a plurality of structural forms of a horizontal heat pump water heater. As shown in fig. 1, the compressor 02, the evaporator 03, the condenser 04, and the throttling device 09 constitute the main portions of the heat pump. The water outlet secondary heating and auxiliary heating circulating heating part is formed by the first heating unit 05, the water flow driving device 06, the water flow control device 08, the sedimentation device 10, the one-way valve 11 and a plurality of connecting pipelines, and the first heating unit 05 can carry out secondary heating on water output by the water tank and can also carry out auxiliary heating circulating heating on water stored in the water tank. The control unit (i.e. the control circuit board, not shown in the figure) can calculate the residual quantity of the hot water in the water tank 01 according to the temperature values of the plurality of temperature sensors 12, and compare the residual quantity with a set value, so as to determine whether the heating unit needs to perform secondary heating on the water output by the pair of output heating units or perform auxiliary heat circulation heating on the water in the water tank. In the first diagram, a plurality of temperature sensors 12 are used to measure the temperature of water at different water levels, and the hot water residual is calculated according to the temperature and the position of each sensor. Fig. 1 shows a total of 4 temperature sensors (although other numbers of temperature sensors are possible), one is installed at the bottom of the water tank and senses the water temperature at the bottom, and the temperature sensor is used for determining the starting and stopping of the heat pump; three temperature sensors are arranged at the middle upper part of the water tank and are used for measuring the water temperature of the water tank at corresponding height positions, when the size of the water tank is determined, the corresponding height positions correspond to corresponding water quantity, such as a 100-liter water tank, the temperature sensors are arranged in the middle, and the value of the temperature sensors can be used for determining that at least 50 liters of water is not less than the temperature value. However, the hot water residual quantity is not accurately measured by only one sensor (two sensors including bottom temperature measurement, and the hot water residual quantity sensing unit in the claims includes a bottom sensor including at least two temperature sensors), for example, the temperature of the hot water at the upper layer may be much higher than that of the installation position of the sensor, so that the available hot water residual quantity is excessively estimated, and the electric auxiliary heat is excessively used, and the energy consumption is increased. However, it is also possible to use only one sensor to detect the remaining amount of hot water by installing the temperature sensor at a suitable position, for example, a position (of course, another value) 60-80 liters away from the amount of water on the top of the hot water is installed at the position, and when the temperature of the temperature sensor at this position is lower than a certain temperature value (for example, 30 degrees), the auxiliary heating is used to heat to this temperature value, so that the water heater can provide at least 60-80 liters of hot water at 45 degrees at least under the condition of auxiliary heating of the heating unit. Of course, the tank temperature detection only uses two temperature sensors (one of them must detect the tank bottom temperature, and certainly, the temperature sensor is installed at a higher position by sacrificing the estimation of the bottom water temperature, and the protection scope of the patent) to detect the hot water residual inaccurately, which increases the energy consumption anyway. The hot water residual quantity can be estimated more accurately by installing a plurality of sensors at different heights. When the water heater does not supply hot water to the outside, when the measured hot water residual quantity in the water tank can not meet the requirement of one-time bathing through starting the heating unit and auxiliary heating, the hot water residual quantity in the water tank needs to be quickly made to meet the requirement of one-time bathing, and thus, good user experience can be achieved. When the first heating unit 05 is needed to assist in heating water in the water tank, the water flow control device 08 cuts off the hot water communicating pipe 19 to communicate the common branch 25 and the water discharge pipe 15, the water flow driving device 06 is started, water in the water tank flows into the top of the water tank through the water discharge pipe 15, the water flow control device 08, the water flow driving device 06, the first heating unit 05, the sedimentation device 10, the one-way valve 11 and the water flow sensing unit 07 and then flows into the top of the water tank through the hot water extension pipe 14, and at the moment, the water flow control device can also adjust the temperature by controlling the size of the water flow, so that circularly heated water flows into the water tank at a set temperature, for example, the temperature can be set to be 28 degrees (as the water in the first heating unit is secondarily heated, the temperature is lower as much as possible, and more space is reserved for independently heating the heat pump). The hot water in the mode is expanded downwards from the top, so that the mixing of cold water and hot water is avoided, the heating quantity of hot water can be determined according to the requirement, for example, the circular heating is stopped after the temperature sensor N reaches a certain temperature value, the installation position of the temperature sensor N is also provided with a request, for example, the capacity from the installation position to the top of the water tank is 60 liters, and at the moment, when the temperature sensor N senses the water temperature to be 28 ℃, at least 60 liters of hot water at 28 ℃ in the water tank can be determined. The calculation of the hot water residual amount in the case of a plurality of sensors includes at least the following two methods: 1. a sectional calculation method is characterized in that a section parallel to the horizontal plane of a water tank is made according to the installation position of a sensor, the water temperature between the sections of two temperature sensors is based on the sensor with a lower position, the water quantity between the sections is multiplied by the water temperature to obtain a value, the value of each sensor is added to obtain the residual quantity of hot water, the sensor at the top is the volume formed by the cross section of the sensor and the horizontal plane of the hot water in the water tank, when the geometric shape of the water tank and the position of each sensor are determined, the volume of each layer of water is determined and directly stored in software, and the temperature value of each sensor is multiplied by the temperature value of each sensor and then accumulated; 2. the average calculation method is that the temperature of three sensors installed at the upper part of the water tank in figure 1 is added, then three are divided to obtain an average value, then the average value is multiplied by the volume (water quantity) formed by the lowest one of the three sensors and the hot water level in the water tank, the fixed value is obtained after the water tank shape state and the installation position of the sensors are determined, the fixed value is directly stored in a software element, and the hot water residual quantity can be obtained only by calculating the average value of the three temperature sensors and multiplying the average value by the fixed value. The above hot water residual quantity can also consider a temperature threshold value, when the water temperature is lower than the temperature threshold value, the water temperature is directly set to be zero, for example, when the water temperature is 18 degrees, the proper water quantity can not be obtained under the proper temperature through the auxiliary heating of the heating unit, and the significance is not realized. From the viewpoint of energy saving, when the heat generating unit is operated, the heat pump system is also necessarily operated at the same time. The water amount required by one bath is different for each user, so the value can be designed to be adjusted by the user, or the value can be set to be higher by the factory of a company (so the energy-saving effect is not good, and excessive electric heating can be caused when the capacity of the water tank is not large enough). Because of some characteristics of heat pump heating, a common heat pump can only heat hot water to about 55 ℃, although a medium-high temperature heat pump can heat the hot water to a higher temperature, the cost is increased, and the problem of scale formation of a condenser is also increased (once a heat exchanger scales, the heating efficiency is extremely low), so when electric auxiliary heating is needed, the heating temperature of a water tank is better as low as possible. This is the reason that this patent must make first heating unit 05 can go out water secondary heating to the water tank, for example makes the power of first heating unit 5KW, can make the water of 5 litres of flow of per minute rise the temperature about 15 degrees, only needs to heat the water storage in the water tank to 30 degrees like this, just can provide 45 degrees hot water through first secondary heating of heating unit. Meanwhile, as mentioned above, the structure of the invention makes the circularly heated hot water expand from the top down, the electric auxiliary heat does not need to heat the water in the whole water tank to 30 ℃, but only 60 liters or other water amount can be selected, and the heat pump is adopted to heat alone after one person bathes, thus improving the energy-saving effect with maximum efficiency. As long as one person can always take a bath at the fastest speed, the practical effect is equivalent to infinite water quantity in relay bath. In the actual scene of household use, a large amount of water is generally used in the evening, but some people who are used to take a bath in the morning use a large amount of water in the morning, no matter in the morning or in the evening, even if the power of the compressor is 150W (actually, the heat generation is about 570W), when the temperature of tap water is 5 ℃, the water heater has enough time to heat the water by only utilizing the heat pump to lift 150L-180L of water by 50 degrees, and if the volume of the water tank is large, such as 200L, the power of the compressor is only required to be about 200W. The electric auxiliary heating structure and the hot water residual quantity sensing can solve the problem that when the hot water of the small-power heat pump runs short, a long time (possibly more than 8 hours or even 10 hours) is needed for heating the whole tank of hot water again to reach the available temperature. The energy-saving water heater has multiple brand-new functions of sensing the residual quantity of hot water, secondarily heating the discharged water and heating the hot water from the top downwards, so that the electric auxiliary heat can be properly used as little as possible, and the optimal energy-saving effect is achieved. The traditional heat pump water heater needs to adopt high power, namely, the requirement that hot water is available at any time or as soon as possible is met, but even if the power is 1.5 times, the efficiency is low or even the hot water cannot be heated when the temperature is too low in winter, an electric heater arranged in a water tank needs to assist in heating, but a heater arranged in the water tank cannot carry out secondary heating on outlet water, so that the whole tank of water needs to be directly heated to the bathing temperature, such as 45 ℃, little space for the heat pump to independently heat is reserved, and the efficiency is lower when the water is in a high-temperature area. As shown in fig. 1, when the water heater supplies hot water to the outside, cold water enters from the water inlet end 13 under the pressure of tap water, hot water in the water tank flows out through the hot water extension pipe 14, the hot water communicating pipe 19, the water flow control device 08, the common branch 25, the water flow driving device 06, the first heating unit 05, the sedimentation device 10, the water flow sensing unit 07 and the water outlet end 24, and at this time, the water outlet flow sensing unit 07 is started. The flow control means 08 achieves thermostatic control by adjusting the ratio of cold to hot water, cold water entering the flow control means 08 from the bottom of the tank through the drain 15. When all the water in the water tank is hot water with the same temperature, the water which is just used flows out from the bottom is also the hot water, the constant temperature effect cannot be achieved, but the bottom is the cold water soon as the cold water is added. When hot water is used, when the temperature in the water tank is too low or the residual quantity of the hot water is insufficient, the first heating unit 05 works to secondarily heat the discharged water. Sometimes, the water temperature at the top layer is high, but the amount of the water is small, for example, the water at 55 degrees is only left for 20 liters, and then the water is almost cold water, in this case, when the user uses hot water, the heating unit one 05 also needs to adopt full-power heating, and the water flow control device 08 enables the outlet water to be output at the set outlet water temperature constant temperature by adjusting the proportion of the cold water and the hot water (of course, the constant temperature is not a limiting condition of the patent, and the non-constant temperature outlet water is also within the protection scope of the patent). When the water heater supplies water to the outside, the first heating unit 05 determines whether the outlet water needs to be heated for the second time according to the hot water allowance and the water temperature in the water tank and determines how much power is adopted for heating.

As shown in fig. 1, the settling device 10 is used to settle impurities extracted from the bottom of the tank when the boiler is automatically cleaned or heated by auxiliary heating cycles, to reduce the flow rate by increasing the flow cross section, and to settle solid matter in the low-speed fluid by means of some baffling or swirling structure, so that the settled impurities flow out with the water when the boiler is supplied with water. Correspondingly, the structure that the water inlet end 13 extends into the water tank enables the water to flush the bottom surface, and water scale at the bottom of the water tank is flushed to one end where the water outlet pipe 15 is located, so that the water scale flows out along with water when the water outlet of the water heater is matched with cold water, and is brought into the sedimentation device in auxiliary heat circulation heating and automatic cleaning. Can also place the filter screen in the drain pipe 15, massive incrustation scale just deposits in the drain pipe, prevents that massive incrustation scale from getting into and blocking the impeller in the rivers drive arrangement 06, also prevents that massive incrustation scale from blocking valve and gondola water faucet, only needs a ball valve of installation on drain pipe 15, regular drainage blowdown can. Turning to the second drain 18 on the tank, which is located slightly above the condenser 04, it is used to drain the water from the tank during automatic cleaning (the water inlet is shut off during automatic cleaning) so that the remaining water just does not flow into the condenser 04, the user can fill the tank with vinegar or other detergent from this opening, the machine intermittently activates the water flow drive 06 to circulate the water intermittently, and over time the entire auxiliary heating circuit, the bottom of the tank and the condenser 04 have dissolved scale. The water scale problem of traditional water storage type water heater can be effectually solved to this structure.

Although the core target of this patent is miniaturized in order to solve its installation space restriction and use the region restriction, the structure of this patent is used and also has its advantage in high-power heat pump water heater, for example can prevent the incrustation scale deposit, and the effective increase-volume of a pair of play water secondary heating ability of unit that generates heat, hot water is from the top down rising when adopting the water in the auxiliary heating hot water tank for can be rapid quantitative heating right amount water, the advantage such as more convenient energy-conservation.

The water flow driving device 06 can generally adopt a direct current brushless water pump, and has small volume, high lift, large flow and long service life. Of course, other pump systems, such as diaphragm, gear, piston pumps, can also be used, but such pump systems are not ideal here. Even a motor driving the impeller device to drive the water flow can be used. The water flow control device 08 generally considers the use of a stepper motor and a valve, and the valve is designed to adjust the ratio of two paths of fluid, single path of water and single path of flow. Therefore, the valve can realize constant-temperature water outlet by controlling the proportion of cold water and hot water and controlling the flow of water, and realize the functions of external constant-temperature water supply, auxiliary heat circulation heating and automatic cleaning by switching different circulation paths. The water flow control device 08 can also use two valves to control two water paths respectively to achieve the same function, but this way is more complicated in structure and high in cost, is not a preferred solution, but is within the protection scope of the present patent. The non-return valve 11 prevents hot water from flowing directly from this branch, and if hot water flows directly from there, the thermostatic control becomes somewhat more cumbersome, although it also functions. The first heating unit 05 can be any electric heater, such as a resistance wire heater, a heating film heater, an electromagnetic heater, a ceramic heater, etc.

Fig. 2 is a view of fig. 1 with the settling device 10 removed and with the inlet end 13 and the drain 15 positioned such that the cold water inlet does not effectively flush scale to the drain. Compared with the structure shown in fig. 1, the structure shown in fig. 2 also reduces three temperature sensors 12 for detecting the residual quantity of hot water, and the structure can utilize the temperature of the temperature sensor 12 arranged at the bottom of the water heater and the working time of the heat pump and the heating unit I05 to cooperate with the liner water flow sensing unit 07 to calculate the residual quantity of hot water. The calculation method comprises the following steps: when the temperature sensor 12 reaches a set value, the residual quantity of hot water is the capacity Qa of the water tank, the hot water flow sensing unit 07 (not installed at the water outlet end 24) measures the output quantity of the hot water of the water tank 01 each time and accumulates Q1+ Q2+ Q3+ \8230 = Qn, the heat pump and the heating unit heat the accumulated hot water quantity to be Qt, the Qt calculates the heated water quantity by heating to the set temperature of the water tank according to the inlet temperature of tap water, and the power of the heater, the power and the efficiency of the heat pump, the heating time, the inlet temperature and the set temperature of the water tank are all constant values, so the calculation is very simple. The available hot water surplus is obtained by multiplying a coefficient on the value by Qa-Qn + Qt which is equal to the hot water surplus Q due to the problems of heat dissipation and hot water output rate. When the temperature sensor at the bottom of the water tank reaches the set temperature of the water tank, the data is cleared, the hot water residual quantity is reset to Qa, and the hot water residual quantity of the water heater is measured in a circulating mode in such a way, so that the method is relatively accurate. And determining the working states of the first heating unit (05) and the auxiliary heating device according to the residual hot water and the working state of the outlet water flow sensing unit.

Of course, there are other more precise algorithms for calculating the water amount by using the temperature sensor in cooperation with the water flow sensing unit, such as a heat pump, if a low-power heat pump is adopted, it is actually impossible to heat the tap water at a certain flow rate to the set temperature of the water tank within a short time, and it may be only possible to raise the tap water by several degrees, which is not usable, so that the hot water margin generated by the heat pump heating cannot be like the above simple algorithm.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of adding a second heating unit 23, and when the water in the water tank needs to be heated secondarily, the second heating unit 23 works; when the water heater supplies water to a place to be heated in an auxiliary mode, the first heating unit 05 works, and the water flow control device 08 is only used for thermostatic control at the moment. The structure has no water flow driving device, can not realize automatic cleaning, can not realize zero cold water circulation and water outlet pressurization, can not heat water from the top when the auxiliary heat is adopted to heat water stored in the water tank, and is far inferior to the scheme of figures 1 and 2. However, since the water flow control device 08 can be used for distributing cold water, especially when the temperature of tap water is high, the flow rate of the cold water is high, scale can be effectively taken away, and meanwhile, the water outlet structure of the water inlet end 13 enables the scale at the bottom of the water tank to be blown to the end where the drain pipe 15 is located, so that the scale cleaning effect is improved.

The water tank of this embodiment adopts horizontal structure, when adopting the compressor of low power, can make integrative wall-hanging, and the water tank capacity can be made 60 to 100 liters, and appearance, volume are all about as much as traditional electric water storage formula water heater, and under this kind of capacity, adopt the technique of this patent, the compressor can accomplish 150W, can be littleer in the place that temperature is higher, and the evaporimeter is corresponding all following the scaling down with the condenser, very big reduction the cost. The wall-mounted water heater can be installed in small houses in cities, can be hidden in ceilings, does not occupy space, is close to a water using terminal, is better in experience, and is more energy-saving. The horizontal structure can also be integrated with furniture such as bathroom cabinets and the like. Of course, the main unit and the water tank of the heat pump water heater are in a split type, and the compressor is in high power or low power, which are within the protection scope of the patent. Only adopt the miniwatt compressor, cooperate behind the technique of this patent, can more have the advantage, the host computer is installed at indoor noise and refrigerator nearly not much, also can not influence indoor temperature and pleasing to the eye for winter the very chilly north of weather also can use, and efficiency is high (because the heating installation). The low-power heat pump only recovers the minimum part of heat energy originally dissipated through walls and doors and windows for hot water, and does not affect the indoor temperature.

Example two

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, this embodiment is an integrated structure of a vertical water tank, as shown in fig. 4, compared with the embodiment without a water flow control device 08, there is no way to achieve constant temperature water outlet, and the auxiliary heat circulation heating mode is different, it is that water is sucked from the top, heated by a heating unit-05, and then flows back to the middle of the water tank through a one-way valve 11 (this position is not optional, and the position of 60-100 liters of water from the top of the water tank is generally considered to be appropriate), and it is advantageous that the temperature of the upper part of the water tank is generally higher, so that the water can be heated to the applicable temperature more quickly in emergency water. However, this method has more disadvantages, such as the inability to remove scale, the inability to discharge water at constant temperature, etc. The water tank of fig. 4 is provided with two temperature sensors 12 for sensing temperature and sensing the remaining amount of hot water, and the method for calculating the remaining amount of hot water is the same as that described in the first embodiment. The structure of fig. 5 can realize constant temperature water outlet and effectively remove scale, but in this structure, the water flow driving device 06 in the figure can not perform zero cold water circulation and water outlet pressurization, and at this time, the water flow driving device can only be used in auxiliary heating circulation heating or automatic cleaning. The structure of fig. 6 is the mixing scheme of fig. 2 and fig. 1, and on the basis, the horizontal water tank is changed into the vertical water tank, which is not described again.

EXAMPLE III

Fig. 7 to 9 are schematic structural diagrams of several split solutions of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the water tank 01 and the heat pump main unit 16 adopt a split structure, and the installation manner and functions of the first heating unit 05, the first water flow driving device 06, the water flow sensing unit 07, the settling device 10 and other components are completely the same as those in fig. 1 of the first embodiment. The top of the water inlet end 13 is additionally provided with a cold water spray nozzle 17, so that the condenser 04 and the bottom of the water tank can be washed when water enters, and the descaling effect is improved. The split type heat pump has the advantage that in cold regions in winter, when the water tank has large capacity and needs to be installed outdoors (such as balconies and roofs), the low-power heat pump main unit can be installed indoors. Even if the horizontal heat pump water heater in the first embodiment is adopted, a split type heat pump water heater can be adopted, because the bathroom space is small, if the external sealing performance of doors and windows of the bathroom is too good, the doors and windows of the bathroom are still in a closed state at ordinary times, warm air in a room cannot be supplemented in time, the efficiency of a heat pump can be influenced, and at the moment, the heat pump main machine can be installed in a room with a larger space in a split type. The high-power heat pump main machine is unacceptable when being installed indoors, has noise and blows cold air in winter, and is large in size and not attractive. Fig. 8 differs from fig. 7 in that the outlet end of the auxiliary thermal cycle heating is moved to the top of the tank and a cleaning spray 20 is added to the outlet, when the water heater is in a cleaning mode, the water in the tank is discharged through the second water outlet pipe 18 to a position where the condenser 04 is just submerged, white vinegar or other descaling agent is added to the tank, and the water flow driving device 06 operates intermittently or continuously, and the cleaning spray can flush the entire inner wall of the tank. The water full of the water tank is not used during cleaning, the concentration of the descaling agent is mainly considered, and the edible white vinegar is more acceptable for cleaning from the aspects of user safety and psychological acceptability, and is food after all. If the water in the water tank is added to the concentration which can effectively remove the scale, the cost of the white vinegar which is cleaned once is too large, and the addition is also troublesome. By adopting the technology of the patent, if the water tank has the large capacity of 300 liters, the compressor only needs 260W or so, and is only about one eighth of the power of the traditional household heat pump water heater, the heat exchange area of the condenser is reduced in proportion, and the whole water tank is not required to be filled with the heat exchange area like the traditional heat pump. Fig. 9 shows a split water circulation structure, which is convenient for maintenance after sale, especially when the heat pump main unit is small, such as a desktop computer case, or smaller, and the heat pump main unit needs to be replaced by only removing the joints connecting the circulation water inlet pipe 21 and the circulation water outlet pipe 22.

Example four

Fig. 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams of a fourth embodiment of this patent, which is a modular design, and as shown in fig. 10, a water tank, a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, a throttling device, a temperature sensor, etc. are integrated to form a heat pump module 26, and a control unit (i.e., a control circuit board and other electronic and electrical components, which are not shown in the figure), a first heating unit, a water flow driving device, a water flow sensing unit, a water flow control device, a settling device, a check valve, etc. are integrated to form an auxiliary module 27. Of course, the components in the auxiliary module may be any available combination of parts contained in this patent and are not limited to the illustrated components. The two modules are connected by a water joint and an electronic and electric joint. The modular advantage is for the convenience of maintenance after sale, because electronic and electrical components are numerous, any part goes wrong and will lead to the machine trouble, so make these parts integration together make the module, adopt the structure of easily dismouting to be connected with the heat pump module, if the machine breaks down, direct whole this little module of change can, just so need not professional after sale personnel, if the compressor breaks down, just need more professional maintenance personal to go to the door, adopt the brand compressor, stability can guarantee, generally not too easily break down in the life-span. The modularity of fig. 11 is more complete, the heat pump is integrated with the auxiliary device to form a heat module 29, the water tank is integrated with the insulation and the temperature sensor that must be mounted on the water tank to form a heat storage module 28, in fact if the two modules are assembled, the temperature sensor on the water tank can also be integrated on the heat module 29, if a plurality of sensors of different heights are used to sense the hot water residual, the sensors can be put into a conduit, which is inserted into the water tank; if it is a temperature sensor cooperation rivers induction element and detects hot water surplus, then temperature sensor direct assembly in the module 29 that generates heat can, adopt the heat conduction post to come the water tank temperature, of course have other many forms, including the mode of infrared temperature measurement. The module of fig. 11 can also be installed in a split manner, and the heat storage module is communicated with the heating module through a water pipe. If the heat pump adopts low power, the volume of the heating module is only as large as or smaller than that of the computer case, the heating module can be installed in a place convenient for operation, and the water tank can be hidden elsewhere.

All the above embodiments only describe the structural form of the present patent, but to achieve the best effect, an appropriate control method is also needed, and the basic idea of the control method is as follows: experience is preferred, and energy conservation is preferred. Based on the above embodiments, a control method is provided, first, a target is set: at any time, the water heater ensures that it can be used for 15 to 20 minutes (although the target could be something else) at a flow rate of 45 degrees of 4 litres, if this requirement is met by the fastest heating regime (the so-called fastest regime being the heat pump heating with the auxiliary heat device) when the hot water reserve in the tank does not meet this requirement. The specific data used in the specification is beneficial to understanding, and the power of the first heating unit and the second heating unit is assumed to be 5KW, so that the control method of the water heater is provided by combining the structure of the patent on the basis of the specific data. Fig. 12 and 13 are a flow chart and a logic diagram of a control method of the water heater according to the embodiment, and fig. 12 is a flow chart showing the general direction of the control method of the water heater, which controls the working states of the heat pump, the first heating unit and the auxiliary heating device according to the hot water residual quantity, the temperature and the water flow state (i.e. whether the water heater supplies hot water to the outside). Fig. 13 is a logic diagram of the present embodiment, which provides a specific set of control methods under the general scheme of a flow chart, and the steps in the logic diagram are described in detail:

t in S201 represents the current water temperature at the lower part of the water tank, t0 represents the set temperature of the water tank, the condition that t is less than t0 is judged, if yes, S202 is executed, and the heat pump is started to heat; if not, S203 is executed. To prevent the pump from being frequently started, the value t0 is set to a value, for example, a few degrees below which the pump is restarted. Next, S204 is executed to obtain a hot water residual amount Q, and the method for obtaining the hot water residual amount is described in the first embodiment. Executing S205, judging whether the user uses hot water for water flow judgment, and executing S208 if the user uses hot water; if not, go to step S206. S206 determines whether the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank is less than N1, where the value of N1 represents that the remaining amount of hot water in the water tank can provide a proper amount of hot water under the condition that the heating unit performs electric auxiliary heating on the discharged water, and this value is preset by the factory or set by the user, and if N1 is greater than N1, for example, N1 is set to 1680 liters (28 × 60 liters, 60 liters of water can be provided by electric auxiliary heating). When the temperature is higher, the amount of water is less and can also meet the use requirement, and when the temperature is lower, the amount of water is more and can meet the use requirement, however, if the temperature is lower than 28 ℃ or other values (such as 20 ℃ or lower), at a proper flow rate, the water in the water tank can not provide hot water with proper temperature (although the product of 200 liters of water and 20 ℃ is still much greater than 1680 liters of water), so when the hot water allowance is calculated, the temperature can be set to a threshold value, and when the temperature is lower than a certain value, the temperature is directly set to zero. The value of N1 is set to be large and large according to the product requirement, and the lower the power of the first heating unit is, the larger the value is; the higher the water requirement, the higher this value. When the judgment of S206 is yes, the residual quantity of hot water in the liner is proved to be too small or the water temperature is proved to be too low, S207 and an auxiliary heating mode are executed, if the second heating unit is not provided, the water flow control device 08 is adjusted to be in a circulation heating state, the water flow driving device 06 works with the first heating unit 05 to heat water in the water tank together with the heat pump, and the water temperature of circulation heating can be controlled. If the structural form of the second heat generating unit in fig. 3 is used, the second heat generating unit works together with the heat pump, after the above actions are performed, the program returns to S201 again, and this loop is repeated, and other statements in the following paragraphs return to S201, which also means that the program is executed from the beginning, and in an actual product, the program not only has this function, but also has more functional modules, so that it is impossible to return to S201 immediately after S207 is executed in the actual product, and another program segment is executed subsequently, and the whole program is repeated in this way. For electrical products, the programs are not complicated and all adopt a serial mode, and because the operation speed of the single chip microcomputer is very high, only tens of milliseconds are needed for executing all the programs, so that continuous circulation appears to the human as simultaneous occurrence. When the judgment of S206 is no, it is confirmed that the amount of hot water remaining in the water tank is sufficient, and the process returns to the execution of S201 (in the figure, the execution of S217 is equivalent to the return to S201).

The above is a control method when it is judged in S205 that the water heater is not supplying water to the outside, when it is judged that the water heater is supplying hot water to the outside, S208 is executed, the upper temperature t1 of the water tank is compared (if two sensors are installed on the water tank, the temperature of the sensor at the uppermost position is taken as the standard, of course, if the temperature of the sensor at the middle position or other positions is taken as the standard, the function can be realized, and the protection range of the present patent is not so good as the energy saving effect, if the estimation of the hot water residual quantity is realized by a sensor water adding flow response unit, the current water temperature at the top of the water tank can be estimated by the calculation method in the first embodiment, but not as accurate as a plurality of sensors, the judgment of S208 is not needed, and whether the heating unit needs auxiliary heating is directly determined by the outlet water temperature sensor. If the water quantity in the water tank is not heated by the auxiliary heating unit, the water quantity in the water tank is also considered. If the judgment result in S208 is no, S215 is executed, in this statement, it is judged how much the upper temperature of the water tank is lower than the set temperature of the outlet water, and the operation mode of the actuator is determined according to the degree of the lower temperature. If the determination in S208 is yes, S209 is executed to determine whether the remaining hot water amount Q is greater than N2, and the value of N2 is determined to examine how much hot water can be supplied without using the auxiliary heat supply unit, for example, the program may set N2 to 2700 liters, which is equivalent to 45 degrees by 60 liters, and if it is greater than or equal to this value, S210 is executed to use the non-auxiliary heat supply mode, and return to S201 if the heating unit is not operated when hot water is used. If the value is less than N2, the judgment is no, and S211 is executed. S211 and S209 are similar, and it is determined whether the hot water residual Q is greater than N3, and the value of N3 is smaller than N2, for example, may be set to 2300 degrees, and when it is determined yes, S212 is executed, the low-level auxiliary heating water supply mode, where the heating unit only uses low-level power auxiliary heating when the water heater is discharging water, because the hot water residual reserve in the water tank is already close to the amount of the unnecessary auxiliary heating, and only needs low-level auxiliary heating water supply, and the process returns to S201. If the determination in S211 is no, S213 is executed to determine whether the remaining hot water amount Q is greater than N4, and the value of N4 is lower, for example, 1900 liters, and if the determination in S213 is yes, S214 is executed to use the medium auxiliary hot water supply mode, and the first heating unit adopts the medium heating mode to return to S201. If the judgment result in S213 is no, S216 is executed, the high-grade auxiliary heating water supply mode is adopted, the first heating unit adopts high-grade heating, and the process returns to S201. Then, the step S215 executed when the judgment of S208 is no is entered, and it is proved that the water temperature at the upper part of the water tank is lower than the set outlet water temperature, so that the water must be heated by electric auxiliary heating, but we further judge how much lower the set outlet water temperature, and then determine how much power to heat, and of course, the power of the heating unit can be directly adjusted by the thyristor according to the outlet water temperature to realize constant temperature, but if the thyristor is not used for controlling, but several sets of relays are used, the temperature change is not smooth, and if the water flow control device 08 adjusts the outlet water amount of the water tank, two variables are present, and the constant temperature is difficult to adjust under the condition of the two variables, and one parameter must be fixed first. In S215, it is determined whether the upper temperature t1 of the water tank is less than the set outlet temperature t2 minus q1, q1 may be set to a reasonable value, for example, 8, according to the actual use condition, if yes, it is proved that the temperature of the water tank is less than the set outlet temperature by 8 degrees or more, in this case, S216 is executed, the high-grade auxiliary heating water supply mode is adopted, and the first heating unit adopts high-grade heating, and the process returns to S201. If the judgment of S215 is no, the result proves that the water level is not as much as 8 degrees, and then S211 is executed to judge how much water is left in the water tank, and the same logic judgment is carried out. Please note that this 8 degrees is also considered in practice, for example, the low gear power is 2KW, at 2KW, the water volume is opened to 4 liters, and the temperature is raised to 7 degrees, of course, this 8 degrees can be another value.

The power of the heating unit is divided into high power, medium power and low power, which is just an example, more sections or no sections can be provided, the parameter of water quantity can be fixed, the controllable silicon is adopted to carry out stepless power regulation on the heating unit 4 to realize constant temperature, but the mode of adopting the controllable silicon has a defect, for example, although the temperature of the water tank is high, the water quantity is small, when the product of the water quantity and the water temperature is less than n4, high-grade heating is needed originally, the high-grade heating is adopted to greatly exceed the set water outlet temperature, so that more cold water is needed to be prepared at the moment, the service life is prolonged, if the controllable silicon is adopted to control, the heating unit can adopt low power or not heat at all under the condition of high water temperature and small water quantity. The embodiment only describes one of the preferable schemes, and based on the structure and the control method, the skilled person can easily think out more unique control logics.

The above control mode can be so that the heat pump water heater of this patent, at any time can both be rapid provide sufficient hot water, perfect compromise energy-conservation and experience to furthest's exert energy-conserving effect extremely delightfully, no matter utilize the technique development miniwatt heat pump water heater of this patent or be arranged in the more powerful heat pump water heater of tradition, no matter be split type or integral type, all have unique advantage.

The above embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the invention to the precise forms and methods disclosed, and all combinations and equivalents of the above embodiments and equivalents thereof are contemplated by the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a heat pump water heater, includes water tank (01), compressor (02), evaporimeter (03), condenser (04), throttling arrangement (09), temperature sensor (12), the control unit, its characterized in that: the water heater comprises a water tank, and is characterized by further comprising a first heating unit (05), a hot water allowance sensing unit, a water flow sensing unit (07) and an auxiliary heating device, wherein the first heating unit can be mounted in a manner of heating water output by the water tank, the auxiliary heating device is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the water in the water tank, the hot water allowance sensing unit is used for judging the allowance of hot water in the water tank, and the working states of the first heating unit and the auxiliary heating device are controlled according to the hot water allowance, the temperature and a signal of the water flow sensing unit.

2. The heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary heating device comprises a water flow driving device (06) and a water flow control device (08), the water tank, a first heating unit, the water flow driving device and the water flow control device are connected together to form an auxiliary heating loop, the water flow driving device drives water flow to circularly heat a heat storage medium in the water tank through the heating unit, the water flow driving device can also be used for one or more of water outlet pressurization, zero cold water circulation and automatic cleaning, and the water flow control device is used for limiting one or more of water flow direction, water flow path switching, cold and hot water proportion control and flow control.

3. The heat pump water heater according to claim 2, wherein: the heat pump water heater is characterized by further comprising a sedimentation device (10), the sedimentation device is connected to the water outlet channel of the heat pump water heater in series, the water inlet end of the water flow driving device is communicated with the bottom of the water tank, and the sedimentation device is located on the circulation path of the water flow driving device.

4. The heat pump water heater according to claim 2, wherein: the water flow control device comprises a stepping motor and a valve.

5. The heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein: the hot water residual sensing unit at least comprises two temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are installed at different water level heights of the water tank, the temperature of the water tank is measured according to the temperature sensors at different positions, and the hot water residual is calculated.

6. The heat pump water heater of claim 1, wherein: the hot water residual sensing unit comprises a water flow sensing unit and at least one temperature sensor, and the current hot water residual of the water tank is estimated according to data of the temperature sensor, the hot water output quantity measured by the water flow sensing unit, the auxiliary heating device and working parameters of the heat pump.

7. The heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary heating device comprises a second heating unit, and the second heating unit is used for heating water in the water tank.

8. The heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the water flow control device comprises a control unit, a first heating unit, a water flow sensing unit, a water flow driving device and a water flow control device which are integrated together to form an auxiliary module, the auxiliary module can be further integrated with a heat pump component together to form a heating module, and a module structure convenient to assemble and disassemble is formed by matching a water flow interface, an electronic and electrical interface and a fastening device with a heat storage module.

9. A control method of a heat pump water heater is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and 2, controlling the working states of the heat pump, the first heating unit and the auxiliary heating device according to the information.

10. The control method of the heat pump water heater according to claim 9, further comprising:

step 2, obtaining the surplus Q of available hot water in the water tank;

step 4, is the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank less than N1? If yes, executing step 5; if not, returning to the step 1;

step 5, executing an auxiliary heating mode, and returning to the step 1;

step 6, comparing whether the temperature t1 of the upper part of the water tank is more than or equal to the set outlet water temperature t2? If yes, executing step 7; if not, executing step 14;

step 8, is the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank greater than N3? If yes, executing step 12, otherwise, executing step 9;

step 9, is the remaining amount Q of hot water in the water tank greater than N4? If yes, executing step 11, otherwise, executing step 10;

step 13, returning to the step 1 in a non-auxiliary heat water supply mode;

and 14, comparing whether the upper temperature t1 of the water tank is lower than the set outlet water temperature t2-q1, if so, executing the step 10, and if not, executing the step 8.