CN115572887B - Manganese steel in superfine twin crystal gradient structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Manganese steel in superfine twin crystal gradient structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium manganese steel with an ultrafine twin crystal gradient structure and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of high-strength steel preparation. According to the invention, twin crystals are introduced into the microstructure of the medium manganese steel in a proper temperature range through laser shot blasting, so that the microstructure of the medium manganese steel has the characteristic of a gradient structure, and the problem of 'strength and toughness inversion' in the traditional preparation process is solved; the invention utilizes the twin crystal effect and the gradient structure design, improves the mechanical property of the medium manganese steel, and solves the bottleneck problem of further improving the mechanical property of the conventional medium manganese steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of advanced high-strength steel preparation, in particular to a manganese steel in an ultrafine twin crystal gradient structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Medium manganese steels (3-12 wt.% Mn) are typical of third generation advanced high strength steels, having a complex phase structure of ferrite and austenite, with the volume fraction of austenite being as high as 20% or more. Under certain critical heat treatment conditions, austenite in the steel structure has good mechanical stability, and TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) effect can be generated in the plastic deformation process, so that the strength and the plasticity of the steel are improved. Compared with the traditional TRIP steel and the traditional Q & P steel, the medium manganese steel has the advantages of relatively excellent mechanical property, lower production cost, simple production process and the like, and is favored by scientific researchers and automobile industry specialists. However, in research on further improvement of the properties of the medium manganese steel, it is found that the conventional rolling and stamping technology is difficult to break the relationship of 'strength and toughness inversion', which limits the further improvement of the properties of the medium manganese steel. In addition, the existing medium manganese steel is mainly applied to the field of automobile structural parts, and is limited in application in other fields. If the application in other fields of medium manganese steel can be realized, the method has great significance for the development of the medium manganese steel.
In the "learning to nature" process, bamboo structures were found to have a typical gradient structure. The density of the vascular bundle structure of the bamboo gradually decreases from the outside to the central part, and the central part has better flexibility under the condition of maintaining the overall strength and rigidity. Related researches show that the gradient structure metal material can break the inversion relation of the strength and the plasticity of the material to a certain extent, and excellent strong plasticity is obtained.
For example, chinese patent CN 114480811A proposes a method for preparing manganese steel with gradient structure in high strength and elongation, which comprises: smelting, forging, hot rolling and two-phase zone annealing are carried out according to preset medium manganese steel alloy components, an annealed plate blank is obtained, the plate blank is processed into a rod-shaped sample, the rod-shaped sample is subjected to torsion treatment at room temperature, and after the torsion treatment, the two-phase zone annealing is immediately carried out again and air cooling is carried out to room temperature; the twisting treatment is to process the plate blank annealed by the two-phase zone into a bar-shaped sample, and then twist the sample at the normal temperature at the speed of 70-120 degrees/min for 90-180 degrees. The yield strength of the medium manganese steel obtained by the patent is more than 740MPa, the tensile strength is more than 1110MPa, and the elongation rate is as follows: 38-47%, the product of strong plastic is more than 42GPa, and the product of highest strong plastic reaches 52 GPa.
The existing medium manganese steel has low strong plasticity, and limits the application of the medium manganese steel under the working condition of strong impact or gravity extrusion, such as various departments of metallurgy, mines, building materials, railway agricultural machinery, military industry and the like. The existing medium manganese steel gradient structure is mainly bar materials, but is not applicable to the common automobile plates of the medium manganese steel, so that the application field of the medium manganese steel is greatly limited. In addition, the medium manganese steel has high strength, and large-size bars need large torsion force, so that the medium manganese steel has strong dependence on equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides manganese steel in an ultrafine twin crystal gradient structure and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting according to set medium manganese steel components to obtain a steel ingot, forging, multi-pass hot rolling, multi-pass cold rolling and critical heat treatment the steel ingot in sequence to obtain a steel plate, and performing laser shot blasting on the steel plate at the temperature of 400-500 ℃ to obtain the manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 4, multi-pass cold rolling: cold rolling the hot rolled plate for 6-7 times to obtain a cold rolled plate, wherein the total reduction rate is 50% -90%;
step 6, laser shot blasting in a medium-low temperature area: and (3) performing laser shot blasting on the medium manganese steel subjected to critical heat treatment at the temperature of 400-500 ℃.
Further, the laser shot-blasting power is more than 200W, the laser pulse time is between 25s and 30s, the spot diameter is between 0.1 and 5mm, and the shot-blasting time is between 1 and 30min.
Further, the alloy components of the medium manganese steel are as follows by mass percent: 0.01 to 0.3 percent of C, 4 to 7 percent of Mn, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure is prepared by adopting any one of the preparation methods.
Further, the yield strength of the manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure is more than 1400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 1600MPa, and the elongation is equal to: 51-58%, the product of strength and elongation is more than 81GPa, and the hardness is more than 400HV.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the twin deformation can obviously refine the grain size of the material and realize synchronous improvement of strong plasticity, but the conventional rolling deformation of the medium manganese steel is hot rolling and cold rolling at present, the deformation mechanism is slip and TRIP effect, and for low-carbon low-manganese medium manganese steel (such as medium manganese steel with Mn content below 7 wt.%), the conventional rolling cannot generate twin deformation because the fault energy is not in a twin deformation zone, and the deformation mechanism is mainly TRIP effect. The stacking fault energy is a function of temperature, and the twin crystal is introduced into the microstructure of the medium manganese steel in a proper temperature interval through the laser shot blasting by component design and process optimization, so that the microstructure of the medium manganese steel is refined, and the strong plasticity of the conventional medium manganese steel is further improved.
In addition, twin crystals are introduced into the microstructure of the medium manganese steel in a proper temperature range through laser shot blasting, so that the microstructure of the medium manganese steel has the characteristic of a gradient structure, and the difficult problem of 'strength and toughness inversion' in the traditional preparation process is solved; the invention utilizes the twin crystal effect and the gradient structural design to improve the mechanical property of the medium manganese steel, solves the bottleneck problem of further improving the mechanical property of the conventional medium manganese steel, and has important practical significance for the application and development of the medium manganese steel. The medium manganese steel has high strength and hardness, can be applied to traditional structural members and friction and abrasion fields, and greatly expands the application range of the medium manganese steel. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a device for the treatment of a disease. The equipment involved in the invention is mature, and is favorable for industrialized popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing a hardness distribution of manganese steel along a central portion to a surface in the ultra-fine twin gradient structure of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure view of a surface layer of a manganese steel in an ultrafine twin gradient structure of embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the microstructure of the core of the manganese steel in the ultra-fine twin gradient structure of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples to facilitate an understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1
The manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.05wt.% of C, 4.0wt.% of Mn, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the medium manganese steel comprises the following steps:
step 4, multi-pass cold rolling: the hot rolled plate is subjected to 6-7 times of cold rolling for 10mm.
Step 6, laser shot blasting in a medium-low temperature area: the cold-rolled sheet was heat-treated at 400℃for 10 minutes, and then subjected to shot peening with a laser intensity of 200W, a pulse time of 25s, a spot diameter of 0.1mm and a shot peening time of 1 minute.
The test steels obtained in step 5 and step 6 were processed into hot tensile test pieces according to ASTM-E8-E8M standard and in the rolling direction, respectively, by wire cutting, and then tensile property test was conducted at a tensile rate of 1.5mm/min, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The hardness performance test was performed on the cross section of the test steel obtained in step 6, and the results are shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the hardness of the center part is small, the hardness of the surface layer is high, and the hardness of the test steel is in an ascending trend along the center to the surface, namely, the gradient distribution characteristic is presented.
A10 mm by 10mm heat treated specimen was prepared by wire cutting, and the specimen was ground stepwise to 2000# with different types of sandpaper, then polished and etched, and the microstructure of the specimen was observed. The raised portions are austenitic and the depressed portions are ferritic. The surface layer of the medium manganese steel had about 56% austenite and 44% ferrite, and the grain sizes of the austenite and ferrite were about 0.1 μm and 0.3 μm, respectively, as shown in fig. 2. The microstructure of the center portion of the medium manganese steel was about 56% austenite and 44% ferrite, and the grain sizes of the austenite and ferrite were about 0.3 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively, as shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 1
Example 2
The medium manganese steel with the superfine twin crystal gradient structure comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.03wt.% of C, 7.0wt.% of Mn, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the medium manganese steel comprises the following steps:
step 4, multi-pass cold rolling: the hot rolled plate is subjected to 6-7 times of cold rolling for 2.4mm.
Step 6, laser shot blasting in a medium-low temperature area: the cold-rolled sheet was heat-treated at 400℃for 30 minutes, and then subjected to shot blasting with a laser intensity of 700W, a pulse time of 30 seconds, a spot diameter of 5mm and a shot time of 30 minutes.
The test steels obtained in step 5 and step 6 were processed into hot tensile test pieces according to ASTM-E8-E8M standard and in the rolling direction, respectively, by wire cutting, and then tensile property test was conducted at a tensile rate of 1.5mm/min, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 3
The medium manganese steel with the superfine twin crystal gradient structure comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.02wt.% of C, 6.0wt.% of Mn, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the medium manganese steel comprises the following steps:
step 4, multi-pass cold rolling: the hot rolled plate is subjected to 6-7 times of cold rolling for 2.2mm.
Step 6, laser shot blasting in a medium-low temperature area: the cold-rolled sheet was heat-treated at 400℃for 20 minutes, and then subjected to shot blasting with a laser intensity of 500W, a pulse time of 25s, a spot diameter of 2mm and a shot time of 10 minutes.
The test steels obtained in step 5 and step 6 were processed into hot tensile test pieces according to ASTM-E8-E8M standard and in the rolling direction, respectively, by wire cutting, and then tensile property test was conducted at a tensile rate of 1.5mm/min, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Example 4
The medium manganese steel with the superfine twin crystal gradient structure comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.3wt.% of C, 6.5wt.% of Mn, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the medium manganese steel comprises the following steps:
step 4, multi-pass cold rolling: the hot rolled plate is subjected to 6-7 times of cold rolling for 2mm.
Step 6, laser shot blasting in a medium-low temperature area: the cold-rolled sheet was heat-treated at 400℃for 20 minutes, and then subjected to shot blasting with a laser intensity of 400W, a pulse time of 25s, a spot diameter of 1mm and a shot time of 10 minutes.
The test steels obtained in step 5 and step 6 were processed into hot tensile test pieces according to ASTM-E8-E8M standard and in the rolling direction, respectively, by wire cutting, and then tensile property test was conducted at a tensile rate of 1.5mm/min, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 3 and tables 1 to 4, twin crystals are introduced into the microstructure of the medium manganese steel through laser shot blasting, so that the crystal grains of the microstructure of the medium manganese steel are thinned, and the microstructure of the medium manganese steel has the characteristic of a gradient structure; in addition, compared with the medium manganese steel prepared by the traditional process (the process from step 1 to step 5), the medium manganese steel prepared by the method has the advantages that the yield strength, the tensile strength, the total elongation, the strength-plastic product and the hardness are greatly improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention and remain within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure is characterized by comprising the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting according to set medium manganese steel components to obtain a steel ingot, forging, multi-pass hot rolling, multi-pass cold rolling and critical heat treatment the steel ingot in sequence to obtain a steel plate, and performing laser shot blasting on the steel plate at the temperature of 400-500 ℃ to obtain the medium manganese steel in the superfine twin crystal gradient structure;
the alloy composition of the medium manganese steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01 to 0.3 percent of C, 4 to 7 percent of Mn, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the temperature of the critical heat treatment is 600-700 ℃ of the temperature of the two-phase region.
2. The method for preparing the manganese steel in the ultra-fine twin crystal gradient structure according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, smelting: smelting and casting according to the set component proportion to obtain a steel ingot;
step 2, forging: heating the steel ingot to 1200-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and forging into a steel billet;
step 3, multi-pass hot rolling: heating the billet to 1050-1200 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, carrying out 6-7 times of hot rolling, wherein the rolling temperature interval is 900-1000 ℃, the total reduction is 40-50%, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a hot rolled plate;
step 4, multi-pass cold rolling: cold rolling the hot rolled plate for 6-7 times to obtain a cold rolled plate, wherein the total reduction rate is 50% -90%;
step 5, critical heat treatment: carrying out critical heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ in a two-phase region for 30 min-1 h;
step 6, laser shot blasting in a medium-low temperature area: and (3) performing laser shot blasting on the medium manganese steel subjected to critical heat treatment at the temperature of 400-500 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the manganese steel in the ultra-fine twin crystal gradient structure according to claim 2, wherein the laser shot blasting power is more than 200W, the laser pulse time is between 25s and 30s, the spot diameter is between 0.1 and 5mm, and the shot blasting time is between 1 and 30min.
4. A manganese steel in an ultra-fine twin gradient structure, characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The ultra-fine twin gradient structure medium manganese steel according to claim 4, wherein the medium manganese steel has a yield strength >1400MPa, a tensile strength >1600MPa, and an elongation: 51-58%, the product of strength and elongation is more than 81GPa, and the hardness is more than 400HV.
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