CN115570252A - Hot-pressing creep compounding method for oversized metal blank - Google Patents
Hot-pressing creep compounding method for oversized metal blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN115570252A CN115570252A CN202211575460.8A CN202211575460A CN115570252A CN 115570252 A CN115570252 A CN 115570252A CN 202211575460 A CN202211575460 A CN 202211575460A CN 115570252 A CN115570252 A CN 115570252A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides a hot-pressing creep compounding method for an oversized metal blank, and belongs to the technical field of metal processing. Providing a metal blank unit; sequentially machining and surface treating the surfaces to be adhered of the metal blank units to obtain pretreated metal blank units; laminating at least two pretreated metal blank units, and then sealing and welding the edges of the contact surfaces of the obtained laminated layers under the vacuum condition to obtain a preformed blank; and heating and hot-pressing creep deformation are sequentially carried out on the prefabricated blank to obtain the metal blank with the ultra-large specification. The blank can realize high-quality metallurgical bonding under the action of long-time hot-pressing creep to obtain a super-large-specification high-quality metal blank, and the problems that the forging and hot diffusion composite technology in the prior construction technology cannot wholly cover and deform, the pressure maintaining time is short, and a local bonding weak area exists in an interface caused by no pressure application in the hot diffusion process are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a hot-pressing creep compounding method for an oversized metal blank.
Background
Metallic materials have wide applications in industrial fields. In recent years, the demand of large-scale equipment in the fields of oceans, nuclear power, chemical industry and the like is increasing day by day, so that the importance of metal processing materials with ultra-large specifications is higher and higher, and the welding seams of the large-scale equipment during manufacturing can be reduced by using the large-scale processing materials, so that the performance and the service life of the equipment are effectively improved. At present, for the preparation of processing materials with ultra-large specifications, the bottleneck problem is how to make the blank large.
If the traditional preparation idea of 'making the ingot from large to small' is adopted, an ingot with a specification larger than that of a processed material needs to be prepared firstly, however, when an alloy containing elements easy to segregate is smelted, the larger the ingot type is, the more serious the component segregation is, and for example, titanium alloy, alloy steel and nickel-based high-temperature alloy containing more Fe and Cr are difficult to obtain an oversized ingot; meanwhile, due to the limitation of the smelting tonnage, the obtainment of the ultra-large specification cast ingots of titanium, steel, nickel and the like is also limited. To overcome the above difficulties, the concept of "from small to large" of connecting and integrating relatively small-sized metal blanks to obtain extra-large-sized processed materials becomes an important route for preparing extra-large-sized metal blanks.
Patents CN 105618506A, CN105522349A, CN105499459B, CN 107876674A, CN 107626880A, CN 107717341A and CN108188659A disclose a method for forming a homogeneous metal structure and a method for forming a heterogeneous metal structure, which are all based on a construction idea of 'manufacturing a large blank from a small size', and adopt metal blank unit stacking, vacuum seal welding, final forge welding compounding and thermal diffusion to weld interfaces among a plurality of blank units so as to prepare a large-size blank. The above patent methods have the following problems: firstly, the area of a cutting board is smaller than that of a blank with an ultra-large specification due to the limitation of the tonnage of a free forging machine, and the forging pressing for integrally covering the blank cannot be realized, so that a local interface has a bonding weak area; secondly, the thermal diffusion process after the forge welding compounding is not applied with pressure, and the areas which are not tightly combined during forge welding still cannot be well metallurgically combined. Thirdly, the pressing time during the forge welding compounding is short, the initial upsetting deformation in the vertical direction is only 10 to 20 percent, the interface deformation is small, and the effective welding among the interfaces of a plurality of blank units is difficult to ensure; fourth, when the blank is reverse forged, the weak area of the joint surface may be torn.
At present, almost all metal material processing methods are basically consistent in the broad aspect and are realized by the combination of smelting, casting, forging, welding, sintering, heat treatment and the like, and for example, a folding forging method in the preparation of a sword for nearly two thousand years is a composite mode of forging and welding. However, the sword obtained by the composite mode has quality risk when the composite interface is under tensile stress.
The methods disclosed in patents CN 106312454B and CN 106271482B have the following problems: adopting a free forging machine to carry out pressure maintaining forging, wherein the pressure maintaining pressure for forging is small (5 to 12MPa); in the pressure maintaining process, the blank is not heated, and with the temperature loss of the material, the element diffusion and the material deformation capacity are rapidly reduced, so that the effective combination of a combination interface is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the current technical situation of the preparation of the existing ultra-large specification metal blank, the invention aims to provide a hot-pressing creep compounding method of a high-quality ultra-large specification metal blank.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a hot-pressing creep compounding method of an oversized metal blank, which comprises the following steps:
providing a metal blank unit;
sequentially machining and surface treating the surfaces to be adhered of the metal blank units to obtain pretreated metal blank units;
laminating at least two pretreated metal blank units, and then sealing and welding the edges of the contact surfaces of the obtained laminated layers under the vacuum condition to obtain a preformed blank;
and sequentially heating and hot-pressing creep deformation compounding the prefabricated blank to obtain the ultra-large metal blank.
Preferably, the material of the metal blank unit is titanium, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, carbon steel or alloy steel;
preferably, the heating comprises a preheating stage and a final heating and heat preservation stage, the heat preservation temperature of the preheating stage is 500-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 5h, and the heat preservation temperature of the final heating and heat preservation stage is determined according to specific materials: when the metal blank unit is made of titanium and titanium alloy, the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is 950-1150 ℃, and when the metal blank unit is made of nickel, nickel alloy, carbon steel or alloy steel, the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is 1000-1250 ℃; the heat preservation time of the final heating and heat preservation stage is 8 to 30h; the heating rates of the preheating stage and the final heating and heat preservation stage are both temperature rise along with the furnace.
Preferably, the hot-pressing creep comprises pre-pressing and creep holding, wherein the pre-pressing pressure is 8000-80000t, the reduction is less than or equal to 0.1H, the H is the height of the preform, the creep holding pressure is 30-80% of the pre-pressing pressure, and the creep holding time is 2-8h.
Preferably, the pre-pressing mode is divided into two modes: the first is that the blank is continuously pressed, and the pressing rate is less than or equal to 2mm/s; the second is to apply pulse pressure to the blank at a pressing rate of less than or equal to 20mm/s.
Preferably, the equipment for hot-pressing creep deformation is a press, and the tonnage of the press is 10000 to 100000t.
Preferably, the heating step further comprises applying an oxidation-preventing coating on the surface of the preform.
Preferably, the sealing is vacuum electron beam welding.
Preferably, the metal blank unit is in a round cake shape with the same diameter, a cuboid with the same side length or a ring shape with the same diameter.
The invention provides a hot-pressing creep compounding method of an oversized metal blank, which comprises the following steps: providing a metal blank unit; machining and surface treating the surface to be adhered of the metal blank unit in sequence to obtain a pretreated metal blank unit; laminating at least two pretreated metal blank units, and then sealing and welding the obtained laminated layer along the edge of a joint surface under a vacuum condition to obtain a prefabricated blank; and sequentially heating and hot-pressing creep compounding the prefabricated blank to obtain the ultra-large metal blank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the blank avoids the problems that the integral covering deformation of the blank with the super-large specification is difficult to realize by free forging in the composite technology of forging and hot diffusion in the prior construction technology, the pressure maintaining time is short, and the interface has a local bonding weak area caused by the non-pressing in the hot diffusion process, the global high-quality metallurgical bonding of the interface can be realized, and the metal blank with the super-large specification of tens of tons to hundreds of tons is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blank stack seal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hot-pressing creep compounding of an oversized metal blank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the contact surface of the blank unit before hot-pressing creep compounding;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of void closure and formation of a metallurgical bond region during hot press creep recombination;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a high quality metallurgical bond interface formed after hot-pressing creep recombination;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure view of a longitudinal section after hot press creep compounding of a billet in example 6.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hot-pressing creep compounding method of an oversized metal blank, which comprises the following steps:
providing a metal blank unit;
sequentially machining and surface treating the surfaces to be adhered of the metal blank units to obtain pretreated metal blank units;
laminating at least two pretreated metal blank units, and then sealing and welding the edges of the contact surfaces of the obtained laminated layers under the vacuum condition to obtain a prefabricated blank;
in the present invention, the degree of vacuum of the vacuum condition is not more than 10 -1 Pa。
And sequentially heating and hot-pressing creep deformation compounding the prefabricated blank to obtain the ultra-large metal blank.
In the present invention, the metal material unit is preferably in the shape of a disk of an equal diameter, a rectangular parallelepiped of an equal side length, or an annular shape of an equal diameter. The present invention does not specifically define the specific dimensions of the metal block elements, and the dimensions are well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the material of the metal material unit is preferably titanium, a titanium alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, carbon steel, or alloy steel.
After the metal blank unit is obtained, the invention sequentially carries out machining and surface treatment on the surface to be bonded of the metal blank unit to obtain the pretreated metal blank unit.
In the present invention, the machining functions to remove scale and defects. The present invention is not limited to the specific manner of machining, and may be implemented in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the surface treatment is preferably cleaning, and the cleaning method is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be any method known to those skilled in the art.
After the preprocessed metal blank units are obtained, the at least two preprocessed metal blank units are laminated, and then the obtained laminated layer is sealed and welded along the edge under the vacuum condition to obtain the prefabricated blank.
In the present invention, the at least two pretreated metal blanks are preferably the same pretreated metal blank unit.
In the invention, when the pretreatment metal blank units are in a round cake shape, the diameters of the pretreatment metal blank units for lamination are the same, and the thicknesses are arbitrary; when the pre-treatment metal blank unit is a cuboid, the length and the width of the laminated pre-treatment metal blank unit are the same, and the thickness is arbitrary; when the metal blank pretreatment unit is annular, the metal blank pretreatment unit for lamination has the same inner diameter and outer diameter and arbitrary thickness.
In the present invention, the lamination is preferably a lamination of a discoid billet, a lamination of a rectangular parallelepiped billet, a lamination of an annular billet, or a composite lamination of billets of different shapes.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the specific form of the laminate. In the present invention, the lamination is preferably performed on an electron beam welder.
In the present invention, each layer of the green units is preferably edge aligned when the layers are laminated.
In the invention, the welding depth between the laminates is preferably 50 to 100mm, more preferably 60 to 90mm, and most preferably 70 to 80mm.
In the present invention, the sealing is preferably vacuum electron beam welding.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blank stack seal.
In the invention, the ratio of the height to the diameter or the side length of the preformed blank is preferably less than or equal to 3.0, further forging is needed after the blank with the super-large specification is obtained, if the ratio of the height to the diameter or the side length is too large, deformation instability can occur during upsetting in forging, severe 'bowing' phenomenon can occur, the surface quality of the blank is poor, and the loss of surface treatment materials is large.
After the prefabricated blank is obtained, the prefabricated blank is sequentially heated and hot-pressed to be creep-compounded to obtain the metal blank with the ultra-large specification.
In the invention, the heating preferably comprises a preheating stage and a final heating and heat preservation stage, the heat preservation temperature in the preheating stage is preferably 500-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is preferably not less than 5h, and the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is preferably determined according to specific materials: when the metal blank unit is made of titanium or titanium alloy, the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is preferably 950 to 1150 ℃, and when the metal blank unit is made of nickel, nickel alloy, carbon steel or alloy steel, the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is preferably 1000 to 1250 ℃; the heat preservation time of the final heating and heat preservation stage is preferably 8 to 30h; the heating rates of the preheating stage and the final heating and heat preservation stage are both furnace temperature rise.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the heating further comprises applying an oxidation preventing coating on the surface of the preform. The specific way of applying the anti-oxidation coating is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the way known to those skilled in the art can be adopted, the anti-oxidation coating has the function of reducing the degree of blank surface oxidation, because the preform is large and the heating time is long, if the surface anti-oxidation protection is not carried out, the oxidation is serious, and the material loss is large.
In the invention, the equipment for hot-pressing creep deformation is preferably a press, and the tonnage of the press is preferably 10000 to 100000t.
In the invention, the hot-pressing creep preferably comprises prepressing and creep holding pressure in sequence, the prepressing pressure is preferably 8000-80000t, the rolling reduction is preferably less than or equal to 0.1H, H is the height of the preform, the creep holding pressure is preferably 30-80% of the prepressing pressure, and the creep holding time is preferably 2-8h.
In the present invention, the pre-pressing and creep holding processes are preferably performed by continuously heating and holding the temperature to be maintained at the heated temperature.
In the invention, the pre-pressing and creep pressure maintaining processes are preferably carried out by using the waste heat of the oversized blank without continuous heating after power failure.
In the invention, the prepressing is preferably slow pressing or pulse pressing, the depressing speed of the slow pressing is preferably less than or equal to 2mm/s, and the depressing speed of the pulse pressing is preferably less than or equal to 20mm/s.
In the present invention, the temperature of the hot press creep is preferably the same as the heating temperature, and will not be described herein.
In the present invention, the apparatus for hot press creep is preferably in a large press, which preferably comprises a die forging machine, an extruder or a free forging machine.
According to the invention, the prefabricated blank is preferably loaded into a heating furnace at room temperature for heating, after the heat preservation is finished, the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace are moved to a large-scale press, the large-scale press is started for hot-pressing creep deformation of the prefabricated blank, and the interface of the prefabricated blank realizes high-quality metallurgical bonding under high temperature and long-term large pressure, so that the ultra-large specification metal blank is obtained, as shown in figure 2.
FIGS. 3 to 5 are machine drawings of the blank interface closing process in the hot-pressing creep process. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the microcosmic contact interface of the green unit before hot-pressing creep, and a large number of gaps exist between the joint surfaces due to the height fluctuation. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of void closure under high temperature creep and formation of a metallurgical bond region under thermal diffusion during hot press creep. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a bonding interface that forms a tight closure with a wider metallurgical bonding area after slow hot pressing for a longer period of time.
The term "ultra-large specification" in the "ultra-large specification metal blank" is understood as follows: the metal blank is limited by the current preparation means, only the blank with smaller specification can be prepared, for example, the titanium alloy can only prepare the blank with the specification less than 12t, but the specification of the blank which can be prepared by the method is 2 times or more than 2 times of the specification of the blank prepared by the conventional means, so the blank is called as the super-large specification.
To further illustrate the present invention, the hot press creep compounding method of oversized metal blanks provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
preparing 5 blocks of TA24 titanium alloy forged round cakes, and then aligning the end faces and the side faces of the round cakesMilling is carried out to remove oxide skin, and a round cake with phi 2000mm is obtained. Laminating the TA24 titanium alloy blank units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, aligning the edges of each layer of blank units, then opening the trolley into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10 -2 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the laminated layer for one circle, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 15kV, and the welding depth is 80mm to obtain the extra-large TA24 titanium alloy prefabricated blank with phi 2000 multiplied by 4000 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an ultra-large-specification titanium alloy prefabricated blank, then loading the titanium alloy prefabricated blank into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 800 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 8 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 1000 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 28 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, moving the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine, and performing hot-press compounding. The method comprises the steps of using a 60000t press machine, enabling a pressing block of the die forging machine to fully cover the upper surface of a prefabricated blank, setting the pressure of the die forging machine to be 40000t, the pressing-down speed to be 0.5mm/s and the pressing-down amount to be 320mm, starting the press machine to slowly apply pressure to the prefabricated blank, reducing the pressure to 12000t when the pressing-down amount reaches the set value of 320mm, starting pressure maintaining, and setting the creep pressure maintaining time to be 5h, so that 56.5t of TA24 titanium alloy blanks with ultra-large specifications are obtained.
Example 2:
8 square slabs of TA31 titanium alloy were prepared and then both surfaces and four sides were milled to remove scale, yielding 3500X 3000mm square slabs. Laminating the TA31 titanium alloy blank units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, aligning the edges of each layer of blank units, then opening the trolley into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10 -2 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the laminated layer for one circle, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 18kV, and the welding depth is 100mm to obtain the TA31 titanium alloy prefabricated blank with the ultra-large specification of 3500 multiplied by 3000 multiplied by 1800 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an oversized titanium alloy preform, then loading the titanium alloy preform into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy preform to 850 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 8 hours, heating the titanium alloy preform to 1080 ℃ along with the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, preserving the heat for 30 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after the heat preservation is finished, and paving the heating furnace and the furnaceThe prefabricated blank in the die is moved to the lower part of a large-scale die forging machine for hot-pressing compounding. The method comprises the steps of using a 100000t die forging machine, enabling a briquetting size of the die forging machine to completely cover the upper surface of a preformed blank, setting the pressure of a free forging machine to be 80000t, the reduction rate to be 10mm/s and the reduction to be 180mm, starting an extruding machine to slowly apply pressure to the preformed blank, reducing the pressure to 45000t when the reduction reaches the set value of 180mm, starting pressure maintaining, and obtaining 85t TA31 titanium alloy blank with an overlarge specification by creep deformation for 7 h.
Example 3:
preparing 9 TC21 titanium alloy forged round cakes, milling two end faces and side faces of the round cakes, and removing oxide skin to obtain the round cakes with the diameter of 1800 mm. Laminating the TC21 titanium alloy blank units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction, aligning the edges of each layer of blank units, then sending the blank units into an electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -2 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the laminated layer for one circle, wherein the welding beam current is 150mA, the welding voltage is 15kV, and the welding depth is 70mm to obtain the ultra-large TC21 titanium alloy prefabricated blank with the phi 1800 multiplied by 3150 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an oversized titanium alloy preform, then loading the titanium alloy preform into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy preform to 700 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 6 hours, heating the titanium alloy preform to 950 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 16 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, moving the heating furnace and the preform in the furnace to a large die forging machine, and performing hot-pressing compounding. The method comprises the steps of using a 50000t extrusion machine, enabling the size of a pressing block of a die forging machine to completely cover the upper surface of a prefabricated blank, setting the pressure of the extrusion machine to be 35000t, the pressing-down speed to be 20mm/s and the pressing-down amount to be 250mm, starting the extrusion machine to perform pulse pressing on the prefabricated blank, reducing the pressure to 20000t when the pressing-down amount reaches 250mm, starting pressure maintaining, and obtaining 36t of ultra-large TC21 titanium alloy blank with the creep pressure maintaining time of 6 h.
Example 4:
preparing 10C-276 nickel alloy forging square billets, then milling two end faces and side faces of the square billets, and removing oxide scales to obtain the cakes with the phi 1300 mm. Laminating the C-276 nickel alloy blank units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, aligning the edges of each layer of blank units, and then driving the trolley intoIn an electron beam welding machine, vacuum is pumped, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -1 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the laminated layer for one circle, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 20kV, and the welding depth is 60mm to obtain the ultra-large C-276 nickel alloy preform with the phi 1300 x 2550 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the titanium alloy prefabricated blank with the ultra-large specification, then loading the titanium alloy prefabricated blank into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 5 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 1000 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 8 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, moving the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine, and performing hot-pressing compounding. Using 20000t die forging machine, setting the die forging pressure at 15000t, the reduction rate at 0.2mm/s and the reduction at 240mm, starting the die forging machine to slowly apply pressure to the pre-formed blank, reducing the pressure to 10000t when the reduction reaches 240mm, and beginning to maintain the pressure, wherein the creep pressure-maintaining time is 5h, thus obtaining 30.1t of ultra-large specification C-276 nickel alloy blank.
Example 5:
preparing 5 blocks of DH36 high-strength and high-toughness steel forged round cakes, then milling two end faces and side faces of the round cakes, and removing oxide skin to obtain the round cakes with phi 2200 mm. Laminating the DH36 high-strength and high-toughness steel blank units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, aligning the edges of each layer of blank units, then opening the trolley into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -1 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the laminated layer for one circle, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 18kV, and the welding depth is 90mm to obtain the DH36 high-strength and high-toughness steel prefabricated blank with the ultra-large specification of phi 2200 x 4000 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of a super-large-specification high-strength and high-toughness steel prefabricated blank, then loading the steel prefabricated blank into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the steel prefabricated blank to 850 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 6 hours, heating the steel prefabricated blank to 1150 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 20 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, moving the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine, and performing hot-pressing compounding. Using 50000t die forging machine, setting pressure at 35000t, pressing rate at 0.5mm/s and pressing amount at 300mm, and starting pair of extrudersAnd slowly pressing the prefabricated blank, reducing the pressure to 20000t when the reduction reaches 300mm, and starting pressure maintaining for 6h in creep deformation pressure maintaining time to obtain 118.5t of the DH36 high-strength ductile steel blank with the super-large specification.
Example 6:
10 TC4ELI titanium alloy annular blank units with the specification are prepared, and the inner surface, the outer surface, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the blank are milled and cleaned to obtain the annular blank unit with the diameter of 4800 multiplied by 4300 mm. Preparing 2 TC4ELI titanium alloy cake-shaped blank units, milling and cleaning the surfaces of the blanks to obtain the cake-shaped blank unit with phi 4800 multiplied by 15 mm. Laminating the metal cake-shaped and annular units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, wherein the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are cake-shaped units, the edges of each layer of blank units are aligned, then the trolley is driven into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing is carried out, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -2 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the inner and outer circumferences of the laminated layer, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 15kV, and the welding depth is 80mm to obtain the ultra-large TC4ELI titanium alloy prefabricated blank with the size of phi 4800 multiplied by phi 4300 multiplied by 4000 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an ultra-large-specification titanium alloy prefabricated blank, then loading the titanium alloy prefabricated blank into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 900 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 7 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 1050 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 28 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, moving the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine, and performing hot-press compounding. The 60000t die forging machine is used, the size of a pressing block of the die forging machine needs to be capable of completely covering the upper surface of the preformed blank, the pressure is set to be 45000t, the reduction rate is 1mm/s, the reduction amount is 350mm, the die forging machine is started to slowly apply pressure to the preformed blank, when the reduction amount reaches 350mm, the pressure is reduced to 25000t, pressure maintaining is started, the creep deformation pressure maintaining time is 7h, and 66.3t of the ultra-large TC4ELI titanium alloy annular blank is obtained.
Fig. 6 is a macroscopic structure diagram of the longitudinal section of the blank in example 6 after hot-pressing creep compounding, and the position circled by the black frame in fig. 6 is a pressing area, so that effective metallurgical bonding occurs between layers after hot-pressing creep compounding, and the hot-pressing creep compounding method is proved to be reliable.
Example 7:
preparation of8 annular Ti62222 titanium alloy blank units, milling and cleaning the inner and outer surfaces and the upper and lower end surfaces of the blank to obtain annular blank units with phi 4300 multiplied by phi 3300 mm. 2 pie-shaped units of Ti62222 titanium alloy blanks are prepared, and the surfaces of the blanks are milled and cleaned to obtain the pie-shaped units of phi 4300 multiplied by 15 mm. Laminating the metal cake-shaped and annular units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, wherein the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are cake-shaped units, the edges of each layer of blank units are aligned, then, opening the trolley into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -2 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the inner and outer circumferences of the laminated layer, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 18kV, and the welding depth is 100mm to obtain the ultra-large Ti62222 titanium alloy prefabricated blank with the size of phi 4300 multiplied by phi 3300 multiplied by 3000 mm. After the surface of the titanium alloy prefabricated blank with the ultra-large specification is coated with the anti-oxidation coating, the titanium alloy prefabricated blank is placed into a special heating furnace from room temperature, the temperature is increased to 900 ℃ along with the furnace, the heat preservation time is 6 hours, the temperature is increased to 1100 ℃ along with the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and the heat preservation time is 23 hours. After the heat preservation is finished, heat preservation cotton is paved on the upper surface of the blank, and the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace are moved to a position below a large-scale die forging machine for hot-pressing compounding. The method comprises the steps of using a 60000t die forging machine, setting the pressure of the die forging machine to be 45000t, setting the reduction rate to be 5mm/s and the reduction amount to be 300mm, starting the die forging machine to slowly press the pre-cast blank, reducing the pressure to 25000t when the reduction amount reaches 300mm, and starting pressure maintaining for 8h in creep deformation pressure maintaining time to obtain the 81.7t ultra-large Ti62222 titanium alloy blank.
Example 8:
8 Inconel 690 nickel alloy annular blank units are prepared, and the inner and outer surfaces and the upper and lower end surfaces of the blank are milled and cleaned to obtain annular blank units with the diameter of 2100 x 1800 mm. 2 Inconel 690 nickel alloy cake-shaped blank units were prepared, and the blank surfaces were milled and washed to obtain a cake-shaped blank unit of phi 2100X 15 mm. Laminating the metal cake-shaped and annular units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, wherein the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are cake-shaped units, the edges of each layer of blank units are aligned, then the trolley is driven into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing is carried out, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -1 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the inner circle and the outer circle of the laminated layer, wherein the welding beam current is 250mA, the welding voltage is 18kV, and the welding depth is 60mm, so as to obtain the extra-large Inconel 690 nickel alloy prefabricated blank with the size of phi 2100 multiplied by phi 1800 multiplied by 4000 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an ultra-large-specification titanium alloy prefabricated blank, then loading the titanium alloy prefabricated blank into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 500 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 850 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 1100 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 8 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, and moving the heating furnace and the prefabricated blank in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine for hot-pressing compounding. The method comprises the steps of using a 50000t free forging machine, enabling the size of a pressing block of the die forging machine to completely cover the upper surface of a prefabricated blank, setting the pressure to be 35000t, setting the pressing-down rate to be 15mm/s and the pressing-down amount to be 300mm, starting the free forging machine to perform pulse pressing on the prefabricated blank, reducing the pressure to 20000t when the pressing-down amount reaches 300mm, starting pressure maintaining, and setting the creep pressure maintaining time to be 6h to obtain 33.4t of the Inconel 690 nickel alloy annular blank with the super-large specification.
Example 9:
5 annular DH36 high-strength and high-toughness steel blank units are prepared, and the inner surface, the outer surface, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the blank are milled and cleaned to obtain the annular blank unit with phi 4500 x phi 3600 mm. Preparing 2 DH36 high-strength and high-toughness steel cake-shaped blank units, and milling and cleaning the surfaces of the blanks to obtain the cake-shaped blank units with phi 4500 x 15 mm. Laminating the metal cake-shaped and annular units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, wherein the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are cake-shaped units, the edges of each layer of blank units are aligned, then the trolley is driven into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing is carried out, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -1 And when Pa, performing electron beam welding on the inner and outer circumferences of the laminated layer, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 18kV, and the welding depth is 90mm, so as to obtain the DH36 high-strength and high-toughness steel prefabricated blank with the ultra-large specification of phi 4500 x phi 3600 x 1700 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an ultra-large-specification titanium alloy prefabricated blank, then loading the titanium alloy prefabricated blank into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 900 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating the titanium alloy prefabricated blank to 1250 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, and preserving heat for 1 hourAnd 5h, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation is finished, and moving the heating furnace and the preformed blank in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine for hot-pressing compounding. The method comprises the steps of using an 80000t die forging machine, enabling a briquetting size of the die forging machine to completely cover the upper surface of a prefabricated blank, setting the pressure to be 60000t, the reduction rate to be 0.5mm/s, enabling the reduction to reach 170mm, starting the die forging machine to slowly apply pressure to the prefabricated blank, reducing the pressure to 45000t when the reduction reaches 170mm, starting pressure maintaining, and enabling creep pressure maintaining time to be 8h to obtain 79.3t of the ultra-large specification DH36 high strength and toughness steel metal annular blank.
Example 10:
8 annular TA15 titanium alloy blank units are prepared, and the inner and outer surfaces and the upper and lower end surfaces of the blank are milled and cleaned to obtain the annular blank unit with the diameter of 4800 multiplied by 4300 mm. 2 blocks of TA15 titanium alloy cake-shaped blank units are prepared, and the surfaces of the blanks are milled and cleaned to obtain the cake-shaped blank units with phi 4800 multiplied by 15 mm. Laminating the metal cake-shaped and annular units subjected to surface treatment in the height direction on an electron beam welding machine trolley, wherein the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are cake-shaped units, the edges of each layer of blank units are aligned, then, opening the trolley into the electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -2 And when Pa is required, performing electron beam welding on the lamination for one circle, wherein the welding beam current is 200mA, the welding voltage is 15kV, and the welding depth is 80mm to obtain the ultra-large TA15 titanium alloy preform with the size of phi 4800 multiplied by phi 4300 multiplied by 3500 mm. Coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of an oversized titanium alloy preform, then loading the oversized titanium alloy preform into a special heating furnace from room temperature, heating the titanium alloy preform to 550 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating the titanium alloy preform to 850 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating the titanium alloy preform to 1150 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation, preserving heat for 26 hours, paving heat preservation cotton on the upper surface of the blank after heat preservation, and moving the heating furnace and the preform in the furnace to a large-scale die forging machine for hot-pressing compounding. The method comprises the steps of using a 60000t die forging machine, setting the pressure of the die forging machine to be 45000t, setting the reduction rate to be 1.2mm/s and the reduction amount to be 350mm, starting the die forging machine to slowly apply pressure to the pre-cast blank, reducing the pressure to 25000t when the reduction amount reaches 350mm, and starting pressure maintaining for 8h in creep deformation pressure maintaining time to obtain the TA15 titanium alloy blank with the ultra-large specification of 58.2 t.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hot-pressing creep compounding method of an oversized metal blank is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a metal blank unit;
machining and surface treating the surface to be adhered of the metal blank unit in sequence to obtain a pretreated metal blank unit;
laminating at least two pretreated metal blank units, and then sealing and welding the edges of the contact surfaces of the obtained laminated layers under the vacuum condition to obtain a prefabricated blank;
and heating and hot-pressing creep deformation are sequentially carried out on the prefabricated blank to obtain the metal blank with the ultra-large specification.
2. The hot press creep compounding method according to claim 1, wherein the material of the metal billet unit is titanium, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, carbon steel or alloy steel;
the heating comprises a preheating stage and a final heating and heat preservation stage, the heat preservation temperature of the preheating stage is 500-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 5h, and the heat preservation temperature of the final heating and heat preservation stage is determined according to specific materials: when the metal blank unit is made of titanium or titanium alloy, the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is 950 to 1150 ℃, and when the metal blank unit is made of nickel, nickel alloy, carbon steel or alloy steel, the heat preservation temperature in the final heating and heat preservation stage is 1000 to 1250 ℃; the heat preservation time of the final heating and heat preservation stage is 8 to 30h; the heating rates of the preheating stage and the final heating and heat preservation stage are both temperature rise along with the furnace.
3. The hot-pressing creep composite method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hot-pressing creep comprises pre-pressing and creep holding, in sequence, the pre-pressing pressure is 8000 to 80000t, the reduction is less than or equal to 0.1H, the H is the height of the preform, the creep holding pressure is 30 to 80 percent of the pre-pressing pressure, and the creep holding time is 2 to 8h.
4. The hot-pressing creep compounding method according to claim 3, wherein the pre-pressing manner is divided into two types: the first is to continuously apply pressure to the blank, and the pressing rate is less than or equal to 2mm/s; the second is to apply pulse pressure to the blank at a rate of less than or equal to 20mm/s.
5. The hot pressing creep compounding method according to claim 1, wherein the equipment for hot pressing creep is a press machine, and the tonnage of the press machine is 10000 to 100000t.
6. The hot press creep composite method according to claim 1 further comprising applying an oxidation resistant coating to the surface of the preform prior to the heating.
7. The hot press creep compounding method of claim 1 wherein the sealing weld is a vacuum electron beam weld.
8. The hot press creep compounding method of claim 1 wherein the metal billet units are of a pie shape of constant diameter, a rectangular parallelepiped shape of constant side length, or a ring shape of constant diameter.
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