CN115568467A - 一种农药残留降解剂及其制备、使用方法 - Google Patents

一种农药残留降解剂及其制备、使用方法 Download PDF

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CN115568467A
CN115568467A CN202211039796.2A CN202211039796A CN115568467A CN 115568467 A CN115568467 A CN 115568467A CN 202211039796 A CN202211039796 A CN 202211039796A CN 115568467 A CN115568467 A CN 115568467A
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pesticide residue
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任俞霖
郝帅
董荣娇
蒋瑞彪
鲁晓云
张艳华
平媛
徐欣园
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Yumulinfeng Yunnan Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种农药残留降解剂及其制备、使用方法，降解剂包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：2‑6份；菊花：3‑7份；薄荷：2‑6份；草木灰：4‑7份；地黄：2‑6份；何首乌：3‑8份；甘草：1‑2份；绿豆：3‑7份；阿托品：4‑7份；南非叶：4‑8份；青蒿：4‑9份。本品为药用植物液混合体，诸药共同使用，协同发挥药性，能够有效降解氨基甲酸酯类农药残留物，及分解残留在农作物上的其他有害物质，提高作物食用安全性，保护生态，且有利于土壤结构稳定。

Description

一种农药残留降解剂及其制备、使用方法
技术领域
本发明属于农药残留降解技术领域，具体涉及一种农药残留降解剂及其制备、使用方法。
背景技术
由于我国农民倾向于多施甚至过量施用化学农药，导致土壤遭到严重破坏、植物的抗逆性减弱，病害、虫害急剧增加，并形成恶性循环。同时，在农产品上也产生了大量农药残留，不仅严重危害人、动物、植物的健康，而且造成河流、地下水污染，长期以往，形成恶劣的生态环境。
农药残留较多为氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类等。目前解决农药残留的问题，主要采用臭氧降解法、低温等离子降解法等，但该方式存在功能单一问题。故提出利用中药降解农药残留的构想。
发明内容
本发明针对氨基甲酸酯类农药残留物进行研究，采用一种中药配方，安全高效的解决氨基甲酸酯类农药残留物的问题，而且有效培肥土壤，改善作物生长环境，促进生态农业的发展。
本发明采用的技术方案是，一种农药残留降解剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：2-6份；菊花：3-7份；薄荷：2-6份；草木灰：4-7份；地黄：2-6份；何首乌：3-8份；甘草：1-2份；绿豆：3-7份；阿托品：4-7份；南非叶：4-8份；青蒿：4-9份。
作为本发明所述的一种农药残留降解剂的优选方案，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：6份；菊花：7份；薄荷：6份；草木灰：7份；地黄：6份；何首乌8份；甘草：2份；绿豆：7份；阿托品：7份；南非叶：8份；青蒿：9份。
优选地，所述何首乌经过九蒸九晒。
优选地，所述地黄采用生地黄。
一种农药残留降解剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将决明子净制后置热锅内中火炒至颜色加深、微有爆裂声、微鼓起、内部黄色、并逸出香气时，取出晾凉密封保存备用；
(2)取洁净何首乌片或块，用黑豆汁拌匀闷润，置非铁质的适宜容器内密闭，隔水加热或用蒸汽加热炖至汁液被吸尽，蒸至棕褐色时，取出干燥后保存备用；
(3)取厚薄均匀的干燥甘草片，用适量温水将炼蜜稀释，放入甘草搅拌均匀、闷润，文火炒至黄色或深黄色，以疏松不粘手取出摊晾；
(4)将上述制得到的决明子、何首乌、甘草、草木灰粉碎经CO2超临界萃取，萃取液进行固液分离，得到液体Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ，液体Ⅰ密封保存备用；
(5)将菊花、薄荷、地黄、绿豆干燥品粉碎后经CO2超临界萃取，萃取液进行固液分离，得到液体Ⅱ和滤渣Ⅱ，液体Ⅱ密封保存备用；
(6)将青蒿和南非叶粉碎后经超声波水解，固液分离，得到液体③和滤渣③，保存备用；
(7)将滤渣Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合，放入发酵池中密封发酵7～15天，温度控制在25～35℃，得到发酵液；
(8)向所得发酵液中加入液体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合过滤后，加入阿托品水溶液混匀得到农药残留降解剂。
一种农药残留降解剂的使用方法，按每亩土200ml农药残留降解剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒土壤和植物使用，在采收前10天使用一次，采收前5天再使用一次，共2次，使用时温度低于25℃。
相较现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本品属于农作物农药残留降解剂，是药用植物液混合体，诸药共同使用，协同发挥药性，能够有效降解氨基甲酸酯类农药残留物(如：霜霉威盐酸盐、霜霉威、乙霉威、茚虫威、异丙威、抗蚜威等)，及分解残留在农作物上及土壤中的其他农药成分，提高作物食用安全性，保护生态，且有利于土壤结构稳定；
(2)本发明使用的配方，含有多种有效成分，天然无污染，克服现有化学药剂容易破坏土壤结构的问题，不仅具有培肥土壤的功效，而且对炭疽杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等真菌有抑制作用，为作物创造有利的生长环境，可以有效减少害虫的发生、增强抗病虫害能力，能促进作物鲜活，提高作物品质。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式，基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换。均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例中涉及的组分原料，若无特殊说明，均为市面上能够购买的常用商品。
实施例1
一种农药残留降解剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：6份；菊花：7份；薄荷：6份；草木灰：7份；地黄：6份；何首乌8份；甘草：2份；绿豆：7份；阿托品：7份；南非叶：8份；青蒿：9份。所述何首乌经过九蒸九晒，地黄为生地黄。
一种农药残留降解剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将决明子净制后置热锅内中火炒至颜色加深、微有爆裂声、微鼓起、内部黄色、并逸出香气时，取出晾凉密封保存备用；
(2)取洁净何首乌片或块，用黑豆汁拌匀闷润，置非铁质的适宜容器内密闭，隔水加热或用蒸汽加热炖至汁液被吸尽，蒸至棕褐色时，取出干燥后保存备用；
(3)取厚薄均匀的干燥甘草片，用适量温水将炼蜜稀释，放入甘草搅拌均匀、闷润，文火炒至黄色或深黄色，以疏松不粘手取出摊晾；
(4)将上述制得到的决明子、何首乌、甘草、草木灰粉碎经CO2超临界萃取，萃取液进行固液分离，得到液体Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ，液体Ⅰ密封保存备用；
(5)将菊花、薄荷、地黄、绿豆干燥品粉碎后经CO2超临界萃取，萃取液进行固液分离，得到液体Ⅱ和滤渣Ⅱ，液体Ⅱ密封保存备用；
(6)将青蒿和南非叶粉碎后经超声波水解，固液分离，得到液体Ⅲ和滤渣Ⅲ，保存备用；
(7)将滤渣Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合，放入发酵池中密封发酵7～15天，温度控制在25～35℃，得到发酵液；
(8)向所得发酵液中加入液体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合过滤后，加入阿托品水溶液混匀得到农药残留降解剂。
实施例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于，一种农药残留降解剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：2份；菊花：3份；薄荷：2份；草木灰：4份；地黄：2份；何首乌：3份；甘草：1份；绿豆：3份；阿托品：4份；南非叶：4份；青蒿：4份。制备方法相同。
实施例3
与实施例1的不同之处在于，一种农药残留降解剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：6份；菊花：7份；薄荷：6份；草木灰：7份；地黄：6份；何首乌：8份；甘草：2份；绿豆：7份；阿托品：7份；南非叶：8份；青蒿：9份。制备方法相同。
实施例4
与实施例1的不同之处在于，一种农药残留降解剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：6份；菊花：7份；薄荷：6份；草木灰：7份；地黄：6份；何首乌8份；甘草：2份；绿豆：7份；阿托品：7份；南非叶：8份；青蒿：9份。制备方法相同。
田间试验
实验一
以西红柿为实验对象，实验设计6个小组，每组30株西红柿，将茚虫威兑水后喷洒在西红柿植株上，间隔10天喷1次，连续喷两次。喷药20天后将实施例1-4制备的农药残留降解剂分别以200ml农药残留降解剂兑35kg清水的比例混匀后，对其中四组西红柿植株分别进行喷洒，1组不作处理作为对照组1，另一组以阿托品兑水喷洒处理作为对照组2，5天后对西红柿分别进行农药残留检测，如下表所示：
Figure BDA0003819466720000061
在之后继续对实施例1-4喷洒的西红柿植株实验组间隔喷洒农药残留降解剂，观察记录其生长情况，如下所示：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 对照组1 对照组2
病害发生率 28％ 30％ 27％ 28％ 29％ 30％
植株长势 9.4 8.5 8.8 9.2 8.4 8.5
注意：植株长势以十分制标准评分。
实验二
以辣椒为实验对象，实验设计5个小组，每组30株辣椒，将丁硫克百威兑水后喷洒在辣椒植株上，15天后将实施例1-4制备的农药残留降解剂分别以200ml农药残留降解剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后，对其中四组辣椒分别进行喷洒，另一组不作处理作为对照组，3天后对辣椒分别进行农药残留检测，如下表所示：
Figure BDA0003819466720000071
在之后继续对实施例1-4喷洒的辣椒植株实验组间隔喷洒农药残留降解剂，观察记录其生长情况，如下所示：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 对照组1 对照组2
病害发生率 23％ 25％ 22％ 23％ 30％ 28％
植株长势 9.2 8.8 9.2 9.1 8.6 8.7
注意：植株长势以十分制标准评分。
实验三
以黄瓜作为实验对象，实验设计5个小组，每组20株黄瓜，按黄瓜的正常生长施加农药，采摘前10天和采摘前5天分别将实施例1-4制备的农药残留降解剂以200ml农药残留降解剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后，对其中四组黄瓜分别进行喷洒，1组不作处理作为对照组1，对黄瓜分别进行病药残留检测，结果如下：
Figure BDA0003819466720000072
在之后继续对实施例1-4喷洒的黄瓜植株实验组间隔喷洒农药残留降解剂，观察记录其生长情况，如下所示：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 对照组1 对照组2
病害发生率 22.5％ 25％ 22％ 24.5％ 27.73％ 30.45％
植株长势 9.4 8.9 9 9.3 8.6 8.8
注意：植株长势以十分制标准评分。
试验四
以烟草种植地作为实验对象，在烟草生长期间正常施用农药(包括茚虫威、霜霉威、异丙威、丁硫克百威)，在烟草收割后，按每亩土200ml农药残留降解剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑本发明实施例1制备的农药残留降解剂喷洒土壤，分别间隔5天喷洒一次，对喷洒药剂的土壤和未喷洒的土壤分别检测农药残留，结果如下：
Figure BDA0003819466720000081
申请人通过大量田间使用试验发现，本品对茚虫威、丁硫百克威、霜霉威等氨基甲酸酯类农药有较好的降解作用，平均降解率达到60％以上；并且本品对病菌和寄生虫有一定抑制作用，可以有效减少害虫的发生、增强作物抗病虫害能力。

Claims (6)

1.一种农药残留降解剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：2-6份；菊花：3-7份；薄荷：2-6份；草木灰：4-7份；地黄：2-6份；何首乌：3-8份；甘草：1-2份；绿豆：3-7份；阿托品：4-7份；南非叶：4-8份；青蒿：4-9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种农药残留降解剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的组分：决明子：6份；菊花：7份；薄荷：6份；草木灰：7份；地黄：6份；何首乌8份；甘草：2份；绿豆：7份；阿托品：7份；南非叶：8份；青蒿：9份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的一种农药残留降解剂，其特征在于，所述何首乌经过九蒸九晒。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的一种农药残留降解剂，其特征在于，所述地黄采用生地黄。
5.根据权利要去1-4任一所述的一种农药残留降解剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将决明子净制后置热锅内中火炒至颜色加深、微有爆裂声、微鼓起、内部黄色、并逸出香气时，取出晾凉密封保存备用；
取洁净何首乌片或块，用黑豆汁拌匀闷润，置非铁质的适宜容器内密闭，隔水加热或用蒸汽加热炖至汁液被吸尽，蒸至棕褐色时，取出干燥后保存备用；
取厚薄均匀的干燥甘草片，用适量温水将炼蜜稀释，放入甘草搅拌均匀、闷润，文火炒至黄色或深黄色，以疏松不粘手取出摊晾；
将上述制得到的决明子、何首乌、甘草、草木灰粉碎经CO2超临界萃取，萃取液进行固液分离，得到液体Ⅰ和滤渣Ⅰ，液体Ⅰ密封保存备用；
将菊花、薄荷、地黄、绿豆干燥品粉碎后经CO2超临界萃取，萃取液进行固液分离，得到液体Ⅱ和滤渣Ⅱ，液体Ⅱ密封保存备用；
将青蒿和南非叶粉碎后经超声波水解，固液分离，得到液体Ⅲ和滤渣Ⅲ，保存备用；
将滤渣Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合，放入发酵池中密封发酵7～15天，温度控制在25～35℃，得到发酵液；
向所得发酵液中加入液体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合过滤后，加入阿托品水溶液混匀得到农药残留降解剂。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的一种农药残留降解剂的使用方法，其特征在于：按每亩土200ml农药残留降解剂兑35kg清水的比例勾兑后喷洒土壤和植物使用，在采收前10天使用一次，采收前5天再使用一次，共2次，使用时温度低于25℃。
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