CN115566436A - Super surface, array and system for improving RFID working environment - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0046—Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super surface, an array and a system for improving the RFID working environment, wherein the super surface comprises a first super surface unit and a second super surface unit, the structures of the two super surface units are in mirror symmetry, the co-polarized reflection coefficient curves and the cross-polarized reflection curves of the two super surface units are superposed, the reflection phase difference is pi, and the super surfaces are arranged according to a genetic algorithm to form the super surface array, so that the omnidirectional scattering of electromagnetic waves is realized, and the problem of non-uniform field in a closed space is solved. The invention improves the recognition rate of the electronic tag in the closed cavity, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of the internal space and solves the problems of the RFID at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial electromagnetic materials and radio frequency identification, in particular to a super surface, an array and a system for improving the working environment of RFID.
Background
The high-speed development of the internet of things enables the application field and range of the RFID technology to be more and more extensive, and in an RFID system, a reader antenna generates an electromagnetic field and exchanges information with an electronic tag in a wireless radio frequency mode in a contactless mode so as to achieve the identification purpose. However, in a specific application environment of RFID in many application fields, there is a case where the reader/writer and the electronic tag cannot be identified in the RFID system. For example, in asset management, the inside of a closed metal safe is limited by boundary conditions of metal walls around, and an electric field generated by a reader-writer antenna operating in an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Frequency band in the metal safe is not distributed uniformly, that is, the electric field intensity at some positions in the specific space is too low or too High, which directly causes that an electronic tag at a position with too low electric field intensity cannot be identified effectively, and an electronic tag at a position with too High electric field intensity may be damaged. The two conditions can influence the identification rate of the electronic tag in the metal safe, so that the space in the metal safe cannot be efficiently utilized. Therefore, in order to deal with the more complex working environment of the future RFID technology, the problem of field unevenness in the closed metal cabinet is solved under the UHF frequency band, the identification rate of the electronic tags is improved, the space in the metal cabinet is efficiently utilized, and the gap of the RFID technology under the specific environment is filled, so that the RFID technology is extremely significant and valuable.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a meta-surface, an array and a system for improving the RFID operating environment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a super-surface for improving the working environment of an RFID (radio frequency identification device) comprises a first super-surface unit and a second super-surface unit, wherein the structures of the two super-surface units are in mirror symmetry, a co-polarization reflection coefficient curve and a cross-polarization reflection curve of the two super-surface units are superposed, the reflection phase difference is pi, and the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are respectively marked by a '0' element and a '1' element and correspond to a 1-bit coding bit.
Furthermore, the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit both comprise dielectric layers, the bottom surfaces of the dielectric layers are provided with metal floors, the top surfaces of the dielectric layers are provided with metal patches, each metal patch comprises nine equal-width metal strips, and the nine equal-width metal strips form a double-arrow structure and two V-shaped structures.
Further, the nine equal-width metal strips are divided into a first metal strip, a second metal strip and a third metal strip according to the length;
the first metal strip is one and is arranged on one diagonal line of the dielectric layer;
the number of the second metal strips is four, and every two second metal strips are arranged at two ends of the first metal strip in a group respectively to form double arrows;
the third metal strips are four, every two third metal strips form a V shape in a group, the two V shapes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first metal strip, two vertexes of the V shapes are located on the other diagonal line of the dielectric layer, and openings of the V shapes are opposite.
Further, the dielectric layer is of a cubic structure.
A super-surface array comprises N multiplied by M super-surface units arranged in an array, wherein each super-surface unit comprises a first super-surface unit and a second super-surface unit, electromagnetic waves are evenly distributed to each reflection direction by setting the positions and the number of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit in the array, each first super-surface unit is formed by arranging a plurality of super-surfaces in an array, and each super-surface is a first super-surface unit; the second super-surface super unit is formed by arranging a plurality of super surfaces in an array mode, the super surfaces are second super-surface units, the reflection phase difference pi of the first super-surface super unit and the second super-surface super unit is, and the two super-surface super units are respectively represented by a '0' element and a '1' element and correspond to a 1-bit coding bit.
Further, the positions and the number of the first super-surface super unit and the second super-surface super unit in the super-surface array are obtained through calculation of a genetic algorithm.
The utility model provides a system, is applicable to the RFID discernment of sealing the metal intracavity, includes the surperficial disc of surpassing, the surperficial disc of surpassing by the surperficial array of surpassing cuts and constitutes, the top surface of surpassing the surperficial disc setting in sealing the metal intracavity, it is parallel with the top surface to surpass surperficial disc, through clockwise or anticlockwise rotation disturbance for the electromagnetic field in the sealing metal intracavity is even.
Further, the rotational perturbation follows the reverberation theory.
Further, the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation disturbance is specifically 12 times of rotation, each time by 30 degrees.
Further, the super-surface disc is the largest inscribed circle of the super-surface array, namely the diameter of the super-surface disc is the side length of the super-surface array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The super-surface comprises a first super-surface unit and a second super-surface unit, wherein the two super-surface units are in mirror symmetry, and a co-polarization reflection coefficient curve and a cross-polarization reflection coefficient curve are superposed, so that the polarization conversion of the direction of electromagnetic waves incident to the units is realized, and a 180-degree phase difference is constructed.
(2) The invention adopts a genetic algorithm to arrange the positions and the number of the first super-surface super unit and the second super-surface super unit in the super-surface array, so that the electromagnetic waves are evenly distributed in each reflection direction, and the omnibearing scattering effect of the electromagnetic waves is realized.
(3) According to the invention, the super-surface array is cut into a disc shape by utilizing the scattering characteristic of the super-surface on electromagnetic waves, so that the super-surface array is mechanically rotated at the top of the metal cabinet, and the field distribution in the metal cabinet is further changed by continuously providing disturbance to the electromagnetic field in the metal cabinet, thereby improving the field nonuniformity in the metal cabinet and improving the recognition rate of the electronic tag.
(4) The invention utilizes the thinner physical characteristic of the super surface to be arranged at the top of the metal cabinet, thereby avoiding the defect of occupying the internal space and realizing the efficient utilization of the internal space of the metal cabinet.
(5) The super-surface disc layout structure has the advantages of strong super-surface disc layout regularity, simple structure, and convenient processing of selected materials, so the super-surface disc layout structure is easy to realize.
(6) The invention organically combines the super surface and the RFID technology together, solves the problem of the RFID technology in the UHF frequency band in a specific environment by introducing the super surface, improves the identification rate of the electronic tag in the closed metal cabinet, indirectly widens the working range of the reader-writer and has good technical prospect.
(7) The invention has great improvement effect on the problem of nonuniform field in the closed metal cavity. The thinner coding scattering type super-surface disc ceaselessly disturbs the electromagnetic field inside the metal cabinet through rotation, so that the field uniformity effect inside the metal cabinet is effectively maintained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic structural view of a first super-surface unit in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic structural view of a second super-surface unit in example 1 of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are graphs of the reflection amplitude and the reflection phase of FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), respectively;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface array in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave scattering effect of the super-surface array in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cutting of a super-surface disk according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the electromagnetic wave scattering effect of the super-surface disk in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing specific positions of eight test points in a metal cabinet and specific dimensions of the metal cabinet according to the present invention;
FIGS. 9 (a) -9 (d) are graphs of the field uniformity of the test space within the metal cabinet of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a data diagram of maximum field strengths of eight test points in a test area in a metal cabinet according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b), a super surface for improving an RFID working environment is suitable for a UHF band and can realize polarization conversion of incident electromagnetic waves, and specifically includes a first super surface unit 1 and a second super surface unit 2, a co-polarization reflection coefficient curve and a cross-polarization reflection curve of the two super surface units coincide, a cross-polarization reflection coefficient of the two super surface units in the UHF band approaches to 0dB, and the co-polarization reflection coefficient is lower than-10 dB, so that polarization conversion of the incident electromagnetic wave direction of the unit can be realized. The polarization conversion reflection amplitudes of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are the same, the structures are in mirror symmetry, the reflection phase difference is pi, and the reflection phase difference is respectively represented by a '0' element and a '1' element and corresponds to a '0' and a '1' of a 1-bit coding bit.
Further, the structure of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit comprises: the metal floor board comprises a dielectric layer 4, wherein a metal floor board 3 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer 4, a metal patch is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric layer 4, the thickness of the metal floor board 3 on the bottom surface is the same as that of the metal patch on the top surface, and the dielectric layer is thinner. The metal floor is square, and the dielectric layer is of a cubic structure.
Furthermore, the metal patch is composed of nine metal strips with the same width, and is divided into a first metal strip, a second metal strip and a third metal strip according to the length sequence, wherein the first metal strip is one strip, is arranged on the diagonal of the upper surface of the dielectric layer, and is symmetrically distributed around the center of the surface of the dielectric layer. The number of the second metal strips is four, every two second metal strips are arranged at two ends of the first metal strip in a group and are symmetrically arranged to form a double-arrow pattern, and the second metal strips and the first metal strips form an included angle of 59 degrees. The third metal strips are four, two metal strips form two V-shaped patterns in a group, are positioned on the other diagonal of the upper surface of the dielectric layer, are opposite in opening and are symmetrical about the diagonal. The metal patch structure can realize the polarization conversion function in the UHF frequency band.
Specifically, the metal patch structures of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are mirror-symmetric to each other, so that a phase difference of 180 degrees is realized.
The preferred parameters used in this example 1 are as follows:
a theoretical model is established by using CST Studio 2020 electromagnetic simulation software, and as shown in FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 1 (b), specific parameters of the structure area=56mm, b=36mm, c=14mm, d=2.5mm, e=14.6mm, l=60mm, h=31mm, α =59 °, β =45 °. Selection of dielectric layerRogers5880, dielectric constant ε r =2.2, the loss tangent angle is 0.0009.
As shown in simulation results of FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 2 (b), it is proved that the co-polarized emission coefficient curve and the cross-polarized reflection curve of the two super-surface units coincide, and the reflection phase difference is pi, the reflection characteristics of the super-surface units can be regulated and controlled by modifying the parameters and replacing the dielectric material, so that the scattering effect on electromagnetic waves can be achieved in other working frequency bands.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, a super-surface array includes N × M super-surface units arranged in an array, where N and M are integers greater than 1. The super-surface super unit comprises a first super-surface super unit and a second super-surface super unit, wherein the first super-surface super unit and the second super-surface super unit are both formed by the super surface described in embodiment 1, the first super-surface super unit is formed by first super-surface units which are arranged in an array, namely '0' elements, and the second super-surface super unit is formed by second super-surface units which are arranged in an array, namely '1' elements, so that the whole of the first super-surface super unit and the whole of the second super-surface super unit are respectively represented by '0' elements and '1' elements, corresponding to '0' and '1' of the 1-bit coding bits, and the phase difference between the two super units is pi.
The super-surface array is a thinner encoding scattering super-surface.
In order to obtain the optimal arrangement of the super-surface array, the array has excellent scattering effect on electromagnetic waves. The invention introduces a genetic algorithm to calculate and determine the positions and the number of the first super-surface super unit and the second super-surface super unit, the arrangement of the two super-surface super units after arrangement can enable incident electromagnetic waves to be reflected towards a plurality of directions in space as much as possible, limited energy is evenly distributed to each reflection direction according to the law of conservation of energy, and part of energy of the incident electromagnetic waves can be obtained in each direction, namely, the omnibearing backscattering effect of the electromagnetic waves is finally realized.
In this embodiment 2, the super-surface array is composed of 8 × 8 super-surface units, and each super-surface unit is composed of 6 × 6 super-surface units.
The super surface is used for overcoming the problem that the recognition rate of the electronic tag is low due to the fact that an electromagnetic field in a closed metal cabinet is not uniform in the prior art, and how to achieve the uniformity of the electromagnetic field by using the super surface is a technical key.
The design process of the array in this embodiment is as follows:
the electromagnetic field is uniform, namely, the electromagnetic wave beams incident on the super surface are scattered in all directions in the space as uniformly as possible, the distribution of the internal electric field is not regular, and the energy is uniformly distributed in the space again.
In order to ensure that the super-surface array has a good regulation effect on electromagnetic waves and has a small size, the invention is realized by constructing a 180-degree phase difference on a planar surface and encoding the super-surface by using 1-bit.
The metal patch structure of the super-surface unit enables the super-surface unit to realize polarization conversion in a UHF frequency band. The co-polarization reflection coefficient is very low, which indicates that the electromagnetic wave with the same polarization direction as the incident electromagnetic wave is not effectively reflected after passing through the super-surface. The cross polarization reflection coefficient approaches to 0dB, which shows that the electromagnetic wave with a 90-degree difference with the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave is reflected greatly after passing through the super surface.
As shown in FIG. 4, the scattering field diagram is obtained by CST Studio Suite 2020 electromagnetic simulation software.
Example 3
The utility model provides a system, is applicable to the operational environment of the RFID in the closed metal cavity, RFID includes reader-writer antenna and electronic tags, and closed metal cavity is the metal cabinet in this embodiment 3.
The system comprises a metal cabinet 7, the metal cabinet is of a six-sided structure, a reader-writer antenna 6 is arranged on the bottom surface of the metal cabinet, a super-surface disc 5 is arranged on the top surface of the metal cabinet, is parallel to the top surface and is close to the top surface, and the reader-writer antenna is arranged under the circle center of the super-surface disc.
The super-surface disc 5 rotates according to the reverberation theory to disturb the electromagnetic field inside the metal cabinet, so that the recognition rate of the electronic tags is improved.
The rotation comprises clockwise or anticlockwise rotation, and the judgment standard is that the metal cabinet is viewed from the bottom surface to the top surface.
Further, the preferred number of rotations of the present invention is 12 according to the reverberation theory, each rotation being 30 degrees.
The number of times and the angle of rotation of the super-surface disk are set according to the reverberation theory, and are not limited to the preferred number of times and angle in the present embodiment, and other numbers or angles may be selected as needed, but the disk rotates at the same angle each time. The rotation times and angles of the super-surface disc are closely related to the uniform effect of the electromagnetic field.
As shown in fig. 5, the super-surface disk is formed by cutting the super-surface array in example 2, and the super-surface disk is the largest inscribed circle of the super-surface array, that is, the diameter of the super-surface disk is the side length of the super-surface array.
In this example 3, the super surface array is square, the array side length is 2.880m, and the super surface disk radius is 1.44m.
Further, the diameter of the super-surface disc is more than 60% of the length of the minimum boundary of the closed metal cavity. The minimum boundary is exemplified by a metal cabinet, the metal cabinet is a cube, the boundary of the metal cabinet is in a length, a width and a height, and the minimum value of the three is taken as the minimum boundary length.
As shown in FIG. 6, a scattering field diagram of the super-surface disk is obtained through simulation software, which proves that the super-surface disk still has a good scattering effect on electromagnetic waves, and when the super-surface disk is placed on the top of a metal cabinet to rotate, effective disturbance can be provided for an internal electromagnetic field.
As shown in fig. 7, the super-surface disk 5 is placed on the top of the metal cabinet, the super-surface disk is parallel to the metal wall on the top of the metal cabinet 7, and the electromagnetic field in the closed metal cabinet is disturbed by rotating for 12 times clockwise or counterclockwise (looking from the bottom of the metal cabinet to the top), and rotating for 30 degrees each time to realize field uniformity.
As shown in fig. 8, the position of the eight test points in the metal cabinet is schematically shown, and the specific positions of the eight test points are (1350), -1350,105), (1350,1350,105), (1350, -1350,1870), (1350,1350,1870), (1350,1350, -1350,1870), (1350,1350,1870), the size of the metal cabinet is 2.9m × 2.9m × 2.008m, and the cubic space surrounded by the eight test points inwards is the test area and the main realization area with uniform field, and the volume is 76.2% of the whole metal cabinet.
As shown in fig. 9 (a) to 9 (d), in the operating frequency band of the reader-writer antenna (the frequency band shown by the gray rectangle), all field components are smaller than the standard requirement, that is, the field nonuniformity phenomenon is improved in the test area in the metal cabinet, and the field uniformity is realized.
As shown in fig. 10, it is proved that the electric field intensities of the eight test points in the same direction in the same frequency band are approximately the same, and the magnitude of the electric field intensity is enough to activate most of the commercially available electronic tags operating in the UHF band.
Therefore, the thin coding scattering type super-surface disc improves the problem of non-uniform field in a certain area in a closed metal cabinet under the UHF frequency band, realizes uniform field, improves the identification rate of electronic tags in the closed metal cabinet, and efficiently utilizes the space in the closed metal cabinet.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A super-surface for improving the RFID working environment is characterized by comprising a first super-surface unit and a second super-surface unit, wherein the structures of the two super-surface units are in mirror symmetry, the co-polarization reflection coefficient curves and the cross-polarization reflection curves of the two super-surface units are superposed, the reflection phase difference is pi, and the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are respectively represented by a '0' element and a '1' element and correspond to a 1-bit coding bit.
2. The super-surface of claim 1, wherein the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit each comprise a dielectric layer, a metal floor is disposed on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer, a metal patch is disposed on the top surface of the dielectric layer, the metal patch comprises nine metal strips with equal width, and the nine metal strips with equal width form a double-arrow structure and two V-shaped structures.
3. The super-surface according to claim 2, wherein the nine equal-width metal strips are divided into a first metal strip, a second metal strip and a third metal strip according to length;
the first metal strip is one and is arranged on one diagonal line of the dielectric layer;
the number of the second metal strips is four, and every two second metal strips are arranged at two ends of the first metal strip in a group respectively to form double arrows;
the third metal strips are four, every two third metal strips form a V shape in a group, the two V shapes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first metal strip, two vertexes of the V shapes are located on the other diagonal line of the dielectric layer, and openings of the V shapes are opposite.
4. A meta-surface according to claim 2, wherein the dielectric layer is of a cubic structure.
5. A super-surface array, comprising NxM super-surface units arranged in an array, wherein each super-surface unit comprises a first super-surface unit and a second super-surface unit, the electromagnetic waves are uniformly distributed in each reflection direction by setting the positions and the number of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit in the array, the first super-surface unit is formed by arranging a plurality of super-surfaces according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the array, and the super-surface is the first super-surface unit; the second super surface unit is formed by arranging a plurality of super surfaces according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in an array mode, the super surface is a second super surface unit, the reflection phase difference pi of the first super surface unit and the second super surface unit is, and the two super surface units are respectively represented by a '0' element and a '1' element and correspond to a 1-bit coding bit.
6. The array of claim 5, wherein the locations and numbers of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit in the super-surface array are calculated by a genetic algorithm.
7. A system, which is suitable for RFID identification in a closed metal cavity, and comprises a super-surface disk, wherein the super-surface disk is formed by cutting the super-surface array of any one of claims 5 to 6, the super-surface disk is arranged on the top surface in the closed metal cavity, the super-surface disk is parallel to the top surface, and the electromagnetic field in the closed metal cavity is uniform through clockwise or anticlockwise rotation disturbance.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the rotational perturbation follows reverberation theory.
9. System according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the clockwise or counter-clockwise rotational disturbance is in particular 12 rotations, each rotation being 30 °.
10. The system of claim 7, wherein the super-surface disk is the largest inscribed circle of the super-surface array, the super-surface disk diameter being the side length of the super-surface array.
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Application publication date: 20230103 |