CN115562013A - Method for evaluating and regulating maximum power step quantity of full-power pumped storage unit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum power step quantity evaluation method and a regulation and control method for a full-power pumped storage unit, which are used for acquiring a working condition data set; constructing a load model, and calculating a frequency response curve of the reduced-order active frequency response model under power step excitation; calculating the maximum power step quantity corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set under the safety constraint condition according to the frequency response curve to obtain a maximum power step quantity data set; acquiring working condition data and a power regulation instruction; matching the maximum power step quantity data sets to obtain maximum power step quantity data corresponding to the working condition data; judging whether the step capability of the maximum power step quantity data is within the range of power regulation capability or not based on a power regulation instruction, and if so, directly performing step processing on the full-power pumping and storage unit; the method has the advantages that the quick power step adjustment capability release of the full-power pumping and storing unit is realized, so that the full-power pumping and storing unit can fully exert the supporting capability of quick power on the premise of ensuring the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of operation control of a full-power variable-speed constant-frequency pumping unit, in particular to a maximum power step quantity evaluation method and a regulation and control method of the full-power pumping unit.
Background
In order to ensure that the unit has a rapid power step adjustment capability, the full-power pumping and storage unit generally adopts a rapid power control mode of controlling power by a converter and controlling rotating speed by a speed regulator, however, under the control mode, the rapid power adjustment of the full-power pumping and storage unit will cause the rotating speed (or frequency) of the unit to deviate from an optimal operating condition, frequent adjustment will affect the operating efficiency of the unit, increase the vibration of the unit and shorten the service life of the unit, and generally the full-power pumping and storage unit is controlled by strictly limiting the rapid power step amount of the full-power pumping and storage unit, but by adopting the method, the unit cannot fully exert the rapid power support capability.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the full-power pumped storage unit cannot fully exert the supporting capacity of the rapid power due to the fact that the full-power pumped storage unit is adjusted by limiting the rapid power step quantity in the prior art, and aims to provide an evaluation method and a regulation and control method for the maximum power step quantity of the full-power pumped storage unit, so that the full-power pumped storage unit can fully exert the supporting capacity of the rapid power.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the maximum power step quantity evaluation method of the full-power pumped storage unit comprises the following steps:
acquiring a working condition data set, wherein the working condition data set is a unit power data set and a water head data set of a full-power pumping and storing unit when the full-power pumping and storing unit operates;
constructing a reduced-order active frequency response model, and calculating a frequency response curve of the reduced-order active frequency response model under power step excitation, wherein the reduced-order active frequency response model is an equivalent model under the condition of neglecting the influence of an excitation system and a converter of a full-power storage unit;
and calculating the maximum power step quantity corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set under the safety constraint condition according to the frequency response curve to obtain a maximum power step quantity data set.
Preferably, the specific calculation method of the frequency response curve includes:
constructing a reduced order active frequency response model, constructing a small signal model according to the reduced order active frequency response model, and extracting a frequency response curve of the small signal model under load step excitation.
Preferably, the method for calculating the maximum power step size includes:
calculating power step quantity corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set according to the frequency response curve and the working condition data set;
And judging whether the corresponding frequency in the frequency response curve meets a safety constraint condition, and if so, obtaining the maximum power step quantity.
Preferably, the safety constraints specifically include:
maximum frequency f in unit power step process max Greater than the frequency limit f corresponding to overspeed protection maxall But of duration t over Less than overspeed protection action delay t overdelay ；
Lowest frequency f in the unit power step process min Less than the frequency limit f corresponding to the low frequency protection minall But of duration t low Less than low frequency protection action delay t lowdelay ；
In the unit power step process, the actual frequency f of the unit real With an optimum frequency f opt Absolute value of deviation between | f err | is greater than the allowed frequencyAbsolute value of rate | f errall L, but duration t err Less than the maximum withstand time t errdelay 。
Preferably, the reduced-order active frequency response model comprises a speed regulator, a water turbine and a generator, wherein the output end of the speed regulator is connected with the input end of the water turbine, the output end of the water turbine is connected with the input end of the generator, the output end of the generator outputs the actual power of the full-power pumping and storage unit, the actual power and the reference frequency of the full-power pumping and storage unit are input into the speed regulator, the generator adopts a second-order model, and the load model adopts a constant-power load model and is connected to the end of the generator in parallel.
Preferably, the water turbine adopts an equivalent model which can consider the influence of an initial operating water head and a load, and the specific expression is as follows:
s is a laplace operator; the delta Pm is the mechanical power deviation quantity output by the water turbine; Δ y is a guide vane opening deviation amount; t is a unit of wN Is the water hammer time constant at the rated operating point; g ht (s) is the turbine transfer function. P m0 For the initial steady-state value of the mechanical power output of the turbine, h 0 Is the initial operating head of the turbine.
Preferably, the specific expression of the small signal model is as follows:
x is a state variable of the small signal model, Y is an output variable of the small signal model, and U is an input variable of the small signal model; a is a state matrix of the small signal model, B is an input matrix of the small signal model, C is an output matrix of the small signal model, and D is a transmission matrix of the small signal model.
Preferably, the specific expression of the maximum power step amount is:
t is time, t s And the delta P is the power step quantity, and the adjustment time required by the unit frequency deviation smaller than the maximum allowable frequency deviation after the power step.
The invention also provides a maximum power step quantity regulation and control method of the full-power pumped storage unit, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring working condition data and a power adjusting instruction of real-time operation of a full-power pumping and storage unit;
Matching the working condition data with the maximum power step quantity data set calculated by the evaluation method to obtain maximum power step quantity data corresponding to the working condition data;
and judging whether the step capability of the maximum power step quantity data is within the power regulation capability range or not based on the power regulation instruction, if so, directly performing step processing on the full-power pumping and storing unit, and otherwise, performing step power addition.
When the power of a full-power pumping and storage unit is rapidly adjusted in the prior art, the full-power pumping and storage unit is generally controlled by strictly limiting the rapid power step amount of the full-power pumping and storage unit, but the unit cannot fully exert the rapid power supporting capability by adopting the method; the invention provides a maximum power step value regulating method of a full-power pumping and storing unit, which is characterized in that real-time working condition data are matched with the calculated maximum power step value, and the full-power pumping and storing unit is directly regulated in real time according to the matched data, so that the rapid power step regulating capability of the full-power pumping and storing unit is realized, and the full-power pumping and storing unit can fully exert the supporting capability of rapid power.
Preferably, the specific method step of phased power application includes: and (4) carrying out first adjustment by using maximum power step capability, delaying time t, and linearly adding power by using a slope k until the target power is reached.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the method for evaluating and regulating the maximum power step quantity of the full-power pumping storage unit, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the real-time working condition data is matched with the calculated maximum power step quantity, and the full-power pumping storage unit is directly regulated in real time according to the matched data, so that the rapid power step regulation capability of the full-power pumping storage unit is released, and the full-power pumping storage unit can fully exert the support capability of rapid power on the premise of ensuring the safety.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation method;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a regulation method;
FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve of the unit;
FIG. 4 shows the unit active power under the working condition of operating head 130m and load 4 MW;
FIG. 5 shows the unit frequency under the working condition of operating head 130m and load 4 MW;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reduced-order active frequency response model.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or examples are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a maximum power step quantity evaluation method of a full-power storage unit, which is characterized in that before the full-power storage unit is regulated, the power step regulation capacity of the full-power storage unit is evaluated, namely, the maximum power step quantity corresponding to working condition data is calculated in a mode of constructing an equivalent model under the condition of neglecting the influence of a unit excitation system and a converter, and then when the full-power storage unit runs in real time, the maximum power step quantity corresponding to the working condition data is matched and regulated through implementing the influence of the unit excitation system and the converter, the core idea of the method is that the influence of the unit excitation system and the converter is ignored, the full-power variable-speed storage unit is equivalent to a single-machine constant-power load model with a reserved speed regulation system, and the model reduces the model order relative to a complete model of the unit, so the invention is called a reduced-order active frequency response model; and solving the unit frequency response under the power step excitation based on the model. Based on the frequency response curve, the maximum power step quantity allowed under each working condition is obtained by taking the condition that the frequency protection is not triggered and the actual frequency deviates from the optimal frequency to meet the requirement as a constraint condition.
As shown in fig. 1, the method steps include:
s1: acquiring a working condition data set, wherein the working condition data set is a unit power data set and a water head data set of a full-power pumping and storing unit when the full-power pumping and storing unit operates; in step S1, the acquired working condition data sets are unit power data and head data of the full-power storage unit in a real-time operating state, and the working condition data sets include combinations of different data sets under various conditions, so as to calculate a maximum power step amount under the condition of neglecting the influence of the unit excitation system and the converter.
S2: constructing a load model, and calculating a frequency response curve of the reduced-order active frequency response model under power step excitation, wherein the negative reduced-order active frequency response model is an equivalent model under the condition of neglecting the influence of an excitation system and a converter of the full-power storage unit;
the specific calculation method of the frequency response curve comprises the following steps:
constructing a reduced-order active frequency response model, constructing a small signal model according to the reduced-order active frequency response model, and extracting a frequency response curve of the small signal model under load step excitation.
In this example, the load model constructed is shown in FIG. 6, where ω is 0 Is the unit reference frequency, omega is the unit actual frequency, P e And the equivalent load of the unit. Compared with a complete model of a full-power unit, the model does not consider the influence of an excitation system, considers a detailed model of a speed regulator, and adopts a 2-order model for a generator.
The reduced-order active frequency response model comprises a speed regulator, a water turbine, a generator and a load, wherein the output end of the speed regulator is connected with the input end of the water turbine, the output end of the water turbine is connected with the input end of the generator, the output end of the generator outputs the actual power of a full-power pumping and storage unit, the actual power and the reference frequency of the full-power pumping and storage unit are input into the speed regulator, the generator adopts a second-order model, and the load model adopts a constant-power load model and is connected to the end of the generator in parallel.
The water turbine adopts an equivalent model which can consider the influence of an initial operation water head and a load, and the specific expression is as follows:
s is a laplace operator; the delta Pm is the mechanical power deviation amount output by the water turbine; Δ y is a guide vane opening deviation amount; t is a unit of wN Is the water hammer time constant at the rated operating point; g ht (s) is the turbine transfer function. P is m0 For the initial steady-state value of the mechanical power output, h, of the turbine 0 Is the initial operating head of the turbine.
According to the reduced-order active frequency response model shown in fig. 6, a small signal model is established, and the specific expression of the small signal model is as follows:
x is a state variable of the small signal model, Y is an output variable of the small signal model, and U is an input variable of the small signal model; a is a state matrix of the small signal model, B is an input matrix of the small signal model, C is an output matrix of the small signal model, and D is a transmission matrix of the small signal model.
S3: and calculating the maximum power step quantity corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set under the safety constraint condition according to the frequency response curve to obtain a maximum power step quantity data set.
The method for calculating the maximum power step quantity comprises the following steps:
calculating power step quantity corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set according to the frequency response curve and the working condition data set;
and judging whether the corresponding frequency in the frequency response curve meets a safety constraint condition, and if so, obtaining the maximum power step quantity.
The specific expression of the safety constraint condition is as follows:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
maximum frequency f in unit power step process max Greater than the frequency limit f corresponding to overspeed protection maxall But of duration t over Is less than overspeed protection action delay t overdelay ；
Lowest frequency f in unit power step process min Less than the frequency limit f corresponding to the low frequency protection minall But of duration t low Less than low frequency protection action delay t lowdelay ；
In the unit power step process, the actual frequency f of the unit real With an optimum frequency f opt Absolute value of deviation between | f err | is greater than the allowed absolute value of frequency | f errall L, but duration t err Less than the maximum withstand time t errdelay 。
The specific expression of the maximum power step quantity is as follows:
t is time, t s And the delta P is the power step quantity, and the adjustment time required by the unit frequency deviation smaller than the maximum allowable frequency deviation after the power step.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
taking a full-power pumping and storage unit with a certain 5MW power level as an example, the reduced-order active frequency small-signal model response provided by the patent is obtained, and under different working conditions, the frequency response under the excitation of a certain power step signal is shown in fig. 3.
According to the method for evaluating the maximum power step size of the full-power storage unit, the equivalent load model of the full-power storage unit is set, the corresponding frequency response curve is further calculated, the maximum power step size corresponding to the working condition data set is calculated through the frequency response curve, and the maximum power step size corresponding to each group of data can be calculated.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a method for regulating and controlling the maximum power step quantity of a full-power pumping and storage unit, as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring working condition data of real-time operation of the full-power pumping and storage unit and a power regulation instruction;
matching the working condition data with a maximum power step quantity data set calculated by the evaluation method of the embodiment to obtain maximum power step quantity data corresponding to the working condition data;
and judging whether the step capability of the maximum power step quantity data is within the power regulation capability range or not based on the power regulation instruction, if so, directly performing step processing on the full-power pumping and storing unit, and otherwise, performing step power addition.
The specific method for adding power in stages comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out first adjustment by using the maximum power step capability, delaying for time t, and linearly adding power by using a slope k until the target power is reached.
In actual control, according to the unit power regulation instruction and the current operation condition, inquiring the current allowed maximum power step quantity, comparing the current allowed maximum power step quantity with the power regulation instruction, and directly carrying out power step regulation if the allowed maximum step quantity is larger than the power regulation instruction. Otherwise, the power step control is carried out by the maximum allowed maximum step quantity, and after the standby group runs stably, the power is added by a certain slope until the target power is reached.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
under the condition that no field actual measurement data exists, the deviation allowable value of the actual rotating speed and the optimal rotating speed of the unit in the transient process of rapid power regulation is smaller than +/-80 r/min (the frequency deviation is +/-4 Hz) according to ferrill, the duration is smaller than 5s, and the specific numerical value is determined through field actual measurement analysis. A fast loading process, with the lowest allowed frequency being considered to be no more than 30 Hz.
Based on the evaluation method provided by the patent, under the working conditions of a lowest water head of 130m and an initial load of 4MW, the maximum power step quantity of the obtained unit is 0.54MW, the lowest frequency of the unit is 45.1Hz, the highest frequency of the unit is 53.5Hz, the duration time of the frequency difference exceeding 4Hz is 5s, the proposed constraint condition is met, and power and frequency change curves are shown in figures 4 and 5.
The embodiment discloses, through matching real-time operating mode data with the maximum power step value that calculates, directly adjust full-power pumped storage unit in real time according to the data after the matching, realized full-power pumped storage unit's quick power step regulating ability for full-power pumped storage unit full play quick power's support ability.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for evaluating the maximum power step quantity of the full-power pumped storage unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a working condition data set, wherein the working condition data set is a unit power data set and a water head data set of a full-power pumping and storage unit when the unit is in operation;
constructing a reduced-order active frequency response model of the pumped storage unit, and calculating a frequency response curve of the reduced-order active frequency response model under power step excitation, wherein the reduced-order active frequency response model is an equivalent model under the condition of ignoring the influence of an excitation system and a converter of the full-power pumped storage unit;
and calculating the maximum power step value corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set under the safety constraint condition according to the frequency response curve to obtain a maximum power step value data set.
2. The method for estimating the maximum power step size of a full-power storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation method of the frequency response curve comprises:
constructing a reduced-order active frequency response model, constructing a small signal model according to the reduced-order active frequency response model, and extracting a frequency response curve of the small signal model under load step excitation.
3. The method for estimating the maximum power step size of the full-power storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the maximum power step size comprises the following steps:
calculating a power step quantity corresponding to each group of data in the working condition data set according to the frequency response curve and the working condition data set;
and judging whether the corresponding frequency in the frequency response curve meets a safety constraint condition, and if so, obtaining the maximum power step quantity.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the safety constraint specifically includes:
maximum frequency f in unit power step process max Greater than the frequency limit f corresponding to overspeed protection maxall But of duration t over Less than overspeed protection action delay t overdelay ；
Lowest frequency f in unit power step process min Less than the frequency limit f corresponding to the low frequency protection minall But of duration t low Less than low frequency protection action delay t lowdelay ；
In the unit power step process, the actual frequency f of the unit real With an optimum frequency f opt Absolute value of deviation between | f err | is greater than the allowed absolute value of frequency | f errall L, but duration t err Less than the maximum withstand time t errdelay 。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reduced-order active frequency response model comprises a speed regulator, a hydraulic turbine, a generator, and a constant power load, an output of the speed regulator is connected to an input of the hydraulic turbine, an output of the hydraulic turbine is connected to an input of the generator, an output of the generator outputs an actual power of the full-power storage unit, and the actual power and a reference frequency of the full-power storage unit are input to the speed regulator, and the generator adopts a second-order model, and the load model adopts a constant power load model and is connected to a generator end in parallel.
6. The maximum power step quantity evaluation method of the full-power pumping unit set according to claim 5, wherein the water turbine adopts an equivalent model of the initial operating head and the load influence, and the specific expression is as follows:
s is a laplace operator; the delta Pm is the mechanical power deviation amount output by the water turbine; Δ y is a guide vane opening deviation amount; t is wN Is the water hammer time constant at the rated operating point; g ht (s) is the turbine transfer function; p m0 For the initial steady-state value of the mechanical power output of the turbine, h 0 Is the initial operating head of the turbine.
7. The method for estimating the maximum power step size of a full-power storage unit according to claim 2, wherein the specific expression of the small-signal model is as follows:
x is a state variable of the small signal model, Y is an output variable of the small signal model, and U is an input variable of the small signal model; a is a state matrix of the small signal model, B is an input matrix of the small signal model, C is an output matrix of the small signal model, and D is a transmission matrix of the small signal model.
8. The method for estimating the maximum power step size of the full-power storage unit according to claim 4, wherein the specific expression of the maximum power step size is as follows:
t is time, t s And the delta P is the power step quantity, and the adjustment time required by the unit frequency deviation smaller than the maximum allowable frequency deviation after the power step.
9. The method for regulating and controlling the maximum power step quantity of the full-power pumped storage unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring working condition data of real-time operation of the full-power pumping and storage unit and a power regulation instruction;
matching the working condition data with the maximum power step quantity data set calculated by the evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 to obtain maximum power step quantity data corresponding to the working condition data;
and judging whether the step capacity of the maximum power step quantity data is within the power regulation capacity range or not based on the power regulation instruction, if so, directly performing step power adding on the full-power pumping and storing unit, and otherwise, performing step power adding.
10. A method for regulating and controlling the maximum power step size of a full power storage unit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step-by-step power application comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out first adjustment by using the maximum power step capability, delaying for time t, and then linearly adding power by using a slope k until the target power is reached.
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