CN111725848A - Fan controllable frequency droop control method suitable for various wind power permeabilities - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a controllable frequency droop control method of a fan, which is suitable for various wind power permeabilities, and belongs to the technical field of renewable energy grid connection. The invention temporarily releases the active power loss of the rotational kinetic energy compensation system stored in the fan by adding frequency droop control in the fan rotor side control loop. The droop control coefficient of the invention rises along with the increase of the rotor speed, namely when the rotor speed is high, the rotation kinetic energy is fully released to make up the active power loss of the system, when the rotor speed is low, a proper amount of rotation kinetic energy is released to make up the active power loss of the system, and the problem of fan speed instability and serious secondary frequency drop are not caused; in addition, the droop control coefficient is reduced along with the increase of the wind power permeability, the frequency overshoot phenomenon caused by the high wind power permeability is avoided, the grid-connected capacity of the fan can be improved, the frequency modulation capacity of the system is improved, the guarantee is provided for the high wind power grid connection, the use of an energy storage device for frequency modulation is reduced, and the commercial development of wind power generation is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a controllable frequency droop control method of a fan, which is suitable for various wind power permeabilities, and belongs to the technical field of renewable energy grid connection.
Background
With the increasing wind power grid-connected capacity, due to the reason of a control strategy, the rotating speed of a fan and the system frequency do not have a coupling relation, so that the rotational inertia and the frequency modulation capability of the system are reduced. When active power of the system is unbalanced, frequency deviation is easily caused to exceed a safety range, and even a low-frequency load shedding device is started. Under the condition of the same capacity, the inertia constant of the doubly-fed wind generator is larger than that of the synchronous generator, and the doubly-fed wind generator has a wide rotating speed operation range. Therefore, the doubly-fed wind turbine can be regarded as an effective system frequency modulation means. A droop control strategy based on frequency deviation is added to a converter controller on the rotor side of the fan, and the fan can actively provide system frequency modulation capacity, so that the rigid coupling of the rotating speed of the fan and the system frequency is realized. However, at different wind speeds, there are differences in the effective kinetic energy of the wind turbines; therefore, the existing method is influenced by a constant coefficient, the capacity of the fan for providing frequency support is limited under different wind speeds, and the problem of insufficient frequency modulation capacity or excessive frequency modulation of the system is easily caused. In addition, in a high wind power penetration scene, if the same droop control coefficient is adopted, the frequency modulation of the system is excessive and a serious secondary frequency drop problem is easily caused. Therefore, how to set frequency droop control parameters suitable for various electroosmosis and realize controllable frequency droop control is a problem to be solved urgently in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a controllable frequency droop control method of a fan, which is suitable for various wind power permeabilities. The double-fed wind generating set actively participates in system frequency modulation by effectively releasing the rotational kinetic energy of the fan; the self-defined frequency droop control coefficient is changed along with the change of the rotating speed of the fan and the wind power permeability, the controllable frequency droop control is realized, the problems of fan instability, insufficient system frequency modulation capacity and overshoot are solved, the response time is provided for the synchronous generator set to start primary frequency modulation, and the synchronous generator is assisted to restrain the frequency change.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a controllable frequency droop control method of a fan suitable for various wind power permeabilities comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating the instantaneous frequency of a system power grid according to the voltage of a public coupling point of the wind power plant and the power grid, and judging whether the instantaneous frequency of the power grid exceeds a set dead zone range; if the frequency exceeds the set dead zone range, starting frequency droop control; if the current is in the set dead zone range, continuously working in the maximum power tracking control;
s2: calculating a frequency droop control coefficient R according to the rotor speed and the wind power permeability of the collection fanDFIG(ωr) The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), RDFIG(ωr) Is the frequency droop control coefficient, K is the frequency droop control factor, omegarAnd ωminRespectively setting the rotating speed of a fan rotor and the minimum rotating speed of a fan, wherein n is a wind power permeability factor;
s3: calculating a system frequency deviation delta f according to the instantaneous frequency of the power grid;
s4: according to the system frequency deviation delta f and the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) And calculating the active variable quantity delta P of the frequency droop control, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP＝Δf×RDFIG(ωr) (2)
in the formula (2), Δ P is an active variable amount of frequency droop control;
s5: adding the active variable quantity delta P of the frequency droop control to the rotor side control, and calculating the active power output value P of the fanrefThe calculation formula is as follows:
in formula (3), PMPPTAnd outputting active power for maximum power tracking.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in step S1, after the instantaneous frequency of the power grid is calculated, filtering processing needs to be performed on the instantaneous frequency of the power grid, and whether the instantaneous frequency of the power grid exceeds a set dead zone range is determined according to the processed instantaneous frequency of the power grid; if the frequency exceeds the set dead zone range, starting frequency droop control; and if the fan is in the set dead zone range, the fan continuously works in the maximum power tracking control.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the step S2, the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) Is variable with the rotating speed of the fan, namely, is increased with the rotating speed of the rotor; the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) At the lowest rotor speed 0.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the step S2, the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) Is variable with the aeolian permeability, i.e. decreases with increasing aeolian permeability.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the step S5, calculating an active power output value P of the wind turbinerefIn order to prevent overloading of the fan and to reduce mechanical fatigue, the calculated active power output value PrefIt is limited by the maximum active power limit and the rate of change of active power.
Compared with the prior art, the controllable frequency droop control method of the fan, which is suitable for various wind power permeabilities, has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the frequency droop control is added in the variable flow control loop at the rotor side of the fan, so that the active power loss of the rotational kinetic energy compensation system stored in the fan is released temporarily. The self-defined frequency droop control coefficient of the invention rises along with the increase of the rotor rotating speed, namely, when the rotating speed of the rotor is high, the rotating kinetic energy is fully released to make up the active power loss of the system, and when the rotating speed of the rotor is low, a proper amount of rotating kinetic energy is released to make up the active power loss of the system, thereby not causing the problem of the instability of the rotating speed of the fan and the serious secondary frequency droop; in addition, the frequency droop control coefficient is reduced along with the increase of the wind power permeability, and the frequency overshoot phenomenon is avoided when the wind power permeability is high. The frequency droop control coefficient provided by the invention can improve the grid-connected capability of the fan, improve the frequency modulation capability of the system frequency, provide guarantee for high wind power grid connection, reduce the use of an energy storage device for frequency modulation and promote the commercial development of wind power generation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a frequency droop control parameter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of rotor side additional frequency droop control in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-fed wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(a) is a graph of the frequency deviation of the instantaneous system when the wind power permeability is 20% according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(b) is a graph showing an active power output curve of a fan when the wind power permeability is 20% according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(c) is a graph of the rotational speed of the rotor of the wind turbine with a wind permeability of 20% according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(d) is a graph of a frequency droop control coefficient when wind power permeability is 20% in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a graph of the frequency deviation of the instantaneous system when the wind permeability is 40% according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a graph showing an active power output curve of a fan when the wind power permeability is 40% according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7(c) is a graph of the rotational speed of the rotor of the wind turbine with a wind permeability of 40% according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(d) is a frequency droop control coefficient curve diagram when the wind power permeability is 40% in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings so that those skilled in the art can more deeply understand the present invention and can carry out the present invention, but the present invention will be explained below by referring to examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a controllable frequency droop control method for a fan suitable for multiple wind power permeabilities includes the following steps: s1: calculating the instantaneous frequency of a system power grid according to the voltage of a public coupling point of the wind power plant and the power grid, and judging whether the instantaneous frequency of the power grid exceeds a set dead zone range; if the frequency exceeds the set dead zone range, starting frequency droop control; if the current is in the set dead zone range, continuously working in the maximum power tracking control;
s2: calculating a frequency droop control coefficient R according to the rotor speed and the wind power permeability of the collection fanDFIG(ωr) The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), RDFIG(ωr) Is the frequency droop control coefficient, K is the frequency droop control factor, omegarAnd ωminRespectively setting the rotating speed of a fan rotor and the minimum rotating speed of a fan, wherein n is a wind power permeability factor; the values of K and n determine the size of a frequency droop control coefficient, so that the capacity of the fan for providing frequency modulation is determined; as shown in fig. 2, it is a graph of frequency droop control parameters and fan rotation speed at various values of n according to the present invention;
s3: calculating a system frequency deviation delta f according to the instantaneous frequency of the power grid;
s4: according to the system frequency deviation delta f and the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) And calculating the active variable quantity delta P of the frequency droop control, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP＝Δf×RDFIG(ωr) (2)
in the formula (2), Δ P is an active variable amount of frequency droop control; Δ P means the active power fed into the grid, mainly depending on the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) The size of (d);
s5: adding the active variable quantity delta P of the frequency droop control to the rotor side control, and calculating the active power output value P of the fanrefThe calculation formula is as follows:
in formula (3), PMPPTAnd outputting active power for maximum power tracking.
In step S1, after the instantaneous frequency of the power grid is calculated, filtering the instantaneous frequency of the power grid is required, and whether the instantaneous frequency of the power grid exceeds a set dead zone range is determined according to the processed instantaneous frequency of the power grid; if the frequency exceeds the set dead zone range, starting frequency droop control; and if the fan is in the set dead zone range, the fan continuously works in the maximum power tracking control.
In step S2, the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) Is variable with the rotating speed of the fan, namely, is increased with the rotating speed of the rotor; frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) At the lowest rotor speed 0.
In step S2, the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) Is variable with the aeolian permeability, i.e. decreases with increasing aeolian permeability.
In step S5, an active power output value P of the wind turbine is calculatedrefIn order to prevent overloading of the fan and to reduce mechanical fatigue, the calculated active power output value PrefIt is limited by the maximum active power limit and the rate of change of active power.
With reference to the definition of the inertia constant in the power system, the equivalent inertia constant of the system including the wind turbine can be expressed as:
in the formula (4), HsysIs the equivalent inertia constant of the system, n is the number of traditional synchronous generators in the system, SiFor i synchronous generator capacities, HDFIGIs the equivalent inertia constant of the wind power plant, SDFIGIs the wind farm capacity.
After the active power of the system is unbalanced, the fan can not provide inertia response. Therefore, the equivalent inertia constant of the wind power plant is zero, the numerator in the formula (4) is reduced, but the denominator is unchanged, so that the equivalent inertia constant of the system is reduced; which in turn causes an increase in the frequency offset of the system and even triggers a low frequency load shedding device.
As shown in fig. 3, the droop control loop is additionally controlled on the rotor side of the fan, so that the fan can fully release rotational kinetic energy to provide frequency modulation capability, the problem of fan instability is prevented, secondary frequency drop is avoided, and response time is provided for the conventional synchronous generator set to start primary frequency modulation control; a calculation example system containing high-proportion wind power penetration rate is built on an EMTP-RV simulation platform, simulation is carried out, and the frequency droop control method provided by the fan is compared with the existing frequency control method for analysis.
The frequency droop control parameter provided by the invention has the following characteristics: the first, self-defined frequency droop control coefficient is changed along with the change of the rotating speed of the fan, namely, the frequency droop control coefficient is increased along with the increase of the rotating speed of the rotor; the method aims to start from the aspect of a wind generating set, release proper rotational kinetic energy under the condition of different rotor rotating speeds and realize a controllable short-term frequency control technology; the self-defined frequency droop parameter is 0 at the lowest rotor rotating speed; the double-fed fan instability prevention device aims to prevent the double-fed fan from generating instability, and further avoid serious secondary frequency drop. Secondly, the self-defined frequency droop control coefficient is changed along with the change of the wind and electricity permeability, namely, the frequency droop control coefficient is reduced along with the increase of the wind and electricity permeability; the purpose is to avoid the phenomenon of frequency modulation and overshoot of the fan.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the controllable frequency droop control method suitable for various wind power permeabilities, a calculation example system containing a high-proportion wind power permeability is built on an EMTP-RV simulation platform, as shown in FIG. 4. Table 1 and fig. 5 show the parameters of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator system and the structural representation of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator system, respectively.
Doubly-fed wind generator parameters
TABLE 1
In order to verify the effectiveness of the frequency droop control method provided by the invention, the simulation of the method is carried out under the conditions that the wind speed is constant at 9.0m/s and the wind power permeability is 20% and 40%, and the following three control strategy results are analyzed and compared:
(1) the wind generating set works in a maximum power tracking running state;
(2) the wind generating set adopts the existing frequency droop control method (constant droop coefficient, coefficient is 20);
(3) the wind generating set adopts the control method for controlling the frequency droop provided by the invention;
at 50.0s, the 1 st synchronous generator, which provides 60MW, is suddenly taken off line. Therefore, an active power imbalance occurs in the system, causing the system frequency to decrease; under the condition that the wind power permeability is 20% and 40%, the optimization control method provided by the invention is evaluated through system frequency deviation, active power output of a wind generating set, the rotating speed of a fan rotor and a droop control coefficient, as shown in fig. 6(a) to 6(d) and fig. 7(a) to 7 (d).
Example 1: when the wind power penetration is 20%, when the wind generating set operates in the maximum power tracking operation, the active power output curve and the rotor rotating speed of the double-fed wind generating set are unchanged. Therefore, the doubly-fed wind generator does not have frequency modulation capability. At this time, the valley value of the grid frequency variation curve is-0.554 Hz. When the frequency droop control of the fan adopts a constant coefficient and a constant coefficient, the valley value of the power grid frequency change curve is-0.426 Hz, and the peak value of the active power curve is 67.7 MW. When the frequency droop control coefficient provided by the invention is adopted (the wind permeability factor n in the formula 2 is set to be 3), the valley value of the power grid frequency change curve is-0.330 Hz, and the peak value of the active power curve is 78.9MW, as shown in fig. 6(a) and (b). This is mainly because the present invention proposes a custom controllable frequency droop control coefficient based on the rotational speed of the fan rotor.
Example 2: the wind power penetration is 40%, and when the wind generating set operates in the maximum power tracking operation, the valley value of a power grid frequency change curve is-0.637 Hz; at the moment, the frequency valley value is lower than that of the example 1, and the rotation inertia and the frequency modulation capability of the system are reduced mainly because more wind power in the system replaces a synchronous machine for grid connection. When the frequency droop control of the fan adopts a constant coefficient and a constant coefficient, the valley value of the power grid frequency change curve is-0.359 Hz, and the peak value of the active power curve is 130.9 MW. When the frequency droop control coefficient provided by the invention is adopted (the wind permeability factor n in the formula 2 is set to be 2), the valley value of the power grid frequency change curve is-0.309 Hz, and the peak value of the active power curve is 141.2MW, as shown in fig. 7(a) and (b). This is mainly because the present invention proposes a controllable frequency droop control coefficient based on the wind turbine rotor speed and wind permeability. Compared with the example 1, the wind power grid-connected capacity is increased, and the fan can provide more active power, so that the frequency stability is effectively improved.
Through analysis of the working examples 1 and 2, when the frequency of a power grid is reduced, the self-defined controllable frequency droop control coefficient provided by the invention can enable a fan to effectively release rotational kinetic energy according to the operating condition and the wind power permeability of the fan, a controllable frequency droop control technology is provided, the phenomenon of fan rotating speed instability is prevented while the frequency stability is effectively improved, response time is provided for the synchronous generator set to start primary frequency modulation, the synchronous generator is assisted to restrain frequency variation, the wind power grid connection capacity is improved, and wind energy consumption is promoted.
The self-defined frequency droop control coefficient is related to the running state of the fan, the controllable frequency droop control is realized, and the fan instability phenomenon caused by excessive rotation kinetic energy release is avoided; the frequency droop control coefficient is related to wind power permeability, controllable frequency droop control is achieved, and the problem of frequency overshoot caused by high wind power permeability is solved; calculating an active power output value P for simulating a near-reality scenerefIt is limited by the maximum active power limit and the rate of change of active power.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art should understand that equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A controllable frequency droop control method of a fan suitable for various wind power permeabilities is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: calculating the instantaneous frequency of a system power grid according to the voltage of a public coupling point of the wind power plant and the power grid, and judging whether the instantaneous frequency of the power grid exceeds a set dead zone range; if the frequency exceeds the set dead zone range, starting frequency droop control; if the current is in the set dead zone range, continuously working in the maximum power tracking control;
s2: calculating a frequency droop control coefficient R according to the rotor speed and the wind power permeability of the collection fanDFIG(ωr) The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), RDFIG(ωr) Is the frequency droop control coefficient, K is the frequency droop control factor, omegarAnd ωminRespectively setting the rotating speed of a fan rotor and the minimum rotating speed of a fan, wherein n is a wind power permeability factor;
s3: calculating a system frequency deviation delta f according to the instantaneous frequency of the power grid;
s4: according to the system frequency deviation delta f and the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) And calculating the active variable quantity delta P of the frequency droop control, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP＝Δf×RDFIG(ωr) (2)
in the formula (2), Δ P is an active variable amount of frequency droop control;
s5: adding the active variable quantity delta P of the frequency droop control to the rotor side control, and calculating the active power output value P of the fanrefThe calculation formula is as follows:
in formula (3), PMPPTIs at mostThe power tracking outputs active power.
2. The controllable frequency droop control method of the fan applicable to various wind power permeabilities according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, after the instantaneous frequency of the power grid is calculated, filtering processing needs to be performed on the instantaneous frequency of the power grid, and whether the instantaneous frequency of the power grid exceeds a set dead zone range is judged according to the processed instantaneous frequency of the power grid; if the frequency exceeds the set dead zone range, starting frequency droop control; and if the dead zone range is set, the maximum power tracking control is continuously operated.
3. The method for controlling the controllable frequency droop of the fan applicable to multiple wind power permeabilities according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the frequency droop control coefficient R isDFIG(ωr) Is variable with the rotating speed of the fan, namely, is increased with the rotating speed of the rotor; the frequency droop control coefficient RDFIG(ωr) At the lowest rotor speed 0.
4. The method for controlling the controllable frequency droop of the fan applicable to multiple wind power permeabilities according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the frequency droop control coefficient R isDFIG(ωr) Is variable with the aeolian permeability, i.e. decreases with increasing aeolian permeability.
5. The method for controlling the droop of the controllable frequency of the fan applicable to various wind power permeabilities according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the active power output value P of the fan is calculatedrefIn order to prevent overloading of the fan and to reduce mechanical fatigue, the calculated active power output value PrefIt is limited by the maximum active power limit and the rate of change of active power.
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| CN113270902A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-17 | 南通大学 | Wind power frequency modulation method suitable for multiple system operation conditions |
| CN114123245A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 国网四川省电力公司经济技术研究院 | Inverter controller, inverter grid-connected structure and power grid low-frequency oscillation suppression method |
| CN116845927A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-10-03 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Control method and device for relieving frequency secondary drop of wind power through soft direct grid-connected system |
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| CN113270902A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-17 | 南通大学 | Wind power frequency modulation method suitable for multiple system operation conditions |
| CN113270902B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-11-01 | 南通大学 | Wind power frequency modulation method suitable for multiple system operation conditions |
| CN114123245A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 国网四川省电力公司经济技术研究院 | Inverter controller, inverter grid-connected structure and power grid low-frequency oscillation suppression method |
| CN116845927A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-10-03 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Control method and device for relieving frequency secondary drop of wind power through soft direct grid-connected system |
| CN116845927B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-14 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Control method and device for relieving frequency secondary drop of wind power through soft direct grid-connected system |
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