CN115560000B - Air supporting main shaft assembly and machine tool - Google Patents

Air supporting main shaft assembly and machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115560000B
CN115560000B CN202211419521.1A CN202211419521A CN115560000B CN 115560000 B CN115560000 B CN 115560000B CN 202211419521 A CN202211419521 A CN 202211419521A CN 115560000 B CN115560000 B CN 115560000B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
main shaft
inner ring
ring
annular groove
outer shell
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CN202211419521.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN115560000A (en
Inventor
陈亮
夏康俊
陈银洋
杭艳
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Okada Precision Machinery Changzhou Co ltd
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Okada Precision Machinery Changzhou Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211419521.1A priority Critical patent/CN115560000B/en
Publication of CN115560000A publication Critical patent/CN115560000A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0603Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0408Passive magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0423Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other
    • F16C32/0425Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other for radial load mainly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/002Cooling of bearings of fluid bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/005Cooling of bearings of magnetic bearings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

The invention discloses an air-floating main shaft assembly and a machine tool, which comprise an outer shell and a main shaft, wherein the outer shell is sleeved outside the main shaft, and floating support assemblies are arranged at two ends, corresponding to the main shaft, in the outer shell; the floating support assembly comprises an inner ring arranged on the outer shell and an outer ring arranged on the main shaft, a plurality of first electromagnetic poles are arranged on the inner ring along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, a circle of annular groove matched with the inner ring is formed in one side of the outer ring along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, and the inner ring is clamped in the annular groove; a radial magnetic mutual repulsion force is formed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the inner ring and the annular groove are superposed by combining the gas acting force between the inner ring and the annular groove when the gas outlet hole is ventilated, so that the bearing capacity of the main shaft is further improved; the mutual repulsion force generated by the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole can be changed by changing the magnitude of the current of the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole, so that the bearing range of the spindle is further improved.

Description

Air supporting main shaft assembly and machine tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machine tools, in particular to an air-floating spindle assembly and a machine tool.
Background
An air-floating spindle (also called air spindle) refers to a sliding bearing with gas (usually air, but other gases are also possible) as a lubricant. Air is less viscous than oil, is resistant to high temperatures, is pollution-free, and is therefore used in high-speed machines, instruments, and radioactive devices, but has a lower load capacity than oil.
Compared with a main shaft supported by a ball bearing or a hydraulic bearing, most of air-floating main shafts have the problems of small bearing capacity, insufficient rigidity and the like, the bearing capacity is increased by increasing the size of the air-floating bearing in the related art, so that the whole production and manufacture are relatively inconvenient, and the axial bearing capacity of the main shaft is relatively small because the air-floating bearing generally only provides support in the radial direction, so that the application range of the existing air-floating main shaft is limited.
Therefore, how to solve the defects of the prior art is a subject of the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses an air-floating spindle assembly and a machine tool.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an air floatation main shaft assembly comprises an outer shell and a main shaft, wherein the outer shell is sleeved outside the main shaft, and floating support assemblies are mounted at two ends of the outer shell corresponding to the main shaft;
the floating support assembly comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is arranged on the main shaft along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, a plurality of first electromagnetic poles are arranged on the inner ring along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, a circle of annular groove matched with the inner ring is formed in one side of the outer ring along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, the inner ring is clamped in the annular groove and is in clearance fit with the circumferential direction of the annular groove, a plurality of air outlet holes are formed in the inner side surface of the inner ring along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, the air outlet holes are formed in the bottom surface of the annular groove, an air channel communicated with the air outlet holes is formed in the outer shell, and when the air outlet holes are ventilated, exhaust channels are formed in the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring; and a plurality of second electromagnetic poles are arranged on the inner side surface of the annular groove along the circumferential direction of the annular groove, and the magnetic poles of the second electromagnetic poles are opposite to the magnetic poles of the first electromagnetic poles.
In the above scheme, a bidirectional support cover is further installed at the outer end of the outer shell and comprises two symmetrically arranged half rings, a limiting space for accommodating the spindle is formed between the half rings, and two balls which are used for being in contact fit with the spindle are rotatably installed on the inner sides of the half rings at least.
In the above scheme, the balls between the two half rings are arranged in a staggered manner in the vertical and horizontal directions.
In the above scheme, the outer side of the half ring is respectively provided with a through groove towards each ball, and a graphite rod which is in contact fit with the balls is inserted into each through groove in a sliding manner.
In the above scheme, the outer side of the half ring is screwed with a push rod corresponding to each graphite rod through threads, and the inner end part of the push rod extends into the through groove and is connected with the graphite rod through a spring so as to push the graphite rod to move towards or away from the ball.
In the above scheme, a plurality of first permanent magnets with magnetic poles opposite to those of the second electromagnetic poles are further arranged on the inner ring along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, the plurality of first permanent magnets are uniformly arranged, each first permanent magnet is located between two adjacent first electromagnetic poles, a plurality of second permanent magnets which are in alignment fit with the first permanent magnets are arranged on the outer ring, and the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnets are opposite to those of the second permanent magnets.
In the above scheme, the inner cavity of the outer shell is provided with a motor stator structure, and the main shaft is provided with a motor rotor structure matched with the motor stator structure, so as to form a driving structure for driving the main shaft to rotate.
In the above scheme, exhaust gaps are formed between the two ends of the outer shell and the main shaft, and the exhaust gaps are communicated with the exhaust channel.
In the above scheme, the inner wall surface of the annular groove is a circle of inclined guide slope, and the outer end of the guide slope gradually extends towards the main shaft in an inclined manner.
The present application further provides a machine tool, which may be a grinding machine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the air floatation main shaft assembly mainly comprises an inner ring arranged on an outer shell and an outer ring arranged on a main shaft, wherein a radial magnetic mutual repulsion force is formed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and meanwhile, the inner ring and the outer ring are superposed by combining a gas acting force between the inner ring and an annular groove when an air outlet is ventilated, so that the bearing capacity of the main shaft is further improved; the size of the mutual repulsion force generated by the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole can be changed by changing the size of the electrified current of the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole, the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole are regulated and controlled, and the acting force between the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole is gradually increased, so that the bearing range of the main shaft is further enlarged; in addition, due to the structural design between the inner ring and the outer ring, when the air outlet is ventilated, the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring can form an exhaust channel so as to take away partial heat generated by the first electromagnetic pole and the second electromagnetic pole, the stability of the whole working process is improved, and meanwhile, the exhaust gas of the air outlet can also act on the axial direction of the main shaft, so that the bearing capacity of the main shaft in the axial direction is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an air bearing spindle assembly of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the air spindle assembly of the present application with the outer housing removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the floating support assembly with the outer ring removed;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the floating support assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the position of the support sleeve in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a support sleeve in an embodiment of the present application.
List of reference numerals: 100 outer shell, 200 main shaft, 300 floating support component, 301 inner ring, 302 outer ring, 311 first electromagnetic pole, 312 air outlet hole, 321 annular groove, 322 second electromagnetic pole, 400 support sleeve, 401 semi-ring, 411 ball, 412 graphite rod, 413 push rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative of the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Example (b): referring to fig. 1 to 6, an air-floating spindle assembly includes an outer housing 100 and a spindle 200, wherein the outer housing 100 is sleeved outside the spindle 200, and floating support assemblies 300 are mounted at two ends of the outer housing 100 corresponding to the spindle 200; the main shaft 200 can be driven by a machine tool when working, and the transmission connection structure of the main shaft and the machine tool adopts the existing related structure;
in this embodiment, the floating support assemblies 300 are arranged in a mirror image manner, each floating support assembly 300 includes an inner ring 301 arranged on the outer housing 100 and an outer ring 302 arranged on the main shaft 200, a plurality of first electromagnetic poles 311 are arranged on the inner ring 301 along the circumferential direction thereof, a ring of annular grooves 321 matched with the inner ring 301 are formed on one side of the outer ring 302 along the circumferential direction thereof, the inner ring 301 is clamped in the annular grooves 321 and is in clearance fit with the circumferential direction of the annular grooves 321, and the clearance is usually 5-10 mm;
a plurality of air outlet holes 312 arranged towards the bottom surface of the annular groove 321 are formed in the inner side surface of the inner ring 301 along the circumferential direction of the inner side surface, an air passage communicated with the air outlet holes 312 is formed in the outer shell 100, specifically, an air passage can be formed in the outer shell 100 corresponding to each air outlet hole 312, and each air outlet hole 312 can also be connected in series to supply air through the same air passage;
when the air outlet 312 is ventilated, air exhaust channels are formed on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring 301, that is, air flows pass through the inner ring and the outer ring of the inner ring 301, and the two air exhaust channels can balance air pressure on the two sides and take away part of heat generated by the first electromagnetic pole 311 and the second electromagnetic pole 322, so that the stability of the whole working process is improved; in addition, due to the structural design between the inner ring 301 and the outer ring 302, when the air outlet holes 312 are ventilated, exhaust channels can be formed on the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring 301, and exhaust gas of the air outlet holes 312 acts on the main shaft 200 along the axial direction parallel to the main shaft 200, so that the bearing capacity of the main shaft 200 in the axial direction is further improved;
a plurality of second electromagnetic poles 322 are arranged on the inner side surface of the annular groove 321 along the circumferential direction thereof, and the magnetic pole of each second electromagnetic pole 322 is opposite to the magnetic pole of the first electromagnetic pole 311; the second electromagnetic pole 322 and the electromagnetic pole 311 both use an electromagnet structure, a radial magnetic repulsive force is formed between the inner ring 301 and the outer ring 302 after electrification, and meanwhile, the second electromagnetic pole 322 and the electromagnetic pole 311 are superposed by combining a gas acting force between the inner ring 301 and the annular groove 321 when the gas outlet 312 is ventilated, so that the bearing capacity of the spindle 200 can be improved; the magnitude of the repulsive force generated by the first electromagnetic pole 311 and the second electromagnetic pole 322 can be changed by changing the magnitude of the current passing through the two electrodes, so that the first electromagnetic pole 311 and the second electromagnetic pole 322 are regulated and controlled, and the acting force between the two electrodes is gradually increased, thereby further improving the bearing range of the spindle;
in few cases, for some machined parts with larger weight, in order to improve the bearing capacity of the spindle 200 as much as possible, a bidirectional supporting sleeve 400 may be installed at the outer end of the outer housing 100, where the bidirectional supporting sleeve 400 includes two symmetrically arranged half rings 401, a limiting space for accommodating the spindle 200 is formed between the two half rings 401, one end of the spindle 200 passes through the limiting space, and at least two balls 411 for contacting and matching with the spindle 200 are rotatably installed inside the half rings 401; the balls 411 are in rolling contact with the main shaft 200 to strictly limit the main shaft 200, and the friction between the balls 411 and the main shaft 200 is reduced as much as possible; in addition, the balls 411 between the two half rings 401 are arranged in a staggered manner in the up-down and left-right directions, respectively, so that the main shaft 200 is supported at the four sides of the up-down, left-right, as far as possible, and the support stability of the main shaft 200 is improved.
In order to further reduce the rolling friction force between the balls 411 and the main shaft 200, a through groove is respectively formed on the outer side of the half ring 401 facing each ball 411, a graphite rod 412 for contacting and matching with the ball 411 is slidably inserted into each through groove, and when the ball 41 is in rotational contact with the graphite rod 412, graphite powder can be contaminated to play a role in lubrication.
An ejector rod 413 is screwed into the outer side of the half ring 401 corresponding to each graphite rod 412 through threads, the inner end portion of the ejector rod 413 extends into the through groove and is connected with the graphite rod 412 through a spring, so that the graphite rod 412 is pushed to move towards or away from the ball 411, the graphite rod 412 can move towards the ball 411 to be in contact fit with the ball 411 through screwing the ejector rod 413, and graphite powder is coated on the surface of the ball 411 when the ball 411 rotates, so that lubricant is increased.
Besides, a plurality of first permanent magnets with opposite magnetic poles to those of the second electromagnetic pole 322 are further arranged on the inner ring 301 along the circumferential direction thereof, the plurality of first permanent magnets are uniformly arranged, each first permanent magnet is located between two adjacent first electromagnetic poles 311, a plurality of second permanent magnets (not shown in the figure) which are aligned with the first permanent magnets are arranged on the outer ring 302, and the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnets are opposite to those of the second permanent magnets; in a static state, an interaction force is formed between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet, so that the inner ring 301 and the outer ring 302 are prevented from being contacted, and the resistance when the motor is started again is increased.
A motor stator structure is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer shell 100, and a motor rotor structure matched with the motor stator structure is arranged on the main shaft 200, so that a driving structure for driving the main shaft 200 to rotate is formed; by integrating the driving mechanism inside between the outer case 100 and the main shaft 200, the rear end driving mechanism is further reduced, and the integration level is improved.
In order to facilitate the gas to be rapidly discharged out of the outer housing 100 and reduce the temperature in the outer housing 100, exhaust gaps are formed between both ends of the outer housing 100 and the main shaft 200, and the exhaust gaps are communicated with the exhaust passage.
The inner wall surface of the annular groove 321 is a circle of inclined guide slope, the outer end of the guide slope gradually extends towards the spindle 200 in an inclined manner, and in the exhaust process, the guide slope can guide the exhausted gas to the spindle 200 and further take away part of heat generated on the spindle 200.
The application also provides a machine tool, the air-floating main shaft assembly can be a grinding machine tool.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An air bearing spindle assembly characterized by: the floating support device comprises an outer shell (100) and a main shaft (200), wherein the outer shell (100) is sleeved outside the main shaft (200), and floating support components (300) are arranged at two ends, corresponding to the main shaft (200), in the outer shell (100);
the floating support assembly (300) comprises an inner ring (301) arranged on an outer shell (100) and an outer ring (302) arranged on the main shaft (200), a plurality of first electromagnetic poles (311) are arranged on the inner ring (301) along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, a ring-shaped annular groove (321) matched with the inner ring (301) is formed in one side of the outer ring (302) along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, the inner ring (301) is clamped in the annular groove (321) and is in clearance fit with the circumferential direction of the annular groove (321), a plurality of air outlet holes (312) arranged towards the bottom surface of the annular groove (321) are formed in the inner side surface of the inner ring (301) along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, air passages communicated with the air outlet holes (312) are formed in the outer shell (100), and when the air outlet holes (312) are ventilated, air exhaust passages are formed in the upper side and the lower side of the inner ring (301); a plurality of second electromagnetic poles (322) are arranged on the inner side surface of the annular groove (321) along the circumferential direction of the annular groove, and the magnetic pole of each second electromagnetic pole (322) is opposite to the magnetic pole of the first electromagnetic pole (311);
a plurality of first permanent magnets opposite to the magnetic pole of the second electromagnetic pole (322) are further arranged on the inner ring (301) along the circumferential direction of the inner ring, the first permanent magnets are uniformly arranged, each first permanent magnet is located between two adjacent first electromagnetic poles (311), a plurality of second permanent magnets in counterpoint fit with the first permanent magnets are arranged on the outer ring (302), and the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnets are opposite to those of the second permanent magnets.
2. The air bearing spindle assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer end of the outer shell (100) is further provided with a bidirectional support sleeve (400), the bidirectional support sleeve (400) comprises two symmetrically arranged half rings (401), a limiting space for accommodating the main shaft (200) is formed between the two half rings (401), and at least two balls (411) which are in contact fit with the main shaft (200) are rotatably arranged on the inner sides of the half rings (401).
3. The air bearing spindle assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the balls (411) between the two half rings (401) are arranged in a staggered way in the vertical and horizontal directions.
4. An air spindle assembly as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the outer side of the semi-ring (401) is provided with a through groove towards each ball (411), and a graphite rod (412) which is in contact fit with the balls (411) is inserted into each through groove in a sliding mode.
5. The air bearing spindle assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein: an ejector rod (413) is screwed into the outer side of the half ring (401) corresponding to each graphite rod (412) through threads, the inner end portion of the ejector rod (413) extends into the through groove and is connected with the graphite rods (412) through a spring, and therefore the graphite rods (412) are pushed to move towards or away from the balls (411).
6. The air bearing spindle assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner cavity of the outer shell (100) is provided with a motor stator structure, and the main shaft (200) is provided with a motor rotor structure matched with the motor stator structure, so that a driving structure for driving the main shaft (200) to rotate is formed.
7. The air bearing spindle assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and exhaust gaps are formed between the two ends of the outer shell (100) and the main shaft (200), and the exhaust gaps are communicated with the exhaust channel.
8. The air bearing spindle assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner wall surface of the annular groove (321) is a circle of inclined guide slope, and the outer end of the guide slope gradually extends towards the main shaft (200) in an inclined mode.
9. A machine tool, characterized by: comprising the air spindle assembly of any one of claims 1-3.
CN202211419521.1A 2022-11-14 2022-11-14 Air supporting main shaft assembly and machine tool Active CN115560000B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211419521.1A CN115560000B (en) 2022-11-14 2022-11-14 Air supporting main shaft assembly and machine tool

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211419521.1A CN115560000B (en) 2022-11-14 2022-11-14 Air supporting main shaft assembly and machine tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115560000A CN115560000A (en) 2023-01-03
CN115560000B true CN115560000B (en) 2023-03-17

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05272536A (en) * 1992-03-27 1993-10-19 Toshiba Corp Bearing device
JP3696398B2 (en) * 1997-04-28 2005-09-14 Ntn株式会社 Hydrostatic magnetic compound bearing and spindle device
CN107191488A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-09-22 燕山大学 A kind of magnetic liquid dual suspension passive bearing journal bearing
CN208123260U (en) * 2018-01-12 2018-11-20 至玥腾风科技投资集团有限公司 A kind of transverse bearing and rotor-support-foundation system
CN110894854B (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-06-04 北京工业大学 Integrated permanent magnetism suspension's heavy load air supporting main shaft

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