CN115558859A - High-hardness alloy for high-temperature extrusion die, forging and production method of forging - Google Patents

High-hardness alloy for high-temperature extrusion die, forging and production method of forging Download PDF

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CN115558859A
CN115558859A CN202211234018.9A CN202211234018A CN115558859A CN 115558859 A CN115558859 A CN 115558859A CN 202211234018 A CN202211234018 A CN 202211234018A CN 115558859 A CN115558859 A CN 115558859A
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forging
hardness
temperature
alloy
extrusion die
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毛福祥
周理想
贺凯歌
束文武
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Jiangsu Toland Alloy Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-hardness alloy for a high-temperature extrusion die, a forging and a production method of the forging; the production method comprises the following steps: proportioning, vacuum induction smelting, electrode casting, electrode surface treatment, electroslag remelting, steel ingot and homogenizing annealing; then forging and cogging the steel ingot, polishing, forging a finished product and carrying out nondestructive inspection; the grain size of the produced alloy forging is finer than 5 grade by carrying out diffusion annealing treatment on the electroslag steel ingot and controlling the heating temperature and the finish forging deformation amount during subsequent forging processing; meanwhile, the room temperature hardness HRC of the forged piece is more than or equal to 45, and the performance is stable. According to the high-hardness alloy forging for the high-temperature extrusion die, the W, nb element is added on the basis of the Inconel718 alloy, so that the content of Mo solid solution element is increased, and the hardness of the material at high temperature is stabilized. Meanwhile, the contents of Al and Ti are increased, al and Ti are used as strengthening elements, and the hardness of the base body of the forging can be further improved after heat treatment.

Description

High-hardness alloy for high-temperature extrusion die, forging and production method of forging
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wrought superalloy, in particular to a high-hardness alloy for a high-temperature extrusion die, a forging and a production method of the forging.
Background
The Inconel718 alloy forging for the high-temperature extrusion die is widely applied to the copper and copper alloy extruded tube blank industry at present. However, with the increase of the heating temperature of copper alloy steel ingots of different types, the service life of the Inconel718 alloy forging cannot meet the use requirement of actual working conditions.
How to develop a new alloy to replace the Inconel718 alloy is a problem in the field. Particularly, in the actual production, how to effectively control the component uniformity of the alloy forging, reduce the segregation degree of the alloy and further improve the hot working plasticity and hardness of the alloy is a technical difficulty which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a high-hardness alloy for a high-temperature extrusion die, a forging, and a method for producing a forging, the alloy having a sufficiently high hardness while achieving workability of the forging. The grain size of the alloy forging obtained through trial production is smaller than 5 grade, and the room temperature hardness HRC of the forging is more than or equal to 45.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the high-hardness alloy for the high-temperature extrusion die comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.08 percent; si: less than or equal to 0.8 percent; mn: less than or equal to 1.0 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.010 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.5 percent; fe: and (4) remaining; b: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; zr: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; al:1.6 to 2.0 percent; ti:1.8 to 2.5 percent; w:4.0 to 5.0 percent; mo:4.0 to 5.0 percent; nb:4.0 to 5.0 percent; cr:17.0 to 19.0 percent; ni:45.0 to 47.0 percent.
The grain size of the forged piece for the high-temperature extrusion die made of the high-hardness alloy is finer than 5 grades, and the room-temperature hardness HRC of the forged piece is more than or equal to 45.
A production method of the high-hardness alloy forging for the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:
batching → vacuum induction melting → pouring electrode → electrode surface treatment → electroslag remelting → steel ingot homogenizing annealing. Then forging and cogging, polishing, forging a finished product and carrying out nondestructive inspection: wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and (3) homogenizing annealing: after electroslag is finished, homogenizing annealing is carried out, component segregation is reduced, the structure is more uniform, and forging plasticity of the material is improved. The diffusion annealing temperature is 1160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 24 hours, then the temperature is raised to 1190 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 36 hours.
Forging and cogging: after the homogenization annealing is finished, forging and cogging are carried out, and the cogging specification is 100 square.
The grinding: and the defects on the surface of the square billet are polished to be clean and have no defects such as cracks and the like.
And (3) forging a finished product: grinding clean square billets, re-melting and heating at 1100-1120 ℃, and forging finished products according to production requirements.
The heat treatment comprises the following steps: after the forging of the finished product forge piece is finished, carrying out solid solution aging treatment to reduce residual stress, and fully dissolving the strengthening elements into the matrix to obtain a supersaturated solid solution. And then carrying out aging treatment, and further improving the hardness of the forging through precipitation of a strengthening phase.
The nondestructive inspection comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the forged piece, and carrying out acceptance level according to the A level in GB/T4162.
In the process of smelting the high-hardness alloy for the hot extrusion die to prepare the steel ingot, the raw materials of chromium metal, electrolytic nickel, pure aluminum, sponge titanium, tungsten metal, molybdenum metal, niobium metal, pure iron and the like are firstly adopted for smelting, so that the impurity elements in the steel are reduced.
Further: after electroslag smelting is finished, the steel ingot is subjected to high-temperature long-time homogenization annealing, and the component segregation of the material is reduced. Meanwhile, the distribution and the size of primary carbonitride are more uniform and fine by long-time diffusion annealing, and the forging plasticity is improved.
Further: the heating temperature is controlled to be 1160-1190 ℃ when the steel ingot is forged and cogging is carried out, and overburning of the steel ingot caused by overhigh temperature is avoided. The forging and cogging specification is 100 x 100 square.
Furthermore, when the finished product is forged, the heating temperature is controlled to be 1100-1120 ℃, and a finer grain structure can be obtained at a low forging heating temperature, so that the mechanical property of the forge piece is improved.
Further, after the completion of the forging of the finished product, solution treatment is performed to reduce the residual stress of the material, so that the strengthening elements are sufficiently dissolved in the matrix to obtain a supersaturated solid solution. And then carrying out aging treatment, and further improving the hardness of the forging through precipitation of a strengthening phase.
According to the production process flow of the high-hardness alloy forging for the hot extrusion die, the grain size of the produced alloy forging is finer than 5 grade by performing diffusion annealing treatment on an electroslag steel ingot and controlling the heating temperature and the finish forging deformation amount during subsequent forging processing; meanwhile, the room temperature hardness HRC of the forged piece is more than or equal to 45, and the performance is stable. According to the high-hardness alloy forging for the high-temperature extrusion die, the W, nb element is added on the basis of the Inconel718 alloy, so that the content of Mo solid solution element is increased, and the hardness of the material at high temperature is stabilized. Meanwhile, the contents of Al and Ti are increased, al and Ti are used as strengthening elements, and the hardness of the base body of the forging can be further improved after heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the forging cross-section macrostructure in the example.
Detailed Description
In this example, 3 batches of high-hardness alloy forgings for hot extrusion die were trial-produced, and were subjected to compounding → vacuum induction melting → pouring electrode → electrode surface treatment → electroslag melting → steel ingot → homogenization annealing → forging cogging → coping → forged finished product → heat treatment → machining → nondestructive inspection, respectively.
And carrying out homogenizing annealing on the steel ingot obtained by smelting to obtain the steel ingot with uniform components and better plasticity.
And forging the smelted example steel ingot to obtain a forging blank with the specification of 100 x 100mm.
And (3) polishing the forging blank, heating the blank to forge a finished product, controlling the heating temperature to be 1100-1120 ℃, controlling the final fire total deformation to be 50-70%, and forming the blank by using one fire to obtain the forging with the required specification, wherein the figure is 1. The forging section structure is uniform and consistent and has no segregation. And carrying out solution heat treatment on the obtained forged piece at 940-1100 ℃ for 1-4 h, and carrying out air cooling or faster cooling. Then carrying out aging treatment, and keeping the temperature at 720-800 ℃ for 6-12 h; cooling the furnace to 620-700 ℃ for 2 hours, preserving the heat for 6-12 hours, and cooling in air.
The forging after heat treatment is sampled, and the grain size detection and the room temperature tensile property detection are respectively carried out, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of grain size and hardness measurements for 3 forging batches
Figure BDA0003882895420000041
Sampling and chemical component analysis are carried out on 3 batches of forgings, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
Figure BDA0003882895420000042
Figure BDA0003882895420000051
as can be seen from the detection results of the 3 batches of alloy forgings in the tables 1 and 2, the raw materials are selected, after vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting is carried out, and the electroslag ingot is subjected to diffusion annealing treatment and control of heating temperature and deformation amount during subsequent forging, so that the produced high-hardness forging for the extrusion die is uniform in chemical composition and small in volatility. The grain size of each forging is finer than 5 grade; meanwhile, the room temperature hardness HRC of the forged piece is more than or equal to 45, the performance is more stable, and the hardness value is superior to that of inconel718 (Table 3).
TABLE 3Inconel718 forging hardness and grain size test results
Figure BDA0003882895420000052
TABLE 4 high-temperature strength test results of the forged piece and inconel718 forged piece of the embodiment
Figure BDA0003882895420000053
Figure BDA0003882895420000061
Compared with the high-temperature tensile data at 650 ℃, the strength of the forging piece disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is higher than that of an Inconel718 forging piece, the extension and section of the forging piece are slightly lower than that of the Inconel718 forging piece, and the extension and section of the forging piece correspond to the hardness.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And such obvious variations or modifications which fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The high-hardness alloy for the high-temperature extrusion die is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
C：≤0.08％；
Si：≤0.8％；
Mn：≤1.0％；
P：≤0.015％；
S：≤0.010％；
Cu：≤0.5％；
fe: and (4) remaining;
B：≤0.01％；
Zr：≤0.015％；
Al：1.6～2.0％；
Ti：1.8～2.5％；
W：4.0～5.0％；
Mo：4.0～5.0％；
Nb：4.0～5.0％；
Cr：17.0～19.0％；
Ni：45.0～47.0％。
2. a high-hardness alloy forging for a high-temperature extrusion die is characterized by being made of the high-hardness alloy of claim 1, the grain size of the forging is finer than 5 grade, and the room-temperature hardness HRC is larger than or equal to 45.
3. A method for producing a high-hardness alloy forging for a hot extrusion die as set forth in claim 2, comprising:
batching → vacuum induction melting → pouring electrode → electrode surface treatment → electroslag remelting → steel ingot → homogenizing annealing;
then forging and cogging the steel ingot, polishing, forging a finished product and carrying out nondestructive inspection; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and (3) homogenizing annealing: the diffusion annealing temperature is 1160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 24 hours, then the temperature is raised to 1190 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 36 hours;
forging and cogging: after the homogenization annealing is finished, forging and cogging are carried out, and the cogging specification is 100 square.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the coping: grinding the defects on the surface of the square billet to be clean without cracks;
and (3) forging a finished product: grinding clean square billets, re-melting and heating at 1100-1120 ℃, and forging finished products according to production requirements;
the heat treatment comprises the following steps: after the forging of the finished product forge piece is finished, carrying out solid solution aging treatment to reduce residual stress and fully dissolving strengthening elements into a matrix to obtain a supersaturated solid solution; then carrying out aging treatment, and further improving the hardness of the forge piece through precipitation of a strengthening phase;
the nondestructive inspection comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the forged piece, wherein the acceptance grade is carried out according to grade A in GB/T4162.
CN202211234018.9A 2022-10-10 2022-10-10 High-hardness alloy for high-temperature extrusion die, forging and production method of forging Pending CN115558859A (en)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60110856A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-06-17 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Production of precipitation hardening nickel-base alloy
JPS61147838A (en) * 1984-12-20 1986-07-05 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Austenitic steel having high corrosion resistance and satisfactory strength at high temperature
US5131961A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-07-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method for producing a nickel-base superalloy
JPH0892700A (en) * 1994-09-21 1996-04-09 Toyohashi Gijutsu Kagaku Univ Gamma' and gamma" phase precipitation hardening high nickel steel
US20030164213A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-04 Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha Ni-base alloy, heat-resistant spring made of the alloy, and process for producing the spring
CN101372730A (en) * 2007-08-22 2009-02-25 中国科学院金属研究所 Gamma''strengthened high performance casting nickel-based high-temperature alloy
US20130160466A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Nickel Based Forged Alloy, Gas Turbine Member Using Said Alloy and Gas Turbine Using Said Member
CN106566951A (en) * 2015-10-10 2017-04-19 丹阳市华龙特钢有限公司 High-strength wear-resistant forging and production method thereof
CN108796309A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-11-13 宝钢特钢有限公司 A kind of engine valve nickel-base alloy and its manufacturing method
CN113646458A (en) * 2019-03-18 2021-11-12 Vdm金属国际有限公司 Nickel alloy with good corrosion resistance and high tensile strength and method for producing semi-finished product

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60110856A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-06-17 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Production of precipitation hardening nickel-base alloy
JPS61147838A (en) * 1984-12-20 1986-07-05 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Austenitic steel having high corrosion resistance and satisfactory strength at high temperature
US5131961A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-07-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method for producing a nickel-base superalloy
JPH0892700A (en) * 1994-09-21 1996-04-09 Toyohashi Gijutsu Kagaku Univ Gamma' and gamma" phase precipitation hardening high nickel steel
US20030164213A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-04 Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha Ni-base alloy, heat-resistant spring made of the alloy, and process for producing the spring
CN101372730A (en) * 2007-08-22 2009-02-25 中国科学院金属研究所 Gamma''strengthened high performance casting nickel-based high-temperature alloy
US20130160466A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Nickel Based Forged Alloy, Gas Turbine Member Using Said Alloy and Gas Turbine Using Said Member
CN106566951A (en) * 2015-10-10 2017-04-19 丹阳市华龙特钢有限公司 High-strength wear-resistant forging and production method thereof
CN108796309A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-11-13 宝钢特钢有限公司 A kind of engine valve nickel-base alloy and its manufacturing method
CN113646458A (en) * 2019-03-18 2021-11-12 Vdm金属国际有限公司 Nickel alloy with good corrosion resistance and high tensile strength and method for producing semi-finished product

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Application publication date: 20230103