CN114645162A - Manufacturing method of fine-grain homogeneous disc forging of high-temperature alloy difficult to deform - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of fine-grain homogeneous disc forging of high-temperature alloy difficult to deform Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010275 isothermal forging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010019345 Heat stroke Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101000912561 Bos taurus Fibrinogen gamma-B chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy materials and disc forging preparation, and relates to a manufacturing method of a fine-grained homogeneous disc forging of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform. The invention adopts a triple smelting method of vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting and vacuum consumable remelting, and realizes the stable control of chemical components, the reduction of the content of impurity elements and the reduction of ingot segregation by controlling smelting process parameters; the segregation of elements in the ingot is further reduced and the gamma + gamma' eutectic phase is eliminated through the high-temperature homogenizing annealing treatment of the ingot; through the cogging process of repeated upsetting-drawing and drawing-out, the forged bar with fine and uniform tissue is obtained; the structure uniformity of the forged piece is further improved through the disc forged piece forming process of one-time forging cake and one-time die forging; the average grain size of the disc forging prepared by the invention is ASTM8 grade or finer, the structure has no gamma' phase segregation, no elongated crystal grains, no abnormal coarse grains and mixed grains, the room temperature tensile strength of the forging exceeds 1580MPa, and the high temperature tensile strength at 650 ℃ exceeds 1380 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy materials and disc forging preparation, and relates to a manufacturing method of a fine-grained homogeneous disc forging of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform.
Background
The hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy generally refers to a type of deformation high-temperature alloy with high mass fraction of strengthening phases, and has the typical characteristics of high alloying degree, high quantity of strengthening phases, large deformation tensile resistance, poor thermal process plasticity and narrow thermal processing range. GH4720Li is a typical Ni-Co-Cr based refractory alloy, and the room temperature strength of the alloy is about 1580MPa, and the high temperature strength at 650 ℃ is about 1380 MPa. The alloy is added with high content of aging precipitation strengthening elements Al and Ti to form gamma' -Ni with content of more than 40 percent3The (Al, Ti) strengthening phase is one of practical alloys with the highest performance level in the wrought superalloy by means of solid solution strengthening of Mo, W and the like and grain boundary strengthening of B, Zr and the like, and can be widely applied to key rotating parts such as advanced aeroengine turbine discs and the like at home and abroadThe method is widely applied.
Due to the fact that the alloying degree of GH4720Li is very high, especially Al and Ti elements, a large amount of harmful gamma + gamma 'eutectic phases exist in cast ingots in the alloy, a subsequent manufacturing process is unreasonable and is often inherited into bar and disc forgings, the gamma' eutectic phase is deviated, large grains and coarse grains are elongated, high-temperature long-time performance of materials and forgings is seriously affected, in addition, due to the thermal process plasticity deviation of the alloy, the yield of the materials is low, and the manufacturing cost of the materials is further improved. The wide application of the foreign U720Li alloy disc is benefited by advanced material and forging manufacturing technology, and the triple smelting process of vacuum induction smelting, protective atmosphere electroslag remelting and vacuum consumable remelting, the repeated upsetting-drawing cogging process and the isothermal die forging process are indispensable key technologies in the alloy disc forging production, but the key technologies are not disclosed.
The GH4720Li alloy is developed at the beginning of the 21 st century in China, and by adopting the ingot casting manufacturing process of double smelting of vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable smelting, the rod manufacturing process of composite sheath rolling process cogging, single elongation and the like, the technology of multi-fire near isothermal free forging disc forging forming and the like, the obtained rod and disc forging with the grain size of ASTM5 grade and the diameter specification of about 100mm are applied, but the problems of gamma' phase segregation, grain elongation and the like in the forging often occur, and the quality stability of the batch forging is low; at present, triple smelting processes of vacuum induction smelting, protective atmosphere electroslag smelting and vacuum consumable smelting, upsetting and drawing, stretching and cogging processes and isothermal die forging processes are explored domestically. The invention provides a manufacturing method of a fine-grain homogeneous GH4720Li alloy disc forging, which is characterized in that a high-purity and low-segregation cast ingot of GH4720Li alloy is manufactured by adopting a triple smelting process, high-temperature homogenizing annealing and other methods; then, a repeated upsetting-pulling and drawing-out process is adopted to manufacture the fine-grain homogeneous bar, so that the structure and the performance of the bar meet the control requirement of the forge piece, and a foundation is laid for the batch stability control of the forge piece; and (3) forming the disc forging by using the one-fire forging cake and the one-fire isothermal die forging, and finally manufacturing the fine-grained homogeneous disc forging with the grain size smaller than ASTM8 grade.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the manufacturing method of the fine-grain homogeneous disc forging of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform is provided, on one hand, the problems of the segregation of gamma' phase, the elongation of crystal grains, the mixed crystal of coarse grains and the like existing in the disc forging are solved, and the effective control of the uniformity and fine grains of the disc forging is realized; on the other hand, the forging process of the disc forging is shortened by improving the quality of the bar, and the batch stability of the disc forging is improved, so that the application requirements of the GH47 4720Li alloy on key rotating parts such as aeroengine turbine discs and the like are met.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the refractory alloy is GH4720Li alloy, and the mass percentages of the elements are as follows: cr: 15.5% -16.5%; co: 14.0% -15.5%; mo: 2.75% -3.25%; w: 1.00% -1.50%; ti: 4.75% -5.25%; al: 2.25% -2.75%; c: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; b: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; zr: 0.025 percent to 0.050 percent; the balance of Ni, inevitable impurities and trace elements.
A manufacturing method of a fine-grained homogeneous disc forging of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform comprises the following steps:
step (1): the materials are mixed according to the element proportion, then the materials are smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, and the solution is cast into an alloy electrode. (ii) a The full melting temperature in the melting process is controlled within the range of 1450-1550 ℃; controlling the refining temperature of the molten steel within the range of 1440 ℃ to 1480 ℃;
step (2): carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting on the alloy electrode obtained in the step (1) to obtain an electroslag ingot;
and (3): carrying out vacuum consumable remelting on the electroslag ingot obtained in the step (2) to obtain a consumable ingot; controlling the vacuum consumable remelting melting speed within the range of 2.4-3.6 Kg/min;
and (4): carrying out high-temperature diffusion homogenization annealing treatment on the consumable ingot obtained in the step (3) within the range of 1140-1200 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for not less than 50h to obtain a homogenization annealing ingot;
and (5): and (4) carrying out multiple fire successive cooling, upsetting and forging on the homogenized and annealed ingot obtained in the step (4) at 1070-1170 ℃ by using a quick forging machine to obtain the fine-grained homogeneous bar with the grain size reaching ASTM8 grade or finer. (ii) a
And (6): and (4) blanking the bar obtained in the step (5) according to the specification and weight required by the disc forging, and finishing isothermal upsetting cakes at 1050-1120 ℃ to obtain an intermediate blank. (ii) a
And (7): and (4) roughly processing the cake blank obtained in the step (6) according to the requirements of the disc forging to obtain an intermediate blank, and completing die forging at the temperature of 1050-1120 ℃ to obtain a die forging. (ii) a
And (8): and (4) carrying out solid solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment on the die forging obtained in the step (7).
In the step (5), the forging fire number is not less than 6, the forging heating temperature is gradually reduced, and the total forging ratio from the ingot to the bar is not less than 8.
The gradual reduction of the forging heating temperature means that the remelting heating temperature of the cast ingot is gradually reduced along with the increase of the forging heating number.
In the step (5), the heating temperature of the last heating time of forging is 1100-1140 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-3.0 h, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 1000 ℃, and the forging ratio is not less than 1.5.
And (3) in the step (6), the deformation of the upsetting cake is not less than 30%, the heating temperature of the upsetting cake by using a flat die is not higher than the heating temperature of the material section, and the temperature difference between the upsetting cake and the material section is controlled within 50 ℃.
The deformation of the die forging in the step (7) is not less than 20 percent, the heating temperature of the isothermal forging die is not higher than the heating temperature of the intermediate blank, the temperature difference between the isothermal forging die and the heating temperature of the intermediate blank is controlled within 50 ℃,
the solution treatment in the step (8) is as follows: keeping the temperature at a selected temperature within the range of 1080-1110 ℃ to +/-10 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling the mixture with oil; the first stage aging treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 650 +/-10 ℃ for 24h, and cooling in air; the second stage aging is as follows: keeping the temperature for 16h at 760 +/-10 ℃, and cooling in air. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the manufacturing method of the fine-grain homogeneous disc forging of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform, the smelting process of the ingot adopts a triple smelting process of vacuum induction smelting, protective atmosphere electroslag remelting and vacuum consumable remelting, and stable control of chemical components, reduction of the content of impurity elements and reduction of ingot segregation can be realized by controlling the parameters of the smelting process; the segregation of elements in the ingot is further reduced and the gamma + gamma' eutectic phase is eliminated through the high-temperature homogenizing annealing treatment of the ingot; through the cogging process of repeated upsetting-pulling and stretching, the forged bar with fine and uniform tissue is obtained, and a foundation is laid for the effective control of the structure of the disc forging; through the disc forging forming process of one-time hot heading cake and one-time hot die forging, the structure uniformity of the forging is further improved, and meanwhile, the batch quality stability of the forging can be ensured.
The manufacturing method of the fine-grain homogeneous disc forging of the hard-deformation high-temperature alloy can obtain the disc forging with uniform and fine structure, the average grain size is ASTM8 grade or thinner, no gamma' phase segregation, no elongated crystal grains, no abnormal coarse grains and mixed crystals exist in the structure, the room-temperature tensile strength of the forging exceeds 1580MPa, and the 650 ℃ high-temperature tensile strength exceeds 1380 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an integral GH4720Li alloy disk shaft piece of example 1
FIG. 2 shows the grain structure of the integral disk shaft piece made of GH4720Li alloy of example 1
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a die forging of GH4720Li in example 2
FIG. 4 shows the grain structure of the die forging of the alloy GH4720Li in the embodiment 2
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can better understand the advantages and features of the present invention.
The refractory alloy is GH4720Li alloy, and the mass percentages of the elements are as follows: cr: 15.5% -16.5%; co: 14.0% -15.5%; mo: 2.75% -3.25%; w: 1.00% -1.50%; ti: 4.75% -5.25%; al: 2.25% -2.75%; c: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; b: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; zr: 0.025 percent to 0.050 percent; the balance of Ni, inevitable impurities and trace elements.
The manufacturing method for preparing the fine-grained homogeneous disc forging of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform comprises the following steps of:
step (1): the materials are mixed according to the element proportion, then the materials are smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, and the solution is cast into an alloy electrode. The full melting temperature in the melting process is controlled within the range of 1450-1550 ℃; controlling the refining temperature of the molten steel within the range of 1440 ℃ to 1480 ℃;
step (2): carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting on the alloy electrode obtained in the step (1) to obtain an electroslag ingot;
and (3): carrying out vacuum consumable remelting on the electroslag ingot obtained in the step (2) to obtain a consumable ingot; controlling the vacuum consumable remelting melting speed within the range of 2.4-3.6 Kg/min;
and (4): carrying out high-temperature diffusion homogenization annealing treatment on the consumable ingot obtained in the step (3) within the range of 1140-1200 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for not less than 50h to obtain a homogenization annealing ingot;
and (5): carrying out multiple-fire successive cooling, upsetting and forging on the homogenized and annealed ingot obtained in the step (4) at 1070-1170 ℃ by using a quick forging machine, wherein the forging fire is not less than 6 times, and the total forging ratio from the ingot to a bar is not less than 8; the heating temperature of the last heating time of forging is 1100-1140 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-3.0 h, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 1000 ℃, and the forging ratio is not less than 1.5. Obtaining fine-grained homogeneous rods with grain size of ASTM8 grade or finer.
And (6): blanking the bar obtained in the step (5) according to the specification and weight required by the disc forging to obtain a material section, carrying out isothermal upsetting on the material section on an isothermal forging press, controlling the heating temperature of the material section to be 1050-1120 ℃, controlling the deformation of the upsetting cake to be not less than 30%, controlling the heating temperature of the upsetting cake to be not higher than the heating temperature of the material section by using a flat die, controlling the temperature difference with the material section to be 50 ℃, and air-cooling a cake blank obtained after the upsetting cake is finished to room temperature.
And (7): and (4) roughly processing the cake blank obtained in the step (6) according to the requirements of the disc forging to obtain an intermediate blank, wherein the roughly processed amount ensures that the deformation of each part exceeds 20% in the die forging process, and meanwhile, the size of the forged piece after die forging meets the requirements of the disc forging. And carrying out isothermal die forging on the intermediate blank on an isothermal die forging press, controlling the heating temperature of the intermediate blank to be 1050-1120 ℃, controlling the heating temperature of an isothermal die forging mould to be not higher than the heating temperature of the intermediate blank and controlling the temperature difference between the isothermal die forging mould and the heating temperature of the intermediate blank to be within 50 ℃, and air-cooling the die forging piece obtained after die forging to room temperature.
And (8): and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the die forging obtained in the step (7), wherein the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment, and the solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at a selected temperature within the range of 1080-1110 ℃ to +/-10 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling the mixture with oil; the first stage aging treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 650 +/-10 ℃ for 24h, and cooling in air; the second stage aging is as follows: keeping the temperature for 16h at 760 +/-10 ℃, and cooling in air.
The disk forging obtained by the steps has uniform and fine structure, the average grain size is ASTM8 grade or finer, the structure has no gamma' phase segregation, no elongated crystal grains, no abnormal coarse grains and mixed grains, the room temperature tensile strength of the forging exceeds 1580MPa, and the high temperature tensile strength at 650 ℃ exceeds 1380 MPa.
Example 1
The refractory high-temperature alloy of the embodiment is GH4720Li alloy, and comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: cr: 16.24 percent; co: 15.32 percent; mo: 3.10 percent; w: 1.34 percent; ti: 4.95 percent; al: 2.54 percent; c: 0.012%; b: 0.015%; zr: 0.035%; ni: 56.44 percent.
The manufacturing method of the fine-grained homogeneous disc forging of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform prepared by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step (1): the materials are mixed according to the element proportion, then the materials are smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, and the solution is cast into an alloy electrode. The full melting temperature in the melting process is 1480 ℃; the refining temperature of the molten steel is 1450 ℃; pouring molten steel into electrodes with phi 360mm specification;
step (2): carrying out electroslag remelting on the alloy electrode obtained in the step (1) in a protective atmosphere to obtain an electroslag ingot with the diameter of phi 420 mm;
and (3): carrying out vacuum consumable remelting on the electroslag ingot obtained in the step (2) to obtain a consumable ingot with a phi 508mm specification; the vacuum consumable remelting melting speed is 2.8 Kg/min;
and (4): carrying out high-temperature diffusion homogenization annealing treatment on the consumable ingot obtained in the step (3) at 1190 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for 80h to obtain a homogenization annealing ingot;
and (5): forging and cogging the homogenized and annealed ingot obtained in the step (4) by using a fast forging machine, wherein the forging fire number is 7, the selected temperature of each fire number is 1170 ℃, 1160 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1140 ℃, 1130 ℃, 1120 ℃ and 1110 ℃, the heating and heat preservation time of each fire number is 3h, and the total forging ratio is 9; the final forging temperature of the last fire of the forging is 1020 ℃, and the forging ratio is 1.8. A 180mm diameter rod with an average grain size of ASTM9 grade was obtained.
And (6): blanking the bar obtained in the step (5) by using a sawing machine to obtain a material section with the specification of phi 180mm multiplied by 250mm, carrying out isothermal upsetting on the material section on an isothermal forging press, wherein the heating temperature of the material section is 1120 ℃, the deformation of the upsetting cake is 40%, the heating temperature of the upsetting cake is 1120 ℃ by using a flat die, a cake blank obtained after the upsetting is finished is slightly bellied, the size is about phi 230mm multiplied by 150mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the upsetting.
And (7): and (5) rough machining is carried out on the cake blank obtained in the step (6) to obtain an intermediate blank, isothermal die forging is carried out on the intermediate blank on an isothermal die forging press, the heating temperature of the intermediate blank is 1110 ℃, the heating temperature of an isothermal die forging is 1110 ℃, a die forging piece obtained after die forging is carried out is cooled in air to room temperature, and the schematic sectional view is shown in fig. 1.
And (8): and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the die forging obtained in the step (7), wherein the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment, and the solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 1110 +/-10 ℃ for 4h, and cooling the oil; the first stage aging treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 650 +/-10 ℃ for 24 hours, and cooling in air; the second stage aging is as follows: keeping the temperature for 16h at 760 +/-10 ℃, and cooling in air.
In the embodiment, the forging has a uniform structure, and the average grain size is ASTM9 grade, as shown in FIG. 2. The mechanical properties of the forgings are shown in tables 1 and 2
TABLE 1 tensile Properties of GH4720Li alloy disk forgings in example 1
TABLE 2 creep rupture Performance of GH4720Li alloy disk forgings in example 1
Example 2
The refractory high-temperature alloy of the embodiment is GH4720Li alloy, and comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: cr: 16.26 percent; co: 15.13 percent; mo: 3.04 percent; w: 1.41 percent; ti: 4.96 percent; al: 2.6 percent; c: 0.012%; b: 0.016%; zr: 0.039%; ni: 56.5 percent.
The manufacturing method for preparing the fine-grained homogeneous disc forging of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform comprises the following steps:
step (1): proportioning the components according to the element proportion, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting the solution into an alloy electrode. The total melting temperature in the melting process is 1470 ℃; the refining temperature of the molten steel is 1460 ℃; pouring molten steel into electrodes with phi 360mm specification;
step (2): carrying out electroslag remelting on the alloy electrode obtained in the step (1) in a protective atmosphere to obtain an electroslag ingot with the diameter of phi 420 mm;
and (3): carrying out vacuum consumable remelting on the electroslag ingot obtained in the step (2) to obtain a consumable ingot with a phi 508mm specification; the vacuum consumable remelting melting speed is 2.6 Kg/min;
and (4): carrying out high-temperature diffusion homogenization annealing treatment on the consumable ingot obtained in the step (3) at 1180 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for 90 hours to obtain a homogenization annealing ingot;
and (5): forging and cogging the homogenized and annealed ingot obtained in the step (4) by using a fast forging machine, wherein the forging fire number is 7, the selected temperature of each fire number is 1170 ℃, 1160 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1140 ℃, 1130 ℃, 1120 ℃ and 1110 ℃, the heating and heat preservation time of each fire number is 3h, and the total forging ratio is 9; the final forging temperature of the last fire forging is 1020 ℃, and the forging ratio is 1.8. A 250mm diameter rod with an average grain size of ASTM9 grade was obtained.
And (6): blanking the bar obtained in the step (5) by using a sawing machine to obtain a material section with the specification of phi 250mm multiplied by 400mm, carrying out isothermal upsetting on the material section on an isothermal forging press, wherein the heating temperature of the material section is 1120 ℃, the deformation of the upsetting cake is 40%, the heating temperature of the upsetting cake is 1120 ℃ by using a flat die, a cake blank obtained after the upsetting is finished is slightly bellied, the size is about phi 323mm multiplied by 240mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the upsetting.
And (7): and (3) roughly processing the cake blank obtained in the step (6) to obtain an intermediate blank, carrying out isothermal die forging on the intermediate blank on an isothermal die forging press, wherein the heating temperature of the intermediate blank is 1110 ℃, the heating temperature of an isothermal die forging is 1110 ℃, and the die forging piece obtained after die forging is air-cooled to room temperature, wherein the schematic section view is shown in fig. 3.
And (8): and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the die forging obtained in the step (7), wherein the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment, and the solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 1110 +/-10 ℃ for 4h, and cooling the oil; the first stage aging treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 650 +/-10 ℃ for 24h, and cooling in air; the second stage aging is as follows: keeping the temperature for 16h at 760 +/-10 ℃, and cooling in air.
In this example, the forging has a uniform texture, with an average grain size of ASTM9 grade, as shown in FIG. 4. The mechanical properties of the forgings are shown in tables 3 and 4
TABLE 3 tensile Properties of GH4720Li alloy disk forgings in example 2
TABLE 4 creep rupture Performance of GH4720Li alloy disk forgings in example 2
Claims (8)
1. The high-temperature alloy difficult to deform is GH4720Li alloy, and the mass percentages of the elements are as follows: cr: 15.5% -16.5%; co: 14.0% -15.5%; mo: 2.75 to 3.25 percent; w: 1.00% -1.50%; ti: 4.75% -5.25%; al: 2.25% -2.75%; c: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; b: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; zr: 0.025 percent to 0.050 percent; the balance of Ni, inevitable impurities and trace elements.
2. A method of making a fine-grained homogeneous disk forging of a hard-to-deform superalloy as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step (1): proportioning the components according to the element proportion, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting the solution into an alloy electrode; the full melting temperature in the melting process is controlled within the range of 1450-1550 ℃; controlling the refining temperature of the molten steel within the range of 1440 ℃ to 1480 ℃;
step (2): carrying out protective atmosphere electroslag remelting on the alloy electrode obtained in the step (1) to obtain an electroslag ingot;
and (3): carrying out vacuum consumable remelting on the electroslag ingot obtained in the step (2) to obtain a consumable ingot; controlling the vacuum consumable remelting melting speed within the range of 2.4-3.6 Kg/min;
and (4): carrying out high-temperature diffusion homogenization annealing treatment on the consumable ingot obtained in the step (3) within the range of 1140-1200 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for not less than 50h to obtain a homogenization annealing ingot;
and (5): carrying out multiple fire successive cooling, upsetting and forging on the homogenized and annealed ingot obtained in the step (4) at 1070-1170 ℃ by a quick forging machine to obtain a fine-grained homogeneous bar with the grain size reaching ASTM8 grade or finer;
and (6): blanking the bar obtained in the step (5) according to the specification and weight required by the disc forging, and finishing isothermal upsetting cakes at 1050-1120 ℃ to obtain an intermediate blank;
and (7): roughly processing the cake blank obtained in the step (6) according to the requirements of a disc forging to obtain an intermediate blank, and finishing die forging within the temperature range of 1050-1120 ℃ to obtain a die forging;
and (8): and (4) carrying out solid solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment on the die forging obtained in the step (7).
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the number of heats of forging in step (5) is not less than 6 and the heating temperature of forging is reduced from one heat to another, the total forging ratio from ingot to bar being not less than 8.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the reduction of the forging heat temperature by one heat stroke is a gradual reduction of the ingot reheating temperature as the number of heats of forging increases.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the final heat of forging in step (5) is 1100 ℃ to 1140 ℃, the holding time is 0.5h to 3.0h, the finish forging temperature is not less than 1000 ℃, and the forging ratio is not less than 1.5.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein in step (6) the upset-cake strain is not less than 30%, the upset-cake flat die heating temperature is not greater than the billet heating temperature, and the temperature difference from the billet is controlled to be within 50 ℃.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the amount of deformation in the step (7) is not less than 20%, the heating temperature of the isothermal forging die is not higher than the heating temperature of the intermediate billet, and the difference between the heating temperature of the isothermal forging die and the heating temperature of the intermediate billet is controlled within 50 ℃.
8. A method of making a fine grained homogeneous disc forging of a hard-to-deform superalloy as in claim 2 wherein the solution treatment in step (8) is: keeping the temperature at +/-10 ℃ within the range of 1080-1110 ℃ for 4 hours, and then cooling the mixture with oil; the first stage aging treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 650 +/-10 ℃ for 24h, and cooling in air; the second stage aging is as follows: and (5) keeping the temperature for 16h at 760 +/-10 ℃, and cooling in air.
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