CN115549054B - Vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and vehicle - Google Patents

Vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115549054B
CN115549054B CN202211496056.1A CN202211496056A CN115549054B CN 115549054 B CN115549054 B CN 115549054B CN 202211496056 A CN202211496056 A CN 202211496056A CN 115549054 B CN115549054 B CN 115549054B
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resistor
output end
vehicle
capacitor
input end
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CN115549054A (en
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王文锋
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Jiangsu Chente Power Co ltd
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Jiangsu Chente Power Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/027—Details with automatic disconnection after a predetermined time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/047—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using a temperature responsive switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides unusual protection circuit of on-vehicle voltage and vehicle, wherein, unusual protection circuit of on-vehicle voltage includes: the device comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a voltage acquisition circuit, a first switch, a second switch and a bleeder resistor; the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the working voltage of the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter and inputting the working voltage to the MCU; the MCU is used for determining whether the working voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage value or not, and if the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value, recording overvoltage time when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value and controlling the first switch to be closed so as to switch on the bleeder resistor; the MCU is also used for determining whether the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time or not, and if the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time, the second switch is controlled to be switched off so as to protect the load. This application is through setting up voltage acquisition circuit and bleeder resistor for the inverter output voltage still can be for the load power supply under the condition of short-term overvoltage.

Description

Vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and vehicle
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of voltage abnormity detection, in particular to a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and a vehicle.
Background
In a voltage abnormality detection circuit in the prior art, a load is protected by setting an overvoltage value and an undervoltage value, and power supply to the load is cut off when overvoltage or undervoltage of voltage is detected, so that the load is protected. In the running process of the vehicle, an engine of the vehicle rotates to drive a generator to generate electricity, the generator is connected with an inverter, and the inverter converts the voltage generated by the generator into the working voltage of the vehicle load, so that the vehicle load works.
When the rotation speed of the generator of the vehicle changes, for example, the vehicle accelerates or decelerates, the output voltage of the vehicle-mounted inverter also changes accordingly. If a driver suddenly brakes during acceleration or deceleration running, the output voltage of the vehicle-mounted inverter suddenly changes, and at the moment, the conventional voltage abnormality detection circuit is adopted to cut off power supply to the vehicle load, so that the working continuity and safety of the vehicle load are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present application is to provide at least a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit and a vehicle, where the application obtains a working voltage output by a vehicle-mounted inverter through a voltage acquisition circuit, and a MCU determines that the working voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage value, so as to turn on a bleeder resistor to protect a load, thereby solving a technical problem in the prior art that when the output voltage of the vehicle-mounted inverter is overvoltage, the vehicle-mounted inverter is immediately controlled to stop supplying power to the load, and achieving a technical effect of improving the working continuity and safety of a vehicle load.
The application mainly comprises the following aspects:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an abnormal vehicle voltage protection circuit, where the abnormal vehicle voltage protection circuit includes: the device comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a voltage acquisition circuit, a first switch, a second switch and a bleeder resistor; the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the first input end of the MCU, the first output end of the MCU is connected with the input end of the first switch, the output end of the first switch is connected with the bleeder resistor, the first switch is used for controlling whether the bleeder resistor is switched on or not, the second output end of the MCU is connected with the second switch, and the second switch is used for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter supplies power to the load or not; the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the working voltage of the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter and inputting the working voltage to the MCU; the MCU is used for determining whether the working voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage value or not, and if the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value, recording overvoltage time when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value and controlling the first switch to be closed so as to switch on the bleeder resistor and discharge the voltage when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value; and the MCU is also used for determining whether the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time or not, and controlling the second switch to be switched off to protect the load if the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time.
Optionally, the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: the third switch is used for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected with the vehicle-mounted generator or not, and a third output end of the MCU is connected with the third switch; the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the radiator and sending the temperature to the MCU; the MCU is also used for determining whether the temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value or not, and if the temperature is greater than the preset temperature threshold value, the third switch is controlled to be disconnected so that the vehicle-mounted inverter is disconnected with the vehicle-mounted generator; and the MCU is also used for determining whether the working voltage is smaller than a preset undervoltage value or not, and controlling the second switch to be switched off if the working voltage is smaller than the preset undervoltage value.
Optionally, the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: a power supply circuit; the input end of the power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter, the first output end of the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply end of the voltage acquisition circuit, the power supply end of the MCU is connected with the second output end of the power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit is used for supplying power to the MCU.
Optionally, the voltage acquisition circuit comprises: the circuit comprises a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a first light-emitting diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a first sliding resistor and a second sliding resistor; the input end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter, the output end of the first resistor is respectively connected with the input ends of the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor and the first capacitor, the output end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the input end of the fifth resistor and the negative input end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the fifth resistor is respectively connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier, the output end of the sixth resistor and the input end of the seventh resistor; the positive input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the first output end of the first sliding resistor and the input end of the second capacitor respectively, and the input end of the first sliding resistor is connected with the first output end of the power supply circuit; the output end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with the positive input end of the second operational amplifier and the input end of the eighth resistor; the negative input end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the first output end of the second sliding resistor and the input end of the fourth capacitor respectively, and the input end of the second sliding resistor is connected with the first output end of the power supply circuit; the output end of the eighth resistor is connected with the input end of the third capacitor and the input end of the ninth resistor respectively, and the output ends of the ninth resistor and the seventh resistor are connected with the first input end of the MCU.
Optionally, the voltage acquisition circuit comprises: a tenth resistor and a first light emitting diode; the input end of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the output end of the eighth resistor, the input end of the ninth resistor and the input end of the third capacitor respectively, and the output end of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the input end of the tenth resistor; the second output end of the first sliding resistor, the second output end of the second sliding resistor, the output end of the first capacitor, the output end of the second capacitor, the output end of the third capacitor, the output end of the fourth capacitor, the output end of the second resistor and the output end of the tenth resistor are grounded.
Optionally, the power supply circuit comprises: an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, a first electrolytic capacitor, a first bidirectional diode, a first power chip and a second power chip; the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected with the input end of the eleventh resistor, the output end of the eleventh resistor is connected with the input end of the twelfth resistor, and the output end of the twelfth resistor is respectively connected with the input end of the thirteenth resistor, the input end of the fifth capacitor and the input end of the first power supply chip; the output end of the first power supply chip is used as a second output end of the power supply circuit, the output end of the first power supply chip is connected with a power supply end of the MCU, an input end of the sixth capacitor, an input end of the first electrolytic capacitor, an input end of the first bidirectional diode and an input end of the fourteenth resistor respectively, the output end of the fourteenth resistor is connected with the seventh capacitor, a reference end of the second power supply chip and a cathode respectively, and the output end of the fourteenth resistor is used as the first output end of the power supply circuit; the output ends of the thirteenth resistor, the fifth capacitor, the sixth capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor, the first bidirectional diode and the seventh capacitor are grounded, and the second output end and the anode of the second power supply chip are grounded.
Optionally, the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit includes: a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a seventeenth resistor, a second light emitting diode, a second bidirectional diode, a ninth capacitor and a diode; a first output end of the MCU is connected with an input end of a fifteenth resistor, an output end of the fifteenth resistor is respectively connected with a seventeenth resistor, an input end of a second bidirectional diode and a first end of a first switch, and a second end of the first switch is respectively connected with a bleeder resistor and an output end of a diode; and the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected with the input ends of the bleeder resistor, the diode and the ninth capacitor respectively.
Optionally, the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: a second light emitting diode and a sixteenth resistor; the first output end of the MCU is connected with the input end of the second light-emitting diode, the output end of the second light-emitting diode is connected with the input end of the sixteenth resistor, and the output ends of the sixteenth resistor, the second bidirectional diode, the seventeenth resistor, the ninth capacitor and the third end of the first switch are grounded.
Optionally, the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: an eighth capacitor and a second electrolytic capacitor; and a power supply end of the MCU is respectively connected with an input end of the eighth capacitor and an input end of the second electrolytic capacitor, and an output end of the eighth capacitor and an output end of the second electrolytic capacitor are grounded.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, where the vehicle includes the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
The embodiment of the application provides a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and vehicle, wherein, vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit includes: the device comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a voltage acquisition circuit, a first switch, a second switch and a bleeder resistor; the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the first input end of the MCU, the first output end of the MCU is connected with the input end of the first switch, the output end of the first switch is connected with the bleeder resistor, the first switch is used for controlling whether the bleeder resistor is switched on or not, the second output end of the MCU is connected with the second switch, and the second switch is used for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter supplies power to the load or not; the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the working voltage of the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter and inputting the working voltage to the MCU; the MCU is used for determining whether the working voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage value or not, and if the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value, recording overvoltage time when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value and controlling the first switch to be closed so as to switch on the bleeder resistor and discharge the voltage when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value; and the MCU is also used for determining whether the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time or not, and controlling the second switch to be switched off to protect the load if the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time. According to the technical scheme, the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is acquired through the voltage acquisition circuit, the MCU determines that the working voltage is larger than a preset overvoltage value, so that the bleeder resistor is switched on to protect the load, the technical problem that the vehicle-mounted inverter is immediately controlled to stop supplying power to the load when the output voltage of the vehicle-mounted inverter is overvoltage in the prior art is solved, and the technical effects of improving the working continuity and safety of the vehicle load are achieved.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 shows one of schematic diagrams of a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a second schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the drawings in the present application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Additionally, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
In addition, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the prior art, a driver can suddenly brake in the acceleration or deceleration process of a vehicle, so that the output voltage of a vehicle-mounted inverter suddenly changes, and the conventional voltage abnormality detection circuit can directly cut off the power supply to a vehicle load, so that the driving feeling of the driver is influenced.
Based on this, this application embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and vehicle, the operating voltage who obtains vehicle-mounted inverter output through voltage acquisition circuit, MCU confirms that operating voltage is greater than and predetermines the excessive pressure value and makes the bleeder resistance switch on in order to protect the load, has solved among the prior art when vehicle-mounted inverter output voltage is excessive pressure, control vehicle-mounted inverter immediately and stop the technical problem to the load power supply, has reached the technological effect of optimizing user's use and feeling. The method comprises the following specific steps:
referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: the device comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a voltage acquisition circuit, a first switch, a second switch and a bleeder resistor.
The output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the first input end of the MCU, the first output end of the MCU is connected with the input end of the first switch, the output end of the first switch is connected with the bleeder resistor, the first switch is used for controlling whether the bleeder resistor is switched on or not, the second output end of the MCU is connected with the second switch, and the second switch is used for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter supplies power to the load or not.
The input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter, and the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the working voltage of the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter and inputting the working voltage to the MCU.
The MCU is used for determining whether the working voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage value or not, and if the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value, recording overvoltage time when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value and controlling the first switch to be closed so as to switch on the bleeder resistor and discharge the voltage when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value; and the MCU is also used for determining whether the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time or not, and controlling the second switch to be switched off to protect the load if the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time. And the MCU is also used for determining whether the working voltage is smaller than a preset undervoltage value or not, and controlling the second switch to be switched off if the working voltage is smaller than the preset undervoltage value.
The predetermined overvoltage value is typically set to 720 volts, the predetermined undervoltage value is typically set to 560 volts, and the predetermined overvoltage time is typically set to 3 seconds. That is to say, if the MCU determines that the working voltage output from the output terminal of the vehicle-mounted inverter is greater than 720 v, the first switch is controlled to be closed to connect the bleeder resistor to consume the excess working voltage, so as to protect the circuit; when the first switch is closed, the MCU records whether the overvoltage time of the working voltage larger than 720V is larger than 3 seconds, if the overvoltage time of the working voltage larger than 720V is larger than 3 seconds, the MCU controls the second switch to be disconnected so as to disconnect a power-on circuit between the vehicle-mounted inverter and the load, and therefore the load does not obtain the power supply of the vehicle-mounted inverter any more so as to protect the load. And if the MCU determines that the working voltage output by the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is less than 560V, the second switch is controlled to be switched off.
After the MCU controls the second switch to be switched off, whether the working voltage output by the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is smaller than or equal to a preset overvoltage value and larger than or equal to a preset undervoltage value is continuously determined through the voltage acquisition circuit, and when the working voltage output by the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is smaller than or equal to the preset overvoltage value and larger than or equal to the preset undervoltage value, the MCU controls the second switch to be switched on so that the vehicle-mounted inverter supplies power to the load.
The load can be equipment requiring power supply of a vehicle-mounted inverter, such as a central control display screen, a sound box, an air conditioner and the like in the vehicle.
The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: the third switch is used for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected with the vehicle-mounted generator or not, and a third output end of the MCU is connected with the third switch; and the MCU is used for acquiring the temperature detected by the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is installed on the radiator, the radiator is installed on the bleeder resistor, and the temperature sensor is connected with the second input end of the MCU. The temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the radiator and sending the temperature to the MCU; and the MCU is also used for determining whether the temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value or not, and if the temperature is greater than the preset temperature threshold value, controlling the third switch to be disconnected so as to disconnect the vehicle-mounted inverter from the vehicle-mounted generator.
The preset temperature threshold is 190 degrees celsius. That is, if the MCU determines that the temperature of the radiator mounted on the bleed-off resistor is greater than 190 degrees celsius, the third switch is controlled to be turned off so that the vehicle-mounted generator cannot supply power to the vehicle-mounted inverter, thereby protecting the vehicle-mounted inverter.
The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: a power supply circuit; the input end of the power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter, the first output end of the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply end of the voltage acquisition circuit, the power supply end of the MCU is connected with the second output end of the power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit is used for supplying power to the MCU.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, the voltage acquisition circuit includes: the light-emitting diode comprises a first operational amplifier OP1, a second operational amplifier OP2, a first light-emitting diode VD1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a first sliding resistor P1 and a second sliding resistor P2.
The input end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter PI, the output end of the first resistor is respectively connected with the input ends of the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor and the first capacitor, the output end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the input end of the fifth resistor and the negative input end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the fifth resistor is respectively connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier, the output end of the sixth resistor and the input end of the seventh resistor; the positive input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the first output end of the first sliding resistor and the input end of the second capacitor respectively, and the input end of the first sliding resistor is connected with the first output end V of the power supply circuit. And the input end of the sixth resistor is connected with the second output end of the power supply circuit.
The output end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with the positive input end of the second operational amplifier and the input end of the eighth resistor; the negative input end of the second operational amplifier is respectively connected with the first output end of the second sliding resistor and the input end of the fourth capacitor, and the input end of the second sliding resistor is connected with the first output end V of the power supply circuit; the output end of the eighth resistor is connected with the input end of the third capacitor and the input end of the ninth resistor respectively, and the output ends of the ninth resistor and the seventh resistor are connected with a first input end 1B (P1.2I/O pin) of the MCU (U1).
The resistance of the first resistor R1 is 2 mega ohm, and the first resistor may also be composed of two resistors of 1 mega ohm. The resistance value of the second resistor R2 is set to be 3.7 kilo-ohms; the resistances of the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10 are all 1 kiloohm; the resistance values of the fifth resistor R5 and the eighth resistor R8 are both 330 kilo-ohm; the resistance values of the first sliding resistor P1 and the second sliding resistor P2 are both 10 kilo-ohms; the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 are all capacitors of 1 microfarad (mu F) and play a role in filtering.
The positive power supply ends of the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier are both connected with the second output end 12V of the power supply circuit, and the positive power supply ends of the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier are both grounded. The first operational amplifier is used for comparing whether the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is smaller than a preset undervoltage value or not, and can be understood that the voltage of the positive input end of the first operational amplifier is set as the preset undervoltage value, and when the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is smaller than the preset undervoltage value, the output end of the first operational amplifier outputs a low level. The second operational amplifier is used for comparing whether the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is larger than a preset overvoltage value or not, and can be understood that the voltage of the negative input end of the second operational amplifier is set as the preset overvoltage value, and when the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is larger than the preset overvoltage value, the output end of the second operational amplifier outputs a high level. The MCU determines whether the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is larger than a preset overvoltage value or smaller than a preset undervoltage value or not by identifying the high level signal or the low level signal received by the first input end 1B.
The voltage acquisition circuit further includes: a tenth resistor R10 and a first light emitting diode VD1; the input end of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the output end of the eighth resistor, the input end of the ninth resistor and the input end of the third capacitor respectively, and the output end of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the input end of the tenth resistor. That is, when the second operational amplifier outputs a high level, the first light emitting diode is turned on to emit light, so as to prompt that the working voltage output by the vehicle-mounted inverter is greater than the preset overvoltage value at the moment.
The second output end of the first sliding resistor, the second output end of the second sliding resistor, the output end of the first capacitor, the output end of the second capacitor, the output end of the third capacitor, the output end of the fourth capacitor, the output end of the second resistor and the output end of the tenth resistor are grounded.
As shown in fig. 4, the power supply circuit includes: an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a first electrolytic capacitor EC1, a first bidirectional diode Z1, a first power supply chip U2 and a second power supply chip U3.
The output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter PI is connected with the input end of the eleventh resistor, the output end of the eleventh resistor is connected with the input end of the twelfth resistor, the output end of the twelfth resistor is respectively connected with the input end of the thirteenth resistor, the input end of the fifth capacitor and the input end 2A (+ Vin pin) of the first power supply chip, the output end 2E (+ Vo pin) of the first power supply chip is respectively connected with the input ends of the sixth capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor, the first bidirectional diode and the fourteenth resistor, the output end of the fourteenth resistor is respectively connected with the seventh capacitor, the reference end 3A (REF pin) of the second power supply chip and the CATHODE 3B (CATHODE pin), and the output end of the fourteenth resistor is used as the first output end V of the power supply circuit. The output ends of the thirteenth resistor, the fifth capacitor, the sixth capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor, the first bidirectional diode and the seventh capacitor are grounded, and the pin 2B (-Vin pin) and the pin 2D (-Vo pin) of the first power chip and the ANODE (ANODE) of the second power chip are grounded. The 2C pin (DC pin) of the first power chip is floating.
For example, the microcontroller MCU may select model No. SC92F7320; the first power supply chip is a DC-DC isolation wide voltage input power supply; the third power supply chip is an adjustable basic voltage source with three ends. The voltage output by the output end of the first power supply chip is 12 volts, namely the voltage output by the second output end of the power supply circuit is 12 volts.
The resistance value of the eleventh resistor is 100 ohms and is used for protecting the circuit; the twelfth resistor is a thermistor with the normal temperature of 25 ohms, and effectively inhibits surge current generated at the moment of power-on; the thirteenth resistor is a voltage dependent resistor, and the voltage dependent voltage is 1400V; the resistance value of the fourteenth resistor is 510 ohms; a fifth capacitance of 0.01 microfarad, a sixth capacitance of 0.1 microfarad, and a seventh capacitance of 1 microfarad; the first electrolytic capacitor is 220 microfarads for energy storage.
The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit includes: a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, a second light emitting diode VD2, a second bidirectional diode Z2, a ninth capacitor C9, a bleeder resistor R18, a first switch NMOS1, and a diode D1. The first switch is an N-channel depletion type MOS tube.
A first output end 1G (P2.0I/O pin) of the MCU is connected with an input end of a fifteenth resistor, an output end of the fifteenth resistor is respectively connected with a seventeenth resistor, an input end of a second bidirectional diode and a first end (grid) of a first switch, and a second end (drain) of the first switch is respectively connected with a bleeder resistor and an output end of a diode; and the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected with the input ends of the bleeder resistor, the diode and the ninth capacitor respectively. The sixteenth resistor, the second bidirectional diode, the seventeenth resistor, the output end of the ninth capacitor and the third end (source) of the first switch are grounded.
The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: a second light emitting diode and a sixteenth resistor; MCU's first output 1G is connected with second emitting diode's input, and second emitting diode's output is connected with the input of sixteenth resistance to make MCU's first output high level, make second emitting diode switch on and control first switch closure, make the drain electrode and the source electrode of first switch on, thereby make bleeder resistor R18 switch on, and then the second emitting diode is luminous means bleeder resistor work.
The resistance of the fifteenth resistor is 10 kilo-ohms, the resistance of the sixteenth resistor is 1 kilo-ohms, the resistance of the seventeenth resistor is 2 kilo-ohms, and the ninth capacitor is 1 microfarad. The resistance value of the bleeder resistor can be set by self according to the situation.
A second output end 1F (P2.1I/O pin) of the MCU is connected to a base of the first triode Q1, an emitter of the first triode Q1 is grounded, a collector of the first triode Q1 is connected to the second switch J1, Q1 is an NPN type triode, and J1 is a switch for connecting a load and the vehicle-mounted inverter. And if the MCU determines that the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time, the second output end 1F outputs a high level to enable Q1 to be in an amplification state, and the emitter forward biases the collector reversely, so that the second switch J1 is switched off, and the load and the inverter are switched off to protect the load.
A second input end 1C (P1.3I/O pin) of the MCU is connected to the temperature sensor J2, and is configured to obtain a temperature of a radiator mounted on the bleeder resistor, and when it is determined that the temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, control the third switch J3 to be turned off, where the third switch is a switch for connecting the vehicle-mounted inverter and the vehicle-mounted generator. A third output end 1D (P2.7I/O pin) of the MCU is connected with a base electrode of a second triode Q2, a third switch J3 is connected with a collector electrode of the second triode Q2, and an emitting electrode of the second triode Q3 is grounded. When the MCU determines that the temperature is higher than the preset temperature threshold value, the third output end outputs high level, so that Q2 is in an amplification state, the emitter positively biases the collector reversely, and the third switch J3 is disconnected, so that the vehicle-mounted inverter is disconnected with the vehicle-mounted generator, and the vehicle-mounted inverter is protected.
The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: an eighth capacitance C8 and a second electrolytic capacitance EC2; and a power supply end 1H (VDD pin) of the MCU is respectively connected with the input end of the eighth capacitor and the input end of the second electrolytic capacitor, and the output end of the eighth capacitor and the output end of the second electrolytic capacitor are grounded. The eighth capacitance is 1 microfarad and the second electrolytic capacitance is 47 microfarad. The ground terminal 1A of the MCU is grounded, and the pin 1E (pin P2.6I/O) is suspended.
The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit is welded on a PCB (printed Circuit Board), and the PCB is arranged on the heat dissipation plate through 4 sets of nylon screws and a single-pass hexagonal nylon column. The PCB circuit board has a length of 156.6 mm, a width of 55.6 mm, and a height of 1.6 mm. The size of the heat dissipation plate is customized to be 200 millimeters in length, 56 millimeters in width, 10 millimeters in height, and the overall size that PCB circuit board installed behind the heat dissipation plate is: a length of 200 mm, a width of 56 mm and a height of 45.3 mm.
The embodiment of the application also provides a vehicle, and the vehicle comprises the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit in any one of the possible implementation modes.
In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. An on-vehicle voltage abnormality protection circuit, characterized in that the on-vehicle voltage abnormality protection circuit includes: the device comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a voltage acquisition circuit, a first switch, a second switch and a bleeder resistor;
the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the first input end of the MCU, the first output end of the MCU is connected with the input end of the first switch, the output end of the first switch is connected with the bleeder resistor, the first switch is used for controlling whether the bleeder resistor is switched on or not, the second output end of the MCU is connected with the second switch, and the second switch is used for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter supplies power to a load or not;
the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the working voltage of the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter and inputting the working voltage to the MCU;
the MCU is used for determining whether the working voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage value or not, and if the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value, recording overvoltage time when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value and controlling the first switch to be closed so as to switch on the bleeder resistor and discharge the voltage when the working voltage is greater than the preset overvoltage value;
the MCU is also used for determining whether the overvoltage time is greater than preset overvoltage time or not, and if the overvoltage time is greater than the preset overvoltage time, the second switch is controlled to be switched off so as to protect the load;
the vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit further includes: a power supply circuit; the input end of the power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter, the first output end of the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply end of the voltage acquisition circuit, the power supply end of the MCU is connected with the second output end of the power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit is used for supplying power to the MCU;
the voltage acquisition circuit includes: the circuit comprises a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a first sliding resistor and a second sliding resistor;
the input end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter, the output end of the first resistor is respectively connected with the input ends of the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor and the first capacitor, the output end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the input end of the fifth resistor and the negative input end of the first operational amplifier, and the output end of the fifth resistor is respectively connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier, the output end of the sixth resistor and the input end of the seventh resistor; the positive input end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the first output end of the first sliding resistor and the input end of the second capacitor respectively, and the input end of the first sliding resistor is connected to the first output end of the power supply circuit;
the output end of the fourth resistor is connected with the positive input end of the second operational amplifier and the input end of the eighth resistor respectively; the negative input end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the first output end of the second sliding resistor and the input end of the fourth capacitor respectively, and the input end of the second sliding resistor is connected with the first output end of the power supply circuit; the output end of the eighth resistor is connected with the input end of the third capacitor and the input end of the ninth resistor respectively; and the output ends of the ninth resistor and the seventh resistor are connected with the first input end of the MCU.
2. The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: a third switch for controlling whether the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected to the vehicle-mounted generator; a third output end of the MCU is connected with a third switch;
the MCU is used for acquiring the temperature detected by the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is arranged on a radiator, the radiator is arranged on the bleeder resistor, the temperature sensor is connected with a second input end of the MCU, and the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the radiator and sending the temperature to the MCU;
the MCU is further used for determining whether the temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value or not, and if the temperature is greater than the preset temperature threshold value, the third switch is controlled to be disconnected so that the vehicle-mounted inverter is disconnected with the vehicle-mounted generator;
the MCU is further used for determining whether the working voltage is smaller than a preset undervoltage value or not, and if the working voltage is smaller than the preset undervoltage value, the second switch is controlled to be switched off.
3. The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage acquisition circuit includes: a tenth resistor and a first light emitting diode;
an input end of the first light emitting diode is connected with an output end of the eighth resistor, an input end of the ninth resistor and an input end of the third capacitor respectively, and an output end of the first light emitting diode is connected with an input end of the tenth resistor;
the second output end of the first sliding resistor, the second output end of the second sliding resistor, the output end of the first capacitor, the output end of the second capacitor, the output end of the third capacitor, the output end of the fourth capacitor, the output end of the second resistor and the output end of the tenth resistor are all grounded.
4. The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply circuit includes: an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, a first electrolytic capacitor, a first bidirectional diode, a first power chip and a second power chip;
the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is connected with the input end of the eleventh resistor, the output end of the eleventh resistor is connected with the input end of the twelfth resistor, and the output end of the twelfth resistor is respectively connected with the input end of the thirteenth resistor, the input end of the fifth capacitor and the input end of the first power supply chip; taking an output end of the first power chip as a second output end of the power supply circuit, wherein the output end of the first power chip is connected with a power supply end of an MCU, input ends of the sixth capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor, the first bidirectional diode and a fourteenth resistor respectively, an output end of the fourteenth resistor is connected with the seventh capacitor, a reference end and a cathode of the second power chip respectively, and an output end of the fourteenth resistor is taken as a first output end of the power supply circuit;
the output ends of the thirteenth resistor, the fifth capacitor, the sixth capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor, the first bidirectional diode and the seventh capacitor are grounded, and the anode of the second power supply chip is grounded.
5. The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a seventeenth resistor, a second light emitting diode, a second bidirectional diode, a ninth capacitor and a diode;
a first output end of the MCU is connected with an input end of the fifteenth resistor, an output end of the fifteenth resistor is respectively connected with the seventeenth resistor, an input end of the second bidirectional diode and a first end of the first switch, and a second end of the first switch is respectively connected with the bleeder resistor and an output end of the diode; and the output end of the vehicle-mounted inverter is respectively connected with the input ends of the bleeder resistor, the diode and the ninth capacitor.
6. The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized by further comprising: a second light emitting diode and a sixteenth resistor;
the first output end of the MCU is connected with the input end of the second light-emitting diode, the output end of the second light-emitting diode is connected with the input end of the sixteenth resistor, and the sixteenth resistor, the second bidirectional diode, the seventeenth resistor, the output end of the ninth capacitor and the third end of the first switch are grounded.
7. The vehicle-mounted voltage abnormality protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: an eighth capacitor and a second electrolytic capacitor;
and the power supply end of the MCU is respectively connected with the input end of the eighth capacitor and the input end of the second electrolytic capacitor, and the output end of the eighth capacitor and the output end of the second electrolytic capacitor are grounded.
8. A vehicle characterized by comprising the on-vehicle voltage abnormality protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202211496056.1A 2022-11-28 2022-11-28 Vehicle-mounted voltage abnormity protection circuit and vehicle Active CN115549054B (en)

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CN108574272A (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-25 中惠创智无线供电技术有限公司 A kind of protection circuit and wireless power supply system applied to wireless power supply system
CN209929968U (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-01-10 广州致远电子有限公司 Power output bleeder circuit and electrical power generating system
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