CN115548675A - Low-profile super-surface antenna capable of realizing oblique radiation characteristic - Google Patents
Low-profile super-surface antenna capable of realizing oblique radiation characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN115548675A CN115548675A CN202211506031.5A CN202211506031A CN115548675A CN 115548675 A CN115548675 A CN 115548675A CN 202211506031 A CN202211506031 A CN 202211506031A CN 115548675 A CN115548675 A CN 115548675A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly provides a low-profile super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics, which is used for meeting the requirements of communication antennas on oblique radiation performance and low profile. The invention comprises the following steps: the metal substrate structure comprises a lower metal layer, a lower dielectric substrate, a middle metal layer, an upper dielectric substrate and an upper metal layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein the upper metal layer consists of a super-surface structure and a metal coupling microstrip line; exciting a lateral radiation mode of the super-surface structure through the coupling feed gap, wherein the radiation phases of the mode at two sides of the antenna are the same; meanwhile, a bidirectional radiation mode of the super-surface structure is excited through the metal probe and the metal coupling microstrip line structure, and the radiation phases of the mode at two sides of the antenna are opposite; after the two radiation modes are superposed, radiation at one end is enhanced, radiation at the other end is offset, and the obvious oblique radiation characteristic is finally realized; the antenna also has low profile, high gain characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly provides a novel super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics, which has the characteristics of low profile and high gain.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and demand, the demand for communication systems, particularly mobile satellite communication, has increased. The architecture of a mobile satellite communication system includes both a space part, a user part, and a terrestrial part, which supplements and extends the terrestrial mobile communication system by integrating satellite communication and mobile communication. For a vehicle-mounted mobile satellite communication system, a satellite cannot be always positioned right above an automobile under normal conditions, so that a conventional side-emitting radiation antenna cannot be directly applied to the vehicle-mounted satellite communication system, and therefore an antenna with an oblique radiation characteristic needs to be introduced; secondly, the vehicle-mounted antenna should have a low profile as much as possible so as to reduce the influence of the external antenna on the automobile and ensure the working stability of the antenna; in addition, the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave is less attenuated in the process of propagating in the atmosphere relative to the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave; therefore, the vehicle-mounted satellite communication system antenna should be a low-profile antenna with vertically polarized oblique radiation characteristics, which puts more severe requirements on the antenna.
Generally, a vertically polarized oblique radiation antenna is placed right above a main radiation antenna by means of a single-layer or multi-layer planar metamaterial structure, and the oblique radiation characteristic with a certain inclination angle is realized by regulating and controlling the phase of a radiation wave of the antenna; however, the conventional oblique antenna has a large profile due to the need to introduce a multi-layer structure. Therefore, how to realize the oblique radiation performance of the antenna by other methods and simultaneously enable the antenna to have a smaller section has important significance and value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-profile super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics, which is used as a communication antenna between an automobile and a mobile satellite and meets requirements of oblique radiation performance and a low profile; according to the invention, two radiation modes of the super-surface structure are simultaneously excited, so that the two radiation modes are superposed to realize oblique radiation of a beam inclined to one side, and the requirement of low profile is met.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a low-profile super-surface antenna for achieving oblique radiation characteristics, comprising: the lower metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate, the middle metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate and the upper metal layer are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the lower metal layer is a metal feeder 1 and is positioned on the middle line of the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2;
the middle metal layer is a metal grounding plate 3, a coupling feed gap 6 is formed in the center of the metal grounding plate, and the forming direction of the coupling feed gap is perpendicular to the metal feeder line 1;
the upper metal layer is composed of a super-surface structure 5-1 and a metal coupling microstrip line 5-2 and is in an axisymmetric structure; the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2 is positioned in the center of the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 4, the metal coupling microstrip line is arranged in parallel with the metal feeder line, and the center of the metal coupling microstrip line is connected with the metal feeder line 1 through a metal probe 7; the super-surface structure 5-1 is composed of 4 rectangular metal rings, 4 long-side rectangular radiation patches and 4 wide-side rectangular radiation patches, the 4 rectangular metal rings are arranged in an array mode around the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2, and the long sides of the rectangular metal rings are parallel to the metal coupling microstrip line; the 4 long-side rectangular radiation patches and the 4 wide-side rectangular radiation patches are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the rectangular metal rings, the long-side rectangular radiation patches are arranged in parallel with the long sides of the rectangular metal rings, and the wide-side rectangular radiation patches are arranged in parallel with the wide sides of the rectangular metal rings; a pair of long-side metal branches are loaded at the middle points of the inner edges of the rectangular metal rings along the long sides, and a pair of wide-side metal branches are loaded at the middle points of the inner edges of the rectangular metal rings along the wide sides.
Further, the super-surface structure 5-1 generates a lateral radiation mode under the excitation of the coupling feed gap 6, the super-surface structure 5-1 generates a bidirectional radiation mode under the excitation of the metal probe 7 and the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2, the radiation phases of the lateral radiation mode at two sides of the antenna are the same, the radiation phases of the bidirectional radiation mode at two sides of the antenna are opposite, and the lateral radiation mode and the bidirectional radiation mode are superposed to obtain a side oblique radiation mode.
Furthermore, the metal grounding plate 3 is a large-size grounding plate, and the side length of the large-size grounding plate is not less than 80mm.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a low-profile super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics, which has very remarkable oblique radiation characteristics, low profile and high gain characteristics; the invention excites a lateral radiation mode (normal radiation) of the super-surface structure through the coupling feed gap, and the radiation phases of the mode at the two sides of the antenna are the same; meanwhile, a bidirectional radiation mode of the super-surface structure is excited through the metal probe and the parasitic metal coupling microstrip line structure, and the radiation phases of the mode at two sides of the antenna are opposite; after the two radiation modes are superposed, the radiation at one end is strengthened due to the same phase, and the radiation at the other end is mutually offset due to the opposite phase, so that the oblique radiation with a certain inclination angle is finally realized. In addition, the large-size floor can be well fused with various vehicle-mounted, ship-mounted, aircraft-mounted and other communication platforms with larger metal surfaces, when the size of the metal grounding plate of the antenna is increased, the inclination angle of the wave beam is increased, and the influence of the size of the metal grounding plate on the radiation performance of the conventional antenna is effectively avoided.
In summary, the invention realizes mutual superposition of directional diagrams of two radiation modes by only changing the feed structure of the antenna without introducing a multilayer large-scale metamaterial structure, thereby realizing oblique radiation characteristics and effectively avoiding the problems of high profile, high complexity and the like caused by the multilayer large-scale metamaterial structure, namely the invention also has the characteristics of low profile and high gain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (a perspective exploded view) of a three-dimensional structure of a low-profile super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a low-profile super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a low-profile super-surface antenna for implementing oblique radiation characteristics according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating port return loss (S) of a low-profile super-surface antenna for implementing oblique radiation characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention 11 ) A curve;
fig. 5 is an E-plane directional diagram at a frequency point of a low-profile super-surface antenna implementing oblique radiation characteristics provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an H-plane directional diagram at a frequency point of a low-profile super-surface antenna implementing oblique radiation characteristics provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the structure comprises a metal feeder 1, a lower-layer dielectric substrate 2, a metal grounding plate 3, an upper-layer dielectric substrate 4, a super-surface structure 5-1, a metal coupling microstrip line 5-2, a coupling feed gap 6 and a metal probe 7.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present embodiment provides a low-profile super-surface antenna for realizing oblique radiation characteristics, which has a structure as shown in fig. 1 to 3, and adopts a five-layer structure, specifically including: the lower metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate, the middle metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate and the upper metal layer are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the lower metal layer is a metal feeder 1 and is positioned on the middle line of the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2; in this embodiment, the dimensions of the metal feed line are: 1.7 mm wide and 66.5 mm long;
the middle metal layer is a metal grounding plate 3, a coupling feed gap 6 is formed in the center of the metal grounding plate, and the forming direction of the coupling feed gap 6 is perpendicular to the metal feeder line; in this embodiment, the size of the coupling feed gap is: 1.9mm wide and 22mm long;
the upper metal layer is composed of a super-surface structure 5-1 and a metal coupling microstrip line 5-2, and is in an axisymmetric structure relative to the central line of the upper dielectric substrate; the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2 is positioned at the center of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 4, the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2 is arranged in parallel to the metal feeder line, the center of the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2 is connected with the metal feeder line 1 through a metal probe 7 penetrating through the upper-layer dielectric substrate and the lower-layer dielectric substrate, and the metal probe 7 penetrates through the coupling feed gap 6 and is not connected with the metal grounding plate; the super-surface structure 5-1 is composed of 4 rectangular metal rings, 4 long-side rectangular radiation patches and 4 wide-side rectangular radiation patches, the 4 rectangular metal rings are arranged around the metal coupling microstrip line 5-2 in an array mode, and the long sides of the rectangular metal rings are parallel to the metal coupling microstrip line; the 4 long-side rectangular radiation patches and the 4 wide-side rectangular radiation patches are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the rectangular metal ring, the long-side rectangular radiation patches and the long sides of the rectangular metal ring are arranged in parallel (namely, the long sides of the long-side rectangular radiation patches and the long sides of the rectangular metal ring are parallel and are overlapped with each other in a central line perpendicular to the long sides), and the wide-side rectangular radiation patches and the wide sides of the rectangular metal ring are arranged in parallel (namely, the wide sides of the long-side rectangular radiation patches and the wide sides of the wide-side rectangular radiation patches and the long sides of the wide-side rectangular radiation patches and the wide sides of the wide-side rectangular radiation patches are parallel and are overlapped in a central line perpendicular to the wide sides); a pair of long-side metal branches are loaded in the rectangular metal ring along the middle point of the long side, and a pair of wide-side metal branches are loaded in the rectangular metal ring along the middle point of the wide side; in this embodiment, the dimensions of the metal coupling microstrip line are as follows: the width is 1.8mm, length is 4.7mm, and the size of rectangle becket is: outside wide 8.2mm, outside long 11.5mm, inside wide 6.2mm, inside long 10mm, the size of broadside metal branch knot is: width 1mm, length 2.2mm, the size of long limit metal branch knot is: 1mm wide, 1.2mm long, the size of long limit rectangle radiation patch is: 7.3mm wide, 11.5mm long, the size of broadside rectangle radiation patch is: the width is 8.2mm, length is 10.8mm, and the size of metal probe is: the diameter is 1.2mm, and the height is 2.8mm;
the upper-layer dielectric substrate is made of an F4B plate with the relative dielectric constant of 3.5, is square, and has the side length of 115mm and the height of 2mm; the lower dielectric substrate is made of an F4B plate with the relative dielectric constant of 2.6, is square, and has the side length of 115mm and the height of 0.8mm; correspondingly, the metal grounding plate is also square, and the side length is 115mm.
The results of simulation tests on the low-profile super-surface antenna are shown in fig. 4-6; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4, S of the antenna 11 The curve shows good reflection coefficient, the-10 dB matching frequency band of the antenna is 4.63-4.97 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 7.1%; the electromagnetic wave wavelength in the free space corresponding to the central working frequency point 4.8 GHz is taken as a reference, the section height of the antenna is 0.045 times of the wavelength, namely the antenna has the characteristic of low section;
as shown in fig. 5, the E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna at the frequency point of 4.8 GHz is shown, the gain of the antenna at the frequency point of 4.8 GHz is 7.9dBi, the maximum radiation direction is 37 ° from the normal direction of the antenna, and the antenna is vertically polarized oblique radiation; as shown in fig. 6, the H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna at the frequency point of 4.8 GHz has a 3 dB lobe width of 72 ° and a wider radiation lobe; combining fig. 5 and fig. 6, the antenna has a higher gain and a wider lobe while having a characteristic of 37 ° oblique radiation.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (3)
1. A low-profile super-surface antenna for achieving oblique radiation characteristics, comprising: the lower metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate, the middle metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate and the upper metal layer are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the lower metal layer is a metal feeder (1) and is positioned on the middle line of the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (2);
the middle metal layer is a metal grounding plate (3), a coupling feed gap (6) is formed in the center of the metal grounding plate, and the forming direction of the coupling feed gap is perpendicular to the metal feeder line (1);
the upper metal layer is composed of a super-surface structure (5-1) and a metal coupling microstrip line (5-2), and is in an axisymmetric structure; the metal coupling microstrip line (5-2) is positioned in the center of the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (4), the metal coupling microstrip line is arranged in parallel to the metal feeder, and the center of the metal coupling microstrip line is connected with the metal feeder (1) through a metal probe (7); the super-surface structure (5-1) is composed of 4 rectangular metal rings, 4 long-edge rectangular radiation patches and 4 wide-edge rectangular radiation patches, the 4 rectangular metal rings are arranged around the metal coupling microstrip line (5-2) in an array mode, and the long edges of the rectangular metal rings are parallel to the metal coupling microstrip line; the 4 long-side rectangular radiation patches and the 4 wide-side rectangular radiation patches are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the rectangular metal rings, the long-side rectangular radiation patches are arranged in parallel with the long sides of the rectangular metal rings, and the wide-side rectangular radiation patches are arranged in parallel with the wide sides of the rectangular metal rings; a pair of long-side metal branches are loaded at the middle points of the inner edges of the rectangular metal rings along the long sides, and a pair of wide-side metal branches are loaded at the middle points of the inner edges of the rectangular metal rings along the wide sides.
2. The low-profile super-surface antenna capable of realizing the oblique radiation characteristic according to claim 1, wherein the super-surface structure (5-1) generates a lateral radiation mode under the excitation of the coupling feed gap (6), the super-surface structure (5-1) generates a bidirectional radiation mode under the excitation of the metal probe (7) and the metal coupling microstrip line (5-2), the lateral radiation mode has the same radiation phase at two sides of the antenna, the bidirectional radiation mode has opposite radiation phase at two sides of the antenna, and the lateral radiation mode and the bidirectional radiation mode are superposed to obtain a one-side oblique radiation mode.
3. A low profile ultra-surface antenna realizing oblique radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that said metal ground plane (3) is a large size ground plane, the side length of the metal ground plane is not less than 80mm.
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| CN115036688A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-09-09 | 南京理工大学 | Low-profile antenna beam type reconfigurable super-surface antenna |
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| US20170194720A1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-07-06 | University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China | Miniature wideband antenna for 5G mobile networks |
| KR20180099326A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-05 | 광운대학교 산학협력단 | Aluminum plasmonic metasurface device enabling wavelength insensitive phase gradient |
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