CN115547774A - Circuit protection device - Google Patents
Circuit protection device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115547774A CN115547774A CN202211355973.8A CN202211355973A CN115547774A CN 115547774 A CN115547774 A CN 115547774A CN 202211355973 A CN202211355973 A CN 202211355973A CN 115547774 A CN115547774 A CN 115547774A
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- Prior art keywords
- contact
- contact pressure
- circuit
- circuit protection
- switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/74—Means for adjusting the conditions under which the device will function to provide protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
Abstract
The invention discloses a circuit protection device, comprising: the switch is connected in series in the circuit, the contact pressure detection unit is used for detecting the contact pressure between the moving contact and the fixed contact of the switch, and the control unit is used for controlling the switch to be switched on; the control unit is used for executing the following protection actions: when the current related parameters of the circuit exceed the circuit protection parameters, the movable contact and the fixed contact of the switch are separated to break the circuit; the control unit is also configured to perform the following protective actions: when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than a preset first pressure threshold value, the circuit protection parameter is adjusted from a larger first circuit protection parameter to a smaller second circuit protection parameter, and the first pressure threshold value is smaller than a rated contact pressure value of the switch. Compared with the prior art, the invention can protect the switching device when the contact pressure is reduced, and make the circuit continuously run in a safe range, thereby avoiding the loss of long-time power failure caused by direct breaking.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a circuit protection device.
Background
The power supply system needs to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit, so that the safety and reliability of the circuit breaker are particularly important. In actual operation, the problem of contact pressure reduction exists after the circuit breaker operates for a long time, and the contact pressure directly influences the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker. The contact system of the circuit breaker mainly comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact, and the contact pressure refers to the contact pressure between the moving contact and the fixed contact when the circuit breaker is switched on. The problem of contact pressure reduction can be caused by phenomena such as contact abrasion, mechanism aging and the like, parameters such as contact overtravel reduction, contact resistance increase and the like can be changed, and in severe cases, a circuit breaker can be burnt, fused and welded and fails, so that the safety of an electric power system is influenced. Therefore, when the contact pressure is reduced to a certain degree, the circuit breaker can not meet the operating conditions of the current set circuit protection parameters, if the circuit breaker is continuously used according to the original circuit protection parameters, potential safety hazards can exist, generally, in the prior art, when the contact pressure in the circuit breaker is reduced to a certain set value, an alarm needs to be given and the circuit breaker is tripped, so that a contact system can be replaced, but in some occasions, such as remote areas, the maintenance and replacement of the circuit breaker can not be carried out in time, and therefore the circuit breaker is disconnected due to the fact that the contact pressure is reduced in the circuit breaker, and long-time power failure can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a circuit protection device which can protect a switch device when the pressure of a contact of a switch is reduced, and enable a circuit to continue to operate in a safe range, so that the loss of long-time power failure caused by direct breaking is avoided.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a circuit protection device comprising: the switch is connected in series in the circuit, the contact pressure detection unit is used for detecting the contact pressure between the moving contact and the fixed contact of the switch, and the control unit is used for controlling the switch to be switched on; the control unit is used for executing the following protection actions: when the current related parameters of the circuit exceed the circuit protection parameters, the movable contact and the fixed contact of the switch are separated to break the circuit; the control unit is also configured to perform the following protective actions: when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than a preset first pressure threshold value, the circuit protection parameter is adjusted from a larger first circuit protection parameter to a smaller second circuit protection parameter, and the first pressure threshold value is smaller than a rated contact pressure value of the switch.
Furthermore, a second pressure threshold is also arranged in the control unit, when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than the second pressure threshold, the control unit sends a control signal to separate the moving contact and the fixed contact of the switch so as to break the circuit, and the second pressure threshold is smaller than the first pressure threshold.
Furthermore, the device further comprises a load adjusting unit for reducing the load of the circuit when the contact pressure is lower than the first pressure threshold.
Preferably, the second circuit protection parameter is related to the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detecting unit, and the second circuit protection parameter is smaller when the contact pressure is lower than the rated contact pressure value of the switch.
Preferably, the first pressure threshold is 85% to 95% of the rated contact pressure value of the switch, and the second pressure threshold is 70% to 80% of the rated contact pressure value of the switch.
Preferably, the circuit protection parameter is a short circuit instantaneous breaking current value, or a short circuit short delay value, or an overload long delay value, or a short time tolerance current value, or a short time tolerance time value.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problem of contact pressure reduction in the circuit protection device, the invention carries out classification treatment according to the actually detected contact pressure: when the reduction degree of the contact pressure is small, the circuit is not subjected to breaking protection, and the circuit protection parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the reduction degree of the contact pressure; when the reduction degree of the contact pressure is larger, the circuit is directly disconnected and protected; therefore, on the premise of ensuring the power supply safety, the circuit can continue to operate for a long time, and the loss of long-time power failure caused by direct breaking is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 3 are schematic structural diagrams of mechanical parts of a circuit breaker in an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a system block diagram of a circuit breaker in an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the circuit breaker and the load balancing unit according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problem of contact pressure reduction in the circuit protection device, the invention aims to solve the problem that classification treatment is carried out according to actually detected contact pressure: when the reduction degree of the contact pressure is small, the circuit is not subjected to breaking protection, and the circuit protection parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the reduction degree of the contact pressure; when the reduction degree of the contact pressure is larger, the circuit is directly disconnected and protected; therefore, on the premise of ensuring the power supply safety, the circuit can continue to operate for a long time, and the loss of long-time power failure caused by direct breaking is avoided.
A circuit protection device comprising: the switch is connected in series in the circuit, the contact pressure detection unit is used for detecting the contact pressure between the moving contact and the fixed contact of the switch, and the control unit is used for controlling the switch to be switched on; the control unit is used for executing the following protection actions: when the current related parameters of the circuit exceed the circuit protection parameters, the movable contact and the fixed contact of the switch are separated to break the circuit; the control unit is also configured to perform the following protective actions: when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than a preset first pressure threshold value, the circuit protection parameter is adjusted from a larger first circuit protection parameter to a smaller second circuit protection parameter, and the first pressure threshold value is smaller than a rated contact pressure value of the switch.
Furthermore, a second pressure threshold is also arranged in the control unit, when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than the second pressure threshold, the control unit sends a control signal to separate the moving contact and the fixed contact of the switch so as to break the circuit, and the second pressure threshold is smaller than the first pressure threshold; the circuit protection device is preferably provided with an alarm unit, and when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than the second pressure threshold value, the control unit sends a signal to the alarm unit, and the alarm unit gives an alarm.
Furthermore, the device further comprises a load adjusting unit for reducing the load capacity of the circuit when the contact pressure is lower than the first pressure threshold, preferably dynamically reducing the load capacity of the circuit according to the reduction degree of the contact pressure compared with the rated contact pressure value of the switch, wherein the load capacity is reduced more when the contact pressure is reduced more.
Preferably, the second circuit protection parameter is related to the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detecting unit, and the second circuit protection parameter is smaller when the contact pressure is lower than the rated contact pressure value of the switch.
Preferably, the first pressure threshold is 85% to 95% of the rated contact pressure value of the switch, and the second pressure threshold is 70% to 80% of the rated contact pressure value of the switch.
Preferably, the circuit protection parameter is a short-circuit instantaneous breaking current value, or a short-circuit short-delay value, or an overload long-delay value, or a short-time tolerance current value, or a short-time tolerance time value.
For the public understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by a specific embodiment and the accompanying drawings:
there are many switches with contacts commonly used in circuits, and taking a mechanical breaker as an example, the mechanical breaker generally includes a moving contact, a fixed contact, a contact spring, a contact support component, a connecting rod, an operating mechanism, a magnetic flux converter, a sampling unit and a control unit; when the breaker is disconnected, the control unit sends a control signal to control the magnetic flux converter to act to unlock the operating mechanism, and the operating mechanism can separate the moving contact from the fixed contact, so that the breaker is disconnected.
The mechanical part structure of an existing mechanical circuit breaker is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and comprises an operating mechanism 1, a housing 2, a movable contact 3 and a fixed contact 4, wherein the operating mechanism 1 is installed outside the housing 2, and can drive the movable contact 3 installed inside the housing 2 to be in contact with or separated from the fixed contact 4 also installed inside the housing 2, so as to realize the on-off of a circuit, the movable contact 3 at least comprises a current bearing component 31, a contact spring 32 and a contact support 33, wherein the current bearing component 31 at least comprises a plurality of movable contact pieces 311 which are parallelly arranged, hinged on the contact support 33 and can relatively pivot, two ends of the contact spring 32 respectively abut against the contact support 33 and the movable contact piece 311, and the contact support 33 can pivot and swing around a self fulcrum O-O, so as to drive the movable contact piece 311 to be in contact with or separated from the fixed contact 4, and realize the on-off of the circuit breaker.
When the circuit breaker is in a closing state, when the pressure applied to the moving contact 32 by the contact spring 32 is reduced, the capability of the moving contact 32 for resisting the electrodynamic force is deteriorated, short-circuit instantaneous breaking current, short-circuit short delay current, overload long delay current and short-time withstand current cannot be borne, the breaking speed is slowed, and when a large current flows, problems of overlong arcing time, incapability of extinguishing an arc, fusion welding, overhigh temperature rise, contact burnout and the like may be caused.
The system architecture of the circuit breaker is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a control unit, a switching-off actuating mechanism, a contact pressure detection unit, a display unit and an alarm unit; the control unit comprises a microprocessor, an opening driving unit and a storage unit, the opening actuating mechanism comprises a magnetic flux converter and an operating mechanism, and the contact pressure detection unit is used for detecting the contact pressure between a moving contact and a static contact when the breaker is closed, namely the contact pressure; there are many methods for obtaining the contact pressure, for example, the prior art may directly obtain the contact pressure by installing a pressure sensor on the contact, or may indirectly obtain the contact wear degree in the circuit breaker (where the contact wear degree is detected by the prior art, for example, by calculating the collision stress between the moving contact and the static contact and calculating the motion curve of the moving contact), or by measuring the contact resistance between the contacts. The technical solution of the present invention can be realized by designing the control logic of the control unit, and the following is further described in detail in several different embodiments.
When the contact pressure K is reduced to be less than the first pressure threshold value K 1 But greater than a second pressure threshold K 2 In the time, the adjusted circuit protection parameter can be a fixed value, and can also be dynamically adjusted according to the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit, and the adjustment principle is as follows: the contact pressure is higher than the rated contact pressure value of the switchThe more low, the less circuit protection parameter adjustment.
Preferably, K 2 Can be set to K 0 70% -80% of (C), K 1 Is K 0 85% -95%; wherein K 0 The rated contact pressure set for the contact in a factory state.
The first method is as follows:
the short-circuit instantaneous breaking current value of the circuit breaker is taken as a circuit protection parameter, namely the current in the circuit reaches I 1 When the circuit breaker is instantaneously disconnected; a contact pressure reduction in the circuit breaker is detected in the contact pressure detection unit and the contact pressure K is reduced to less than a first pressure threshold K 1 But greater than a second pressure threshold K 2 The control unit adjusts the short-circuit instantaneous breaking current value according to the contact pressure sent by the contact pressure detection unit, and the short-circuit instantaneous breaking current value is adjusted to be larger I 1 Adjusted to smaller I 2 Wherein, I 1 >I 2 ，K 0 >K 1 >K 2 ，K 0 Rated contact pressure set for the contact in a factory state; since the contact pressure is reduced, in order to avoid the repulsion of the contacts, it is necessary to reduce the electric repulsion force it withstands under the corresponding conditions, whereas according to the prior document, the electric repulsion force is proportional to the square of the current value, so that the short circuit instantaneous breaking current value can be adjusted according to this relationship, when the dynamic adjustment is carried out, for example, when the contact pressure is reduced to K 0 81%, the instantaneous current value I will be short-circuited accordingly 1 Reduced to 90% of its original value, i.e. I 2 ＝0.9I 1 (ii) a When the contact pressure drops to K 0 90% of (1), I 2 ＝0.94I 1 (ii) a The adjusted circuit protection parameter may also be a fixed value, for example, when K satisfies K 2 <K<K 1 When the first and second parts are combined, the first part is unified 2 Adjusted to a fixed value, e.g. I 2 ＝0.9I 1 。
At this time, when the sampled current value reaches I 2 When the switch is turned on, the microprocessor in the control unit controls the opening driving unit to send signal to the magnetic flux converter, the coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, the operating mechanism is unlocked, and thus the switch is turned onSo that the breaker is switched off; the action response threshold of the circuit breaker is reduced by adjusting the protection parameter value, so that the maximum current value borne by the contact is reduced, the risk of breaking failure of the contact when large current passes through the contact due to the reduction of the pressure of the contact is avoided to a great extent, and meanwhile, the normal power supply of the circuit is maintained.
When the contact pressure drops to a second pressure threshold K 2 When the circuit breaker is in a closed state, the microprocessor in the circuit breaker directly controls the opening driving unit to send a signal to the magnetic flux converter, the coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, the operating mechanism is unlocked, the circuit breaker is disconnected, the control unit sends a signal to the alarm unit, the alarm unit gives an alarm to prompt that the contact can not be used any more, and safety accidents are avoided.
The second method comprises the following steps:
the short-circuit short-delay value I-T of the circuit breaker is taken as a circuit protection parameter, namely the current reaches I 3 And maintaining the time T 3 Then, a microprocessor in the control unit controls the opening driving unit to send a signal to the magnetic flux converter, a coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, and the operating mechanism is unlocked, so that the circuit breaker is switched off; the contact pressure detection unit detects a contact pressure decrease in the circuit breaker, and the contact pressure K decreases to be less than a first pressure threshold value K 1 But greater than a second pressure threshold K 2 When (K) 0 >K 1 >K 2 ，K 0 Rated contact pressure set for the contact in the factory state), the control unit controls the short-circuit short-delay value I according to the contact pressure sent by the contact pressure detection unit 3 -T 3 Making an adjustment to I 4 -T 4 In order to avoid the influence of the reduction of breaking capacity caused by the contact pressure of the circuit breaker, the delay time of the circuit breaker needs to be reduced; or the current value borne by the resistor must be reduced within the same delay time; or the current value borne by the circuit and the delay time must be reduced simultaneously; thus, three combinations can be set, I 3 >I 4 ，T 3 >T 4 (ii) a Or I 3 ＝I 4 ，T 3 >T 4 (ii) a Or I 3 >I 4 ，T 3 ＝T 4 ；
When the contact pressure drops to a second pressure threshold K 2 When the circuit breaker is in a closed state, the microprocessor in the circuit breaker directly controls the opening driving unit to send a signal to the magnetic flux converter, the coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, the operating mechanism is unlocked, the circuit breaker is disconnected, the control unit sends a signal to the alarm unit, the alarm unit gives an alarm to prompt that the contact can not be used any more, and safety accidents are avoided.
The third method comprises the following steps:
the overload long delay value I-T of the circuit breaker is taken as a circuit protection parameter, namely the current reaches I 5 And maintaining the time T 5 Then, a microprocessor in the control unit controls the opening driving unit to send a signal to the magnetic flux converter, a coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, and the operating mechanism is unlocked, so that the circuit breaker is switched off; a contact pressure reduction in the circuit breaker is detected in the contact pressure detection unit and the contact pressure K is reduced to less than a first pressure threshold K 1 But greater than a second pressure threshold K 2 When (K) 0 >K 1 >K 2 ，K 0 Rated contact pressure set for the contact in a factory state), and the control unit controls the overload time delay value I according to the contact pressure sent by the contact pressure detection unit 5 -T 5 Making an adjustment to I 6 -T 6 In order to avoid the influence of the reduction of breaking capacity caused by the contact pressure of the circuit breaker, the delay time of the circuit breaker needs to be reduced; or the current value borne by the resistor must be reduced within the same delay time; or the current value borne by the resistor and the delay time must be reduced simultaneously; thus, three combinations can be set, I 5 >I 6 ，T 5 >T 6 (ii) a Or I 5 ＝I 6 ，T 5 >T 6 (ii) a Or I 5 >I 6 ，T 5 ＝T 6 。
When the contact pressure dropsTo a second pressure threshold K 2 When the circuit breaker is in a closed state, the microprocessor in the circuit breaker directly controls the opening driving unit to send a signal to the magnetic flux converter, the coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, the operating mechanism is unlocked, the circuit breaker is disconnected, the control unit sends a signal to the alarm unit, the alarm unit gives an alarm to prompt that the contact can not be used any more, and safety accidents are avoided.
The method is as follows:
taking the short-time withstand current value I-T of the circuit breaker as a circuit protection parameter, namely, at a specified time T 7 The inner circuit breaker being able to carry current I in the closed position 7 Without damage; a contact pressure reduction in the circuit breaker is detected in the contact pressure detection unit and the contact pressure K is reduced to less than a first pressure threshold K 1 But greater than a second pressure threshold K 2 When (K) 0 >K 1 >K 2 ，K 0 Rated contact pressure set for the contact in a factory state), and the control unit is used for controlling the short-time withstand current value I according to the contact pressure sent by the contact pressure detection unit 7 -T 7 Making an adjustment to I 8 -T 8 In order to avoid the influence caused by the contact pressure of the circuit breaker and prevent the contact from burning, the endurance time of the circuit breaker must be reduced; or the current value to which it is subjected must be reduced within the same withstand time; or the current value borne by the device and the endurance time must be reduced simultaneously; thus, three combinations can be set, I 7 >I 8 ，T 7 >T 8 (ii) a Or I 7 ＝I 8 ，T 7 >T 8 (ii) a Or I 7 >I 8 ，T 7 ＝T 8 。
When the contact pressure drops to a second pressure threshold K 2 When the circuit breaker is in a power-off state, the microprocessor in the circuit breaker directly controls the opening driving unit to send a signal to the magnetic flux converter, the coil of the magnetic flux converter is electrified, the magnetic flux converter acts, the operating mechanism is unlocked, the circuit breaker is disconnected, and the control unit sends a signal to the alarm unitSend the signal, alarm unit sends out the police dispatch newspaper, and the suggestion contact can not use again to avoid taking place the incident.
The display unit in this embodiment can display the current protection parameter value, and can send the current protection parameter value to the user terminal, remind the user whether the contact pressure of circuit breaker is in the bearable scope according to the current protection parameter value judgement.
As shown in fig. 5, a load allocating unit may be further added to the circuit breaker, and when the contact pressure detecting unit detects that the contact pressure is reduced, the control unit sends a signal to the load allocating unit according to the signal sent by the contact pressure detecting unit, and the load allocating unit adjusts the line load to reduce the line load. The load allocation unit selectively cuts off the load according to the priority, so that the breaker is prevented from carrying current beyond a bearing range and the situation that the breaker cannot be disconnected and the like is avoided.
Claims (9)
1. A circuit protection device comprising: the device comprises a switch connected in series in a circuit, a contact pressure detection unit and a control unit, wherein the contact pressure detection unit is used for detecting the contact pressure between a movable contact and a fixed contact of the switch; the control unit is used for executing the following protection actions: when the current related parameters of the circuit exceed the circuit protection parameters, the movable contact and the fixed contact of the switch are separated to break the circuit; characterized in that the control unit is also adapted to perform the following protective actions: when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detection unit is lower than a preset first pressure threshold value, the circuit protection parameter is adjusted from a larger first circuit protection parameter to a smaller second circuit protection parameter, and the first pressure threshold value is smaller than a rated contact pressure value of the switch.
2. The circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein a second pressure threshold is further provided in the control unit, and when the contact pressure detected by the contact pressure detecting unit is lower than the second pressure threshold, the control unit sends a control signal to separate the moving contact and the stationary contact of the switch to break the circuit, and the second pressure threshold is smaller than the first pressure threshold.
3. The circuit protection device of claim 1, further comprising a load scheduling unit for reducing a load of the circuit when the contact pressure is below the first pressure threshold.
4. The circuit protection device of claim 1, wherein the second circuit protection parameter is related to a contact pressure detected by a contact pressure detection unit, and wherein the second circuit protection parameter is smaller when the contact pressure is lower than a rated contact pressure value of the switch.
5. The circuit protection device of claim 2, wherein the first pressure threshold is 85% -95% of a rated contact pressure value of the switch, and the second pressure threshold is 70% -80% of the rated contact pressure value of the switch.
6. The circuit protection device of claim 1, wherein the circuit protection parameter is a short-circuit instantaneous breaking current value.
7. The circuit protection device of claim 1, wherein the circuit protection parameter is a short delay value.
8. The circuit protection device of claim 1, wherein the circuit protection parameter is an overload long delay value.
9. The circuit protection device of claim 1, wherein the circuit protection parameter is an short-time withstand current value and/or a short-time withstand time value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211355973.8A CN115547774A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Circuit protection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211355973.8A CN115547774A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Circuit protection device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115547774A true CN115547774A (en) | 2022-12-30 |
Family
ID=84721578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211355973.8A Pending CN115547774A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Circuit protection device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115547774A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-11-01 CN CN202211355973.8A patent/CN115547774A/en active Pending
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