CN1155444C - Composite material of waste and its preparing process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to composite material which is mainly made from thermoplastic waste in industry and agriculture, solid waste slag and extracted product of waste liquid. The present invention is characterized in that the material is made of 100% of the waste in industry and agriculture, wherein thermoplastic waste (basal body) is from 51% to 64%; the solid waste slag (filling material) is from 35 to 48%; the industrial waste liquid (additive) is from 1 to 2%. The preparation method of the waste composite material mainly comprises sieving, breaking, mixing, melting and extruding for molding. The present invention is characterized in that the thermoplastic waste is broken for making granules of which the surfaces have wrinkles; the fresh surfaces are formed after the solid waste slag (the filling material) are broken. The composite material of the present invention reserves the inherent performance of raw material and has new performance no existing in the raw material; the present invention can be widely used for replacing wood, steel, plastics, porcelain, etc., can greatly consume the waste with different types, and can solve the environmental pollution problem caused by the waste.

Description

Composite material of waste and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of composite and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of composite material of waste and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

To produce a large amount of discarded objects in industrial and agricultural production every day and the life, not only serious environment pollution also causes the waste of a large amount of available resources, and the best approach that addresses these problems is with these castoff regenerative utilizations.Chinese patent literature disclosed " waste sand-slag composite and production method thereof " (90102171.7); its material characteristic is the solid slag of 50-80%; the thermoplasticity discarded object of 20-50%; the thermosets of 0.1-3%; its production is characterised in that earlier the raw material activation processing; be twisted into granule with a machine again, back die mould cooling.The composite technology of producing with this patent is complicated, and cost is higher.Wherein the thermosets of 0.1-3% is not a discarded object.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to propose the new solution of a kind of composite material of waste and preparation method thereof.

Technical scheme of the present invention is to implement like this, a kind of composite material of waste, include thermoplasticity discarded object, solid slag in the agriculture and industry waste, it is characterized in that this material is made up of 100% agriculture and industry waste, thermoplasticity discarded object comprising about 58%, solid slag about 40%, about 2% industrial waste oil.

The preparation method of composite material of waste, concrete steps are:

(1) solid slag screening, fragmentation, the thermoplasticity discarded object enters disintegrating machine, and broken 50-60 minute, making raw material become the surface had crinkled particle, industrial waste oil sedimentation, filtration, absorption,

(2) above-mentioned raw materials after the processing is pressed about 58% thermoplasticity discarded object, about 40% solid slag, and the ratio of about 2% industrial waste oil enters batch mixer and mixes, during the thermoplasticity discarded object particle that the solid slag embedding after the fragmentation was handled is crinkled,

(3) above-mentioned raw materials enters synthesizer, extruding with the state of sticky not moulding after the fusion under the 180-250 ℃ of temperature,

(4) above-mentioned raw materials of extruding is spread in the metal pattern, uses the forcing press extrusion forming, and pressure is 1Mpa-15Mpa, and the dwell time is 5-30 minute, and cooling die obtains the composite material of waste goods simultaneously.

Thermoplasticity discarded object in the agriculture and industry waste described in the technical scheme of the present invention is waste plastics, rubber and other organic matter.Solid slag is industrial antiquated sand, waste residue.The industrial waste oil miscella of industrial waste oil for handling.

Composite is that two or more the material with different performance is composited by certain technology, generally include two parts: as the matrix of continuous phase with as the packing material of decentralized photo, plastic refuse, rubber discarded object etc. is as matrix material.Industrial residues such as antiquated sand, cullet, slag, useless fiber are as packing material.

Composite of the present invention, its raw material comprises three classes: the first kind is the solid waste that produces in the industrial processes; Second class is agricultural and city plastic sheeting and other plastic refuse, and this two classes material accounts for more than 98% of gross weight; The 3rd class accounts for the 1-2% of gross weight, is the cheap raw material that various industrial waste oils are obtained through physical treatment.

In first and second above-mentioned class raw material, it is the industrial solid waste residue that 35-48% is arranged, as cast waste sand, metallurgical slag, fuel waste residue, mining slag etc., they are packing materials of composite, the various thermoplasticity waste or used plastics that 51-64% is arranged, as discarded polyethylene agricultural mulching, awning film and other plastic products etc., they are used as the matrix material of composite, when thermoplasticity waste or used plastics degree of aging and contaminated degree were serious, then this material was got the upper limit of percentage.

The 3rd class raw material accounts for 1-2%, it is the cheap raw material that obtains through physical treatment by various waste oil, such raw material is with industrial waste oil such as transformer oil, I. C. engine oil, steam turbine oil and compressor wet goods machinery oil, with the agent sedimentation of wadding a quilt with cotton with fixed attention, vacuum filtration, operations such as carclazyte absorption are handled, and become the mixture of being made up of alkane, cycloalkane, aromatic hydrocarbon and the derivative nitrogenous, that contain oxygen, sulfur-bearing of 16-20 carbon atom.Add this class additive and can further strengthen adhesion between solid slag material and waste plastics and other waste organic matter, increase the mechanical performance of composite, hot flowability etc., can also play surface-active, group chelation.

Owing to account for weight first and second class raw material more than 98% in the material of the present invention, it is the solid waste that all trades and professions produce, go up with various organic or inorganic impurity on its surface, has had a strong impact on the combination between the packing material, and then influenced the various performances of composite.So need in the waste plastics shattering process, crumple and dedusting; Inorganic matters such as antiquated sand, slag, slag need carry out certain preliminary treatment, as broken, screening, and particle are rubbed mutually to strengthen its surface-active.

The manufacturing process of this composite is as follows:

The various waste plastics letter sortings of collecting are sorted out, entered crusher in crushing after cleaning, the drying.Be broken into fragment less than 15mm, in this process, friction mutually between the fragment, be adsorbed on grit on the fragment to remove because of electrostatic interaction, a period of time subsequently, Po Sui waste plastic film and other plastic refuse are owing to rotating the heat that friction produces at a high speed, and the further shrinkage surface of quilt has crinkled as the tealeaves shape, and this shape can help embedding waste particle.The key of this procedure is: the broken time must strict control, should guarantee that time enough makes waste plastics broken to enough little, prevents that again the chien shih waste plastics is formed agglomerate because of frictional heat when long.The general broken time is 50-60 minute.

The industrial residue of collecting is carried out fragmentation, screening, allow inoganic solids waste residues such as antiquated sand, slag, slag under the effect of regenerating device and synthesizer shearing force, obtain strong rubbing and grind effect, destroyed the systematicness combination of material surface atom, produced fresh surface, and under the effect of additive, formed and have surface-active filler.The particles of inorganic material material also must have certain particle and distribute, oarse-grained slit is clogged by granule, and short grained slit is by littler grain packing, particle successively decreases successively, until being piled into maximal density, its effect both can increase the hardness, elastic modelling quantity, compression strength etc. of obtained material, can reduce the consumption of thermoplastic polymer again, reduced cost.The general granularity of industrial residue after the processing is below 70 orders.Waste plastics after handling, solid slag added by certain proportioning enter batch mixer behind the additive and mix.When the waste plastics fragment that is the tealeaves shape when solid slag particulate material such as antiquated sand, slag, slag and shrinkage mixes, these inorganic particulate pellets can be embedded in waste plastics fragment crinkled firmly, not can carry and later operation in sink to the bottom, make the composite quality that finally makes even.The above-mentioned batch mixing that mixes is poured into the composite synthesizer, and waste plastics is plastified and modification, in the progradation of synthesizer, mixes with the inorganic particulate pellet fully, makes each inorganic particulate pellet surface all be coated one deck thermoplastic polymer.Batch mixing is melt into thick extruding under 250 ℃ of temperature.The material of extruding is spread in the metal die, used the forcing press extrusion forming, pressurize is the cool metal mould simultaneously, takes out composite product, and general pressure is 1Mpa-15Mpa, and the dwell time is looked the size of product, and thickness and deciding was generally 5-30 minute.

Composite of the present invention had both kept the intrinsic performance of raw material, possessed not available new capability in the raw material again, can be in application fields Dai Mu, Dai Gang, generation mould, for porcelain etc.This material not only can consume dissimilar discarded objects significantly, resource such as save valuable steel, wood, mould, and also have the very strong market competitiveness.The cost of composite material of waste is than by low many of the first resource cost of adopting, complicated procedures of forming such as choosing, smelting obtains.The invention solves the problem of environmental pollution that solid waste is brought, saved the first resource of various preciousnesses again, also reduced manufacturing cost, have tangible environment, society, economic three big benefits, is one of rare material that possesses environment compatibility.

The specific embodiment

One, raw material

Waste and old agricultural mulching or other plastic refuse about 58%, cast waste sand about 40%, used oil about 2%

Two, technology

1, behind waste and old agricultural mulching or other plastic refuse cleaning-drying, be broken into less than the 15mm surface and be full of the crinkled particle that is the tealeaves shape,

2, will sieve after the cast waste sand fragmentation, general granularity is controlled at below 70 orders,

3, used oil flocculant sedimentation, vacuum filtration, carclazyte adsorption treatment,

4, thermoplastic, cast waste sand, the used oil after will handling mixes, waste residue embed handle overheated plastic waste particle crinkled in,

5, pour above-mentioned raw materials into synthesizer, under 250 ℃ of temperature, extrude,

6, above-mentioned extruded stock is spread in the metal die, extrusion forming, pressure is the 2MPa handkerchief, and the dwell time is 25 minutes, and cooling die takes out composite product.

Three, performance

Bending strength 〉=20MPa

Impact strength 〉=0.1J/cm2

Compression strength 〉=30Mpa

Tensile strength 〉=15Mpa

Elastic modelling quantity 〉=1000Mpa

Water absorption rate＜1%

Density 1.3-1.7g/m3

The artificial accelerated aging time limit＞15 year

Alternate freezing and thawing circulation 25 times

Intensity rate of descent≤10%

Alternation of wetting and drying circulation 25 times

Intensity rate of descent≤10%

Soaked 48 hours in 20% sulfuric acid solution, mass loss is less than 1%

Soaked 48 hours in 20% hydrogen nitrogen solution, mass loss is less than 1%.

※ national natural science fund subsidy project (approval 59965002)

Claims (3)

1, a kind of composite material of waste, include thermoplasticity discarded object, solid slag in the agriculture and industry waste, it is characterized in that this material is made of the thermoplasticity discarded object comprising about 58% 100% agriculture and industry waste, solid slag about 40%, about 2% industrial waste oil.

2, composite material of waste as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described thermoplasticity discarded object is waste plastics, rubber; Solid slag is industrial antiquated sand, waste residue; The miscella that industrial waste oil obtains through sedimentation, filtration and adsorption treatment for useless machinery oil.

3, the preparation method of composite material of waste, concrete steps are:

(1) solid slag screening, fragmentation, the thermoplasticity discarded object enters disintegrating machine, and broken 50-60 minute, making raw material become the surface had crinkled particle, industrial waste oil sedimentation, filtration, absorption;

(2) above-mentioned raw materials after handling is by about 58% thermoplasticity discarded object, about 40% solid slag, the ratio of about 2% industrial waste oil enters batch mixer and mixes, make solid slag after the fragmentation embed the thermoplasticity discarded object particle of handling crinkled in;

(3) above-mentioned raw materials enters synthesizer, extruding with the state of sticky not moulding after the fusion under the 180-250 ℃ of temperature,

(4) above-mentioned raw materials of extruding is spread in the metal pattern, uses the forcing press extrusion forming, and pressure is 1-15Mpa, and the dwell time is 5-30 minute, and cooling die obtains the composite material of waste goods simultaneously.