CN115542393A - Tunneling-following roadway full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction - Google Patents

Tunneling-following roadway full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction Download PDF

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CN115542393A
CN115542393A CN202211254264.0A CN202211254264A CN115542393A CN 115542393 A CN115542393 A CN 115542393A CN 202211254264 A CN202211254264 A CN 202211254264A CN 115542393 A CN115542393 A CN 115542393A
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model
correction
inversion
updating
waveform inversion
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李圣林
张平松
李洁
郭立全
邱实
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a roadway driving full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, constructing a full-waveform inversion initial model, and performing single-scale inversion on the initial model by adopting a multi-scale elastic wave full-waveform inversion method; step 2, carrying out multi-parameter weighted constraint structure correction on the single-scale inversion result to obtain a primary correction result; step 3, based on preset limiting conditions, carrying out one-dimensional wave velocity profile space structure correction and smooth constraint on the primary correction result to obtain a secondary correction result; step 4, taking the secondary correction result as an initial model of the next scale, and continuing to perform full waveform inversion; and (4) repeating the step (2) to the step (4) until all scales of inversion are finished, and obtaining a full waveform inversion result. The method can effectively solve the problems of strong limitation of an observation system, small detection data amount, small offset distance and strong waveform inversion multi-solution in the tunneling-following roadway advanced detection, and improves the inversion effect.

Description

Roadway driving-following full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine exploration imaging, in particular to an along-excavation roadway full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction, and more particularly relates to an along-excavation roadway detection elastic-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter weighting constraint and wave velocity profile space structural correction.
Background
As one of two core links of coal mine production, the development requirement of intelligent tunneling is very urgent, but in the process of tunneling, disasters such as coal and gas outburst, water burst and the like seriously threaten the safety of tunneling production and the personal safety of miners. The geological guarantee technology is the basis of coal intelligent production safety guarantee, is a basic data source for realizing geological prediction, disturbance perception and risk assessment before, during and after tunnel excavation construction, and is a precondition guarantee for implementing all intelligent excavation key technologies.
However, most of the current mine earthquake advanced detection imaging interpretation results are 'arc drawing', many false abnormal interfaces are provided, the imaging precision is low (as shown in figure 1), and the requirement of intelligent roadway tunneling geological guarantee is difficult to meet.
The full waveform inversion method can fully utilize the kinematics and the dynamics characteristics of seismic waves to obtain the parameter information of the underground model, has the advantages of high imaging precision of complex structures, good physical parameter inversion effect and the like, has good application effect in surface seismic exploration, is the optimal selection of advanced detection imaging of mine seismic in the future, and can meet the requirements of intelligent tunneling geological guarantee of a roadway. However, the earthquake advanced detection mode is different from the earth surface detection, the limitation of an observation system is strong, a series of linearly arranged shot points and wave detection points are only distributed on a central line behind a tunneling head, the abnormal body in front of the tunneling is similar to single offset detection, and the quantity of the distributed shot points and wave detection points is limited by a detection space, so that the detection mode has small data quantity and small offset, the multi-solution of full waveform inversion is enhanced, and the calculation error of physical property parameters is increased.
Therefore, how to provide a high-precision full-waveform inversion method suitable for a mine roadway detection mode along with excavation is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a roadway driving full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structure correction, which combines multi-parameter weighting constraint and wave velocity profile space structure correction, effectively solves the problems of strong limitation of an observation system, small detection data amount, small offset distance and strong waveform inversion multi-solution in roadway advance detection, improves the inversion effect, and realizes high-precision imaging of an abnormal geological structure in the front of driving.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a roadway driving full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structure correction comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting theoretical simulation data or actual measurement general roadway seismic lead data, constructing a full-waveform inversion initial model, and performing single-scale inversion on the initial model by adopting a multi-scale elastic wave full-waveform inversion method;
step 2, carrying out multi-parameter weighted constraint structure correction on the single-scale inversion result obtained in the step 1 to obtain a primary correction result;
step 3, based on preset limiting conditions, carrying out one-dimensional wave velocity profile space structure correction and smooth constraint on the primary correction result to obtain a secondary correction result;
step 4, taking the secondary correction result obtained in the step 3 as an initial model of the next scale, and continuing to perform full waveform inversion according to the mode of the step 1;
and 5, repeatedly executing the step 2 to the step 4 until all scales of inversion are finished, and obtaining a full waveform inversion result of the roadway advanced detection elastic wave.
Further, in step 2, correcting the multi-parameter weighting constraint structure according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003889167100000021
wherein, Δ m is the updating amount of the single iteration model; Δ m' corrected for multi-parameter weighting structureThe amount of model updates; m is an initial model; i and j respectively represent the positions of the grid nodes in the z and x directions; m is i,j p The parameter values of the positions of the nodes of the i, j grids of the initial model are single parameters of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity or density; nz is the number of model vertical grid points, nx is the number of model horizontal grid points; v p Is the longitudinal wave velocity; v s Is the transverse wave velocity; den is the density.
Further, in step 3, the preset limiting conditions are:
setting a first limiting condition according to actual needs, wherein the first limiting condition takes the spatial correction lower limit value as a judgment basis, and updating the model with the value lower than the spatial correction lower limit value
Figure BDA0003889167100000031
Pressing to 0;
and setting a second limiting condition according to actual needs, wherein the second limiting condition takes the range of the structural correction area and the distance between the areas as a judgment basis, when the model updating amount is a negative value area, both sides of the area have an updating amount which is a positive value area, or when the model updating amount is a positive value area, both sides of the area have an updating amount which is a negative value area, and when the area range and the distance between the areas meet the second limiting condition, the model updating amount in the positive value area existing on both sides of the negative value area or the negative value area existing on both sides of the positive value area is suppressed to be 1/5 of the original model updating value.
Further, step 3 comprises:
301, selecting a grid coordinate y of a longitudinal axis i Extracting one-dimensional wave velocity profile along the axis of the tunnel
Figure BDA0003889167100000032
Wherein x is a horizontal axis coordinate;
step 302, calculating a one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure BDA0003889167100000033
Corresponding model update amount
Figure BDA0003889167100000034
And slope of
Figure BDA0003889167100000035
Step 303, updating the model below the value of the lower value of the spatial correction limit
Figure BDA0003889167100000036
Pressing to 0 to obtain corrected model update amount
Figure BDA0003889167100000037
Step 304, updating the quantity according to the corrected model
Figure BDA0003889167100000038
Judging and correcting each grid point on the two-dimensional wave velocity profile one by one according to the limiting conditions to obtain the corrected model updating amount
Figure BDA0003889167100000039
Step 305, updating quantity according to corrected model
Figure BDA00038891671000000310
And slope
Figure BDA00038891671000000311
Judging each grid point on the one-dimensional wave velocity profile one by one according to the change condition of the slope sign to obtain the corrected model update quantity
Figure BDA00038891671000000312
Step 306, updating the quantity according to the corrected model
Figure BDA00038891671000000313
Calculating a corrected one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure BDA00038891671000000314
Step 307, take down a grid coordinate y of the vertical axis i+1 And repeating the step 302 to the step 306 until the correction of all the grid one-dimensional wave velocity profiles is completed, and obtaining a secondary correction result after the space structure correction and the smoothing constraint of the one-dimensional wave velocity profiles.
Further, step 305 includes:
when two points with zero model updating quantity exist between three adjacent points with changed slope symbols, the model updating quantity symbols of grid points before and after the two points are changed, and no point with 0 slope exists between the two points, the model updating quantity of the grid points in the area between the three adjacent points with changed slope symbols is corrected to be the average value of the model updating quantities of the two points of the first slope symbol changing point and the third slope symbol changing point, and the corrected model updating quantity is obtained
Figure BDA0003889167100000041
Then according to the updated quantity of the corrected model
Figure BDA0003889167100000042
Continuously correcting, when the sign of the model updating quantity of all the grid points in the range between two nonadjacent points with the changed slope sign is not changed, correcting the model updating quantity of the grid points in the region between the two changed slope sign points, changing the model updating quantity into the average value of the model updating quantity of all the grid points in the region, and obtaining the corrected model updating quantity
Figure BDA0003889167100000043
Further, the inversion result in step 5 includes: longitudinal wave inversion results, shear wave inversion results and density inversion results.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a method for inverting the full waveform of the roadway along with the excavation based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts an elastic wave full waveform inversion method, utilizes longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density parameters in observation records, and can obtain more accurate underground medium information than acoustic wave full waveform inversion.
(2) According to the invention, through carrying out multi-parameter weighted constraint structure correction and one-dimensional wave velocity profile space structure correction and smooth constraint on the inversion result under a single scale, twice correction is carried out, high-precision imaging of the abnormal geological structure in front of roadway excavation is realized, the position and the occurrence of a geological abnormal body can be accurately judged by the imaging result, and the blank of full waveform inversion technology in the field of mine advanced detection is filled.
(3) The inversion strategy of the invention not only provides an initial model with higher precision for the next-scale inversion, but also avoids the problem of excessive aggravation of multiple iteration false anomalies, and the false anomalies are eliminated by structural correction, so that the direction of the full waveform inversion is restrained.
(4) The method basically solves the problems of small detection data volume, small offset distance and strong waveform inversion multi-solution in the advance detection of the roadway, improves the inversion effect, and improves the full waveform inversion accuracy by about 20 percent.
(5) The invention can improve the inversion accuracy without increasing the calculation amount of full waveform inversion.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a conventional mine seismic advanced survey imaging result provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for full waveform inversion of detection elastic waves along with a roadway driving provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the determination of the update amount and slope change of the one-dimensional wave velocity profile model according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an initial model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a complex advanced geological theoretical model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating inversion results obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a full waveform inversion result of a conventional time domain multi-scale elastic wave.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for performing full waveform inversion along with a roadway based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting theoretical simulation data or actual measurement conventional roadway seismic advanced detection data, constructing a full-waveform inversion initial model (as shown in figure 4), and performing single-scale inversion on the initial model by adopting a multi-scale elastic wave full-waveform inversion method; the inversion includes three sets of parameters, namely a compressional velocity model, a shear velocity model, and a density model.
Step 2, correcting the single-scale inversion result obtained in the step 1 by a multi-parameter weighting constraint structure to obtain a primary correction result;
step 3, based on preset limiting conditions, carrying out one-dimensional wave velocity profile space structure correction and smooth constraint on the primary correction result to obtain a secondary correction result;
step 4, taking the secondary correction result obtained in the step 3 as an initial model of the next scale, and continuing to perform full waveform inversion according to the mode of the step 1;
and 5, repeatedly executing the step 2 to the step 4 until all scales of inversion are finished, and obtaining a full waveform inversion result of the roadway advanced detection elastic wave. The inversion results include: longitudinal wave inversion results, shear wave inversion results and density inversion results.
In the invention, the seismic sources are distributed in the middle of the coal seam, a plurality of detectors with horizontal components and vertical components are linearly arranged with the seismic sources and are also distributed in the middle of the coal seam to receive seismic signals, and an inversion initial model is set according to the condition of a uniform layered coal system stratum medium.
Due to the fact that the tunnel is used for detecting special observation system conditions in advance, the multi-solution problem of the conventional time domain multi-scale elastic wave full waveform inversion method is enhanced, and inversion accuracy is difficult to further improve from a data angle. According to the invention, from the model structure, the special structural characteristics implied by geological abnormal bodies in the roadway advanced detection full waveform inversion result are found, the correction term is constructed according to the structural characteristics, the direction of full waveform inversion is constrained, the inversion result meeting the preset structural characteristics is obtained, and the inversion effect is improved.
The discovered special structural characteristics of the geological anomalous body in the tunnel advanced detection elastic wave full waveform inversion result are as follows:
(1) For the recovery of abnormal geological structures, the inversion effect of density parameters is best, and the suppression effect of false abnormality and disturbance interference in longitudinal and transverse wave parameters is better;
(2) Longitudinal, transverse and density waves have the same geologic structure characteristics, although they have large differences in physical parameters;
(3) False abnormal regions opposite to the attribute characteristics of the false abnormal regions exist near the boundaries on the two sides of the abnormal geological structure;
(4) The horizontal speed-depth curve of the grid points in the vertical direction has W or M type abnormal characteristics, and the update sign of the middle range model of the W or M area is opposite to the update sign of the range models on the two sides;
(5) The transverse velocity-depth curve of the grid points in the vertical direction in the large-volume structure has the characteristic of 'wavy lines', and the 'wavy lines' relate to consistent model updating signs in a range.
Based on the found characteristics, the inversion result is corrected for multiple times by introducing multi-parameter weighting constraint and one-dimensional wave velocity profile space structure correction, the problems of small detection data amount, small offset distance and strong waveform inversion multi-solution in roadway advanced detection can be effectively solved, the inversion effect is improved, and high-precision imaging of the abnormal geological structure in the front of the excavation is realized.
Next, the correction method in step 2 and step 3 will be described in detail.
In a specific embodiment, in step 2, the multi-parameter weighted constraint structure is corrected according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003889167100000071
wherein, Δ m is the updating amount of the single iteration model (i.e. the variation between the current iteration and the last iteration model); Δ m' is the model update amount after the multi-parameter weighting structure correction; m is an initial model; i and j respectively represent the positions of the grid nodes in the z and x directions; m is i,j p The parameter values of the positions of the nodes of the i, j grids of the initial model are single parameters of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity or density; nz is the number of vertical grids of the model, and nx is the number of horizontal grids of the model; v p Is the velocity of the longitudinal wave; v s Is the transverse wave velocity; den is density
In one embodiment, in step 3, the preset limiting conditions are:
the first limiting condition takes the value of the lower limit of the spatial correction as a judgment basis, and updates the model with the value lower than the value of the lower limit of the spatial correction
Figure BDA0003889167100000072
Pressing to 0; in practical application, the autonomous setting is carried out according to the data processing effect, and is generally determined through experiments before formal inversion. For example, the value is set to less than 5% of the initial model parameters.
And the second limiting condition takes the structural correction area range and the distance between the areas as a judgment basis, when the model updating amount is a negative value area, an updating amount is a positive value area on both sides of the area, or when the model updating amount is a positive value area on both sides of the area, the updating amount is a negative value area on both sides of the area, and when the distance between the area range and the area meets the second limiting condition, the model updating amount in the positive value area on both sides of the negative value area or the negative value area on both sides of the positive value area is suppressed to be 1/5 of the original model updating value.
Wherein, the "distance between the regions" means: when both sides of the negative value area have an updating amount which is a positive value area, the distance between the positive value area at one side and the negative value area at the middle part is the distance between the positive value area at one side and the negative value area at the middle part; or the following steps: when both sides of the positive value area of the update amount have negative value areas of the update amount, the distance between the negative value area on one side and the positive value area in the middle is increased.
"area range" means: when there is a positive value area on both sides of the negative value area, the range of the single-side positive value area is as follows: when there is a region where the update amount is negative on both sides of the region where the update amount is positive, the range of the "negative region" on one side is large.
The extent of the regions and the distance between the regions are generally determined by experiments prior to formal inversion. For example: "area range: when the updating amount is a positive value area on both sides of the negative value area, the range size of the single-side positive value area cannot be smaller than 1/2 of the range of the middle positive value area.
"distance between regions": when the updating amount is a positive value area on both sides of the negative value area, the distance between the single positive value area and the middle negative value area cannot be larger than the size of the middle negative value area.
Specifically, step 3 includes:
301, selecting a grid coordinate y of a longitudinal axis i Extracting one-dimensional wave velocity profile along the axis of the tunnel
Figure BDA0003889167100000081
Wherein x is a horizontal axis coordinate;
step 302, calculate a one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure BDA0003889167100000082
Corresponding model update amount
Figure BDA0003889167100000083
And slope
Figure BDA0003889167100000084
Wherein, the model updating amount is as follows:
Figure BDA0003889167100000085
Figure BDA0003889167100000086
is a one-dimensional wave velocity profile at the e-th iteration,
Figure BDA0003889167100000087
is the one-dimensional wave velocity profile at the e-1 st iteration.
Slope:
Figure BDA0003889167100000088
Figure BDA0003889167100000089
is a one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure BDA00038891671000000810
The value of the jth grid point in the lateral direction,
Figure BDA00038891671000000811
is a one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure BDA00038891671000000812
The value of the j-1 horizontal grid point, dx is the model horizontal grid distance.
Step 303, updating the model below the value of the lower value of the spatial correction limit
Figure BDA00038891671000000813
Performing suppression to become 0 to obtain the corrected model update amount
Figure BDA00038891671000000814
Step 304, updating the quantity according to the corrected model
Figure BDA00038891671000000815
Judging and correcting each grid point on the two-dimensional wave velocity profile one by one according to the limiting conditions to obtain the corrected model updating amount
Figure BDA00038891671000000816
Step 305, updating amount according to corrected model
Figure BDA00038891671000000817
And slope
Figure BDA00038891671000000818
Judging each grid point on the one-dimensional wave velocity profile one by one according to the change condition of the slope sign to obtain the corrected model update quantity
Figure BDA00038891671000000819
When two points (as shown in fig. 3) with zero model update quantity exist between three adjacent points with changed slope signs, the model update quantity signs of the grid points before and after the two points change, and no point with 0 slope exists between the two points, the model update quantity of the grid point in the region between the three adjacent points with changed slope signs is corrected to become the average value of the model update quantities of the two points at the first slope sign change point and the third slope sign change point, and the corrected model update quantity is obtained
Figure BDA0003889167100000091
Then according to the updated quantity of the corrected model
Figure BDA0003889167100000092
The correction is continued and the correction is continued,when the model updating quantity symbols of all grid points in the range between two nonadjacent points with changed slope symbols are not changed, correcting the model updating quantity of the grid points in the region between the two changed slope symbols to obtain the average value of the model updating quantity of all grid points in the region, and obtaining the corrected model updating quantity
Figure BDA0003889167100000093
In order to control the correction range, search determination is performed according to a set limit value of the area range. That is, the maximum correction range is controlled, for example, to be set to 10 grid points, and the "search determination is performed according to the set area range limit" is to sequentially search for 10 grid points in one turn.
Step 306, updating the quantity according to the corrected model
Figure BDA0003889167100000094
Calculating a corrected one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure BDA0003889167100000095
Step 307, take the grid coordinate y of the next vertical axis i+1 And repeating the step 302 to the step 306 until the correction of all the grid one-dimensional wave velocity profiles is completed, and obtaining a secondary correction result after the spatial structure correction and the smoothing constraint of the one-dimensional wave velocity profiles.
In order to further verify the effectiveness and the high efficiency of the tunnel-along-excavation exploration elastic wave full waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter weighting constraint and wave velocity profile space structure correction, the scheme provided by the invention is used in a complex advanced geological theoretical model (figure 5), and the inversion result is obtained as shown in figure 6.
Comparing fig. 6 and 7, it can be seen that the full waveform inversion result obtained by the present invention is closer to the real model, taking the conventional time domain multi-scale elastic wave full waveform inversion result (as shown in fig. 7) as the comparison study object. The boundaries of two sides of the structure of the collapse column and the fault fracture zone in the inversion result are clear, the recovery of the internal parameters of the structure is good, and the lithologic boundary of the small-size fault layer is recovered and displayed; most obviously, the false abnormity and disturbance interference in the result are basically completely suppressed, and the inversion accuracy is greatly improved. And the numerical difference degree of the inversion result and the real model is compared, so that the full waveform inversion precision is improved by about 20%.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (6)

1. A roadway driving full-waveform inversion method based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, inputting theoretical simulation data or actual measurement conventional roadway seismic advanced detection data, constructing a full-waveform inversion initial model, and performing single-scale inversion on the initial model by adopting a multi-scale elastic wave full-waveform inversion method;
step 2, carrying out multi-parameter weighted constraint structure correction on the single-scale inversion result obtained in the step 1 to obtain a primary correction result;
step 3, based on preset limiting conditions, carrying out one-dimensional wave velocity profile space structure correction and smooth constraint on the primary correction result to obtain a secondary correction result;
step 4, taking the secondary correction result obtained in the step 3 as an initial model of the next scale, and continuing to perform full waveform inversion according to the mode of the step 1;
and 5, repeatedly executing the step 2 to the step 4 until all scales are inverted, and obtaining a full waveform inversion result of the roadway advanced detection elastic wave.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the multiparameter weighted constraint structure correction is performed according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003889167090000011
wherein, Δ m is the updating amount of the single iteration model; Δ m' is the model update amount after the multi-parameter weighting structure correction; m is an initial model; i and j respectively represent the positions of the grid nodes in the z and x directions; m is a unit of i,j p Parameter values of the positions of nodes of an i, j grid of a single parameter initial model of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity or density are obtained; nz is the number of model vertical grid points, nx is the number of model horizontal grid points; v p Is the velocity of the longitudinal wave; v s Is the transverse wave velocity; den is the density.
3. The method for performing full waveform inversion along with the roadway based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the preset limiting conditions are as follows:
setting a first limiting condition according to actual needs, wherein the first limiting condition takes the spatial correction lower limit value as a judgment basis, and the model update amount lower than the spatial correction lower limit value is set
Figure FDA0003889167090000021
Pressing to become 0;
and setting a second limiting condition according to actual needs, wherein the second limiting condition takes the range of the structural correction area and the distance between the areas as a judgment basis, when the model updating amount is a negative value area, both sides of the area have an updating amount which is a positive value area, or when the model updating amount is a positive value area, both sides of the area have an updating amount which is a negative value area, and when the area range and the distance between the areas meet the second limiting condition, the model updating amount in the positive value area existing on both sides of the negative value area or the negative value area existing on both sides of the positive value area is suppressed to be 1/5 of the original model updating value.
4. The method for full waveform inversion along with the roadway based on multi-parameter constraint and structure correction as recited in claim 2, wherein the step 3 comprises:
301, selecting a grid coordinate y of a longitudinal axis i Extracting one-dimensional wave velocity profile along the axis of the tunnel
Figure FDA0003889167090000022
Wherein x is a horizontal axis coordinate;
step 302, calculate a one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure FDA0003889167090000023
Corresponding model update amount
Figure FDA0003889167090000024
And slope
Figure FDA0003889167090000025
Step 303, updating the model below the value of the lower value of the spatial correction limit
Figure FDA0003889167090000026
Pressing to 0 to obtain corrected model update amount
Figure FDA0003889167090000027
Step 304, updating the quantity according to the corrected model
Figure FDA0003889167090000028
Judging and correcting each grid point on the two-dimensional wave velocity profile one by one according to the limiting conditions to obtain the corrected model updating amount
Figure FDA0003889167090000029
Step 305, updating quantity according to corrected model
Figure FDA00038891670900000210
And slope of
Figure FDA00038891670900000211
Judging each grid point on the one-dimensional wave velocity profile one by one according to the change condition of the slope symbol to obtain the corrected model updating amount
Figure FDA00038891670900000212
Step 306, updating the quantity according to the corrected model
Figure FDA00038891670900000213
Calculating the corrected one-dimensional wave velocity profile
Figure FDA00038891670900000214
Step 307, take down a grid coordinate y of the vertical axis i+1 And repeating the step 302 to the step 306 until the correction of all the grid one-dimensional wave velocity profiles is completed, and obtaining a secondary correction result after the spatial structure correction and the smoothing constraint of the one-dimensional wave velocity profiles.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step 305 comprises:
when two points with zero model updating quantity exist between three adjacent points with changed slope symbols, the symbols of the model updating quantity of grid points before and after the two points occurAnd if the two points are not provided with the point with the slope of 0, correcting the model updating amount of the grid point in the area between the three adjacent points with the changed slope sign to obtain the average value of the model updating amounts of the two points of the first slope sign change point and the third slope sign change point, and obtaining the corrected model updating amount
Figure FDA0003889167090000031
Then according to the updated quantity of the corrected model
Figure FDA0003889167090000032
Continuing to correct, when the signs of the model updating quantities of all the grid points in the range between two nonadjacent points with changed slope signs are not changed, correcting the model updating quantities of the grid points in the region between the two slope sign change points, changing the model updating quantities into the average value of the model updating quantities of all the grid points in the region, and obtaining the corrected model updating quantities
Figure FDA0003889167090000033
6. The method for performing full waveform inversion along with the roadway based on multi-parameter constraint and structural correction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inversion result in step 5 comprises: longitudinal wave inversion results, shear wave inversion results and density inversion results.
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