CN105386756B - A method of brittle formation porosity is calculated using dependent variable - Google Patents
A method of brittle formation porosity is calculated using dependent variable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, structure interpretation is carried out to brittle formation, tomography first, Depth Domain geological model is established using explanation data, then the cumulative dependent variable of brittle formation is calculated by three-dimensional paleostructure restoration methods, the rock elastic parameter of brittle formation is sought using drilling extracting core test, the fracture porosity of brittle formation is calculated according to dependent variable-elasticity mechanics parameter of foundation-fracture porosity relational expression, and be corrected using core porosity, work out porosity flat distribution map.The present invention improves the precision of prediction of brittle formation porosity, and method is simple, has a good application prospect improving oil-gas reservoir probing success rate, avoiding construction risk and improve efficiency aspect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum and gas geology and exploration processing method fields, especially relate to a kind of application dependent variable calculating brittleness
The method of formation porosity.
Background technique
A large amount of exploration practices show that hole and crack in brittle formation are the main thoroughfares of oil and gas flow and preserve sky
Between, therefore formation porosity size and the type oil reservoir have close relationship.To the calculating domestic and foreign scholars of formation porosity
Carried out more exploration, substantially can method can be divided into three classes, i.e., porosity calculation method based on well logging is based on earthquake and geology
The calculation method of statistics, and the porosity calculation method based on structural ge nesis.Fracture porosity calculating based on well logging has two
A approach, first is that using dual laterolog material computation, such as Li Shan army etc. applies the bilaterally Numerical-Mode based on flat plate model
The quasi- computation model (Li Shanjun, 1996) for having derived fracture porosity, but due to the fracture porosity size bilaterally calculated
It is contacted with resistivity value size in the presence of very big, therefore reduces section in the resistivity as caused by non-crack factor, using bilaterally
There are still larger problem (Zhao Hui, 2012) when calculating fracture porosity.Another is to utilize small-scale resistance spot welding data
It calculates, description and quantitative assessment Reservoir Fracture, hole that this method can be fine, but since imaging logging is with high costs, limit
Its application range is made.In addition to this, the formation pore at well point can only be obtained using the method that well logging calculates formation porosity
Angle value, and to the stratum except well point, especially when stratum mean value cross directional variations are big, then it can not accurately speculate formation pore
Degree.And the method that formation porosity is calculated based on seismic data, it is influenced by seismic data resolution, precision of prediction and accuracy
It is universal not high.
Since formation porosity is influenced by deposition, diagenesis and tectonism, for brittle formation, construction is made
Made to generate a large amount of secondary fracture and hole in rock with caused stratum deformation, becoming influences brittle formation porosity size
Principal element.And studying confirms, the behavior and rock elasticity of rock deformation and rock generation secondary fracture and hole (rupture)
There are close relationships between mechanical property.From the 1970s, Brady and Duvall (1973), Jeager and cook
(1976), Brace and Kohlstedt (1980) and He etc. (1990) etc. are successively to all processes of rock rupture behavior, development
Stage, curvilinear motion and related mechanics physical phenomenon have carried out experiment, have inquired into and summarize, and domestic scholars Pueraria lobota is peaceful (2004),
Zhang Xuenian (2011) etc. is also studied to rock rupture behavior and its with the relationship of rock elastic parameter, is found in rock
In the single shaft of stone and three axis breaking tests, rock generally undergo closing of fracture compaction deformation, hole deflation flexible deformation, microcosmic splits
It splits extension and gross fracture develops four-stage.Based on above to rock deformation and be broken into because understanding, have scholar in number
On the basis of value simulation tectonic stress field, the mathematical model between stress-rock elastic parameter-fracture parameters is established,
The hole infiltration property (porosity, permeability) of brittle formation is retouched by calculating crack relevant parameter (fracture spacing, aperture etc.)
It states.Such as Deng Pan (2006) is quasi- according to griffith criterion and coulomb-mole rupture by numerical simulation three dimensional tectonic stress field
Then, the relationship of stress field Yu gash fracture rate is established；Town Ji Zong etc. (2010) is pushed away from conservation of energy angle before and after rock deformation
Led stress, fracture faces energy, rock elastic parameter and fracture parameters (fracture aperture, fracture porosity, permeability) it
Between relational expression.However, by the process of Finite Element Method Numerical Simulation tectonic stress field, need to construct reasonable geological model and
Reasonable boundary active force is assigned, since the understanding to old tectonic situation, model boundary load has very strong subjectivity, and
The problems such as contradiction between simplified model and complex geologic body, affect the confidence level of the crack relevant parameter predicted.
On the other hand, rock can deform under stress, be known as straining with the change rate of original size after deformation.
It is generally believed that secondary structure crack and hole in the bigger stratum of dependent variable are more developed for brittle formation, the hole infiltration property on stratum
Better.For example, Folding Deformation occurs after passing fault is transferred for upper disk stratum during structural deformation, and it is secondary to transfer through passing fault
Number is more, and the cumulative strain of acquisition is bigger, and crack is often more developed, such as the front wing of fold, anticline axial plane position (He Dengfa,
2005).With the raising of construction Renew theory improved with computer performance, it can be constructed by three-dimensional restore software at present,
Such as Geosec-3D, 3DMove, the form before renwing stratum deformation, the change of front and back area or volume is deformed according to stratigraphic unit
Rate is sought straining, and according to strain distributing disciplinarian qualitative evaluation fracture intensity.Such as Guan Wensheng etc. (2009) application
3DMove has carried out construction recovery to the southern Carbonate Burial Hill of wheel and dependent variable is sought, and the big position of discovery dependent variable often corresponds to
Crack is compared with development area；Guan Shuwei etc. (2010) establishes surface model and body Model on Gocad platform, utilizes 3-d recovery plug-in unit
Carry out construction to restore, obtains the diagram of strains on stratum；Han Bo etc. (2013) is based on three-dimensional construction recovery technology to intrusion
Rock mass carries out dependent variable and seeks, and predicts development degree of micro cracks in oil.However, seeking the side of stratum strain amount by three-dimensional construction recovery
Method, can only fracture development and earth bore seep property and do qualitative description, and be unable to quantitative scoring and calculate the fracture parameters such as fracture porosity,
It is had not been reported by the method that dependent variable seeks fracture porosity.
The present invention is in view of the above problems, propose a kind of method for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is
Restoration methods are constructed by three-dimensional and seek stratum strain amount, and set up dependent variable, rock bullet according to rock elasticity Deformation Theory
Property mechanics parameter and fracture porosity relational expression, calculate fracture porosity, and be corrected to it using core porosity,
The final porosity flat distribution map for obtaining brittle formation.This method precision of prediction is high, simple and easy to do, is improving oil-gas reservoir probing
Success rate is avoided construction risk and is had a good application prospect in terms of improving efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, theoretical according to rock physics, builds
Vertical brittle formation rock rupture model, derives dependent variable-porosity relational expression, constructs using three-dimensional and restores software 3Dmove
Stratum strain amount is calculated, in conjunction with brittle formation rock elastic parameter, simple and fast calculates brittle formation crack hole
Porosity reduces the purpose of input cost to reach the accuracy and precision that improve prediction brittle formation porosity.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical measures to realize:
A method of brittle formation porosity is calculated using dependent variable, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, by analyzing the geologic setting of brittle formation region, brittle formation fracture development is determined mainly
Matter period, using three dimensional seismic data and drilling well, log data, manufacturing artificial synthetic seismogram, to determine that brittle formation is split
Seam develops stratum corresponding to main geologic period and brittle formation axis in the same direction corresponding on seismic data cube, carries out to it
Tracking, which is explained, obtains time-domain stratum, and explains the layer data with above-mentioned time-domain stratum meet；
Step 2, Depth Domain geological model is established using the time-domain stratum of explanation and layer data；
Step 3, the dependent variable ε of brittle formation is calculated, if referring to the grid spacing defined in x-direction and y-direction in step 2
Respectively a, b, then the area A of each triangle gridding after stratum deformationi=(a × b)/2, after construction restores correspondingly
The area B of the initial each triangle gridding of layeri=(a ' × b ')/2, then each triangle gridding after corresponding stratum deformation
Dependent variable εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi；
Step 4, the elasticity mechanics parameter of brittle formation rock at certain wellbore: springform is measured using triaxial stress tester
Measure (E) and internal friction angle
Step 5, the fracture porosity Φ of brittle formation is calculated using following formula:
Wherein,
ε is stratum strain amount, and E is elasticity modulus,For internal friction angle, ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is gravity
Acceleration (9.8Kg/N), h ' are brittle formation Gu buried depth；
Step 6, calculated fracture porosity Φ is corrected using the drilling well at wellbore, log data, is obtained crisp
The porosity flat distribution map on property stratum.
Above scheme further comprises:
Three dimensional seismic data described in step 1 refers to the ground by pre-stack time migration processing or time migration after stack processing
Shake data；Described is tracked explanation to brittle formation, usually in Geoframe or Landmark solution release system, utilizes
Existing drilling well, log data carry out fine calibration, identify that the transverse direction carried out after axis in the same direction corresponding to brittle formation chases after
Track is explained；
Depth domain model is established using the time-domain stratum and layer data explained described in step 2, is referred to using three-dimensional
Construction restores software, selects data format, selects the time-domain stratum to be imported and layer data, X is defined in interval
Grid spacing on direction and Y-direction selects time and depth transfer module, inputs time and depth transfer parameter, establishes Depth Domain geological model.
The dependent variable ε of calculating brittle formation described in step 3 refers to and restores software 3Dmove, selection using three-dimensional construction
Brittle formation data, the area A of each triangle gridding after calculating stratum deformationi；Select layer data, disk stratum in selection
Data and lower wall formation data obtain the ancient buried depth h ' in brittle formation fracture development period, and it is right after construction restores to calculate
The area B of the initial each triangle gridding in the stratum answeredi, while according to εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi, calculate corresponding stratum deformation
The dependent variable ε of each triangle gridding afterwardsi。
The elasticity mechanics parameter of brittle formation rock at certain wellbore is measured described in step 4 using triaxial stress tester,
Refer to the core for taking brittle formation crack agensis well section, and combine the geologic setting of brittle formation, estimates brittle formation crack
The formation average denstiy of developmental stage, and the ancient buried depth h ' in the brittle formation fracture development period sought in applying step 3, and root
Brittle formation Gu lithostatic pressure (P) range is calculated according to following formula
P=ρ gh '
ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is acceleration of gravity (9.8Kg/N), and h ' is brittle formation Gu buried depth
It takes ancient lithostatic pressure intermediate value for test confining pressure, loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To test confining pressure, protect
Hold σ1、σ2It is constant, gradually unload σ3It is ruptured to rock, the curves of stress-strain relationship of brittle formation core is drawn, according to E
=σ/ε, i.e. elastic modulus E are the slope of load-deformation curve, and calculating acquires brittle formation elastic modulus of rock；Change test
Confining pressure (test confining pressure is within the scope of ancient lithostatic pressure), loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To test confining pressure, keep
σ1、σ2It is constant, gradually unload σ3It is ruptured to rock, tests different σ1It is worth σ when lower rock rupture3Value, draw Mohr's circle and
Mohr's envelope, Mohr's envelope and horizontal angle are the internal friction angle of brittle formation core
Calculated fracture porosity Φ is corrected using the drilling well at wellbore, log data described in step 6, is
Refer to the related coefficient that the fracture porosity calculated in drilling well, well logging actual measurement porosity and step 5 is calculated using formula of correlation coefficient,
If related coefficient be less than a certain given threshold, repeat step 1~5, if related coefficient be greater than a certain given threshold, using instead away from
The fracture porosity varying calculated in step 5 is corrected from weighted correction method.
It is of the invention that more optimized the technical scheme comprises the following steps:
Step 1, by analyzing the geologic setting of brittle formation region, brittle formation fracture development is determined mainly
Matter period, using three dimensional seismic data and drilling well, log data, manufacturing artificial synthetic seismogram, to determine that brittle formation is split
Seam develops stratum corresponding to main geologic period and brittle formation axis in the same direction corresponding on seismic data cube, carries out to it
Tracking, which is explained, obtains time-domain stratum, and explains the layer data with above-mentioned time-domain stratum meet；
The three dimensional seismic data refers to the earthquake money by pre-stack time migration processing or time migration after stack processing
Material；
Described is tracked explanation to brittle formation, usually in Geoframe or Landmark solution release system, benefit
Fine calibration is carried out with the well log interpretation achievement of existing drilling well, identifies the cross carried out after axis in the same direction corresponding to brittle formation
It is explained to tracking；
Step 2, Depth Domain geological model is established using the time-domain stratum of explanation and layer data；
Described establishes depth domain model using the time-domain stratum and layer data explained, refers to extensive using three-dimensional construction
Multiple software 3Dmove, clicks File in 3Dmove menu column, clicks Import, selects data format Ascii, and selection is wanted
The time-domain stratum of importing and layer data click Create Surfaces, click OK.Edit is clicked in menu bar, is clicked
Resample selects Grid, the grid spacing in x-direction and y-direction is defined in interval.It is clicked in menu bar
Operation selects time and depth transfer module Depth Conversion, clicks Time- > Depth, clicks Depth Time
Function selects Exponential, inputs time and depth transfer parameter, clicks Apply, establishes Depth Domain geological model.
Step 3, the dependent variable e of brittle formation is calculated；
The dependent variable ε of the calculating brittle formation, if referring to the grid spacing defined in x-direction and y-direction in step 2
Respectively a, b, then the area A of each triangle gridding after stratum deformationi=(a × b)/2, after construction restores correspondingly
The area B of the initial each triangle gridding of layeri=(a ' × b ')/2, then each triangle gridding after corresponding stratum deformation
Dependent variable εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi。
The dependent variable ε of the calculating brittle formation refers to and restores software 3Dmove using three-dimensional construction, in menu bar point
Analysis is hit, Strain is clicked, selects brittle formation data, Apply is clicked in Strain Analysis window, calculates
The area A of each triangle gridding after stratum deformationi.Restoration is clicked in menu bar, selects Move On Fault, choosing
Inclined Shear algorithm is selected, selects selection layer data on the column Fault, selects with the going up disk number of plies on the column Hanging wall
According to.It Variable Heave is selected, clicks Heave band in Heave Editor window, clicks Create, disk in selection
Layer data and lower wall formation data click Apply, click start in Inclined Shear window and carry out construction recovery, obtain
The ancient buried depth h ' in brittle formation fracture development period.Apply is clicked in Strain Analysis window, is calculated by construction
The area B of the initial each triangle gridding in corresponding stratum after recoveryi, while according to εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi, calculate corresponding
The dependent variable ε of each triangle gridding after stratum deformationi。
Step 4, the elasticity mechanics parameter of brittle formation rock at certain wellbore is measured using triaxial stress tester；
The elasticity mechanics parameter that brittle formation rock at certain wellbore is measured using triaxial stress tester, is referred to and is taken
The core of brittle formation crack agensis well section, and the geologic setting of brittle formation is combined, when estimating brittle formation fracture development
The formation average denstiy of phase, and the ancient buried depth h ' in the brittle formation fracture development period sought in applying step 3, and according to following
Ancient lithostatic pressure (P) range of formula calculating brittle formation
P=ρ gh '
ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is acceleration of gravity (9.8Kg/N), and h ' is brittle formation Gu buried depth
It takes ancient lithostatic pressure intermediate value for test confining pressure, loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To test confining pressure, protect
Hold σ1、σ2It is constant, gradually unload σ3It is ruptured to rock, the curves of stress-strain relationship of brittle formation core is drawn, according to E
=σ/ε, i.e. elastic modulus E are the slope of load-deformation curve, and calculating acquires brittle formation elastic modulus of rock；Change test
Confining pressure (test confining pressure is within the scope of ancient lithostatic pressure), loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To test confining pressure, keep
σ1、σ2It is constant, gradually unload σ3It is ruptured to rock, tests different σ1It is worth σ when lower rock rupture3Value, draw Mohr's circle and
Mohr's envelope, Mohr's envelope and horizontal angle are the internal friction angle of brittle formation core
Step 5, the fracture porosity Φ of brittle formation is calculated using following formula:
Wherein,
ε is stratum strain amount, and E is elasticity modulus,For internal friction angle, ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is gravity
Acceleration (9.8Kg/N), h ' are brittle formation Gu buried depth.
In the step 5, using the mathematical model established based on rock physics, according to rock mechanics basic theory, to push away
Brittle formation dependent variable and porosity relational expression are exported, specific derivation process is as follows:
(1) according to the rule of the stress-strain of RUPTURE EXPERIMENTS OF BRITTLE ROCKS (peaceful according to Pueraria lobota, 2004), following mathematical modulo is established
Type: assuming that the initial volume before rock deformation is V1, stress reaches the rock strength limit (σc) when volume be V2, correspond at this time
Strain be rock rupture tensile strain (εc), i.e. the deformation of rock makes rock interior generate crack but there is no gross fracture,
Assuming that the strain of rock is caused by the volume expansion ruptured after non-plastic fracture only occurs for rock, and gross fracture occurs for rock
, final volume is V after rock rupture3, corresponding dependent variable is the total dependent variable (ε) of rock.Then answered when rock is total
Variable (ε) is greater than rock rupture tensile strain amount (εc) when, then have
Therefore it can establish dependent variable-porosity formula are as follows:
εcIt reaches capacity intensity σ for rockcWhen tensile strain amount, i.e., rupture tensile strain amount；ε is the dependent variable of rock.
(2) according to generalized Hooke law, the relational expression of stress-strain is under triaxial stress:
It is assumed that structural deformation occurs over just σ1-σ3In plane, along minimum principal stress (σ3) direction generation extensional deformation, and in
Between principal direction of stress (σ2) strain (ε is not generated2=0), then by (2) Shi Ke get:
(3) according to coulomb-More's fracture criteria:
For internal friction angle
(4) according to the research of Chinese Academy of Sciences's geology and geophysics institute Zhang Nianxue (2011), brittle rock Poisson's ratio (μ) with it is interior
Angle of frictionRelationship are as follows:
Then according to relation above formula, maximum principal stress (σ can be derived1) and maximum tensile strain (ε3) relational expression:
Wherein
Therefore it can derive as maximum principal stress (σ1) reach the rock rupture limit (σc) when, the rupture of corresponding rock
Strain (εc) it is small big:
According to Andeson tomography classical mode, Extensional setting biggest principal stress direction is gravity direction, if not considering stratum
Pore fluid pressure, then maximum principal stress is that superstratum generates lateral pressure, i.e., ancient lithostatic pressure (P):
P=ρ gh '
ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is acceleration of gravity (9.8Kg/N), and h ' is brittle formation Gu buried depth
And the process that rupture generation normal fault occurs for rock is, when maximum principal stress, that is, superstratum lateral pressure (P) is protected
When holding constant, minimum principal stress constantly reduces, and when mohr circle of stress and shear fracture line are tangent, rock ruptures, therefore
σc≈ρgh′
Then derive
In summary formula can obtain
Wherein,
ε is stratum strain amount, and E is elasticity modulus,For internal friction angle, ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is gravity
Acceleration (9.8Kg/N), h ' are brittle formation Gu buried depth.
Step 6, calculated fracture porosity is corrected using the drilling well at wellbore, log data, obtains brittleness
The porosity flat distribution map on stratum.
The phase of drilling well, well logging actual measurement porosity and the fracture porosity calculated in step 5 is calculated using formula of correlation coefficient
Relationship number calculates the formula of related coefficient are as follows:
R is the related coefficient surveyed porosity and calculate porosity, it is assumed that has n mouthfuls to participate in the well calculated, ΦiIt is i-th mouthful
The actual measurement porosity value of well,The average value of porosity is surveyed for n mouthfuls of wells, Φ ' is the calculating porosity value of i-th mouthful of well,
The average value of porosity is calculated for n mouthfuls of wells.
If correlation coefficient r is less than a certain given threshold, step 1~5 are repeated, if correlation coefficient r is greater than a certain given threshold,
Then the fracture porosity varying of calculating is corrected using the actual measurement porosity value such as actual measurement drilling well, well logging, anti-distance can be applied
Weighting method correction, its calculation formula is:
Φ (x, y) be coordinate be (x, y) point at porosity value, ΦiFor the actual measurement porosity value of i-th mouthful of well, diFor (x,
O'clock y) to the distance of i-th mouthful of well.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The disadvantages of the present invention overcomes well logging and drilling extracting core formation testing porosity ranges limit to, test value is expensive,
Simultaneously influenced by seismic data resolution it is smaller, it is simple and efficient using dependent variable in conjunction with brittle formation petrophysical parameter
Formation porosity is calculated, the accuracy and precision of prediction brittle formation porosity is improved, reduces input cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart for the method specific embodiment that brittle formation porosity is calculated using dependent variable of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Depth Domain geological model established；
Fig. 3 is the dependent variable distribution map for restoring the brittle formation that software calculates using three-dimensional construction；
Fig. 4 is the brittle formation fracture porosity distribution map calculated using dependent variable-porosity relational expression；
Fig. 5 is the figure that crosses surveyed porosity and calculate porosity related operation；
Fig. 6 is the porosity flat distribution map of the brittle formation after correcting using inverse distance weight.
Specific embodiment
Understand in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below with reference to implementation attached drawing 1-
6, the present invention is described in further details.Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but
It is not as a limitation of the invention.
Step 1, by analyzing the geologic setting of brittle formation region, brittle formation fracture development is determined mainly
Matter period, using three dimensional seismic data and drilling well, log data, manufacturing artificial synthetic seismogram, to determine that brittle formation is split
Seam develops stratum corresponding to main geologic period and brittle formation axis in the same direction corresponding on seismic data cube, carries out to it
Tracking explain obtain time-domain layer position data (assuming that brittle formation fracture development main geologic period corresponding time-domain layer position as
T1, brittle formation corresponding time-domain layer position be T2), and explain the layer data with above-mentioned time-domain stratum meet；
Step 2, Depth Domain geological model is established using the time-domain layer position of explanation and layer data；
It is constructed using three-dimensional and restores software 3Dmove, File is clicked in 3Dmove software, click Import, select data
Format Ascii selects the time-domain layer position (T to be imported1、T2) and layer data, Creat Surfaces is clicked, OK is clicked.?
It clicks Edit in menu bar, clicks Resample, select Grid, defined in interval between the grid in x-direction and y-direction
Away from respectively 300,300.Click Operation, selection time and depth transfer module Depth Conversion, click Time- >
Depth clicks Depth Time Function, Exponential is selected, in time and depth transfer formula D=a × ebTIn+c, respectively
Time and depth transfer parameter a=3846, b=0.000244, c=-3846 are assigned, Apply is clicked, establishes Depth Domain geological model (ginseng
According to Fig. 2).
Step 3, the dependent variable ε of brittle formation is calculated；
It is constructed using three-dimensional and restores software 3Dmove, clicked Analysis in menu bar, click Strain, with selecting brittleness
Layer (T2), Apply is clicked in Strain Analysis window, calculates the deformed each triangle gridding of brittle formation (T2)
Area Ai=300 × 300/2, then the area A of any two grid Grid1, Grid21=300, A2=300.In menu bar point
Restoration is hit, Move On Fault is selected, selects Inclined Shear algorithm, selects selection tomography on the column Fault
Data select T on the column Hanging wall1、T2Upper disk formation data.Variable Heave is selected, in Heave Editor window
Mouth clicks Heave band, clicks Create, selects T1Upper disk formation data and T1Lower wall formation data clicks Apply,
Inclined Shear window clicks start and carries out construction recovery, completes construction recovery process, obtains brittle formation (T2) splitting
Stitch developmental stage, i.e. T1The ancient buried depth h ' of deposition period.Apply is clicked in Strain Analysis window, brittleness is calculated
Stratum (T2) the initial area B of each triangle griddingi, according to εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi, calculate brittle formation (T2) each triangle
Dependent variable ε after distortion of the meshi(referring to Fig. 3).Assuming that the corresponding brittle formation (T after construction restores2) any two triangle
Grid Grid1, Grid2 initial area B1=250, B2=350, then
ε1=| 300-250 |/250=0.2
ε2=| 300-350 |/350=0.142
Step 4, the elasticity mechanics parameter of brittle formation rock at certain wellbore: springform is measured using triaxial stress tester
Measure (E) and internal friction angle
The core of brittle formation crack agensis well section is taken, and combines the geologic setting of brittle formation, estimates brittle formation
Formation average denstiy ρ=2.3 × 10 in fracture development period3Kg/m3, and the brittle formation fracture development sought in applying step 3
The ancient buried depth h ' in period, obtains 1350m≤h '≤2200m, then according to formula
P=ρ gh '
ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is acceleration of gravity (9.8Kg/N), and h ' is brittle formation Gu buried depth
Ancient lithostatic pressure P:30.4MPa≤P≤49.6MPa is calculated.
The ancient i.e. 40MPa of lithostatic pressure intermediate value is taken, loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To 40MPa, σ is kept1、σ2
It is constant, gradually unload σ3It is ruptured to rock, draws the curves of stress-strain relationship of brittle formation core, according to E=σ/ε,
Elastic modulus E is the slope of load-deformation curve, and it is 17.6GPa that calculating, which acquires brittle formation elastic modulus of rock,；Change confining pressure
Size tests σ1The σ that core ruptures in 30MPa, 50MPa respectively3Value draws Mohr's circle and Mohr's envelope, measurement More's packet
Winding thread and horizontal angle, the as internal friction angle of brittle formation core, are calculated brittle formation internal friction angleFor
36°。
Step 5, the brittle formation dependent variable and porosity relational expression derived according to rock mechanics basic theory, knot are utilized
Close dependent variable ε and ancient buried depth h ' that step 3 calculates brittle formation, the elastic modulus E for the brittle formation that step 4 test obtains and
Internal friction angleCalculate the fracture porosity Φ of brittle formation.
Wherein,
ε is stratum strain amount, and E is elasticity modulus,Internal friction angle, ρ are the average ancient density in superstratum, and g adds for gravity
Speed (9.8Kg/N), h ' are brittle formation Gu buried depth.
Assuming that acquiring above-mentioned brittle formation (T according to step 32) any two triangle gridding Grid1, Grid2 ancient buried depth
h′1=1350m, h '2=1600m, according to
εc1=2.3 × 103Kg/m3× 9.8N/Kg × 1350m × 0.083/17.6GPa=0.146
εc2=2.3 × 103Kg/m3× 9.8N/Kg × 1650m × 0.083/17.6GPa=0.179
Due to ε1=0.2, ε2=0.142
ε1> εc1, therefore Φ1=(ε1-εc1)/(ε1+ 1)=0.045=4.5%
ε2< εc2, therefore Φ2=0
To brittle formation (T2) each triangle gridding calculated by above-mentioned formula, obtain the crack hole of each triangle gridding
Porosity value, calculated result such as Fig. 4.
Step 6, school is carried out to calculated fracture porosity using the drilling well at wellbore, well logging actual measurement porosity data
Just, the porosity flat distribution map of brittle formation is obtained.
The phase relation of the porosity calculated in drilling well, well logging actual measurement porosity and step 5 is calculated using formula of correlation coefficient
Number, calculates the formula of related coefficient are as follows:
R is the related coefficient surveyed porosity and calculate porosity, it is assumed that has n mouthfuls to participate in the well calculated, ΦiIt is i-th mouthful
The actual measurement porosity value of well,The average value of porosity is surveyed for n mouthfuls of wells, Φ ' is the calculating porosity value of i-th mouthful of well,
The average value of porosity is calculated for n mouthfuls of wells.
Step 1~5 are repeated when setting correlation coefficient r threshold value as 0.55, r < 0.55, if boring when r >=0.55 using actual measurement
The actual measurement porosity value such as well, well logging is corrected the fracture porosity varying of calculating.Fig. 5 is actual measurement porosity and calculating porosity
The figure that crosses of related operation shares 38 mouthfuls of wells and participates in calculating, obtain actual measurement porosity and calculate porosity correlation coefficient r=
0.62, due to r > 0.55, the fracture porosity varying of calculating is corrected using inverse distance weight, calculation formula
Are as follows:
Φ (x, y) be coordinate be (x, y) point at porosity value, ΦiFor the actual measurement porosity value of i-th mouthful of well, diFor (x,
O'clock y) to the distance of i-th mouthful of well.
Fig. 6 is the porosity flat distribution map of the brittle formation after correcting using inverse distance weight, in figure at well point
Porosity value and practical consistent, the porosity value reliability with higher except well point.
As seen from the above, the present invention is effective supplement of existing complex mathematical computations and software simulation, with improving brittleness
The precision of prediction of layer porosity, method is simple, is improving oil-gas reservoir probing success rate, avoidance construction risk and is improving efficiency
Aspect has a good application prospect.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is characterized in that the following steps are included:
Step 1, by analyzing the geologic setting of brittle formation region, when determining the main geologic of brittle formation fracture development
Stratum corresponding to phase, using three dimensional seismic data and drilling well, log data, manufacturing artificial synthetic seismogram is crisp with determination
Property stratum axis in the same direction corresponding on seismic data cube, explanation is tracked to the axis in the same direction, which is tracked
The result of explanation is the time-domain formation data of brittle formation, and explains the tomography with above-mentioned time-domain formation data meet
Data；
Step 2, Depth Domain geological model is established using the time-domain formation data and layer data of explanation；
Step 3, the dependent variable ε of brittle formation is calculated, if referring to the grid spacing difference defined in x-direction and y-direction in step 2
For a, b, then the area A of each triangle gridding after stratum deformationi=(a × b)/2, after construction restores at the beginning of corresponding stratum
The area B of each triangle gridding to begini=(a ' × b ')/2, then the strain of each triangle gridding after corresponding stratum deformation
Measure εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi；
Step 4, the elasticity mechanics parameter of brittle formation rock at certain wellbore: elastic modulus E is measured using triaxial stress tester
And internal friction angle
Step 5, the fracture porosity Φ of brittle formation is calculated using following formula:
Wherein,
ε is stratum strain amount, and E is elasticity modulus,For internal friction angle, ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is gravity acceleration
Degree, h ' are brittle formation Gu buried depth；
Step 6, calculated brittle formation fracture porosity Φ is corrected using core actual measurement porosity, with obtaining brittleness
The porosity flat distribution map of layer.
2. the method according to claim 1 for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is characterized in that:
Three dimensional seismic data described in step 1 refers to the earthquake money by pre-stack time migration processing or time migration after stack processing
Material；Described is tracked explanation to the axis in the same direction, is to utilize existing brill in Geoframe or Landmark solution release system
Well, log data carry out fine calibration, identify that the lateral tracking carried out after axis in the same direction corresponding to brittle formation is explained.
3. the method according to claim 1 or 2 for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is characterized in that:
Depth domain model is established using the time-domain stratum and layer data explained described in step 2, is referred to using three-dimensional construction
Restore software, select data format, selects the time-domain stratum to be imported and layer data, X-direction is defined in interval
And the grid spacing in Y-direction, time and depth transfer module is selected, time and depth transfer parameter is inputted, establishes Depth Domain geological model.
4. the method according to claim 3 for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is characterized in that: step 3 institute
The dependent variable ε for the calculating brittle formation stated refers to and restores software 3Dmove using three-dimensional construction, selects brittle formation data, meter
The area A of each triangle gridding after calculating stratum deformationi；Select layer data, disk formation data and lower wall stratum in selection
Data obtain the ancient buried depth h ' in brittle formation fracture development period, and it is initial to calculate after construction restores corresponding stratum
The area B of each triangle griddingi, while according to εi=| Ai-Bi|/Bi, each triangulation network after calculating corresponding stratum deformation
The dependent variable ε of latticei。
5. the method according to claim 4 for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is characterized in that: step 4 institute
That states measures the elasticity mechanics parameter of brittle formation rock at certain wellbore using triaxial stress tester, refers to and brittle formation is taken to split
The core of agensis well section is stitched, and combines the geologic setting of brittle formation, the stratum in estimation brittle formation fracture development period is flat
Equal density, and the ancient buried depth h ' in the brittle formation fracture development period sought in applying step 3, and it is crisp according to the calculating of following formula
Property stratum Gu lithostatic pressure P
P=ρ gh '
ρ is the average ancient density in superstratum, and g is acceleration of gravity, and h ' is brittle formation Gu buried depth
It takes ancient lithostatic pressure intermediate value for test confining pressure, loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To test confining pressure, σ is kept1、
σ2It is constant, gradually unload σ3Ruptured to rock, draw brittle formation core curves of stress-strain relationship, according to E=σ/
ε, i.e. elastic modulus E are the slope of load-deformation curve, and calculating acquires brittle formation elastic modulus of rock；Increase or reduce survey
Confining pressure is tried, loads σ using triaxial stress tester1、σ2、σ3To test confining pressure, σ is kept1、σ2It is constant, gradually unload σ3To rock
It ruptures, tests different σ1It is worth σ when lower rock rupture3Value draws Mohr's circle and Mohr's envelope, Mohr's envelope and water
The angle of horizontal line is the internal friction angle of brittle formation rock
6. the method according to claim 5 for calculating brittle formation porosity using dependent variable, it is characterized in that: step 6 institute
That states is corrected calculated fracture porosity Φ using the drilling well at wellbore, log data, refers to using related coefficient
Formula calculates the related coefficient of the porosity calculated in drilling well, well logging actual measurement porosity and step 5, if related coefficient is less than a certain
Given threshold repeats step 1~5, if related coefficient is greater than a certain given threshold, using inverse distance-weighting correction method to step
The porosity value calculated in 5 is corrected.
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