CN115539287A - Control method for forced air supplement of axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine - Google Patents
Control method for forced air supplement of axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN115539287A CN115539287A CN202211414392.7A CN202211414392A CN115539287A CN 115539287 A CN115539287 A CN 115539287A CN 202211414392 A CN202211414392 A CN 202211414392A CN 115539287 A CN115539287 A CN 115539287A
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- forced air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/04—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid machinery and engineering equipment, and particularly discloses a control method for forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine. The invention is suitable for various different working conditions of the water turbine, and the control method can realize the purposes of automatically starting and stopping the air supplementing device and controlling the air supplementing flow under different working conditions of the water turbine. On the basis of guaranteeing axial compressor fixed pitch hydraulic turbine energy conversion efficiency, fully prevent to lead to the fact the problem that draft tube part takes place hydraulic vibration because of the unable vortex area that eliminates of tonifying qi inadequately, stop to waste the problem of the energy of drive air compressor machine air supply because of the tonifying qi is excessive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid machinery and engineering equipment, and particularly relates to a control method for forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed blade water turbine.
Background
The runner blades of the axial flow fixed-pitch turbine are rigidly fixed on the hub. Therefore, when the water head changes, the purpose of adjusting the output force is achieved only by adjusting the opening degree of the movable guide vane. The hydraulic turbine set normally operates under a partial working condition, but cannot better adapt to the partial working condition, so that the energy conversion efficiency is reduced, meanwhile, hydraulic vibration and other hazards are brought, and the normal and stable operation of the set is influenced. The main cause of hydraulic vibration is the formation of a vortex band in the draft tube, causing pressure pulsations that propagate upstream and in turn cause vibration in the turbine unit.
In order to reduce or eliminate the hydraulic vibration caused by the vortex band, a mode of supplementing gas into the tail water pipe to eliminate the pressure difference of the vortex band is often used. The air supply can be divided into a natural air supply mode and a forced air supply mode, namely, an air supply device is used for naturally communicating the inside and the outside of the tail water pipe or the air supply device and an air compressor are used for forcibly pumping air.
The existing axial flow fixed blade water turbine forced air supplement control method mostly uses natural air supplement or uses an air compressor and adopts fixed air supplement flow to carry out forced air supplement. The air supply control method cannot be well adapted to various different working condition levels of the water turbine. Under the working condition of small flow, the problem that the vortex strips cannot be eliminated due to insufficient air supply is easily caused because the strength of the vortex strips is high; under the working condition of larger flow, because the strength of the vortex belt is small, the air supplement is easy to be excessive, the energy for driving the air source of the air compressor is wasted, the energy conversion efficiency of the axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine is influenced, and the economic loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for controlling forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine, so as to solve the problem that the conventional method for controlling forced air supplement cannot adapt to different working condition levels of the water turbine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a control method for forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed blade water turbine, which comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting water turbine level sensor data and calculating a water turbine head;
s2: collecting real-time power data of a water turbine;
s3: the water turbine is judged to be in a vortex zone or a non-vortex zone by combining the water head and real-time power data of the water turbine and comparing the data with the water turbine operating characteristic curve chart, and whether forced air supplement is carried out or not is determined by a programmable controller;
s4: if forced air supplement is needed, the programmable controller automatically calculates the real-time air supplement volume flow according to the air supplement volume flow-power control curve of the forced air supplement under different working conditions, and then the forced air supplement is carried out.
Furthermore, if forced air supplement is not needed, the programmable controller automatically drives the air compressor to keep a stop state.
Further, the step of collecting water turbine level sensor data and calculating a water turbine head includes:
the method comprises the steps of collecting data of an upstream water level sensor and data of a downstream water level sensor of the water turbine through the upstream water level sensor and the downstream water level sensor, monitoring in real time to obtain the water head of the water turbine between the upstream water level sensor and the downstream water level sensor, and calculating to obtain the water head of the water turbine under the working condition.
Further, the step of acquiring real-time power data of the water turbine includes:
and acquiring real-time power data of the water turbine through a water turbine output power detection sensor.
Furthermore, the water turbine operation characteristic curve chart is based on the test data of the fixed-pitch water turbine, and the boundary line of the vortex band is defined according to whether the obvious vortex band is generated in the tail water pipe or not and whether the obvious pressure pulsation phenomenon exists at each part of the tail water pipe or not; the vortex zone boundary is used as a boundary, the area on the left side of the boundary is a draft tube vortex zone, and the area on the right side of the boundary is a non-vortex zone.
Furthermore, when the water turbine is positioned in a vortex zone, forced air supply is carried out on the water turbine.
Further, the programmable controller automatically calculates to obtain the real-time gas supply volume flow, and the method comprises the following steps: calling air supplement volume flow data stored in a programmable controller, and automatically calculating to obtain real-time air supplement volume flow; the air supply volume flow is related to the water head and the power of the water turbine under real-time working conditions, and the air supply volume flow is obtained according to an air supply volume flow-power control curve of forced air supply under different working conditions.
Furthermore, the programmable controller controls the air compressor to output air supplementing volume flow to the forced air supplementing device so as to supplement air to the water turbine in a forced mode.
Furthermore, the air supply volume flow is related to a water head parameter of the water turbine under a real-time working condition, a function related to power is a piecewise function with a negative logarithm property, and the function expression is as follows:
in the formula: v is the volume flow of air supply in m 3 S; p is the real-time operating power of the water turbine, and the unit is MW; h is a real-time running water head of the water turbine, and the unit is m; k and b are both fitting parameters, wherein the value of k is between 0.5 and 0.8, and the value of b is between 4 and 8; p 0 The operating power on the boundary line of the vortex band in the schematic diagram of the operating characteristic curve of the water turbine is shown; the control function exhibits a negative logarithmic relationship in the vortex zone and zero volume flow for air make-up in the non-vortex zone.
Furthermore, when the tail water pipe is in a vortex zone, the programmable controller drives the air compressor to automatically increase the air supply flow under the working condition of small flow; when the air compressor is in a large-flow working condition, the programmable controller drives the air compressor to automatically adjust the air supply volume flow to be smaller.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention judges whether the water turbine is in a vortex zone or a non-vortex zone by acquiring the water head and real-time power data of the water turbine and comparing the data with the operating characteristic curve chart of the water turbine, and performs forced air supplement when the water turbine is in the vortex zone, and automatically closes the forced air supplement device when the water turbine is in the non-vortex zone, thereby saving the energy for driving the air source of the air compressor. The invention is suitable for various different working condition levels of the water turbine, and the control method can realize the purposes of automatically starting and stopping the air supplementing device and controlling the air supplementing flow under different working condition conditions of the water turbine. On the basis of guaranteeing axial compressor and decide oar hydraulic turbine energy conversion efficiency, fully prevent to cause the problem that draft tube part takes place hydraulic vibration because of the unable vortex area that eliminates of tonifying qi inadequately, stop to waste the problem of the energy of drive air compressor machine air supply because of the tonifying qi is excessive.
2. When the vortex zone area of the draft tube is in a small flow working condition, the air supply flow is properly increased, the vortex zone is fully eliminated, and the hydraulic vibration phenomenon caused by the vortex zone is reduced; under the working condition of large flow, the strength of the vortex band is low, the air supply volume flow is automatically adjusted to a low level, and the influence on the energy conversion efficiency of the axial-flow fixed-pitch water turbine is reduced to the maximum extent.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the operating characteristics of the water turbine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the volume flow-power control curve of forced air supply under different working conditions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for controlling forced air supply of an axial flow fixed pitch water turbine comprises the following steps:
s1: the upstream water level sensor data and the downstream water level sensor data of the water turbine are collected through the upstream water level sensor and the downstream water level sensor, the upstream water level difference and the downstream water level difference of the water turbine can be monitored in real time, and the water head of the water turbine under the working condition is obtained through calculation.
S2: and acquiring real-time power data of the water turbine through a water turbine output power detection sensor.
S3: combining the water head and real-time power data of the water turbine, comparing the data with a water turbine operation characteristic curve graph, determining the position of a working point of the water turbine in operation on the water turbine characteristic curve graph, and obtaining the distance from the real-time working point to the boundary of the vortex band; judging whether the water turbine is in a vortex zone or a non-vortex zone; determining the forced air supplement of the hand through a programmable controller; if the water turbine is in the vortex zone, the forced air supplement is carried out on the water turbine.
Fig. 2 shows a graph of the operating characteristics of the turbine, the relationship between the water head H (m) and the power P (KW); the running characteristic curve chart of the water turbine is based on the test data of the vortex band of a certain fixed-pitch water turbine, and the boundary of the vortex band is defined according to whether the obvious vortex band is generated in the draft tube and whether the obvious pressure pulsation phenomenon exists at each part of the draft tube; taking a vortex zone boundary as a boundary, wherein the area on the left side of the boundary is a draft tube vortex zone, and the area on the right side of the boundary is a non-vortex zone; when the working condition of the water turbine is in the vortex zone of the draft tube, the farther the distance from the boundary line of the vortex zone is, the larger the generated vortex zone is, and the larger the required air supplement amount is.
S4: if forced air supplement is needed, invoking air supplement volume flow data stored in a programmable controller, automatically calculating to obtain real-time air supplement volume flow, wherein the air supplement volume flow is related to a water head and power of the water turbine under real-time working conditions, and obtaining air supplement volume flow according to an air supplement volume flow-power control curve of the forced air supplement under different working conditions; and the electric signal is converted into the air source pressure of the air compressor and is output to the air compressor, and the air compressor is controlled to output air supplementing volume flow to the forced air supplementing device. If the forced air supplement is not needed, the programmable controller automatically drives the air compressor to keep a stop state.
FIG. 3 shows a control curve of make-up air volume flow-power under different conditions of the turbine; volume flow (m) of air supply 3 /s) is a piecewise function, exhibiting a negative logarithmic relationship in the wake zone and zero volume flow of the supply air in the absence of the wake zone. Wherein the volume flow of the air supply is related to the water head parameter of the water turbine under the real-time working condition, and the function related to the power is a piecewise function with negative logarithmic property, and a function table thereofThe expression is as follows:
in the above formula, V is the volume flow of air supply in m 3 S; p is the real-time operating power of the water turbine, and the unit is MW; h is a real-time running water head of the water turbine, and the unit is m; k and b are both fitting parameters, where k has a value between 0.5 and 0.8 and b has a value between 4 and 8. P 0 The operating power on the boundary line of the vortex band in the operating characteristic curve diagram of the water turbine is shown. The air supply volume flow is obtained according to an air supply volume flow-power control curve under different working condition water heads of the water turbine; when the turbine is in a wake water pipe vortex zone area, under a low-flow working condition, namely when the turbine actually operates in an area on the left side of a vortex strip boundary shown in a water turbine operation characteristic curve schematic diagram, the programmable controller drives the air compressor to properly increase the air supply flow, so that vortex strips are fully eliminated, and the hydraulic vibration phenomenon caused by the vortex strips is reduced; when the air compressor is under the working condition of large flow, namely the air compressor actually operates in the area on the right side of the boundary line of the vortex band as shown in the schematic diagram of the operation characteristic curve of the water turbine, the programmable controller drives the air compressor to automatically adjust the air supply volume flow to a smaller level due to the smaller strength of the vortex band, and the influence on the energy conversion efficiency of the axial-flow fixed-pitch water turbine is reduced to the greatest extent.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A control method for forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed blade water turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting water turbine level sensor data and calculating a water turbine head;
s2: collecting real-time power data of a water turbine;
s3: the water turbine is judged to be in a vortex zone or a non-vortex zone by combining the water head and real-time power data of the water turbine and comparing the data with the water turbine operating characteristic curve chart, and whether forced air supplement is carried out or not is determined by a programmable controller;
s4: if forced air supplement is needed, the programmable controller automatically calculates the real-time air supplement volume flow according to the air supplement volume flow-power control curve of the forced air supplement under different working conditions, and controls the air compressor to supplement air forcibly.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the programmable controller automatically drives the air compressor to stop if forced air supply is not required.
3. The method for controlling forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed pitch water turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of collecting water turbine level sensor data and calculating a water turbine head comprises:
the method comprises the steps of collecting data of an upstream water level sensor and data of a downstream water level sensor of the water turbine through the upstream water level sensor and the downstream water level sensor, monitoring in real time to obtain the water head of the water turbine between the upstream water level sensor and the downstream water level sensor, and calculating to obtain the water head of the water turbine under the working condition.
4. The method for controlling forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed pitch water turbine according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting real-time power data of the water turbine comprises the following steps:
the real-time power data of the water turbine are acquired through the water turbine output power detection sensor.
5. The method for controlling forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed blade water turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water turbine operating characteristic graph is based on the test data of the fixed blade water turbine, and the boundary line of the vortex band is defined according to whether the obvious vortex band is generated in the draft tube and whether the pressure pulsation phenomenon is obvious at each part of the draft tube; the vortex zone boundary is used as a boundary, the area on the left side of the boundary is a draft tube vortex zone, and the area on the right side of the boundary is a non-vortex zone.
6. The method for controlling the forced air supplement of the axial flow fixed blade water turbine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the forced air supplement is performed on the water turbine when the water turbine is positioned in a vortex zone.
7. The method for controlling forced air supplement of an axial flow fixed pitch turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the programmable controller automatically calculates the real-time air supplement volume flow, and comprises: transferring the air compensation volume flow data stored in the programmable controller, and automatically calculating to obtain real-time air compensation volume flow; the air supply volume flow is related to the water head and the power of the water turbine under real-time working conditions, and the air supply volume flow is obtained according to an air supply volume flow-power control curve of forced air supply under different working conditions.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the programmable controller controls the air compressor to output the volumetric flow rate of air supply to the air supply device to perform forced air supply to the water turbine.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the volumetric flow rate of the make-up air is related to the head parameter of the turbine under real-time conditions, and the function related to the power is a piecewise function with negative logarithmic property, and the functional expression is:
in the formula: v is the volume flow of air supply in m 3 S; p is the real-time operating power of the water turbine, and the unit is MW; h is a real-time running water head of the water turbine, and the unit is m; k and b are both fitting parameters, wherein the value of k is between 0.5 and 0.8, and the value of b is between 4 and 8; p 0 The operating power on the boundary line of the vortex band in the schematic diagram of the operating characteristic curve of the water turbine is shown; the control function exhibits a negative logarithmic relationship in the vortex zone and zero volume flow for air make-up in the non-vortex zone.
10. The method for controlling the forced air supplement of the axial flow fixed blade water turbine as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the draft tube vortex zone is in a low flow working condition, the programmable controller drives the air compressor to automatically increase the air supplement flow; when the air compressor is in a large-flow working condition, the programmable controller drives the air compressor to automatically adjust the air supply volume flow to be smaller.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211414392.7A CN115539287A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Control method for forced air supplement of axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine |
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| CN202211414392.7A CN115539287A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Control method for forced air supplement of axial flow fixed-pitch water turbine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116906256A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Water turbine natural air supplementing method based on stability index of hydroelectric generating set |
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2022
- 2022-11-11 CN CN202211414392.7A patent/CN115539287A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116906256A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Water turbine natural air supplementing method based on stability index of hydroelectric generating set |
| CN116906256B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2024-03-01 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Water turbine natural air supplementing method based on stability index of hydroelectric generating set |
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