CN115537645A - 一种trip钢及其制备方法、冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板 - Google Patents
一种trip钢及其制备方法、冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115537645A CN115537645A CN202110727388.5A CN202110727388A CN115537645A CN 115537645 A CN115537645 A CN 115537645A CN 202110727388 A CN202110727388 A CN 202110727388A CN 115537645 A CN115537645 A CN 115537645A
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- 229910000794 TRIP steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 87
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 87
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- XTZVWOPRWVJODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Mn].[C] Chemical compound [Si].[Mn].[C] XTZVWOPRWVJODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000219307 Atriplex rosea Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/021—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种TRIP钢及其制备方法、冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板。其中TRIP钢包括以质量百分比计的化学成分:C:0.15~0.3%,Si:0.6~1.0%,Mn:1.7~2.5%,Al:0.5~0.9%,P≤0.01%,S≤0.01%,N≤0.007%,Fe≥90%,该TRIP钢以碳硅锰钢为基础,通过优化碳硅锰及铝配比,用部分Al来替代传统TRIP钢中的Si,既能起到抑制碳化物析出、稳定残余奥氏体的作用,以保证TRIP钢的力学性能,又能改善钢板表面质量及可镀性。TRIP钢的制备方法包括:冶炼、铸造,热轧、卷取,冷轧和连续退火步骤。通过精确控制精轧终轧温度、卷取温度和连续退火过程的温度及冷速来保证钢材具有适宜的组织分布和晶粒大小,避免出现混晶或晶粒粗大等现象而影响钢的力学性能。本发明还提供了上述TRIP钢的两种产品形式,分别为冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金技术领域,尤其涉及一种TRIP钢及其制备方法、冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板。
背景技术
近年来为实现车身减重,达到节能减排、提高碰撞安全性和降低制造成本的目的,汽车用先进高强钢已被广泛使用。通过提高钢板强度以减薄钢板厚度,同时保持优秀的成形性能,先进高强钢是目前最具综合竞争力的车身轻量化用材。
基于相变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应的先进高强钢在保持高强度的同时,还需要具有较好的延展性。从微观组织看,TRIP钢由铁素体,贝氏体和残余奥氏体组成,多应用于制造汽车车门防护杆、保险杠和地盘结构件等。
对于TRIP钢而言,残余奥氏体的体积分数和稳定性是影响其力学性能的主要因素。在TRIP钢中,稳定残余奥氏体、抑制碳化物的析出至关重要。传统的TRIP钢中主要通过加入较高含量Si以抑制碳化物的析出,但高Si的含量会使得钢材料表面形成一层Si的氧化物而严重影响材料的涂镀性能。同时,目前作为第一代先进高强钢中最有优良强塑性组合的TRIP钢,其强塑积一般也在20GPa.%以下。为了进一步提高强塑积性能,第三代汽车先进高强钢的设计思路主要包括:(1)大量添加Mn实现奥氏体逆转变工艺获得成形性优良的奥氏体,但是这增加了材料成本和制造难度且过高的Mn对于焊接性能也不利;(2)通过淬火配分(QP工艺)来获得具有一定含量残余奥氏体的马氏体钢组织,但是这对退火工艺和设备能力提出了很高的要求。
例如:在中国发明专利CN201610867413.9中记载了一种强塑积大于20GPa.%的经济型高强度冷轧TRIP钢及其制备方法,该TRIP钢的主要化学成分重量百分比为:C:0.15~0.25%,Si:1.3~1.7%,Mn:1.5~2.5%,P:≤0.030%,S:≤0.020%,Al:0.02~0.06%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。制备方法包括:冶炼、热连轧、酸洗冷轧、连续退火。虽然通过本方法得到材料的强塑性优良,但是该材料由于Si含量较高而导致表面质量较差,容易使产品在热镀锌后表面出现色差。
在中国发明专利CN201310520998.3中记载了一种980MPa级高强塑积汽车用钢的热处理工艺,其特点在于,将经过处理的TRIP780冷轧钢板淬火后再加热到一定温度进行配分,得到强塑积为26.3~26.8GPa.%、延伸率达到23%以上的980MPa级高强塑积汽车用钢。其不足之处在于:快速淬火再配分工艺对于设备冷却和加热能力要求较高,而现行退火设备难以全面满足要求。
在中国发明专利CN200810119818.X中记载了一种高强度冷轧热镀锌用TRIP钢板及其制备方法,其优点在于采用低Si的成分设计,具有良好的可镀性。但其缺点也在于由于Al含量过高将导致连铸生产困难,难以实现批量稳定化生产;同时由于成分中添加了Nb、Ti、Cu、Ni等合金元素,也增加了生产成本。
在中国发明专利CN201510596778.8中记载了一种改善TRIP钢表面质量的加工方法,其特点也在于采用低Si(≤0.5%)高Al(1~5%)的成分设计,虽然退火温度范围较传统TRIP钢有大幅扩大优势,但是由于成分的高Al设计导致连铸稳定生产的困难,得到的产品性能抗拉强度偏低(445~520MPa)、强塑积也仅在16-18GPa.%。
在中国发明专利CN201510112679.8中记载了强塑积大于30GPa.%的高Al中锰钢的制备方法,该TRIP钢的优点在于高强度、高延伸率和低密度,可满足汽车轻量化的选材要求,而不足之处也在于Mn、Al含量过高将导致生产难度过高,且成本也偏高。
在中国发明专利CN201110280804.8中记载了一种1000MPa级以上冷轧TRIP钢及其制备方法,由于采用高Si高Al结合Nb、V微合金化的成分设计方案使得材料在Rm≥1000MPa时,延伸率A80≥18%。但由于高Si、高Al、高Mn的成分和Nb、V微合金化使得连铸生产难度较高同时也提高了材料的生产成本。
发明内容
鉴于现有的TRIP钢中存在的由于含Si较高导致的表面质量较差、由于含Mn、Al较高而导致的连铸生产过程困难、以及由于采用Nb、Ti、Cu、Ni、V等合金元素会导致生产成本增加的问题,本发明中通过用部分Al来替代传统TRIP钢中的Si,并且优化C、Si、Mn及Al的配比,既能起到抑制碳化物析出、稳定残余奥氏体的作用,以保证TRIP钢的力学性能,又能改善钢板表面质量及可镀性,并且降低了加工难度和生产成本。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种TRIP钢,采用本发明的技术方案得到的TRIP钢具有良好可镀表面质量和高强塑性,具体地,其屈服强度为420~600MPa,抗拉强度为800~950MPa,断裂延伸率为25%~35%,强塑积大于23GPa.%。
本发明的TRIP钢,包括以质量百分比计的化学成分:C:0.15~0.3%,Si:0.6~1.0%,Mn:1.7~2.5%,Al:0.5~0.9%,P≤0.01%,S≤0.01%,N≤0.007%,Fe≥90%。
进一步地,C:0.15~0.3%,Si:0.6~1.0%,Mn:1.7~2.5%,Al:0.5~0.9%,P≤0.01%,S≤0.01%,N≤0.007%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
本发明中,各元素的设计思路如下:
碳(C):碳直接影响钢板/钢带的强度、焊接性和成形性。碳含量越高,越有利于提高钢板的强度,若碳含量低于0.15%,钢板/钢带的强度达不到目标要求;若碳含量高于0.30%,容易造成碳当量过高,从而恶化钢板的可焊性能。同时C也是奥氏体稳定元素,只有含有一定量C的奥氏体才能在室温状态下稳定存在,发生TRIP效应满足材料的高强塑性要求,因此,在本发明中控制碳的质量百分比为0.15~0.30%,优选地,C的含量为0.17~0.23%。
硅(Si):硅主要以固溶方式存在于TRIP钢中,抑制贝氏体转变期间渗碳体的形成。同时Si分布在铁素体中以提高其中C的化学位,促使铁素体中的C向奥氏体内部扩散,因为形成富碳的残余奥氏体是获得TRIP效应产生的基本条件。要保证材料的优良塑性,Si含量至少应在0.6%以上。但是Si同样也是对于钢板表面质量起恶化影响的元素,当硅含量高于1.0%时,热轧钢板/钢带表面易生成严重的热轧氧化铁皮,不仅会恶化钢板/钢带的表面质量,不利于生产热镀锌钢板/钢带,同时还会损害钢板/钢带的可镀性。因此,在本发明中将硅的质量百分比限定在0.6~1.0%,优选地,Si的含量为0.7~0.9%。
锰(Mn):在本发明的TRIP钢中,Mn能扩大奥氏体相区,降低Ms和Mf点,提高奥氏体稳定性和钢的淬透性,降低临界转变速率,有利于残余奥氏体保存至室温,同时也是较为重要的固溶强化元素。但需要注意的是,若钢中Mn元素含量过高,会恶化耐腐蚀性能和焊接性能,同时也加剧晶粒粗化趋势,降低钢的塑性和韧性。基于此,在本发明中将Mn的质量百分比控制在1.70~2.50%,优选地,Mn的含量为1.8~2.0%。
铝(Al):铝与硅类似,能够抑制时效过程中碳化物的形成,从而稳定残余奥氏体,但是其效果比Si要偏弱。与Si不同的是,Al对于钢材的表面质量无有害影响,有利于热镀锌产品的表面质量改善。由于Al也具有抑制碳化物形成的作用,因此可以采用添加Al来部分替代Si以改善TRIP钢的涂镀性能。Al还能够强烈提高Ac3点,当Al含量过高时,热轧开坯和终轧温度都需要提高,同时两相区退火的温度也要相应提高。Al的质量百分含量超过0.9%时对于炼钢连铸过程非常不利,易产生连铸水口结瘤等问题。因此为了得到一种同时具有优良表面质量和良好强塑性的TRIP钢,在本发明中采用Si、Al复合添加,以Al代Si的方式来实现上述目的。但当Al含量低于0.5%时,为了达到要求的强塑积需要添加较多的Si(>1.0%),会使得产品的表面质量变差,出现色差、红铁皮等缺陷。因此,在本发明中,将Al的质量百分比控制在0.5~0.9%,优选地,Al的含量为0.6~0.8%。
磷(P)、硫(S)、氮(N):是钢中的杂质元素,含量越少钢质越纯净性能越好。其中,P虽然能起到一定的固溶强化作用,可以抑制碳化物形成,有利于提高残余奥氏体的稳定性,但是P的质量百分比过高会弱化晶界,增大材料脆性,恶化焊接性能,因此,需将P的质量百分比控制为P≤0.01%。而至于N,由于N的质量百分比过高会给炼钢、连铸带来困难,不利于夹杂物控制,因此,在本发明中将N的质量百分比控制为N≤0.007%。而钢中S元素的质量百分比过高将会明显恶化材料的塑性,因此在本发明中将S的质量百分比控制为S≤0.01%。
进一步地,本发明中TRIP钢的金相组织包括体积分数为38~58%的铁素体、30~50%的贝氏体、10~12%的残余奥氏体和≤2%的马氏体。
当贝氏体含量高于50%时材料强度偏高、塑性不足;而贝氏体含量在30%以下时又强度不足、塑性富余,因此本发明中将贝氏体的体积分数控制在30~50%。残余奥氏体含量对于材料的优良强塑性起了较关键的作用,将残余奥氏体的体积分数控制在10~12%范围能够起到一定的TRIP效应提高钢的强塑性。将马氏体的体积分数控制在较低的水平能够保证材料的优良强塑性。
进一步地,本发明TRIP钢的铁素体中,10μm以下的铁素体晶粒占比80%以上,其中5μm以下的铁素体晶粒占比60%以上。残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸≤2μm,残余奥氏体晶粒的平均C含量≥1wt%。
进一步地,本发明TRIP钢的屈服强度为420~600MPa,抗拉强度为800~950MPa,断裂延伸率为25%~35%,强塑积大于23GPa.%。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述TRIP钢的制备方法,包括步骤:
冶炼、铸造;
热轧、卷取;
冷轧;
连续退火。
进一步地,在上述冶炼、铸造过程中,控制连铸过热度为15~30℃。
在连铸过程中,为保证钢水连浇过程顺利进行,需要钢水具有一定的过热度。当过热度低于15℃时,不利于钢水连续浇注过程的稳定进行;当过热度高于30℃时,则对于铸坯中心内部质量不利,容易产生偏析、缩孔等缺陷。
进一步地,在上述热轧步骤中控制板坯加热温度为1150~1250℃,控制精轧终轧温度为850~950℃。
在热轧过程中,先将铸坯在全奥氏体区高温加热一段时间使得材料软化且成分完全扩散均匀。粗轧至中间坯厚度规格后加热炉中生成的粗大组织被破碎细化,经精轧进一步轧制成要求厚度后形成均匀且细小的再结晶后的材料组织。当精轧终轧温度小于850℃时,在精轧前就会有铁素体析出,造成最终组织中贝氏体含量偏低,使热轧态强度不足进而影响后续冷轧退火性能。而考虑到板坯加热温度上限控制及轧制过程中温降,精轧终轧温度一般不超过950℃。
进一步地,在上述卷取步骤中,控制卷取温度为520~600℃。
热轧卷取温度是影响热轧态性能的最关键工艺之一。当卷取温度高于600℃时,钢板表面易产生Si、Mn的内氧化,通过酸洗会生成表面破碎层而影响最终产品的表面质量;而当卷取温度低于520℃时,由于热轧态的强度偏高,将不利于后续冷轧的进行,会导致变形抗力过大。酸洗去除热轧卷的表面氧化铁皮后,通过50~70%的冷轧压下量使得钢板达到目标厚度尺寸并积累一定的变形能,有利于后续的退火再结晶。
进一步地,在上述连续退火步骤中,钢板/钢带先以退火保温温度800~860℃保温60~200s,再以3~10℃/s的第一冷却速度冷至快冷开始温度690~730℃,再以30~60℃/s的第二冷却速度冷至快冷结束温度350~450℃,然后保温200~400s进行时效处理,最后以2~10℃/s的第三冷却速度至150℃以下。
冷轧后的变形组织以退火保温温度800~860℃保温60~200s进行两相区退火。该过程主要目的是使得冷轧后的钢板组织再结晶,温度过低则会导致钢板组织再结晶不完全,而温度过高又容易造成钢板组织晶粒粗大、析出物分解,从而导致钢板强度降低。因此在本发明中,将退火保温温度控制在800~860℃。同样该过程时间控制也很关键,时间太短将导致钢板组织再结晶不完全、奥氏体稳定元素(C、Mn)扩散不够充分;而时间太长又容易造成钢板组织晶粒异常粗大、析出物分解等异常情况,因此将退火保温时间控制在60~200s。在此过程中,钢板组织将实现部分奥氏体化,铁素体中的C、Mn等奥氏体稳定元素会向奥氏体中转移。
然后将保温后的钢带以第一冷却速度3~10℃/s缓慢冷却至690~730℃。该过程中,钢板组织中的部分奥氏体会转化为铁素体,C、Mn等元素将进一步向奥氏体中富集。
最后以第二冷却速度30~60℃/s通过吹气快冷使得缓慢冷却后的钢带快速冷却至350~450℃,然后保温200~400s进行时效处理。此过程中冷却速度过慢会导致出现珠光体,降低钢板性能;而冷却速度过快又导致生产困难程度和制造成本的增加,因此控制第二冷却速度为30~60℃/s。时效过程中部分奥氏体会转变为贝氏体,可以提高钢带强度,相变后贝氏体中的碳向没有发生贝氏体转变的奥氏体中转移,让奥氏体能够稳定保存到室温。该阶段决定了残奥的碳含量、体积分数以及分布大小,对于最终的产品性能起到了决定性影响。将经过时效处理的钢带以第三冷却速度2~10℃/s最后冷却至150℃及以下,该温度以下基本钢不再发生组织相变。此过程中,冷速不宜过快,防止时效过程中留下来的残余奥氏体在最终冷却过程中又生成新生马氏体影响钢带塑性。
进一步地,上述TRIP钢的制备方法还包括热镀锌处理步骤。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种冷轧钢板,由上述TRIP钢制得。
举例来说,钢板/钢带在经过冶炼、铸造;热轧、卷取;冷轧;连续退火步骤之后得到冷轧钢板。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种热镀锌钢板,包括上述冷轧钢板和在冷轧钢板表面形成的热镀锌层。
举例来说,在时效处理后,对钢带进行热镀锌处理工艺,将完成贝氏体转变的钢带浸入锌锅中表面镀锌以获得热镀锌退火钢板成品。
上述冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板的微观组织均包括铁素体、贝氏体、残余奥氏体及微量马氏体相,其中贝氏体含量为30~50%,残余奥氏体含量在10~12%,马氏体含量在2%以内,剩余为铁素体相;冷轧钢板和热镀锌钢板的力学性能也无明显差异。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明所述的TRIP钢以碳硅锰钢为基础,通过优化碳硅锰及铝配比,用部分Al来替代传统TRIP钢中的Si,既能起到抑制碳化物析出、稳定残余奥氏体的作用,以保证TRIP钢的力学性能,又能改善钢板表面质量及可镀性。采用本发明的元素组分可以解决高Si含量的TRIP钢热镀锌产品普遍存在的色差、漏镀等表面缺陷问题。
2、本发明中除了最基本的C、Si、Mn、Al元素外,不添加Ti、Nb、Cr、Mo等其他任何贵合金元素,能够在保证TRIP钢的综合力学性能和良好表面涂镀性能的前提下,最大幅度的降低物料生产成本、提高钢材的适用性,适合市场推广,具有良好的应用前景。
3、本发明中通过精确控制精轧终轧温度、卷取温度和连续退火过程的温度及冷速来保证最终得到的冷轧钢板及热镀锌钢板具有适宜的组织分布和晶粒大小,避免出现混晶或晶粒粗大等现象而影响钢的力学性能。
4、采用本发明的技术方案可以得到一种具有良好表面质量和综合力学性能的TRIP钢。该钢的组织包括体积分数为38~58%的铁素体、30~50%的贝氏体、10~12%的残余奥氏体和≤2%的马氏体,其中10μm以下的铁素体晶粒占比80%以上,其中5μm以下的铁素体晶粒占比60%以上,残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸≤2μm,残余奥氏体晶粒的平均C含量≥1wt%;该TRIP钢的屈服强度为420~600MPa,抗拉强度为800~950MPa,断裂延伸率为25%~35%,强塑积大于23GPa.%。
附图说明
附图仅用于示出具体实施例的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。
图1示出本发明实施例7的TRIP钢的微观组织形貌图;
图2示出本发明实施例7的TRIP钢的钢的金相组织EBSD图;
图3示出本发明实施例7的TRIP钢的热镀锌产品表面形貌图;
图4示出本发明对比例2的TRIP钢的热镀锌产品表面形貌图;
图5示出本发明对比例1的TRIP钢的热镀锌产品表面形貌图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭示的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。虽然本发明的描述将结合较佳实施例一起介绍,但这并不代表此发明的特征仅限于该实施方式。恰恰相反,结合实施方式作发明介绍的目的是为了覆盖基于本发明的权利要求而有可能延伸出的其它选择或改造。为了提供对本发明的深度了解,以下描述中将包含许多具体的细节。本发明也可以不使用这些细节实施。此外,为了避免混乱或模糊本发明的重点,有些具体细节将在描述中被省略。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例1-20以及对比例1-3
本发明中实施例1-20的TRIP钢采用以下步骤制得:
步骤1、冶炼、连铸:按表1所示化学成分冶炼并通过连铸铸造成板坯,连铸时中包目标温度控制在液相线温度以上15~30℃,且浇注过程中采用动态轻压下和电磁搅拌。
步骤2、热轧钢坯:板坯加热温度为1150~1250℃;粗轧后经精轧进一步轧制成要求厚度;精轧终轧温度为850~950℃。
步骤3、轧后冷却、卷取:轧后采用水冷,卷取温度为520~600℃。
步骤4、酸洗去除氧化铁皮。
步骤5、冷轧:采用50~70%的压下量冷轧上述热轧坯料,以达到要求目标厚度。
步骤6、连续退火、热镀锌:在退火保温温度800~860℃下保温60~200s后,以3~10℃/s的第一冷却速度冷至快冷开始温度690~730℃,以获得一定比例的铁素体;再以30~60℃/s的第二冷却速度快冷至快冷结束温度350~450℃;然后保温200~400s进行时效处理;在时效处理之后,对钢带/钢板进行热镀锌处理;最后以第三冷却速度2~10℃/s冷却至150℃以下,获得热镀锌退火钢板成品。
对比例1-3的TRIP钢也是通过冶炼、连铸,热轧、卷取,冷轧,连续退火和热镀锌步骤制备得到的,钢的化学成分和制备过程的工艺参数具体参见表1-2。
表1列出了实施例和对比例的TRIP钢的各化学元素的质量百分比。
表1.(%,余量为Fe和除了P、S、N以外的其他不可避免的杂质)
表2-1以及表2-2列出了实施例1-20的TRIP钢及对比例1-3的对比钢的具体工艺参数。
表2-1.实施例1-20及对比例1-3的TRIP钢制备方法采用的具体工艺参数
表2-2.实施例1-20及对比例1-3的TRIP钢制备方法采用的工艺参数
表3列出了实施例1-20和对比例1-3的TRIP钢的力学性能测试结果,采用ISO6892:1998(金属材料室温拉伸试验方法)、P14(A50)拉伸试样标准进行测试。
表3.实施例1-20及对比例1-3的TRIP钢的力学性能测试结果
编号 | YS/MPa | TS/MPa | UEL/% | TEL/% | 强塑积/GP<sub>a</sub>.% |
实施例1 | 421 | 877 | 20.7 | 28.2 | 24.73 |
实施例2 | 441 | 856 | 20.9 | 29.1 | 24.91 |
实施例3 | 453 | 843 | 20.7 | 30.3 | 25.54 |
实施例4 | 435 | 851 | 20.6 | 29.3 | 24.93 |
实施例5 | 571 | 947 | 19.7 | 25.3 | 23.96 |
实施例6 | 451 | 837 | 23.7 | 31.7 | 26.53 |
实施例7 | 495 | 821 | 24.9 | 33.1 | 27.18 |
实施例8 | 489 | 807 | 25.1 | 34.7 | 28.00 |
实施例9 | 597 | 936 | 18.9 | 25.3 | 23.68 |
实施例10 | 461 | 857 | 24.7 | 32.7 | 28.02 |
实施例11 | 457 | 867 | 23.2 | 31.6 | 27.40 |
实施例12 | 449 | 850 | 20.9 | 30.7 | 26.10 |
实施例13 | 457 | 849 | 20.7 | 30.5 | 25.89 |
实施例14 | 440 | 887 | 19.2 | 26.8 | 23.77 |
实施例15 | 435 | 893 | 19.8 | 27.6 | 24.65 |
实施例16 | 564 | 938 | 18.7 | 25.1 | 23.54 |
实施例17 | 468 | 876 | 22.7 | 30.5 | 26.72 |
实施例18 | 449 | 862 | 22.5 | 30.1 | 25.95 |
实施例19 | 432 | 821 | 21.7 | 30.2 | 24.79 |
实施例20 | 520 | 898 | 19.5 | 27.1 | 24.33 |
对比例1 | 387 | 780 | 17.3 | 23.9 | 18.64 |
对比例2 | 467 | 840 | 19.2 | 25.8 | 21.67 |
对比例3 | 400 | 860 | 14.1 | 19.6 | 16.86 |
由表3可以看出,本案实施例1-20的TRIP钢在保证强度的同时,塑性表现非常优异,屈服强度为420~600MPa,抗拉强度为800~950MPa,断裂延伸率为25%~35%。同时所述材料的强塑积大于23GPa.%,最高可达28GPa.%。
表4列出了实施例1-20的TRIP钢的微观组织观察结果。
表4.实施例1-20的TRIP钢的微观组织观察结果
结合表3和表4可以看出,本发明实施例1-20的TRIP钢的微观组织为体积分数为38~58%的铁素体+30%~50%的贝氏体+10%~12%的残余奥氏体+微量马氏体(≤2%),其中在铁素体中,10μm以下的晶粒占比80%以上,其中5μm以下的晶粒占比60%以上,残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸≤2μm、残余奥氏体晶粒的平均C含量≥1wt%,说明本发明各实施例的TRIP钢具有一定量的细晶粒铁素体,并具有良好的组织均匀性。同时本发明的TRIP钢中有含有相当含量的残余奥氏体,可以保证变形过程中的TRIP效应,使得各个实施例的TRIP钢可以在保证抗拉强度800MPa以上的同时具有极好的塑性。
由于钢种成分体系采用以Al代Si的设计理念来降低钢组分中的Si含量,使得钢材的表面质量大幅提升,可以解决高Si含量的热镀锌产品普遍存在的色差、漏镀等表面缺陷问题。图3和图4分别显示了实施例7与对比例2试制的热镀锌产品表面质量,通过对比可见实施例7的表面质量明显改善,无对比例2中板宽中心存在的典型色差表面缺陷。同时图5显示了对比例1试制的热镀锌产品表面质量,虽然其Si含量较低但是由于对比例1试制时选用的热轧卷曲温度太高也相应出现了表面色差缺陷。
图1为实施例7的TRIP钢的微观组织形貌图。图2为实施例7的TRIP钢的金相组织EBSD图。
结合图1和图2可以看出,实施例7的TRIP钢微观组织为54.43%的铁素体+33.10%的贝氏体+10.60%的残余奥氏体+1.87%的马氏体,其中在铁素体中,10μm以下的晶粒占比93.24%,5μm以下的晶粒占比62.88%,残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸为1.6μm;并且/或者残余奥氏体中平均C含量1.18wt%。该TRIP钢具有良好的综合力学性能,具体地,其屈服强度为495MPa,抗拉强度为821MPa,均匀延伸率为24.9%,断裂延伸率为33.1%,强塑积为27.18GPa.%。
综上所述,本发明所述的TRIP钢以碳硅锰钢为基础,为改善钢板表面质量及可镀性以Al代Si添加了一定的Al元素同时大幅降低了传统TRIP钢中普遍采用的Si含量,且不添加其他任何昂贵的合金元素,通过优化碳硅锰及铝配比,即可获得具有优异表面质量的高强塑积冷轧钢板及其热镀锌产品。采用本发明的技术方案得到的TRIP钢在同等强度条件下,具有更好的延伸率,在汽车安全结构件中将具有较好的应用前景,特别适合于制造形状复杂、对成形性能要求高的车辆结构件和安全件,如A/B柱、车门防撞杆、纵梁、保险杠等。
虽然通过参照本发明的某些优选实施方式,已经对本发明进行了图示和描述,但本领域的普通技术人员应该明白,以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。本领域技术人员可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,包括做出若干简单推演或替换,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种TRIP钢,其特征在于,包括以质量百分比计的化学成分:C:0.15~0.3%,Si:0.6~1.0%,Mn:1.7~2.5%,Al:0.5~0.9%,P≤0.01%,S≤0.01%,N≤0.007%,Fe≥90%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,C:0.15~0.3%,Si:0.6~1.0%,Mn:1.7~2.5%,Al:0.5~0.9%,P≤0.01%,S≤0.01%,N≤0.007%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,C的含量为0.17~0.23%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,Si的含量为0.7~0.9%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,Mn的含量为1.8~2.0%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,Al的含量为0.6~0.8%。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,所述TRIP钢的金相组织包括体积分数为38~58%的铁素体、30~50%的贝氏体、10~12%的残余奥氏体和≤2%的马氏体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,所述TRIP钢的铁素体中10μm以下的铁素体晶粒占比80%以上,其中5μm以下的铁素体晶粒占比60%以上,所述残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸≤2μm,所述残余奥氏体晶粒的平均C含量≥1wt%。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的TRIP钢,其特征在于,所述TRIP钢的屈服强度为420~600MPa,抗拉强度为800~950MPa,断裂延伸率为25%~35%,强塑积大于23GPa.%。
10.一种权利要求1~9中任一项所述的TRIP钢的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
冶炼、铸造;
热轧、卷取;
冷轧;
连续退火。
11.根据权利要求10所述的TRIP钢的制备方法,其特征在于,控制所述制备方法的工艺参数满足下述各项中的至少一项:
在所述冶炼、铸造步骤中,控制连铸过热度为15~30℃;
在所述热轧步骤中控制板坯加热温度为1150~1250℃,控制精轧终轧温度为850~950℃;
在所述卷取步骤中,控制卷取温度为520~600℃;
在所述连续退火步骤中,先以退火保温温度800~860℃保温60~200s,再以3~10℃/s的第一冷却速度冷至快冷开始温度690~730℃,再以30~60℃/s的第二冷却速度冷至快冷结束温度350~450℃,然后保温200~400s进行时效处理,最后以2~10℃/s的第三冷却速度冷却至150℃以下。
12.根据权利要求10所述的TRIP钢的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括热镀锌处理步骤。
13.一种冷轧钢板,其特征在于,由权利要求1-11任一项所述的TRIP钢制得。
14.一种热镀锌钢板,其特征在于,包括权利要求13所述的冷轧钢板和在所述冷轧钢板表面形成的热镀锌层。
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