CN115536594A - 5-氨基-2,3-二氢噻嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶体 - Google Patents
5-氨基-2,3-二氢噻嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115536594A CN115536594A CN202211145086.8A CN202211145086A CN115536594A CN 115536594 A CN115536594 A CN 115536594A CN 202211145086 A CN202211145086 A CN 202211145086A CN 115536594 A CN115536594 A CN 115536594A
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Abstract
本发明涉及5‑氨基‑2,3‑二氢噻嗪‑1,4‑二酮的结晶体。本发明提供了一种5‑氨基‑2,3‑二氢噻嗪‑1,4‑二酮(鲁米诺)新的结晶形式,公开了这种结晶形式作为检测剂或作为法医试剂的优点,以及含有这种结晶形式药物组合物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2017年2月15日、申请号为201780023199.1、发明名称为“5-氨基-2,3-二氢噻嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶体”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
几十年来,调查人员使用5-氨基-2,3-二氢噻嗪-1,4-二酮(鲁米诺或luminol)来检测犯罪现场的血液痕迹,即使有人努力清洗或去除血液也可被捡出(参见Barni等,Talanta 2007,72,896-913)。由血红蛋白中的铁催化氧化后鲁米诺发出强光使其成为敏感的检测器。自从第一份关于鲁米诺合成的报道发表以来,从环保领域到医学领域,鲁米诺已有了除法医学领域以外的许多其他应用(A.J.Schmitz,Ober das HydrazidderTrimesinsaure und der Hernimellithsaure,Heidelberg,1902)。例如,鲁米诺用于重金属检测或生物分析化学中生物传感(参见Klopf和Nieman,Anal.Chem.1983,55,1080-1083)。
然而,鲁米诺的碱性盐仅在最近才得到结构定性(Guzei等,J.Coord.Chem.2013,66,3722-3739),鲁米诺的钠盐在制药领域重新引起了人们的兴趣。鲁米诺的钠盐的免疫调节作用在治疗炎症和自身免疫性疾病方面显示出巨大的潜力。此外,鲁米诺的钠盐有丰富的多晶型,迄今为止已经定性的有三种晶体结构(参见WO2011/107295A1;PCT/EP2015/002555)。
然而,市售的鲁米诺粉末的结晶度一般,在PXRD(粉末X射线衍射图)中可见相当宽且重叠的反射的范围(参见实施例1和图1)。这对鲁米诺的通常用途,如法医中的应用和/或应用鲁米诺的水溶液,可能不是问题,但在有些应用中,人们非常希望用纯晶形鲁米诺。在许多药物应用中,优选使用的钠盐鲁米诺,但因为中性的鲁米诺在生理pH下仅在水溶液中难溶(在温和的碱性环境中较好,pH值为8-11),存在严重的长期稳定性的问题。然而,还有一些药物应用和剂型,则优先采用亲脂性的分子。例如,局部剂型,用于吸入给药的气溶胶,以及用于长期释放的延迟剂型。对于这些用途,优选地需要证明鲁米诺的纯度,生产方法的可重复性和活性剂的长期稳定性,这甚至是GMP标准和医疗监管部门所要求的。还有各种非水生物分析方法可以使用中性鲁米诺。它们的可靠性和可重复性也取决于明确定性的和稳定的鲁米诺分子,这通常是通过纯晶体形式实现的。
Paradies描述了结晶形式的鲁米诺(Ber.Bunsen-Ges.Phys.Chem 1992,96,1027-1031)。然而,使用这种结晶形式的鲁米诺受到阻碍,因为Paradies描述的生产方法繁琐且昂贵。他只能通过控制升华的方式获得这种结晶形式。晶体在180℃和5托(Torr)真空压力下密闭生长。有机化合物分子的晶体通过这种方法生长需要数周时间(J.Bernstein,“分子晶体的多态性”,牛津,2002年,第3.5.1章,第78页。)。根据Paradies(1992)和Pawelski(硕士论文,Marklsche Fachhochschule,德国,1989),本领域已知的其他结晶方法未能生长相纯的鲁米诺晶体。
因此,需要提供另一种结晶形式的鲁米诺和/或一种制备这种结晶形式的鲁米诺的新方法,其使用不昂贵的技术设备,且优选地需要更短的制备时间。
令人惊讶的是,发现了另一种结晶形式的鲁米诺。这个新的结构是通过PXRD(粉末X射线衍射)分析测定。PXRD是定性结晶体的标准分析方法。特征D或2-θ值可以从PXRD中导出。“D”表示面间距离,2-θ值表示以度为单位的2-θ角度。面间距离D(或:d)描述了晶体中两个连续平行晶格平面之间的垂直距离。布拉格角(Bragg angle theta,θ)表示入射X射线(波长,λ)在晶体的晶格平面处反射而产生X射线衍射的特征角。这两个参数都是通过布拉格定律联系起来的:
nλ=2d sin(θ)
得到D和θ的特征值,就可以完全充分地定性一个晶体。
表一显示根据Paradies论文计算得到的结晶形式的鲁米诺的D和2-θ值。具有最高振幅的峰值被视为100%,进而计算其他峰的相对强度。
表1:D值,2-θ值和相对强度I/Io
根据现有技术的这种结晶形式的鲁米诺在本说明书中称为晶形I。
表二显示发明新结晶形式鲁米诺的PXRD的测定值。
表2:D值,2-θ值和相对强度I/Io
本发明这种新的结晶形式的鲁米诺在本说明书中称为晶形II。
形式II经里特韦尔精化(Rietveld refinement)后得到的PXRD图显示在图2中。比较表1和2中给出的D值,2-θ值和相对峰强度清楚地表明,形式II与形式I具有显着不同的结晶学参数。这证明形式II是鲁米诺的新多晶型物。与市售的鲁米诺相比,显着提高了结构的分辨率和相纯度,可以看到锐利且清晰分辨的反射峰。
图3A+B显示从PXRD计算的分子堆积的比较,A为Paradies发表的晶形I,B为本发明新的晶形II。在图4分别描绘了相邻层三聚体的层叠移位,可以看出两者不同的层叠。这些模型也证实了两个结晶形式的结构差异。
因此鲁米诺显示出至少两种晶形的多晶型(polymorphism)。
新晶形II可以通过一种令人惊讶的简单方法(例2)制备,包括
以下步骤:
a)将艾米特钠盐(Na-Iuminolate)溶解在软化水,搅拌溶液;
b)在1秒至60分钟的时间内,在5至50℃的温度范围内,向所述溶液中加入盐酸(10-38%)。
c)过滤沉淀物;
d)用软化水洗涤沉淀物至少一次;和
e)在室温下干燥沉淀物6至48小时。
室温是指20±5℃的温度范围。
上述方法产生具有相纯的晶形II,即高纯度的鲁米诺晶体。因此,本发明通过提供新的晶形II鲁米诺及其制备方法实现了本专利申请的目的。
本发明的方法(步骤a-d)分别可以在5到50℃,优选10到30℃,最优选在22℃,的温度下进行。
步骤b)中加入的盐酸浓度可以为10-38%,优选15至25%,最优选17%。
在步骤b)中加入盐酸的时间范围为1秒至60分钟,优选从10分钟到40分钟,最优选的是30分钟。
根据本发明方法的步骤d),必须将沉淀物洗涤至少一次时间。优选将沉淀物洗涤至少两次,最优选至少洗涤三次。
本发明方法的干燥步骤e)的时间范围为6至48小时,优选从10到24小时,最优选的是12小时。
在一个优选的实施方案中,新的结晶鲁米诺晶型II的结晶水含量为0.4%。这对应于多晶型物的相纯度。
在一个优选实施例。根据本发明的方法采用以下参数:
步骤a)至e)在室温下进行。
步骤b)中使用17%盐酸
在步骤b)中经30分钟加入盐酸。
在步骤c)中将沉淀物洗涤三次
将沉淀物干燥12小时。
在另一实施方案中,步骤d)洗涤过的沉淀物在步骤e)的干燥是在25-200℃/1100-5毫巴的冷冻干燥器中真空干燥,其中通过以下方法除去先前冷冻结晶产物中的残余溶剂:在0.1毫巴下升华,或在25-180℃/1050-1毫巴的旋转蒸发器中升华,直到获得恒定质量。
因此,5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮(鲁米诺)的新结晶形式II与现有技术的结晶形式I相比有如下优点:
·所需要的技术设备更简单
·因此,采用本发明方法的生产成本显着降低
·通过更简单的方法获得更高的重复性(减少潜在的失败)
·获得结晶所需的时间明显缩短
鲁米诺有广泛的分析应用,无论是生物科学领域还是材料科学领域。在大多数情况下,使用鲁米诺在氧化时的化学发光作为一种侦探工具,在少数情况下也利用其荧光。特别是,如果应检测物质是微量,需要采用超灵敏检测方法。这样超灵敏方法需要严格定义的检测剂的量和结构以及可靠且可重复的制造方法。因此,特别是对于这些应用方法,优选使用相纯结晶形式的鲁米诺替代现有市售的产品。Khan等(2015年,“应用生物化学与生物技术”173,第333页-355)完面地综述了使用鲁米诺作为检测剂的现有分析方法,涵盖了临床实验室,临床等领域研究,免疫分析法,生物传感器,肿瘤学,核酸分析,基于报告基因测定,细胞化学,细胞发光定位某些细胞或分子,蛋白质定量,环境监测,Hg2+和Cu2+检测和定量,法医学,DNA检测,医院环境中的血液检测和制药分析,例如流动注射,药物追踪和活性剂的药代动力学。
在所有这些领域可以使用鲁米诺的新结晶形式II。
因此,本发明还涉及所述鲁米诺新结晶形式II作为检测剂的用途。在特别优选的实施方案中,鲁米诺结晶型II用于非水环境中的检测方法,其中可直接采用鲁米诺结晶。
实例是十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),毛细管电泳,分子固定在聚合物膜上的测试系统,基于微阵列的系统,质谱,电子显微镜或阴极鲁米诺在玻碳电极上的电致化学发光(EC1)(参见Haghighi等。
2015Electrochimica Acta 154,259-265)。
进一步特别优选的分析方法包括用于检测分析DMSO在中等强度的碱性质子溶剂(pH 8-11)中,如在水或低级醇中,因为中性鲁米诺可以很容易地在其中溶解。
此外,在特别优选的实施方案中,本发明还涉及所述结晶鲁米诺II型用于法医的用途(综述:Pax,国际协会,血迹模式分析。通讯2205期,第11-15页)。相纯鲁米诺晶体最重要的应用领域之一是在制药方面的用途。通常,将药物活性成分以药学上可接受的剂型给予患者。因此,本申请还指包含本发明的结晶形式II(氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1α-二酮)和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。
术语“药物组合物”是指根据本发明的至少一种活性物质药剂以合适的剂量和剂型与至少一种合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体物质加在一起,以及任选的至少一种现有技术中已知的其他药剂。在本申请中使用术语“赋形剂”来描述药物组合物中除了结晶形式的鲁米诺之外的组分。合适的赋形剂的选择取决于各种因素,例如剂形和剂量以及赋形剂本身对组合物的溶解度和稳定性的影响。
术语“作用”描述了相应物质的固有的生物作用的特定模式。
在本申请中,术语“效果”和“治疗效果”是指在施用了至少一种本发明的活性物质后对生物体产生的具有因果关系的有益后果。
就本申请而言,“有效治疗剂量”意指施用足够剂量的至少一种本发明的活性物质给予需要这种治疗的生物体或患者。
术语“联合施用”,“合并施用”或“同时施用”至少一种根据本发明的药剂和至少一种现有技术的药剂,包括在同一时间或在彼此接近的时间点,以及在一个连贯的实验中的不同时间,给予所述药剂。所述药剂的给药时间顺序排列不受这些术语的限制。本领域技术人员不会有任何困难根据其自己知识和经验来推断所描述的具体的给药时间顺序。
术语“生物体”是指各种动物,特别是脊椎动物,特别是灵长类动物,最特别的是人。就本申请而言,“病人”是一个患有可定义、可诊断的疾病的生物体,或易感这些疾病的生物体,且施用合适的活性剂可用于预防或治疗这些生物体。
在本申请的意义上,术语“医学”应指人医学和兽医学。
术语“预防”,“治疗”和“医疗”包括施用至少一种根据本发明的合适活性剂,单独或与至少一种本领域已知的药剂组合使用,以防止某种疾病的发展,抑制或缓解症状,或启动一种疾病愈合过程。
根据本发明使用的化合物的药物制剂可以是通过任何合适的方式给药,例如口服(包括口腔和舌下),直肠,阴道,鼻腔,吸入,呼吸,肺泡,局部(包括口腔,舌下,结膜或透皮),或肠胃外(包括腹膜内,皮下,肌内,静脉内,动脉内或皮内)。
制剂可以通过制药领域中已知的任何方法制备,将活性剂与至少一种载体或赋形剂混合。
因此,本申请还涉及含有鲁米诺结晶形式II和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物,其中所述至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂选自载体,粘合剂,润滑剂,助流剂,崩解剂,着色剂,缓冲剂,防腐剂,增溶剂,乳化剂,渗透促进剂,抗氧化剂,稀释剂,pH调节剂,fatiquors,溶剂,稠度增强剂,hydrotopes,甜味剂,酸化剂,增稠剂,调味物质和芳香物质。
合适的载体是本领域已知的所有载体及其组合。对于固体剂量形式,它们可以是例如植物和动物脂肪,蜡,石蜡,淀粉,黄蓍胶,纤维素衍生物,聚乙二醇,有机硅,膨润土,二氧化硅,滑石,氧化锌或上述物质的混合物。适用于液体剂型和乳液,载体是例如溶剂,增溶剂,乳化剂如水,乙醇,异丙醇,碳酸乙酯,乙酸乙酯,苯甲醇,苯甲酸苄酯,丙烯,乙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,棉籽油,花生油,橄榄油,蓖麻油,芝麻油,甘油,脂肪酸酯,聚乙二醇,脱水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯,或其混合物。根据本发明的悬浮液可以使用本领域中已知的载体,例如稀释剂(例如水,乙醇或丙二醇),乙氧基化的异硬脂基醇类,聚氧乙烯和聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯,微晶纤维素,膨润土,琼脂,黄蓍胶。
适用于口服剂型的药物制剂可以是单独给药的计量单位,如胶囊,片剂,糖衣片或丸剂;粉末或颗粒;果汁,水溶液或非水液体中的糖浆,滴剂,茶,溶液或悬浮液;食用泡沫或摩丝;或在乳液中的水包油或油包水中。
例如,在口服剂型如片剂或胶囊中,活性剂可以与口服,无毒和药学上可接受的惰性载体结合使用,如乙醇,甘油或水。通过将化合物研磨成合适的微粒来制备粉末,并与以类似方式研磨的药物载体相混合,例如,可食用的碳水化合物,如淀粉或甘露醇。同时可以加入香精,防腐剂,分散剂或着色剂。
胶囊可以通过如前所述制备粉末混合物并将其填充到成形明胶袋中而制成。助流剂和润滑剂,如高度分散的二氧化硅,滑石粉,硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸钙或聚乙二醇可以作为固体加入到粉末混合物中。崩解剂或增溶剂,如琼脂,碳酸钙或碳酸钠可以以同样的方式加入,以改善胶囊摄入后药物的利用度。另外,如果需要或必要,合适的粘合剂和/或着色剂也可以加入混合物中。
术语“粘合剂”是指将粉末粘合在一起的物质,使其在颗粒形成过程中聚集一起,即在该剂型充当了“粘着剂”。粘合剂增加了所含稀释剂或填料的内聚强度。
合适的粘合剂是来自小麦,玉米,大米或马铃薯的淀粉,天然的明胶,糖,如葡萄糖,蔗糖或β-乳糖,玉米甜味剂,天然合成树胶,如阿拉伯树胶,黄蓍胶或海藻酸铵钙,藻酸钠,羧甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,羟丙基羧甲基纤维素,聚乙二醇,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,镁铝硅酸盐,蜡等。组合物中粘合剂的百分比的范围是1至30重量%,优选2至20重量%,更优选3至10重量%,最优选3-6%重量。
术语“润滑剂”是指添加到剂型中用于促进片剂,颗粒等从压模或出口喷嘴中释放出来的的物质。它们减少了摩擦或磨损。通常在压制前不久加入润滑剂,它们应该存在于颗粒的表面上以及它们与压模相间的地方。组合物中润滑剂的量可在0.05-15重量%区间,优选0.2至5重量%,更优选0.3至3重量%,最优选0.3至1.5重量%。
合适的润滑剂是a.o.油酸钠,金属硬脂酸盐如硬脂酸钠,钙硬脂酸,硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸,苯甲酸钠,乙酸钠,氯化钠,硼酸,具有高熔点的蜡,聚乙烯乙二醇。
助流剂是防止各个材料饼化并改善材料颗粒流动特性使流动顺畅和恒定。
合适的助流剂包括二氧化硅,硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸钠,淀粉和,滑石粉。组合物中助流剂的量可以在0.01至10重量%之间,优选为每重量0.1至7重量%,更优选为0.2至5重量%,最优选每重量0.5至2重量%。
术语崩解剂是指添加到组合物中以促进它们分散的物质。合适的崩解剂可选自淀粉,冷水溶性淀粉如羧甲基淀粉,纤维素衍生物如甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠,微晶纤维素和交联微晶纤维素如交联羧甲基纤维素钠,天然和合成树胶等如瓜尔(guar),琼脂,刺梧(Indian tragacanth),刺槐豆胶,黄蓍胶,粘土如膨润土,黄原胶,海藻酸盐如海藻酸和海藻酸钠,发泡成分a.o.支持水分膨胀的有例如淀粉,纤维素衍生物,藻酸盐,多糖,葡聚糖和交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。组合物中崩解剂的量可以在1至40重量%之间,优选3至20重量%,最优选5至10重量%。
着色剂是赋予组合物或剂型颜色的赋形剂。这些可以是食品着色剂。它们可以吸附在合适的吸附物上如粘土或氧化铝。组合物中着色剂的量可在0.01和10重量%之间,优选0.05至6重量%,更优选0.1至4重量%,最优选0.1至1重量%。
合适的食品着色剂是姜黄素,核黄素,核黄素-5'-磷酸盐,柠檬黄,链烷醇,喹啉黄WS,Fast Yellow AB,核黄素-5'-磷酸钠,黄色2G,日落黄FCF,橙GGN,胭脂红,胭脂红酸,柑橘红2,carmoisine,苋菜,Ponceau 4R,Ponceau SX,Ponceau6R,赤藓红,2G红色,Allura红AC,Indathrene蓝RS,专利蓝V,靛蓝胭脂红,亮蓝FCF,叶绿素和叶绿酸,叶绿素的铜络合物和叶绿素,绿色S,快速绿色FCF,普通焦糖,焦糖亚硫酸盐焦糖,氨焦糖,亚硫酸盐焦糖,黑色PN,炭黑,植物碳,棕色FK,棕色HT,α-胡萝卜素,β-胡萝卜素,γ-胡萝卜素,annatto,bixin,norbixin,辣椒油树脂,辣椒红素,辣椒红素,番茄红素,β-apo-8'-胡萝卜素,β-apo-8'-胡萝卜酸乙酯,黄酮黄素,叶黄素,隐黄质,红霉素,紫黄质,紫罗兰黄素,角黄素,玉米黄质,柠檬黄素,虾青素,βnin,花青素,藏红花,碳酸钙,二氧化钛,氧化铁,氢氧化铁,铝,银,金,颜料红宝石,单宁,orcein,葡萄糖酸亚铁和乳酸亚铁。
片剂是先生产、制粒或干压粉末混合物,添加润滑剂和崩解剂并将混合物压制成片剂。粉末混合物是如上所述,通过将适当研磨的化合物与稀释剂或基质混合制备。如果适用,可加粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素,海藻酸盐,明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;溶解延迟剂,例如石蜡;吸收促进剂,例如季盐,和/或吸收剂等,例如,膨润土,高岭土或磷酸二钙。粉末混合物可以通过用粘合剂润湿来造粒,例如糖浆,淀粉糊,金合欢属纤维素或纤维素或聚合物材料的溶液,并将其挤压过筛。作为造粒的替代方案,粉末混合物可以通过压片机,产生不均匀形状的块状物,其被破碎形成颗粒。可以通过添加硬脂酸,硬脂酸盐,滑石粉或矿物油来润滑颗粒,以防止粘附到片剂铸模上。然后将润滑的混合物压制成片剂。根据本发明的化合物还可以与自由流动的惰性赋形剂组合,然后直接压制成片剂而不进行造粒或干压步骤。
液体剂型包含溶液,悬浮液和乳液。实例是用于肠胃外注射的水和水/丙二醇溶液,或用于口服溶液,悬浮液和乳液的甜味剂或乳浊剂的添加。液体剂型还可包含用于鼻内给药的溶液。
此外,缓冲液或缓冲溶液在液体制剂中是优选的,特别是对于药物液体制剂。术语缓冲剂,缓冲系统和缓冲溶液,特别是在水溶液中,是指一系统抵抗酸或碱变化的能力(添加酸碱,或溶剂稀释时)。优选的缓冲系统可选自甲酸盐,乳酸盐,苯甲酸,草酸盐,富马酸盐,苯胺,乙酸盐缓冲液,柠檬酸盐缓冲液,谷氨酸盐缓冲液,磷酸盐缓冲液,琥珀酸盐,吡啶,邻苯二甲酸盐,组氨酸,MES(2-吗啉代乙磺酸,马来酸,二甲胂酸盐(砷酸二甲酯),碳酸,ADA(N-(2-乙酰氨基)亚氨基二乙酸,PIPES(4-哌嗪-双乙磺酸,BIS-TRIS丙烷(1,3-双[三(羟甲基)甲基氨基]丙烷),乙二胺,ACES(2-[(氨基-2-)氧代乙基)氨基]乙磺酸,咪唑,MOPS(3-(N-吗啉代)-丙磺酸,二乙基丙二酸,TES(2-[三(羟甲基)甲基]氨基乙磺酸,HEPES(N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N'-2-乙磺酸),以及pKa在3.8和7.7之间的其他缓冲剂。
优选的是碳酸缓冲剂,例如缓冲剂和二羧酸缓冲剂,例如富马酸盐,酒石酸盐和邻苯二甲酸盐,以及三羧酸缓冲剂,例如柠檬酸盐。
另一组优选的缓冲剂如硫酸氢盐,硼酸氢氧化物,碳酸氢盐,草酸盐氢氧化物,氢氧化钙和磷酸盐缓冲剂。含氮缓冲剂如咪唑,二乙二胺和哌嗪。(2-羟基-1,1-双-(羟甲基)乙基)氨基]-1-丙磺酸(TAPS),4-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-1-丙磺酸(EEPS),4-吗啉代-丙磺酸(MOPS)和N,N-双-(2-羟乙基)-2-氨基乙磺酸(BES)。
另一组优选的缓冲剂是甘氨酸,甘氨酰-甘氨酸,甘氨酰-甘氨酰-甘氨酸,N,N-双-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸和N-[2-羟基-双(羟甲基)乙基]甘氨酸(tricine)。优选还有氨基酸缓冲剂,例如甘氨酸,丙氨酸,缬氨酸,亮氨酸,异亮氨酸,丝氨酸,苏氨酸,苯丙氨酸,酪氨酸,色氨酸,赖氨酸,精氨酸,组氨酸,天冬氨酸,谷氨酸,天冬酰胺。,ε-N-乙酰基赖氨酸,[谷氨酰胺,半胱氨酸,蛋氨酸,脯氨酸,4-羟基脯氨酸,N,N,N-三甲基赖氨酸,3-甲基组氨酸,5-羟基-赖氨酸,邻磷酸丝氨酸,γ-羧基谷氨酸,ω-N-甲基精氨酸,瓜氨酸,鸟氨酸及其衍生物。
对于液体剂型或补充剂防腐剂可以按需使用。它们可以选自山梨酸,山梨酸钾,山梨酸钠,山梨酸钙,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,甲基对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,苯甲酸,苯甲酸钠来选择,苯甲酸钾,苯甲酸钙,庚基对羟基苯甲酸;甲基钠对-羟基苯甲酸酯,钠乙基对-羟基苯甲酸酯,钠丙基对-羟基苯甲酸酯,苄醇,苯扎氯铵,苯基乙基醇,甲酚,氯化十六烷基吡啶,氯丁醇,硫柳汞(sodium 2-(ethylmercurithio)benzoicacid),二氧化硫,亚硫酸钠,亚硫酸氢钠,焦亚硫酸钠,焦亚硫酸钾,亚硫酸钾,亚硫酸钙,亚硫酸氢钙,亚硫酸钾,联苯,邻苯基苯酚,邻苯基苯酚钠,噻苯达唑,乳链菌肽,游霉素,甲酸,甲酸钠,甲酸钙,六胺,甲醛,二碳酸二甲酯,亚硝酸钾,亚硝酸钠,硝酸钠,硝酸钾,乙酸,醋酸钾,醋酸钠,二乙酸钠,醋酸钙,乙酸铵,脱氢乙酸,脱氢乙酸钠,乳酸,丙酸,丙酸钠,丙酸钙,丙酸钾,硼酸,四硼酸钠,二氧化碳,苹果酸,富马酸,溶菌酶,铜-(II)-硫酸盐,氯,二氧化氯和本领域技术人员已知的其他合适的物质或溶液。
特别优选药物组合物是适于通过吸入或静脉内注射给药的冻干剂(干燥冷冻制剂)。制备时,将本发明的化合物溶解在4-5%甘露醇溶液中,再将其干燥冷冻,甘露醇溶液可以在如前所述的合适的缓冲溶液中制备。合适的低温保护剂(也是填充剂或稳定剂)的其他实例是无硫醇白蛋白,免疫球蛋白,聚环氧烷(即PEG,聚丙二醇),海藻糖,葡萄糖,蔗糖,山梨糖醇,葡聚糖,麦芽糖,棉子糖,水苏糖和其它糖类。甘露醇是优选的,它们可以以本领域技术人员已知的常规量用于冻干过程。
为了制备含有本发明化合物的栓剂剂型,首先熔化具有低熔点的蜡以及可可脂的混合物,然后在搅拌或其他混合方法下均匀分散5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮。将熔融的均匀混合物转移到合适的模具中,然后冷却直至固化。对于局部应用本发明的化合物,乳膏,乳液,洗剂,凝胶,水凝胶,糊剂,粉末,软膏,搽剂,薄膜,脂质体,皮肤贴剂,透皮贴剂,透皮喷雾剂或混悬剂是合适的。
适合作为表面活性增溶剂(增溶剂)的化合物如二乙二醇单乙酯,聚乙二醇丙二醇共聚物,环糊精如α-和β-环糊精,甘油单硬脂酸酯如Solutol HS 15(聚乙二醇-15-羟基,自BASF),PEG 660-15羟基硬脂酸酯),脱水山梨糖醇酯,聚氧乙二醇,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,聚氧乙烯氧代硬脂酸甘油三酯,聚乙烯醇,十二烷基硫酸钠,(阴离子)甘油单油酸酯等。
乳化剂可以选自例如下面的阴离子和非离子乳化剂:阴离子乳化剂蜡,鲸蜡醇,鲸蜡硬脂醇,硬脂酸,油酸,聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物,2-60摩尔氧化乙烯蓖麻油的加成产物和/或硬化蓖麻油,羊毛蜡油(羊毛脂),失水山梨醇酯,聚氧乙烯烷基酯,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯,聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯,聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯,聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯,硬脂酸聚氧化乙烯,聚乙烯醇,偏酒石酸,酒石酸钙,海藻酸,藻酸钠,藻酸钾,藻酸铵,藻酸钙,丙烷-1,2-二醇藻酸盐,角叉菜胶,加工麒麟菜海藻,刺槐豆胶,黄蓍胶,阿拉伯树胶,口香糖,刺梧桐树胶,结冷胶,印度胶,葡萄糖,果胶,酰胺化果胶,铵磷脂;溴化植物油,蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯,木松香的甘油酯,磷酸二钠,磷酸三钠磷酸,二磷酸四钠,磷酸二钙二磷酸盐,二氢钙二磷酸酯,三磷酸钠,聚氧化乙烯三磷酸,多聚磷酸钠,钙聚磷酸钠,聚磷酸钙,聚,铵多磷酸盐,β-环糊精,粉状纤维素,甲基纤维素,乙基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,乙基甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,乙基羟乙基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素,酶促水解羧甲基纤维素,甘油单酯和脂肪酸的甘油二酯,单硬脂酸甘油酯,二硬脂酸甘油酯,乙酸单酯和脂肪酸的甘油二酯,单-乳酸酯和脂肪酸的甘油二酯,单酯的柠檬酸酯和脂肪酸的甘油二酯,脂肪酸甘油单酯和甘油二酯的酒石酸酯,脂肪酸甘油单酯和甘油二酯的单-和二乙酰酒石酸酯,脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯的混合乙酸和酒石酸酯,琥珀酰化甘油单酯,脂肪酸蔗糖酯,蔗糖甘油酯,聚甘油脂肪酸酯,聚甘油聚蓖麻油酸酯,丙烷-1,2-二醇脂肪酸酯,丙二醇脂肪酸酯,甘油的乳酸化脂肪酸酯和,丙烷-1,热氧化大豆油相互作用与单酯和脂肪酸,二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠,硬脂酰-2-乳酸钠,硬脂酰-2-乳酸钙,硬脂酰酒石酸盐,柠檬酸硬脂酯,硬脂酰富马酸钠,硬脂酰富马酸二酯基,硬脂基酒石酸盐,柠檬酸硬脂酯,硬脂酰富马酸钠,硬脂酰富马酸盐,十二烷基硫酸钠,乙氧基化单和二甘油酯,甲基葡糖苷椰油酯,山梨醇单硬脂酸酯,脱水山梨醇tristrearate,脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯,脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯,脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯,磷酸钠钙,多磷酸钙,多磷酸铵,胆酸,胆碱盐,二淀粉甘油,淀粉乙醇酸钠辛烯基琥珀酸,乙酰化氧化淀粉。
优选甘油单油酸酯,硬脂酸,磷脂如卵磷脂。
合适的甘油三酯是中链和高分子甘油三酯。中链甘油三酯是仅含6-12个碳原子的脂肪酸甘油酯,如辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯。高分子甘油三酯是具有长链脂肪酸的甘油脂肪酸酯,例如从天然存在的脂肪中提取的甘油三酯混合物。优选的是中链甘油三酯,特别是辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯。
渗透增强剂通常用于局部剂型中。合适的渗透增强剂包括本领域中已知的所有药学上可接受的渗透促进剂,例如,非限制性地,氮酮如月桂氮卓酮(laurocapran),1-十二烷基-2-酮;亚砜如二甲亚砜,DMAC,DMF;吡咯烷酮如2-吡咯烷酮,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮;醇类,如乙醇,1,2-丙二醇或癸醇;二醇,如丙二醇,二甘醇,四甘醇;脂肪酸如油酸,月桂酸,月桂基硫酸钠,肉豆蔻酸,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯酸,癸酸;表面活性剂如聚氧乙烯-2-油基醚,聚氧乙烯-2-硬脂基醚;萜烯;萜类化合物;恶唑烷酮类;尿素;神经酰胺类似物,氮酮类似物,薄荷醇衍生物,醚化衍生物,酯化的衍生物,转卡巴姆(transkarbams),氨基甲酸盐,TXA衍生物,DDAIP(十二烷基2-(二甲基氨基)丙酸乙酯),DDAK,天然精油(它们都在在Chen等人的论文中列出,(Asian J.Pharm.Sc.9,51-64,2014)。柠檬酸酯如柠檬酸三乙酯;疏水蛋白多肽,α-红没药醇;二甲基异山梨醇(DIM);乙氧基。优选为1,2-丙二醇。
适用于局部应用的防腐剂的典型实例是苯甲酸苄酯,苯甲酸,苯甲醇,苯扎氯铵,N-十六烷基-N-N-三甲基溴化铵(Cetrimid,Merck),氯己定,氯丁醇,氯甲酚,咪脲,对羟基苯甲酸酯,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠,山梨酸钾,苯甲酸钠,丙酸钠,苯酚,苯氧基乙醇,苯基汞,苯基汞,苯基汞,苯基汞,山梨酸酸或硫柳汞(甲基汞硫代水杨酸钠)。优选的是对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯以及对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠。
在局部剂型中,特别优选地添加抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂的合适实例包括偏亚硫酸氢钠,α-生育酚,抗坏血酸,马来酸,抗坏血酸钠,抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,丁基化羟基苯甲醚,丁基化羟基甲苯,富马酸或丙基没食子酸酯。优选使用偏亚硫酸氢钠。
适用于局部剂型的pH调节剂有如氢氧化钠,盐酸,缓冲物质如磷酸二氢钠或磷酸氢二钠。乳膏制剂还可含有其他赋形剂和添加剂,例如用于改善流动特性的fatiquors,溶剂,稠度增强剂或水溶助长剂。此处混合物中可存在来自同一组添加剂或赋形剂的单一物质和几种物质。
合适的fatiquors如油酸癸二酸酯,水合蓖麻油,轻质矿物油,矿物油,聚乙二醇,十二烷基硫酸钠。
合适的溶剂有玉米油,棉籽油,花生油,芝麻油,大豆油,油酸乙酯,甘油,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,棕榈酸异丙酯,聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇。
稠度增强剂是鲸蜡醇,十六烷基酯蜡,水合蓖麻油,微晶蜡,非离子乳化剂蜡,蜂蜡,石蜡或硬脂醇。
合适的水溶助长剂是醇,如乙醇,异丙醇或多元醇,如甘油。
根据本发明的制剂可以进一步含有添加剂。它们选自芳香和调味物质,特别是精油,维生素和盖伦制剂,选自糖,糖替代品,营养甜味剂,酸化剂,增溶剂如水,乙二醇,甘油,增稠剂,甜味剂,着色剂或防腐剂或其组合,取决于具体的盖仑制剂型。
可用于此目的合适的芳香和调味物质主要是精油。一般来说,这个术语指来自具有特征气味的植物或植物部分的挥发性提取物。它们可以通过蒸汽蒸馏从植物或植物的部分提取。
例如:精油,为芳香物质来自鼠尾草,丁香,洋甘菊,茴香,八角茴香,百里香,茶树,薄荷,薄荷油,薄荷脑,桉油,桉树油,芒果,无花果,薰衣草油,洋甘菊花,松针,柏树,橘子,红木,李子,醋栗,樱桃,白桦叶,肉桂,酸橙,葡萄柚,橙子,杜松,缬草,柠檬香脂,柠檬草,凤梨,蔓越莓,石榴,迷迭香,姜,菠萝,番石榴,紫锥菊,常春藤叶提取物,蓝莓,柿子,甜瓜等或混合物,以及薄荷醇的混合物,薄荷和八角油或薄荷和樱桃味。
这些芳香或调味物质用量,相对于总组合物,为0.0001to 10%重量,优选0.001至6%重量,更优选0.001至4%重量,最优选0.01至1%重量。对于具体个例,使用不同的量可能是有利的。
本发明的主题也包括采用本发明的方法生产的鲁米诺的结晶形式,添加如前所述、任选地活性剂组合,用于制备口服给药制剂,冻干制剂,液体制剂或局部制剂。
前述配方和药物组合物,除鲁米诺的结晶形式II外,还可含有至少一种其他活性剂,其包括如甾体和非甾体抗炎药,免疫调节剂,免疫抑制剂,抗生素,抗感染药,抗病毒药,抗真菌药,镇痛药,局部麻醉药,抗凝血剂,血小板聚集抑制剂,肌肉松弛剂,滋补剂和合成代谢剂。这种活性剂的组合可用于需要这种给药的人,以达到预防和/或治疗目的。
甾体抗炎药的合适实例是皮质类固醇,糖皮质激素,可的松,醋酸可的松,氢化可的松,醋酸氢化可的松,地塞米松,倍他米松,泼尼松,泼尼松龙,甲基强的松龙,三烯酮,曲安奈德,新戊酸托吡卡因,莫米松,氨苄西林,布地奈德,地奈德,氟轻松,氟喹诺酮,哈西奈德,氟考龙,氢化可的松-17-戊酸,卤米美酮,二丙酸倍氯米松,戊酸倍他米松,二丙酸倍他米松,泼尼卡酯,丁酮酸17-丁酸酯,氯倍他索-17-丙酸酯,己酸可乐龙酯,新戊酸氟卡松,醋酸氟哌啶酮,氢化可的松-17-丁酸盐,氢化可的松-17-乙酸盐,氢化可的松-17-丁烯酸盐,环索奈德,氟尼缩松,氟替卡松糠酸盐,丙酸氟替卡松,曲安奈德,二丙酸倍氯米松。
非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)的合适实例有乙酰水杨酸,水杨酸和水杨酸酯,对乙酰氨基酚(对乙酰氨基酚),水杨酸盐,二氟尼柳,布洛芬、右布洛芬、萘普生、非诺洛芬、酮洛芬、右旋酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、奥沙普秦、洛索洛芬、吲哚美辛、托美丁、舒林酸、依托洛克、酮咯酸、双氯芬酸、醋氯芬酸、萘丁美酮、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、替诺昔康,屈昔康,氯诺昔康,异氧西康,苯巴比妥,甲芬那酸,甲氯芬酸,氟灭酸,托芬那酸,赛洛昔布、罗非昔布、伐地昔布、帕瑞昔布、鲁米可昔、依地昔布、呋昔布、尼美舒利、氯尼辛、利福平,H-哈帕胺,氟尼辛,噻洛芬酸。
免疫调节剂(IMIDs)的合适的实例包括沙利度胺、来那度胺、扑美达胺和阿普雷司特。
抗病毒剂的合适实例包括安克里维罗克,阿普拉维罗克,杀鼠威,恩福韦肽,马拉维罗克,维他洛克,金刚烷胺,金刚乙胺,普利康利,碘氧尿苷,阿昔洛韦,布鲁伏定,泛昔洛韦,喷昔洛韦,索利伏定,伐昔洛韦,西多福韦,更昔洛韦,缬更昔洛韦,索福斯韦,膦甲酸钠,利巴韦林,塔拉巴韦,氟比韦,奈布韦,替戈布韦,磷地韦、法维吡拉韦、美美罗培底、阿苏那普韦、巴拉韦韦、博西普韦、西拉普雷韦、多诺普雷韦、达克拉他韦、纳拉普雷韦、特拉普雷韦,西米普利,凡尼普尔,瑞宾特威尔,氟米维森,阿米替韦,阿利匹维韦,贝维拉特,莱特莫韦,拉那米韦,奥司他韦,帕拉米韦,扎那米韦。
免疫刺激剂的合适实例包括干扰素(α-,β-,γ-,τ-interferon)、白细胞介素、CSF、PDGF、EGF、IGF、THF、左旋咪唑、二甲哌醇、肌苷。
免疫抑制剂的合适实例有如前所述的糖皮质激素,细胞抑制剂如烷化剂(如环磷酰胺),抗代谢物如甲氨蝶呤,硫唑嘌呤,巯嘌呤,氟尿嘧啶,来氟米特,蛋白质合成抑制剂和某些抗生素如dactinornycine,蒽环霉素,丝裂霉素C,博来霉素和mithramycine,插入剂等米托蒽醌;抗体如muromonab-CD3,利妥昔单抗,ustekinumab,阿仑单抗,那他珠单抗,巴利昔单抗和达利珠单抗;作用于亲免蛋白的药剂,如环孢素,他克莫司和西罗莫司;以及未分类的免疫抑制剂,如β-干扰素,γ-干扰素,阿片类药物,TNF-结合蛋白,如英夫利昔单抗,依那西普,阿达木单抗或姜黄素,儿茶酚,麦考酚酸,芬洛莫德,多里菌素和富马酸酸二甲酯。
抗生素的合适实例包括亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南,头孢菌素,氨曲南,青霉素类,如青霉素G和青霉素V,哌拉西林,美洛西林,氨苄西林,阿莫西林,氟氯西林,甲氧西林,苯唑青霉素,克拉维酸,舒巴坦,他唑巴坦,舒他西林,磷霉素,替考拉宁,万古霉素,杆菌肽,粘菌素,短杆菌肽,多粘菌素B,酪丝菌素,替西菌素,福美霉素,阿米卡星,庆大霉素,卡那霉素,新霉素,奈替米星,链霉素,妥布霉素,氯霉素,夫西地酸,头孢霉素,纳博霉素,泰利霉素,克林霉素,林可霉素,达托霉素,达氟普利,奎奴斯汀,阿奇霉素,克拉霉素,红霉素,罗红霉素,利奈唑胺,强力霉素、米诺环素、四环素、土霉素、替加环素、诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星,氧氟沙星,左氧氟沙星,莫西沙星,甲硝唑,替硝唑,氨基鸟嘌呤,磺胺嘧啶、磺胺多辛、磺胺甲恶唑、柳氮磺胺吡啶、甲硫苄胺、甲氧苄啶和利福平。
抗感染剂是一个通用术语,指用于治疗细菌、病毒、真菌、原虫和蠕虫感染的化合物,包括抗生素、抗病毒药物、抗真菌药、抗原虫药和驱虫药。
肌肉松弛剂的适当例子包括碲氧化物、1-乙基氨基甲酰-3-(3-三氟甲基苯基)吡咯烷、甲氧嘧啶、甲氨基甲酸酯、巴氯芬,卡利前列酮、氯苯唑酮、环苯扎林、丹曲林、安定、奥那帕林、奎宁,罗库溴铵,琥珀胆碱,十溴乙胺,泮库溴铵,维库溴铵,瑞库溴铵,达库溴铵,杜阿多,马来替丁,双吡喃,哌啶,缩酮,HS-342,阿曲库铵,米库鲁铵,多沙库铵,D-筒箭毒碱,二甲基筒箭毒碱,加拉明,阿库溴铵,安替沙星,二氢吡啶,法扎第尼,托吡酯,顺式脲。
合适的抗真菌药物实例包括阿巴芬净、两性霉素B、坎地西丁、菲律宾、哈霉素、纳他霉素、制霉菌素、利莫西丁、联苯苄唑、丁康唑、c1奥曲马唑、益康唑,芬替康唑、异康唑、酮康唑、卢立康唑、咪康唑、奥康唑、奥昔康唑、塞托康唑、舒康唑、噻唑康、阿巴唑、依那康唑、环唑,氟康唑,伊沙唑唑,伊曲康唑,泊沙康唑,丙环唑,拉伐康唑、特康唑、伏立康唑、阿莫洛芬、布替萘芬、萘替芬、特比萘芬、安多拉芬净,卡泊芬净,米卡芬净,苯甲酸,环吡酮,氟胞嘧啶,灰黄霉素,卤代精氨酸,托萘酸盐,十一烯酸,结晶紫,秘鲁香膏。
抗疟原虫的合适实例包括甲硝唑、替硝唑、奥硝唑,阿托洛醌、氯喹唑、依那汀、乙磺酸戊脒、依氟尼汀、呋喃西林,米非司酮,氯喹,羟基氯喹,甲哌林,伯氨喹,阿莫喹,帕马喹,哌喹,丙胍,环扁桃酸盐,奎宁,甲氟喹,乙胺嘧啶,阿特米特,青蒿素,青蒿琥酯,二氢青蒿素,卤氟蒽,鲁米芬,磺胺多辛。
驱虫药的合适实例包括甲苯咪唑、吡喹酮、阿苯达唑,二乙基卡马西平,氟苯达唑,伊维菌素,左旋咪唑,甲硝唑,氯硝柳胺,氧氯嗪,氧胺喹,奥沙太尔,哌嗪,噻嘧啶,安替比林,单潘烷,德克喹,硫酸球果碱,吡维尼,噻苯达唑,苯咪唑,三氯苯咪唑,阿维菌素、苏拉明、啡肽、氨基甲酸乙酯、氨基乙腈。
局部麻醉药的合适实例包括利多卡因、利多卡因、薄荷脑、阿替卡因,布比卡因,罗哌卡因,苯佐卡因,氯普鲁卡因,可卡因,环甲基卡因,二甲卡因,罗拉卡因,哌啶卡因,丙氧卡因,普鲁卡因,奴佛卡因,丙泊卡因,丁卡因,氨卡因,辛可卡因,地布卡因,利多卡因,左旋布比卡因,甲哌卡因,普罗卡因,曲美卡因,沙眼毒素,新奥昔毒素,河豚毒素,丁香酚。
镇痛药的合适实例包括上面列出的非甾体抗炎药;阿片类镇痛药,如吗啡、芬太尼、美沙酮、羟考酮、卡芬替尼、二氢埃托啡、奥美芬太尼、依托啡,舒芬太尼,瑞芬太尼,阿芬太尼,丁丙诺啡,氢吗啡酮,左旋美沙酮,氢可酮,哌替酰胺,纳布啡,喷他达多,喷他佐辛,二氢可待因,可待因,哌替啶,曲马多,替利定,美他嗪,纳洛酮,纳曲酮,二丙诺啡,洛哌丁胺,阿扑吗啡;表贝汀;东莨菪碱;齐康替肽;大麻素类如四氢大麻酚、大麻酚、马来醇、氟吡汀、氯胺酮和上面列出的局部麻醉药。
抗凝剂的合适的例子包括肝素,香豆素类,如苯丙酮(Marcumar)和华法林,阿哌沙班,利伐沙班,依托沙班,达比加群,西格列酮,水蛭素,雷吡啶,比伐鲁啶,枸橼酸,EDTA,磺达肝素,阿加曲班,奥塔米沙班。
血小板聚集抑制剂的合适实例包括阿昔单抗,乙酰水杨酸,双嘧达莫,氯吡格雷,依替巴肽,伊洛定,前列环素,普拉格雷,替格瑞洛,噻氯匹定,替罗非班。
滋补剂是一种通用术语,用于强化身体,增强紧张或恢复其生理功能的活性剂。它们可能是草药或动物来源。
合成代谢剂可以支持合成代谢和细胞胶原支架的强化。然而,已知这些物质在运动和健身中掺杂的广泛滥用。因此,仅在相应的国家立法容许的情况下推荐使用合成代谢剂与通过本发明方法产生的结晶形式的鲁米诺组合。
本申请涉及药物组合物,含鲁米诺的结晶形式II和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂,用于医学上的预防或治疗用途。
本领域技术人员已熟悉上述提出的活性剂的标准疗法。优选地,上述提出的活性剂的剂型和剂量或活性剂的组合是基于已经建立的活性剂和/或鲁米诺钠组合的标准疗法。
在特别优选的实施例中,所述用于医学预防或治疗用途的药物组合物是局部给药的。
在特别优选的实施例中,该药物组合物用于预防或治疗炎性或自身免疫性皮肤病或呼吸系统疾病。
大多数皮肤病都有炎症背景或至少表现出炎症炎症成分等症状。ICD-10第十二章给出了皮肤病的综合汇编,其中皮肤病分为以下几类:皮肤感染;大疱性疾病;皮炎和湿疹;丘疹性鳞屑病;荨麻疹和红斑;放射性相关疾病皮肤;皮肤附属物的紊乱;其他皮肤紊乱。
炎性皮肤病中特别令人感兴趣的一个亚群是自身免疫性皮肤病。这种自身免疫性皮肤疾病或显示自身免疫性皮肤病症状的疾病的例子有,但不限于,皮肌炎、白塞病、白塞病、白塞病、葡萄膜炎、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、银屑病、银屑病、关节炎、白癜风、前部。下葡萄膜炎,周围溃疡性角膜炎,大疱性天疱疮,慢性荨麻疹(荨麻疹),杜林病(疱疹性皮炎),获得性大疱性表皮松解,斑秃,硬化苔藓,粘膜苔藓,线性IgA皮肤病,天疱疮,叶状天疱疮,脂溢性天疱疮,天疱疮寻常病、SAPHO综合征(滑膜炎、痤疮、脓疱炎、骨质增生、骨炎)、硬皮病、过敏性紫癜、自身免疫性黄体酮皮炎、恰加斯病、痤疮倒置、夏普综合征、雷诺现象、天疱疮、类天疱疮、内源性葡萄膜炎、布劳综合征、慢性婴儿le神经皮肤和关节综合征,家族性冷荨麻疹,家族性地中海热,高lgD综合征,Majeed综合征,Muckle-Wells综合征,TNF受体相关周期综合征,和特应性皮炎。
根据本发明优选的剂型是延迟制剂,即所述至少一种活性剂制备成延迟释放制剂,它们也被称为持续释放(SR),延长释放(ER,XR)或控制/持续释放(CR)的形式。合适的制剂和载体是本领域技术人员已知(Kleinsorge(1995)Retardformulierungen in dermedlkarnentosenTherapie.Leipzig,Barth 8th ed)。
最常见地,所述活性剂被嵌入的像丙烯酸类或几丁质的不溶性物质的基质中。因此,活性剂必须通过在基质的孔才能释放出来。在一些制剂中,有在一侧有激光钻孔而和其相对的是一个多孔膜。胃液攻击这种多孔膜,流入并推动活性剂通过相对侧的钻孔释放出来。在其他制剂中,活性剂溶解在其上膨胀的基质内并形成凝胶。然后通过凝胶的孔释放出来。其他实例包括耐胃液的包衣片剂,含有活性剂延迟颗粒的延迟胶囊--胶囊外壳溶解后将释放,多单位颗粒系统(MUPS),口服渗透系统,共振,凝聚和微囊化。通过使用这种延迟制剂,可以控制药物的释放部位及其药代动力学。随着pH在穿过肠道的过程中发生变化,溶解过程可以被设计为pH依赖性的。在其中促进活性剂通过肠粘膜以增强其生物利用度的治疗应用中,可以不使用活性剂的盐,而是使用其中性形式。
因此,本申请还涉及含有鲁米诺的结晶形式II的药物组合物,其中鲁米诺的结晶形式II配制成缓释药物。
另一个优选实施例是鲁米诺作为气溶胶(气溶胶喷雾)的配方。气溶胶被定义为在空气或其他气体中的细小固体颗粒或液滴的胶体。这些颗粒的直径小于1微米。在医学中,它们在治疗呼吸系统疾病或一般疾病的呼吸系统症状中吸入给予活性剂已变得越来越普遍。有效直径小于10微米的气溶胶颗粒能够进入支气管,而那些有效直径小于2.5微米的气溶胶颗粒,甚至可以达到肺中的气体交换区域。因此,可根据待治疗的疾病设计直径大小,因为一些气雾剂可具有不想要的、甚至是危险的副作用。气溶胶通常通过雾化器,计量剂量吸入器(MDI)或干粉吸入器(DPI)施用于患者。雾化器使用氧气,压缩空气或超声波功率以从医用溶液或悬浮液产生气溶胶液滴并将它们引导至患者用于吸入的吸嘴。MDI以短暂的气溶胶形式向肺部递送特定量的活性剂。它们使用推进剂,如氯氟烃CFC-11,CFC-12和CFC-14,或HFA(氢氟烷烃)。可以通过使用磷脂增加这些气溶胶里活性剂的渗透和生物利用度。磷脂降低肺泡内的空气-水界面处的表面张力,从而减少肺部扩张所需的压力。DPI以干粉形式将活性剂递送到肺部。DPI以干粉形式将活性剂递送至肺部。因此,它们对于活性剂为固体气雾剂的给药更有用,例如,如果活性剂难溶于水,或者其水溶液存在稳定性问题。使用时,活性剂被包封胶囊中,装入DPI,或DPI内的专有容器。患者将口罩放入口中并进行急剧深吸气5-10秒。
具有炎性或自身免疫成分的呼吸系统疾病可用气溶胶治疗,包括囊性纤维化;哮喘;慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD);肺气肿;上呼吸道感染,如感冒,鼻窦炎,扁桃体炎,中耳炎,咽炎和喉炎;下呼吸道感染,如肺炎,肺结核;胸膜腔疾病,例如胸膜间皮瘤,胸膜感染,肺栓塞和肺结核;肺血管疾病,诸如肺动脉高血压如COPD,肺水肿,肉芽肿与下多血管炎和肺出血肾炎综合征后遗症;限制性肺疾病如肺尘埃沉着病,辐射纤维化,药物诱发的气道限制,类风湿性关节炎,急性呼吸窘迫综合征,新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征,结核,特发性肺纤维化,特发性间质性肺炎,结节病的后遗症;嗜酸细胞性肺炎,血管平滑肌肌瘤病,肺朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症,肺泡蛋白沉积症和间质性肺病。另外,恶性肿瘤也包括炎性成分。
由于活性剂直接通过肺泡吸收,通常优选使用中性形式而不是盐。因此,本申请还涉及含有鲁米诺的结晶形式II的药物组合物,其中鲁米诺的结晶形式II配制成用于吸入给药的气溶胶。最优选的是通过DPI给予气溶胶。
同样,为了法医目的,鲁米诺可以以气溶胶的形式喷射到感兴趣的地方。
实施例
所有标准化学品均购自Sigma-Aldrich。
实施例1:市售鲁米诺的PXRD分析
1克市售的鲁米诺(Merck)通过PXRD进行分析。使用在STOE STADI P衍射仪中进行透射几何测量,该衍射仪带有CuKα1辐射,配备有快速,高分辨率硅条检测(DECTRIS Mythen1K)。样品在玻璃毛细管(直径0.5mm)中制备。使用Si标准确定里特韦尔精化(Rietveldrefinement)的仪器参数(n=3)。
晶体结构测定:TOPAS Academic(A.A.Coelho,TOPAS-Academic,5.0版,CoelhoSoftware,Brisbane,Australia,2007)用于索引,测定劳厄基团,结构溶液和里特韦尔精化。
结构解析通过TOPAS Academic中的模拟退火方法完成,应用酰胺-羟基亚胺互变异构形式的鲁米诺分子的刚体模型。通过DFT几何优化获得刚体的分子结构使用DMol 3模块应用广义梯度近似(GGA)和
Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof(PBE)功能,如Materials Studio软件中实现的那样。对于结构解析方案,在模拟退火运行中对六个参数进行了全局优化:鲁米诺的三个位置和三个角度参数。对所有杂原子的联合各向同性温度因子进行了里特韦尔精化,氢的温度因子固定为使用从Applichem购买的鲁米诺的实验得到相同的定性结果。
实施例2:鲁米诺的结晶形式II的结晶方法
通过中和鲁米钠(Na-luminolate)可以得到结晶良好的相纯粉末。将5mL盐酸(17%)缓慢加入到搅拌的2g鲁米钠(MetrioPharm)在500mL软化水中的溶液中,可得到微晶粉末。
过滤沉淀物,再用软化水洗涤三次,然后在室温下干燥12小时。
如实施例1中所述,通过PXRD分析所得粉末。同样像实施例1中那样进行晶体结构测定和里特韦尔精化(n=3)。
实施例3:
同时热重分析(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)证明了鲁米诺的新结晶形式II的热稳定性高达320±1℃,直到结晶化合物的热降解时才观察到其转变为其它形式的固态(图5)。
附图简要说明:
图1:市售5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶的XRPD图。上部迹线:购自Merck的5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-二氮杂萘二酮。下部迹线:购自AppliChem的5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-二氮杂萘二酮。
图2:上部迹线:5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式II的XRPD图。下部迹线:与实施例1XRPD图的差异(Δ)。5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式II和NaCl的2-θ反射也在图中显示。
图3:A:根据Paradies公布的数值计算的5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式分子堆积的空间填充模型
B:5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式II的分子堆积的空间填充模型。上部迹线:沿轴线;中等迹线:沿b轴;下部迹线:沿c轴。
图4:A:根据Paradies公布的数值计算的5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式分子堆积的三聚体重叠模型
B:本发明5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式II的分子堆积的三聚体重叠模型。
图5:本发明5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮结晶形式II的TG-DSC图。上部迹线:由TG测定的质量损失。下部迹线:通过DSC测定的热量流。
缩略语:
Claims (11)
1.一种5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶形式,所述结晶形式的特征在于通过粉末X射线衍射测定的以下结晶学值:
D值:11.8;9.8;9.2;8.7;8.1;7.0;6.8;6.6;3.4;3.3;3.3和/或
2-θ值:7.5;9.0;9.6;10.2;10.9;12.6;13.1;13.4;25.9;26.7;27.2。
2.根据权利要求1的结晶形式,其结晶水含量小于等于0.4%。
3.根据权利要求1或2的5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶形式用作检测剂的用途。
4.根据权利要求1或2的5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶形式用于法医目的的用途。
5.一种药物组合物,包含如权利要求1所定义的5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶形式和至少一个药学上可接受的赋形剂。
6.根据权利要求5的药物组合物,其中所述至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂选自载体,粘合剂,润滑剂,助流剂,崩解剂,着色剂,缓冲剂,防腐剂,增溶剂,乳化剂,渗透促进剂,抗氧化剂,稀释剂,pH-调节剂,助溶剂,溶剂,稠度增强剂,水溶助长剂,甜味剂,酸化剂,增稠剂,调味物质和芳香物质。
7.根据权利要求5或6的药物组合物,还含有另一种药物活性剂。
8.根据权利要求5的药物组合物,所述药物组合物用于局部给药。
9.根据权利要求5的药物组合物在制备用于预防或治疗炎症或自身免疫性皮肤病或呼吸道疾病的药物中的用途。
10.根据权利要求5的药物组合物,其中如权利要求1所定义的5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶形式配制成延迟药物。
11.根据权利要求5的药物组合物,其中如权利要求1所定义的5-氨基-2,3-二氢酞嗪-1,4-二酮的结晶形式配制成用于吸入给药的气溶胶。
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