CN115533557A - Rotary shaft device, clamping device and machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a revolving shaft device, a clamping device and a machine tool, wherein the revolving shaft device comprises: the headstock box body comprises a shell and a box frame integrally formed with the shell, and the head and the tail of the shell are respectively provided with a front end cover and a rear end cover; the main shaft is arranged in the shell, and the head and the tail of the main shaft respectively penetrate through the front end cover and the rear end cover correspondingly; the torque motor is arranged in the shell and comprises a stator and a rotor, the rotor is sleeved on the spindle, and the stator is positioned on the periphery of the rotor and fixed with the shell; wherein: an annular mounting cavity is formed between the hole wall of the central hole of the front end cover and the main shaft, and a sealing ring is arranged in the annular mounting cavity; and introducing an air supply hole from the outside of the shell or the front end cover to the annular mounting cavity so as to introduce air flow into the annular mounting cavity, wherein an inner port of the air supply hole is formed in front of the sealing ring.

Description

Rotary shaft device, clamping device and machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool machining, in particular to a rotating shaft device, a clamping device and a machine tool.

Background

The machine tool in the prior art generally comprises a clamping device which is used for clamping a workpiece and can drive the workpiece to rotate, the clamping device generally comprises two opposite rotating shaft devices, a clamp is mounted at the head of a main shaft of one rotating shaft device and used for clamping one end of the workpiece, and a tip is mounted at the head of a main shaft of the other rotating shaft device and used for pushing against the other end of the workpiece or a clamp is also mounted at the head of the main shaft of the other rotating shaft device and used for clamping the other end of the workpiece. In order to drive the workpiece to rotate, a torque motor is arranged in the rotating shaft device and is used for driving the main shaft to rotate so as to drive the workpiece to rotate.

It will be readily appreciated that the area of the head of the rotary shaft arrangement is less environmentally friendly because the rotary action of the workpiece, the cutting action of the tool on the workpiece and the cutting fluid are all present in this area, which makes this area more heavily populated and more complex in composition than other areas, which are likely to enter the motor through the gap between the spindle and the front end cap of the motor, thereby affecting the accuracy, performance and longevity of the associated components. For example, smoothness of the rotation of the bearing and the service life are affected, and for example, short-circuiting of internal electrical components is easily caused.

In order to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the rotary shaft device, in the prior art, a seal ring is arranged between the front end cover and the main shaft to prevent impurities. However, impurities can still accumulate on the front side of the seal ring, wherein smaller particulate impurities, such as fine particulate swarf, still easily enter between the seal ring and the spindle, causing the inner ring of the seal ring to wear and scratch the surface of the spindle, resulting in failure of the seal ring.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a rotating shaft device, a clamping device and a machine tool.

In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a swivel shaft apparatus comprising:

the headstock box body comprises a shell and a box frame integrally formed with the shell, and the head and the tail of the shell are respectively provided with a front end cover and a rear end cover;

the main shaft is arranged in the shell, and the head and the tail of the main shaft correspondingly penetrate through the front end cover and the rear end cover respectively;

the torque motor is arranged in the shell and comprises a stator and a rotor, the rotor is sleeved on the spindle, and the stator is positioned on the periphery of the rotor and fixed with the shell; wherein:

an annular mounting cavity is formed between the hole wall of the central hole of the front end cover and the main shaft, and a sealing ring is arranged in the annular mounting cavity;

and introducing an air supply hole from the outside of the shell or the front end cover to the annular mounting cavity so as to introduce air flow into the annular mounting cavity, wherein an inner port of the air supply hole is formed in front of the sealing ring.

Preferably, a sealing cover is buckled on the front side of the front end cover, and the sealing cover participates in enclosing the annular mounting cavity.

Preferably, the air supply hole includes the radial section of seting up in the casing and with the axial section of radial section intercommunication, the axial section extends forward in order to link up to the closing cap, the closing cap with the region that the axial section corresponds is seted up radially and is extended to the heavy groove of annular installation cavity.

Preferably, a pneumatic clamp is sleeved on the spindle in front of the rear end cover, and the pneumatic clamp is fixedly mounted on the rear end cover.

Preferably, an angle encoder is installed at the tail part of the main shaft.

Preferably, the tank frame is provided with a mounting plane, a cavity is formed in the tank frame between the mounting plane and the casing, and a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole which are used for providing circulating cooling liquid for the guide groove on the outer peripheral surface of the stator are communicated to the inner wall of the casing from the cavity wall of the cavity.

Preferably, a bushing is sleeved on the main shaft, and the rotor is sleeved outside the bushing; and an expansion component is arranged between the bushing and the main shaft and is used for fixing the bushing on the main shaft.

Preferably, the head of the main shaft is provided with a mounting part for mounting a clamp, and the main shaft is provided with a mounting hole for mounting a tip, which penetrates through to the end face of the head of the main shaft.

The invention also discloses a clamping device which comprises two rotary shaft devices, wherein the two rotary shaft devices are coaxially and oppositely arranged.

The invention also discloses a machine tool which comprises the clamping device and the cutter shaft device arranged above the clamping device.

Compared with the prior art, the rotary shaft device, the clamping device and the machine tool disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that:

1. the air supply hole is introduced into the annular air cavity provided with the sealing ring at the front side of the shell, and air is introduced into the annular air cavity through the air supply hole, so that impurities such as dust and fine particle chips generated by processing can be effectively prevented from entering the shell.

2. The external ends of the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole which are used for circularly cooling the shell are arranged in the cavity, so that the connection areas of the cooling liquid supply pipeline and the cooling liquid return pipeline with the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole are positioned in the headstock body and are not exposed.

3. The rotary shaft device is further provided with an emergency braking function by adding the pneumatic clamp, and for example, the rotary shaft device can be configured to perform emergency braking on the main shaft when power is off.

4. By additionally arranging the angle encoder, the rotation angle of the workpiece can be detected and controlled, and the surface of the workpiece can be machined by matching with the actions (such as movement, feeding and the like of a cutter shaft device) of other parts of the machine tool.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention.

The summary of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this disclosure is not a comprehensive disclosure of the full scope or all features of the disclosed technology.

Drawings

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like reference numerals may describe similar parts throughout the different views. Like reference numerals having letter suffixes or different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate various embodiments generally, by way of example and not by way of limitation, and together with the description and claims serve to explain the embodiments of the invention. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts, where appropriate. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the present apparatus or method.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a rotating shaft device according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of another perspective view of the revolving shaft device according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of a rotary shaft arrangement provided by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a view from direction B of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a view in the direction C of fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a view from direction D of fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary shaft apparatus provided by the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion E of fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a stator of a rotating shaft device according to the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a perspective assembly view of a stator of a rotary shaft assembly provided by the present invention.

Fig. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a stator of a rotary shaft assembly according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the clamping device provided by the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a machine tool according to the present invention.

Reference numerals:

100-a rotating shaft device; 10-headstock body; 11-a housing; 12-a box frame; 13-mounting plane; 14-a cavity; 20-a main shaft; 21-a mounting portion; 22-mounting holes; 30-torque motor; 31-a stator; 311-diversion trench; 312-a communication channel; 32-a rotor; 40-a bushing; 41-lightening holes; 42-a stop table; 50-a tensioning member; 51-an outer ring; 52-inner ring; 53-force application disc; 54-a locking bolt; 61-front end cap; 611-sealing cover; 62-rear end cap; 631-a fixation sleeve; 632-a fixed shaft; 64-connecting disc; 65-a bearing; 66-a bearing; 67-sealing ring; 68-a shield; 71-pneumatic clamps; 72-an angle encoder; 80-air supply hole; 81-radial holes; 82-axial bore; 83-sink tank; 84-annular air cavity; 91-liquid inlet hole; 92-liquid outlet holes; 200-a clamp; 300-center; 400-a mounting frame; 1000-a clamping device; 2000-workpiece; 3000-a cutter shaft device; 4000-main frame.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, a detailed description of known functions and known components of the invention have been omitted.

As shown in fig. 12, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a rotating shaft device 100 and a clamping device 1000 comprising the rotating shaft device 100, wherein the clamping device 1000 comprises two rotating shaft devices 100 coaxially and oppositely disposed, and the two rotating shaft devices 100 are installed on the front side of the mounting frame 400 of the boxlike structure; the heads of both the pivoting shaft devices 100 may be provided with a jig 200 for clamping both ends of the workpiece 2000, or alternatively, the head of one of the pivoting shaft devices 100 may be provided with the jig 200 and the other pivoting shaft device 100 may be provided with a tip 300, the jig 200 may clamp one end of the workpiece 2000 and the tip 300 may be pressed against the other end of the workpiece 2000.

The mounting bracket 400 is provided with a driving mechanism (not shown) for driving one of the rotary shaft devices 100 to move the rotary shaft device 100 closer to or away from the other rotary shaft device 100, so that the workpiece 2000 can be clamped.

The two revolving shaft devices 100 are also used to revolve the workpiece 2000 in a clamped state, and therefore, the revolving shaft device 100 having the jig 200 mounted on the head is provided with the torque motor 30 therein, and the torque motor 30 is used to revolve the workpiece 2000.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the swing shaft device 100 includes: headstock 10, spindle 20, torque motor 30, front end cap 61, and rear end cap 62.

The head box holder 12 includes a cylindrical housing 11 formed integrally with the housing 11 and a box holder 12 formed integrally with the housing 11, wherein an attachment plane 13 is formed at an end of the box holder 12, the head box holder 12 is attached to the attachment frame 400 or the driving mechanism through the attachment plane 13, and when the swivel shaft device 100 is used as the fixed swivel shaft device 100 (the left swivel shaft device 100 shown in fig. 12) in the chuck 1000, the head box holder 12 is fixedly attached to the attachment frame 400 of the chuck 1000 through the attachment plane 13, and when the swivel shaft device 100 is used as the movable swivel shaft device 100 (the right swivel shaft device 100 shown in fig. 12), the head box holder 12 is attached to a member of the driving mechanism through the attachment plane 13.

As shown in fig. 7, the housing 11 has a cylindrical cavity therein, the front cover 61 is mounted on the front side of the housing 11, the rear cover 62 is mounted on the rear side of the housing 11, the spindle 20 is disposed in the housing 11 and coaxial with the cylindrical cavity, the head of the spindle 20 extends out of the front cover 61, the tail of the spindle 20 extends out of the rear cover 62, a bearing 65 is mounted between the front of the housing 11 and the spindle 20, and a bearing 66 is mounted between the rear cover 62 and the spindle 20, so that the spindle 20 can smoothly rotate around the axis.

As shown in fig. 7, the head of the main shaft 20 is provided with a mounting portion 21, the mounting portion 21 is used for mounting the jig 200 and related components, for example, the mounting portion 21 may be a boss for positioning and butting, and a mounting hole 22 is opened from the front end surface of the main shaft 20 to the rear side, the mounting hole 22 is used for mounting the center 300, so that the rotary shaft device 100 can mount the jig 200 and also mount the center 300.

As shown in fig. 7, the torque motor 30 is disposed in the housing 11 for driving the spindle 20 to rotate, and further, when the clamp 200 is mounted on the head of the spindle 20, the workpiece 2000 on the clamp 200 is driven to rotate. Specifically, the torque motor 30 includes a stator 31 and a rotor 32, the rotor 32 is directly or indirectly sleeved and fixed on the main shaft 20, the stator 31 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotor 32 and forms an annular gap with the rotor 32 for driving the rotor 32 to rotate the main shaft 20.

In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 8, an annular groove is opened on the hole wall of the front end of the central hole of the front end cover 61, a sealing cover 611 is buckled on the front side of the front end cover 61, the sealing cover 611 seals the annular groove to enclose the annular groove into an annular air chamber 84, and a sealing ring 67 is installed in the annular groove. The air supply hole 80 is introduced into the annular air chamber 84 from the outside of the housing 11, and specifically, the air supply hole 80 includes a radial section 81 and an axial section 82, the radial section 81 extends radially inward from the outer peripheral surface of the housing 11, the axial section 82 extends axially forward, the tail of the axial section 82 communicates with the radial section 81, the head of the axial section 82 extends to the cover 611, the cover 611 is provided with a finger-shaped sink groove 83 at a region opposite to the axial section 82, and the sink groove 83 penetrates the annular air chamber 84 to form an outlet of the air supply hole 80, which is located in front of the seal ring 67. The inlet of the gas supply hole 80 (i.e., the outer port of the radial section 81) communicates with the gas supply mechanism through a joint. When the cutting (milling) cutter is used for processing the workpiece 2000, the air supply mechanism supplies air into the annular air cavity 84 through the air supply hole 80, so that the air pressure in the annular air cavity 84 is higher than the external pressure, and further, the air in the annular air cavity 84 flows outwards through the gap between the sealing cover 611 and the main shaft 20, namely, the air is blown outwards, and therefore impurities such as dust and fine particle chips generated by processing can be effectively prevented from entering the interior of the shell 11 through the gap.

In the present invention, the torque motor 30 including the stator 31 and the rotor 32 is obtained by outsourcing, a plurality of annular guide grooves 311 arranged at intervals along the axial direction are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the stator 31 of the torque motor 30 obtained by outsourcing, a communication groove 312 is provided between each guide groove 311 and the guide grooves 311 on two adjacent sides, the communication groove 312 between each guide groove 311 and the guide groove 311 on two adjacent sides is located at a different circumferential position, the inlet and the outlet of each guide groove 311 are not located at the same circumferential position, so that the cooling liquid can enter the next guide groove 311 through the communication groove 312 after filling the guide groove 311, and further the cooling liquid surrounds the entire outer circumferential surface of the stator 31.

As shown in fig. 2, the liquid inlet holes and the liquid outlet holes for providing the circulating cooling liquid for the flow guide grooves are arranged in the following manner:

1. liquid inlet hole 91 and liquid outlet hole 92 extend from the cavity wall of the cavity in box frame 12 between mounting plane 13 and housing 11 to the cylindrical cavity of housing 11, i.e. the outer end of liquid inlet hole 91 and the outer end of liquid outlet hole 92 are both formed on the cavity wall of cavity 14, so that the connection areas of the coolant supply line and coolant return line with liquid inlet hole 91 and liquid outlet hole 92 are located in head frame box 12 and are not exposed.

2. The inner (i.e., with the end that link up in column chamber) of feed liquor hole 91 and the inner (i.e., with the end that link up in column chamber) of play liquid hole 92 are located the ascending both sides in the axial of column chamber, and all correspond with the guiding gutter 311 of position, and then make the coolant liquid flow out behind all guiding gutters 311.

The inner hole of the rotor 32 of the torque motor 30 obtained by outsourcing is larger than the outer diameter of the main shaft 20, in order to meet the installation requirement, in the invention, a bushing 40 is additionally arranged, the bushing 40 is sleeved on the main shaft 20, so that the rotor 32 is fixed on the bushing 40, specifically, a stop table 42 is formed on the periphery of the bushing 40, the rotor 32 is sleeved on the bushing 40, the end part of the rotor 32 corresponds to the stop table 42, and a fastening piece is utilized to penetrate through the stop table 42 and the end part of the rotor 32, so that the rotor 32 is sleeved with the bushing 40 in a fixed mode. Preferably, lightening holes 41 are arranged in the bushing 40, which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and axially penetrate through the bushing, so as to lighten the weight of the bushing 40.

In the present invention, the bushing 40 is fixed to the spindle 20 by the expansion-locking principle by the commercially available expansion member 50, and although the structure of the commercially available expansion member 50 is not constructed by the present invention, the structure and operation thereof will not be briefly described in order to more fully explain the effect of the mounting to the commercially available torque motor. As shown in fig. 7, 10 and 11, in order to install the expansion member 50 in a matching manner, an annular space is opened at an end portion of the inner hole of the bushing 40, the expansion member 50 is installed in the annular space, the expansion member 50 includes an inner ring 52, an outer ring 51, two force application disks 53 and locking bolts 54, both the inner ring 52 and the outer ring 51 can expand and contract in a radial direction, the inner ring 52 is sleeved on the spindle 20, the outer ring 51 is located outside the inner ring 52, the two force application disks 53 are oppositely arranged and are located between the outer ring 51 and the inner ring 52, and the locking bolts 54 are circumferentially arranged and penetrate through the two force application disks 53 so as to apply a clamping force to the force application disks 53. The outer wall of the inner ring 52 and the inner wall of the outer ring 51 are both provided with symmetrical conical surfaces, the inner wall and the outer wall of the two force application discs 53 are also provided with conical surfaces, so that the inner wall and the outer wall of the force application discs 53 are respectively in conical surface fit with the inner ring 52 and the outer ring 51, thus, the clamping force applied by the locking bolt 54 to the two force application discs 53 is matched with the conical surfaces, so that the inner ring 52 contracts to tightly coat the spindle 20 and the outer ring 51 expands to tightly attach and fix with the cavity wall of the annular space of the bushing 40, and further, the bushing 40 is fixedly sleeved with the spindle 20.

In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, a pneumatic clamp 71 is installed in front of the rear end cover 62, the pneumatic clamp 71 is sleeved outside the main shaft 20, the pneumatic clamp 71 is fixed to the front side of the rear end cover 62 through a connecting disc 64, and the pneumatic clamp 71 holds the corresponding shaft section of the main shaft 20 after the pressurized gas is introduced, so as to brake the rotation of the main shaft 20. In this way, air can be supplied to the pneumatic clamp 71 after the power is cut off, and the spindle 20 is prevented from stopping driving the workpiece 2000 to rotate after the power is cut off.

In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, an angle encoder 72 is installed at the rear of the housing 11 and the main shaft 20, specifically, a fixing sleeve 631 is installed at the rear side of the end cover, and a fixing shaft 632 is installed at the rear of the main shaft 20. The stator portion of the angle encoder 72 is fixed to the fixing sleeve 631, and the rotor portion of the angle encoder 72 is fixed to the fixed shaft 632. Preferably, a shroud 68 is also mounted to the rear of the housing 11, with components such as an angular encoder 72 located within the shroud 68.

As shown in fig. 13, the present invention also discloses a machine tool, which includes a main frame 4000, a cutter shaft device 3000, and the clamping device 1000, wherein the clamping device 1000 is mounted on the front side of the main frame 4000, the cutter shaft device 3000 is mounted above the clamping device 1000, the cutter shaft device 3000 is configured to be movable in three directions, i.e., in the left and right directions (X-axis direction movement), in the front and rear directions (Y-axis direction movement), and in the up and down directions (Z-axis direction movement), the clamping device 1000 is configured to be able to swing in a vertical plane or the cutter shaft device 3000 is configured to swing in a vertical plane, and a milling cutter to be machined by rotation is mounted on the bottom of the cutter shaft device 3000. The above arrangement can be used to machine a workpiece 2000 having a curved surface, including but not limited to a blade. When the workpiece 2000 is machined, the entire temperature of the rotary shaft device 100 of the clamping device 1000 of the machine tool disclosed by the invention is not high due to the introduction of the cooling liquid, and impurities such as dust and fine particle chips generated by machining are not easy to enter the rotary shaft device 100 due to the supply of the air flow to the inner side of the head of the rotary shaft device 100.

The revolving shaft device 100, the clamping device 1000 and the machine tool disclosed by the invention have the advantages that:

1. by introducing the air supply hole 80 into the annular air chamber 84 provided with the seal ring 67 at the front side of the housing 11 and introducing air into the annular air chamber 84 through the air supply hole 80, it is possible to effectively prevent foreign substances such as dust and fine-grained chips generated by machining from entering the inside of the housing 11.

2. The external ends of the inlet and outlet apertures 91, 92 for cooling the interior of the housing 11 are disposed within the cavity such that the coolant supply and return lines are not exposed at the junction with the inlet and outlet apertures 91, 92.

3. The addition of the pneumatic clamp 71 allows the swing shaft device 100 to have an emergency braking function, and for example, can be arranged to emergency brake the main shaft 20 when power is off.

4. By adding the angle encoder 72, the rotation angle of the workpiece 2000 can be detected and controlled, and the surface of the workpiece 2000 can be machined in accordance with the movement of other parts of the machine tool (e.g., movement and feeding of the arbor device 3000).

Moreover, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention includes any and all embodiments based on the present invention with equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of various embodiments across), adaptations or alterations. The elements of the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. It is intended, therefore, that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims and their full scope of equivalents.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more versions thereof) may be used in combination with each other. For example, other embodiments may be used by those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the above description. In addition, in the above-described embodiments, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as an intention that a disclosed feature not claimed is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments may be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A swivel shaft device, comprising:

the headstock box body comprises a shell and a box frame integrally formed with the shell, and the head and the tail of the shell are respectively provided with a front end cover and a rear end cover;

the main shaft is arranged in the shell, and the head and the tail of the main shaft respectively penetrate through the front end cover and the rear end cover correspondingly;

the torque motor is arranged in the shell and comprises a stator and a rotor, the rotor is sleeved on the spindle, and the stator is positioned on the periphery of the rotor and fixed with the shell; wherein:

an annular mounting cavity is formed between the hole wall of the central hole of the front end cover and the main shaft, and a sealing ring is arranged in the annular mounting cavity;

and introducing an air supply hole from the outside of the shell or the front end cover to the annular mounting cavity so as to introduce air flow into the annular mounting cavity, wherein an inner port of the air supply hole is formed in front of the sealing ring.

2. The rotary shaft apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front end of the front cover is provided with a cover, and the cover is engaged to enclose the annular mounting cavity.

3. The turning shaft device according to claim 2, wherein the air supply hole comprises a radial section opened in the housing and an axial section communicated with the radial section, the axial section extends forwards to penetrate the sealing cover, and a region of the sealing cover corresponding to the axial section is provided with a sunken groove radially extending to the annular mounting cavity.

4. The pivot device of claim 1, wherein a pneumatic clamp is sleeved on the spindle in front of the rear end cover, and the pneumatic clamp is fixedly mounted on the rear end cover.

5. The turning shaft device according to claim 1, wherein an angle encoder is installed at the tail of the main shaft.

6. The turning shaft device according to claim 1, wherein the tank frame has a mounting plane, a cavity is formed in the tank frame between the mounting plane and the housing, and a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole for supplying circulating cooling liquid to the guide grooves on the outer circumferential surface of the stator are both communicated from the wall of the cavity to the inner wall of the housing.

7. The turning shaft device according to claim 1, wherein a bushing is sleeved on the main shaft, and the rotor is sleeved outside the bushing; and an expansion component is arranged between the bushing and the main shaft and is used for fixing the bushing on the main shaft.

8. The pivot device according to claim 1, wherein the head of the main shaft is provided with a mounting portion for mounting a jig, and a mounting hole for mounting a tip is formed in the main shaft so as to penetrate through an end surface of the head of the main shaft.

9. A clamping device comprising two swivel axis means as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, the two swivel axis means being coaxially opposed.

10. A machine tool comprising a clamping device as claimed in claim 9 and a spindle means disposed above the clamping device.

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