WO2021244024A1

WO2021244024A1 - Spindle structure

Info

Publication number: WO2021244024A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/141763
Authority: WO
Inventors: 冯尚雄; 王鹏; 陈怀杰; 汤秀清
Original assignee: 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
Priority date: 2020-06-03
Filing date: 2020-12-30
Publication date: 2021-12-09
Also published as: CN111716245A

Abstract

A spindle structure, comprising: a body (1); a bearing (2), mounted in the body (1); a central spindle (3), inserted into the bearing (2) and capable of rotating with respect to the body (1); a locking member (4), sleeving the periphery of the central spindle (3) and being capable of rotating along with the rotation of the central spindle (3), the rear end of the locking member (4) abutting against an inner ring of the bearing (2); a front cover assembly (5), annularly provided on the periphery of the locking member (4), the front cover assembly (5) being connected to the body (1), and the rear end of the front cover assembly (5) abutting against an outer ring of the bearing (2); and a dustproof cover (6), annularly provided on the periphery of the central spindle (3) and located at the front end of the locking member (4) and the front cover assembly (5), and the dustproof cover (6) being detachably connected to the locking member (4) or the front cover assembly (5). A first air channel (12) is formed in the body (1), and a second air channel (51) communicated with the first air channel (12) is formed in the front cover assembly (5); a maze air channel (7) is defined between the front cover assembly (5) and the locking member (4), and the rear end of the maze air channel (7) is communicated with the front end of the bearing (2); air holes (52) communicated with the second air channel (51) and the maze air channel (7) are formed in the front cover assembly (5). The spindle structure can avoid water accumulation in the front cover portion of the body and can achieve good sealing and dustproof effects; in addition, different dustproof covers are only required to be changed when switching is performed between horizontal and vertical mounting, and the versatility and maintainability of the spindle can be improved.

Description

Spindle structure

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application whose application date is June 3, 2020 and the application number is 202010497611.7. The entire content of this application is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

This application relates to the technical field of machine tool equipment, for example, to a spindle structure.

Background technique

Under the background of automation and national intelligent manufacturing, the field of machine tools has put forward higher requirements for spindles. In the future, the modularization and generalization of electric spindles is a general trend. The situation that one type of electric spindle can only be adapted to one type of machine tool will be Fewer and fewer. In the process of modularization and generalization of spindles, it is inevitable that some problems will be encountered, and some even long-standing industrial difficulties and pain points need to be overcome. Among them, the requirements for the sealing performance of the spindle are born with the spindle.

Spindles used on machine tools will inevitably be invaded by various impurities such as machine tool coolant, cutting fluid and machining dust in the air. External dirt will have a great impact on the spindle. The first thing to bear is the spindle bearing. The bearing is the most important of the spindle. A component of the main shaft often fails when the bearing fails. Bearings, as one of the relatively precise parts, have strict requirements on working conditions. If there is no suitable sealing structure, the rotation accuracy, vibration, and heat dissipation performance indicators of the spindle bearing will be rapidly reduced or even lost completely, and the bearing will wear and jam. Eventually failed. In addition, if external water vapor enters the spindle, it will cause the spindle motor to be fatally affected, and it may cause the motor stator to breakdown. Therefore, the nose seal structure of the spindle is also indispensable. A reasonable sealing structure can effectively reduce the damage rate of the spindle bearing, so that the performance of the spindle is more stable and the service life is longer.

Among the existing spindle sealing technologies, the air curtain seal is the most efficient and is widely used by spindle manufacturers. The specific working principle provides the air source with clean and dry high-pressure air blowing from the inside of the spindle to the outside, forming a flowing air between the bearing and the outside. The curtain wall prevents external contaminants from entering the bearing. However, the existing spindle sealing structure generally only supports one of the horizontal or vertical installation methods: after the horizontally installed spindle is installed vertically, there may be a risk of leakage, and it is usually necessary to replace the spindle if it is converted to a vertical installation. Or return to the factory to change the sealing structure of the main shaft to achieve the need for waterproof and dustproof; while the vertical installation of the main shaft is installed horizontally, the internal space formed by the lower cover and the dust cover of the body may accumulate due to gravity. Specially open a leak hole, and this hole must be installed vertically downwards during installation.

Summary of the invention

The present application provides a main shaft structure, which can realize a vertical and horizontal universal design, and can achieve a good sealing effect regardless of whether it is installed vertically or horizontally.

An embodiment provides a spindle structure, including:

The body has a mounting hole at the front end;

Bearing, which is installed in the mounting hole;

A shaft core, which is inserted in the bearing, and the shaft core can rotate relative to the body about its axis of rotation;

A locking member, which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft core and can rotate with the rotation of the shaft core, and the rear end of the locking member abuts against the front end of the inner ring of the bearing;

A front cover assembly, which is arranged around the outer circumference of the locking member, the front cover assembly is connected to the body, and the rear end of the front cover assembly abuts against the front end of the outer ring of the bearing; and

A dust cover, which is ringed around the outer circumference of the shaft core and located at the front end of the locking member and the front cover assembly, and the dust cover is detachably connected to the locking member or the front cover assembly ；

Wherein, the body is provided with a first air passage, the front cover assembly is provided with a second air passage communicating with the first air passage, and the front end of the front cover assembly is adjacent to the shaft core. A first stepped structure, the first stepped structure is arranged around the shaft core, the rear end of the locking member is a second stepped structure that matches the contour of the first stepped structure, the first stepped structure A labyrinth airway is defined between the structure and the second stepped structure, the rear end of the labyrinth airway is connected to the front end of the bearing, and the front cover assembly is provided with a connection between the second airway and the A vent hole of a labyrinth airway, the labyrinth airway is defined between the dustproof cover and the front cover assembly, or between the dustproof cover and the front end of the locking member and the outer peripheral surface of the axis The air outlet of the front end and the outer space.

In the above main shaft structure, optionally, a slot is formed on the rear end surface of the front cover assembly relative to the position of the bearing, and the slot communicates with the rear end of the labyrinth air passage.

In the above main shaft structure, optionally, the second air passage includes an air intake passage, a communicating air passage, and a distribution air passage. The air intake passage extends in the axial direction and communicates with the first air passage. The communicating air passage extends in the radial direction, the distal rotation axis end of the communicating air passage communicates with the air inlet passage, the proximal rotation axis end of the communicating air passage communicates with the distribution air passage, and the distribution air passage surrounds The shaft core is opened;

The front cover assembly is provided with a plurality of vent holes, the vent holes communicate with the distribution air passage and the labyrinth air passage, and each vent hole is evenly distributed along the circumferential interval of the distribution air passage.

In the above main shaft structure, optionally, the vent hole and the communicating air passage are staggered.

In the above spindle structure, optionally, the front cover assembly includes:

The front cover body is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rear end of the locking member, the air inlet is opened on the rear end surface of the front cover body, and the communicating air passage penetrates the inner and outer sides of the front cover body. The outer side is opened, and the front end surface of the front cover body is opened with a receiving groove surrounding the outer periphery of the locking member;

An inner sleeve, which is arranged in the containing groove and connected with the front cover; and

A plug, which is inserted at the outer end of the communicating airway;

Wherein, the distribution air passage is defined between the inner sleeve and the front cover, and the vent hole is opened on the inner sleeve.

In the above spindle structure, optionally, the inner sleeve includes:

The first ring body is provided with an annular groove on its outer peripheral wall; and

A second ring body, which is arranged along the inner edge of the first ring body and connected to the rear end of the first ring body, and the outer circumference of the first ring body connected to the second ring body is defined as a step , The vent hole is opened on the second ring body;

Wherein, a sealant is provided between the annular groove and the front cover body.

In the above spindle structure, optionally, the dust cover includes a dust cover body and a back bent part, the dust cover body is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft core, and the back bent part is along the The outer edge of the dust cover body extends backwards and is arranged around the outer periphery of the front cover assembly, and an air outlet section with a rear end communicating with the outer space is defined between the rear bend and the front cover assembly;

The rear end surface of the dust cover body is provided with a groove body that surrounds the shaft core and extends in the radial direction. The end of the rotation axis is communicated with the air outlet section, and the air outlet section and the groove body jointly define the air outlet passage.

In the above spindle structure, optionally, an annular drainage groove is provided on the outer periphery of the dust cover;

Viewed along the longitudinal section of the dust cover, the drainage groove includes a first wall and a second wall that are sequentially connected from back to front, the first wall is substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis, and the second wall It is inclined and gradually moves away from the rotation axis from back to front.

In the above-mentioned spindle structure, optionally, an air outlet section communicating with the outer space is defined between the inner peripheral surface of the dust cover and the shaft core, and the rear end surface of the dust cover is provided with an opening around the shaft. Core and radially extending groove body, the distal rotation axis end of the groove body communicates with the front end of the labyrinth airway, the proximal rotation axis end of the groove body communicates with the air outlet section, the air outlet section and The troughs collectively define the air outlet.

In the above-mentioned main shaft structure, optionally, the labyrinth air passage includes an air inlet section extending in the axial direction, at least one first section extending in the radial direction connected to the rear end of the air inlet section, and at least one edge In the second axially extending section, the front end of the air inlet section is in communication with the groove body;

Wherein, the radial width of the inlet section is substantially the same as the radial width of the outlet section, the axial width of the groove body is substantially the same as the axial width of the first section, and the inlet section is The radial width of is defined as a, the axial width of the first section is defined as b, and the radial width of the second section is defined as c, a<c<b.

In the above main shaft structure, optionally, a first sealing ring is provided between the front cover assembly and the body, and the first sealing ring is located along the first air passage and the second air passage. The edge setting.

In the above-mentioned spindle structure, optionally, a second sealing ring is provided between the front cover assembly and the body, and the second sealing ring is arranged around the shaft core and is opposite to the first airway. At the communication position with the second air passage, the second sealing ring is closer to the rotation axis.

In the above spindle structure, optionally, the front cover assembly and the machine body, and the dustproof cover and the locking member or the front cover assembly are all connected by screws.

In the above spindle structure, optionally, the locking member and the shaft core are connected by threads.

In the main shaft structure of the present application, the main shaft structure divides the front cover part into two designs, wherein the front cover assembly is installed on the body, the dust cover is detachably installed on the front side of the front cover assembly, and a lock is sleeved on the outside of the shaft core. After the assembly is completed, a labyrinth airway is defined between the locking member and the front cover assembly; during the working process, high-pressure air flows into the body, and the high-pressure air enters the labyrinth airway after passing through the body and the front cover assembly. An air curtain is formed in the labyrinth air passage to achieve better sealing and dust-proofing of the bearing, and finally high-pressure gas is sprayed out from the air outlet; this embodiment uses the combined action of gravity, centrifugal force, and air-sealing airflow to avoid getting in front of the body The cover part has accumulated water and can play a better sealing and dust-proof effect; in addition, when switching between horizontal and vertical installation, only need to replace a different dust cover, which can improve the versatility and versatility of the spindle. Maintainability.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the spindle structure of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the main shaft structure in Fig. 1 with respect to the labyrinth airway;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the spindle structure in FIG. 1 in another direction;

4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner sleeve of the spindle structure in FIG. 1;

Figure 5 is a front view of Figure 4;

Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of part I of Fig. 5;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the dust cover of the spindle structure in Figure 1;

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the spindle structure of the present application.

In the figure, 1. Body; 11. Mounting hole; 12. First air passage; 2. Bearing; 3. Shaft core; 31. Rotation axis; 4. Locking member; 5. Front cover assembly; 51. Second air Channel; 511, air inlet; 512, connecting air channel; 513, distribution air channel; 52, vent; 53, front cover; 531, containing groove; 54, inner sleeve; 541, first ring body; 5411 Annular groove; 542, second ring body; 55, plug; 56, slotting; 6, dust cover; 61, dust cover body; 62, back bend; 63, tank body; 64, drainage groove; 641 7. First wall; 642. Second wall; 7. Labyrinth air passage; 71. Inlet section; 72. First section; 73. Second section; 8. Outlet passage; 9. Outlet section; 10. First seal Ring; 20, the second sealing ring; 30, screw.

detailed description

First of all, it should be noted that the "front" and "rear" mentioned in this article respectively refer to when the processing tool is installed on the spindle structure to process the workpiece, the end near the workpiece is the "front" and the far One end of the workpiece is "rear", they are relative concepts, and therefore can be changed according to their different positions and different practical states. Therefore, these or other directions should not be used as restrictive terms.

It should be noted that the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plural number.

In addition, it should also be pointed out that for any single technical feature described or implied in the embodiments herein, or any single technical feature shown or implied in the drawings, these technical features (or their equivalents) Continue to combine between things) to obtain other embodiments of the present application that are not directly mentioned in this article.

In addition, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various information, but the information should not be limited to these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, the “first” information may also be referred to as “second” information, and similarly, the “second” information may also be referred to as “first” information.

It should be noted that in different drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same or substantially the same components.

Example one

As shown in Figures 1-7, this embodiment provides a spindle structure, which includes: a body 1, a bearing 2, a shaft core 3, a locking member 4, a front cover assembly 5, and a dust cover 6. The front end of the body 1 is provided with a mounting hole 11, the bearing 2 is installed in the mounting hole 11, the shaft core 3 is inserted into the bearing 2, the shaft core 3 can rotate relative to the body 1 about its

rotation axis

31, and 4 sets of locking parts It is arranged on the outer circumference of the shaft core 3 and can rotate with the rotation of the shaft core 3. The rear end of the locking member 4 abuts against the front end of the inner ring of the bearing 2, and the front cover assembly 5 is ring-mounted on the outer circumference of the locking member 4, The front cover assembly 5 is connected to the body 1, and the rear end of the front cover assembly 5 abuts against the front end of the outer ring of the bearing 2. The dust cover 6 is ringed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 3 and is located at the locking member 4 and the front cover assembly At the front end of 5, the dust cover 6 and the locking member 4 are detachably connected; wherein, the body 1 is provided with a first air passage 12, and the front cover assembly 5 is provided with a second air passage 51 communicating with the first air passage 12 , The front end of the front cover assembly 5 is adjacent to the shaft core 3 in a first stepped structure, the first stepped structure is arranged around the shaft core 3, the rear end of the locking member 4 is a second stepped structure that matches the contour of the first stepped structure. A stepped structure, a labyrinth airway 7 is defined between the first stepped structure and the second stepped structure, the labyrinth airway 7 is connected to the front end of the bearing 2, and the front cover assembly 5 is provided with the second airway 51 and the labyrinth airway 7 The air vent 52 is defined between the dust cover 6 and the front cover assembly 5 to define an air outlet 8 connecting the front end of the labyrinth air channel 7 and the outer space.

More specifically, the dust cover 6 includes a dust cover 61 and a back bent portion 62. The dust cover 61 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft core 3, and the back bent portion 62 extends backward along the outer edge of the dust cover 61 It is arranged around the outer periphery of the front cover assembly 5, and an air outlet section 9 communicating with the external space is defined between the rear bent portion 62 and the front cover assembly 5; The groove body 63 extends in the radial direction. The proximal rotation axis 31 end of the groove body 63 communicates with the front end of the labyrinth air passage 7, and the distal rotation axis 31 end of the groove body 63 communicates with the air outlet section 9, and the air outlet section 9 and the groove body 63 are common Restricted to the above-mentioned air outlet 8.

The main shaft structure in this embodiment is mainly suitable for horizontal installation. The main improvement is that the front cover of the traditional body 1 is divided into two. The front cover assembly 5 is installed as a moving part on the front end of the body 1 to prevent dust The cover 6 as a moving part is detachably mounted on the locking member 4 to rotate together with the shaft core 3, and the front cover assembly 5 and the locking member 4 are both arranged in a stepped structure, thereby passing through the front cover assembly 5 and the locking member 4 The two concave and convex forms constitute a labyrinth air passage 7; when the main shaft is working, high-pressure air is continuously introduced into the body 1, and the high-pressure air reaches the front end of the body 1 through the first air passage 12 of the body 1, and passes through the second air passage 51. Flows into the labyrinth air passage 7, forming a sealed air curtain in the labyrinth air passage 7, and the labyrinth air passage 7 is connected to the front end of the bearing 2, so that the bearing 2 can be sealed, and finally the gas outlet section 9 is ejected backward in the axial direction .

The main shaft in this embodiment is provided with the sealing structure at the front end, and it is difficult for external impurities to enter the inside of the main shaft, which can effectively prevent various processing dust, oil mist, water vapor and other gas-phase impurities from entering the bearing 2 from the environment; in addition, each in this embodiment The setting of the air passage combined with the working characteristics of horizontal installation, coupled with the action of centrifugal force, can realize self-draining at low speeds, to a certain extent, to prevent grinding coolant from entering the spindle.

In order to better realize the air-sealing effect on the bearing 2, a slot 56 is opened on the rear end surface of the front cover assembly 5 relative to the bearing 2, and the slot 56 communicates with the rear end of the labyrinth air passage 7; in the bearing 2 A section of flowing air curtain wall is formed between the front face of the maze and the labyrinth channel.

Further, in order to avoid the phenomenon of uneven air flow in the air seal, the second air passage 51 includes an air inlet 511, a communicating air passage 512, and a distribution air passage 513. The air inlet 511 extends in the axial direction and is connected to the first air passage 12 Connected, the connecting air passage 512 extends in the radial direction, the end of the distal rotation axis 31 of the connecting air passage 512 is communicated with the air inlet 511, the end of the proximal rotation axis 31 of the connecting air passage 512 is connected with the distribution air passage 513, and the distribution air passage 513 surrounds The shaft core 3 is opened; the front cover assembly 5 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 52, the vent holes 52 communicate with the distribution air passage 513 and the labyrinth air passage 7, and the vent holes 52 are evenly distributed along the circumferential interval of the distribution air passage 513. Since the circulation area of the vent holes 52 is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the distribution air passage 513 (the air pressure in the entire distribution air passage 513 can be regarded as the same), each vent hole 52 acts as a throttling function to make the air seal air flow uniform , Stably distributed in the labyrinth airway 7.

Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, 8 vent holes 52 with a diameter of 1 mm are provided.

Further, in order to make the air-sealed air flow more evenly and stably distributed in the labyrinth air passage 7, the vent hole 52 and the communicating air passage 512 are staggered, that is, the vent hole 52 and the distribution air passage 513 should be prevented from being directly opposite.

In order to facilitate processing and accurately control the size of the second air passage 51, the front cover assembly 5 includes: a front cover 53, an inner sleeve 54 and a plug 55. The front cover 53 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rear end of the locking member 4, and The air passage 511 is opened on the rear end surface of the front cover body 53, and the communicating air passage 512 runs through the inner and outer sides of the front cover body 53, and the front end surface of the front cover body 53 is provided with a receiving groove surrounding the outer periphery of the locking member 4 531. The inner sleeve 54 is arranged in the receiving groove 531 and connected with the front cover 53, and the plug 55 is inserted into the outer end of the communicating air passage 512 to seal the outer end of the communicating air passage 512; wherein the inner sleeve 54 A distribution air passage 513 is defined between the outer circumference and the inner circumference of the front cover 53, and the vent hole 52 is opened on the inner sleeve 54. Illustratively, the plug 55 and the front cover 53 are tightly connected with each other by means of tensioning and gluing. It should be noted that the mating surfaces between the front cover 53, the plug 55, and the inner sleeve 54 need to be finished to ensure that no air-tight gas leaks. Illustratively, the plug 55 is made of stainless steel.

More specifically, the inner sleeve 54 includes a first ring body 541 and a second ring body 542. The outer peripheral wall of the first ring body 541 is provided with an annular groove 5411, and the second ring body 542 is arranged along the inner edge of the first ring body 541. Connected to the rear end of the first ring body 541, the outer circumference of the first ring body 541 connected with the second ring body 542 is defined in a step shape, and the vent hole 52 is opened on the second ring body 542; wherein, the annular groove 5411 and the front cover A sealant is arranged between the bodies 53. If they are sealed and connected in a way of tightening and gluing, the stability and reliability of the seal can be ensured, and no gas leakage of the gas seal can be ensured.

In order to further prevent the accumulation of water in the air-sealed channel, the outer periphery of the dust cover 6 is provided with an annular drainage groove 64, which is used for drainage; viewed along the longitudinal section of the dust cover 6, the drainage groove 64 includes The first wall 641 and the second wall 642 are connected in sequence, the first wall 641 is substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis 31, and the second wall 642 is inclined and gradually moves away from the rotation axis 31 from back to front; The upper opening is provided with a drainage groove 64, which is more suitable for the working characteristics of horizontal installation and realizes self-draining.

More specifically, in order to ensure a good sealing effect while reducing the processing difficulty, the labyrinth air passage 7 includes an air inlet section 71 extending in the axial direction, and at least one first radially extending first section connected to the rear end of the air inlet section 71 in sequence. Section 72 and at least one second section 73 extending in the axial direction. The front end of the air inlet section 71 is in communication with the groove body 63; wherein the radial width of the air inlet section 71 is basically the same as the radial width of the air outlet section 9, and the groove body The axial width of 63 is basically the same as the axial width of the first section 72. The radial width of the intake section 71 is defined as a, the axial width of the first section 72 is defined as b, and the radial width of the second section 73 is defined as Defined as c, a<c<b.

Among them, the air outlet section 9 is used as the first line of defense for the main shaft seal, and a large flow of compressed air is blown out from this direction. The air inlet section 71 of the labyrinth air passage 7 is used as the second line of defense. 72 and the second section 73 as the last line of defense for the spindle seal can avoid the accumulation of dust from the spindle for a long time and cause the spindle to jam; in addition, the overall annular groove 63 is opened on the rear end of the dust cover 6 as a buffer area , Can reduce the kinetic energy of splashing liquid, thereby increasing the difficulty of breaking through the second line of defense. Even if the liquid enters the buffer area, it will be discharged in time under the action of gravity, centrifugal force and air-sealed airflow without causing accumulation. Compared with the traditional main shaft provided with leakage holes, there is no waste of air seal air flow, and the air seal structure is more efficient and reliable. In addition, in the above embodiment, when the air pressure of the air seal gas source is 0.25 Mpa, the air seal gas flow rate can reach 80 L/min.

Further, in order to achieve a better sealing installation, a first sealing ring 10 is provided between the front cover assembly 5 and the body 1, and the first sealing ring 10 is arranged along the edge of the communication position of the first air passage 12 and the second air passage 51 A second sealing ring 20 is provided between the front cover assembly 5 and the body 1, and the second sealing ring 20 is arranged around the shaft core 3, and relative to the communication position of the first air passage 12 and the second air passage 51, the second sealing ring The ring 20 is closer to the axis of rotation 31; for example, the gap between the rear end of the front cover assembly 5 and the front end of the body 1 can be slightly processed during processing, and then the second sealing ring 20 can be installed.

In addition, in order to facilitate installation and disassembly, the front cover assembly 5 and the body 1 and the dust cover 6 and the locking member 4 are all connected by screws 30; in addition, the locking member 4 and the shaft core 3 are connected by threads.

In addition, in order to ensure a close fit between the mounting surfaces, each mounting surface needs to achieve high precision; at the same time, in order to ensure a reasonable air seal gap, it is necessary to ensure the coaxiality of each annular groove 5411, so that a flow velocity is formed in the annular air passage The air curtain with uniform flow rate achieves the ideal air sealing effect.

Example two

As shown in FIG. 8, this embodiment provides another spindle structure. The difference from the first embodiment is only that the structure of the dust cover 6 is different. Only the difference will be described below.

The main shaft structure in this embodiment is suitable for vertical installation, the dust cover 6 is detachably mounted on the front end of the front cover assembly 5 as a static part, and the air outlet 8 is limited to the front end surface of the dust cover 6 and the locking member 4 and Between the inner peripheral surface of the dust cover 6 and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft core 3.

Specifically, between the inner circumferential surface of the dust cover 6 and the shaft core 3 is defined an air outlet section 9 communicating with the outer space at the front end, and the rear end surface of the dust cover 6 is provided with a groove body that surrounds the shaft core 3 and extends in the radial direction. 63. The 31 end of the distal rotation axis of the tank body 63 communicates with the front end of the labyrinth air passage 7, and the end of the proximal rotation axis 31 of the tank body 63 communicates with the air outlet section 9, and the air outlet section 9 and the groove body 63 jointly define the air outlet passage 8. During the work process of the vertical installation of the main shaft structure, the air-sealed airflow is jetted forward in the axial direction through the air outlet section 9, which can achieve a better dustproof and waterproof effect.

Exemplarily, the dust cover 6 and the front cover assembly 5 in this embodiment are also connected by screws 30.

In addition, it should be noted that, in order to be able to adapt different types of dust covers for vertical or horizontal installation, in any of the above embodiments, screws are reserved on the locking member 4 and the front cover assembly 5. Hole position.

In summary, the main shaft structure of this embodiment divides the front cover part into two designs, wherein the front cover assembly is installed on the body, the dust cover is detachably installed on the front side of the front cover assembly, and the shaft core is sleeved The locking part defines a labyrinth airway between the locking part and the front cover assembly after the assembly is completed; during the working process, high-pressure air flows in the body, and the high-pressure air enters the labyrinth airway after passing through the body and the front cover assembly. An air curtain is formed in the labyrinth air passage to achieve better sealing and dust-proofing of the bearing, and finally high-pressure gas is sprayed out from the air outlet; this embodiment uses the combined action of gravity, centrifugal force, and air-sealing airflow to avoid getting in front of the body The cover part has accumulated water and can play a better sealing and dust-proof effect; when switching between horizontal and vertical installation, only need to replace a different dust cover, which can improve the versatility and maintainability of the spindle.

This specification discloses the application with reference to the accompanying drawings, and also enables those skilled in the art to implement the application, including manufacturing and using any device or system, using appropriate materials, and using any combined method. The scope of the present application is defined by the claimed technical solution, and includes other examples that those skilled in the art think of. As long as such other examples include structural elements that are not different from the literal language of the claimed technical solution, or such other examples include equivalent structural elements that are not substantially different from the literal language of the claimed technical solution, such other examples It should be considered to be within the scope of protection determined by the technical solution claimed in this application.

Claims

A spindle structure, including:

The body has a mounting hole at the front end;

Bearing, which is installed in the mounting hole;

A shaft core, which is inserted in the bearing, and the shaft core can rotate relative to the body about its axis of rotation;

A locking member, which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft core and can rotate with the rotation of the shaft core, and the rear end of the locking member abuts against the front end of the inner ring of the bearing;

A front cover assembly, which is arranged around the outer circumference of the locking member, the front cover assembly is connected to the body, and the rear end of the front cover assembly abuts against the front end of the outer ring of the bearing; and

A dust cover, which is ringed around the outer circumference of the shaft core and located at the front end of the locking member and the front cover assembly, and the dust cover is detachably connected to the locking member or the front cover assembly ；

Wherein, the body is provided with a first air passage, the front cover assembly is provided with a second air passage communicating with the first air passage, and the front end of the front cover assembly is adjacent to the shaft core. A first stepped structure, the first stepped structure is arranged around the shaft core, the rear end of the locking member is a second stepped structure that matches the contour of the first stepped structure, the first stepped structure A labyrinth airway is defined between the structure and the second stepped structure, the rear end of the labyrinth airway is connected to the front end of the bearing, and the front cover assembly is provided with a connection between the second airway and the A vent hole of a labyrinth airway, the labyrinth airway is defined between the dustproof cover and the front cover assembly, or between the dustproof cover and the front end of the locking member and the outer peripheral surface of the axis The air outlet of the front end and the outer space.
The main shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein a slot is formed on the rear end surface of the front cover assembly relative to the bearing, and the slot communicates with the rear end of the labyrinth air passage.
The main shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein the second air passage includes an air inlet, a communicating air passage, and a distribution air passage, the air inlet extending in the axial direction and communicating with the first air passage, The communicating air passage extends in a radial direction, the distal rotation axis end of the communicating air passage communicates with the air inlet passage, the proximal rotation axis end of the communicating air passage communicates with the distribution air passage, and the distribution air Roads are opened around the axis;

The front cover assembly is provided with a plurality of vent holes, the vent holes communicate with the distribution air passage and the labyrinth air passage, and each vent hole is evenly distributed along the circumferential interval of the distribution air passage.
The main shaft structure according to claim 3, wherein the vent hole and the communicating air passage are staggered.
The main shaft structure according to claim 3, wherein the front cover assembly comprises:

The front cover body is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rear end of the locking member, the air inlet is opened on the rear end surface of the front cover body, and the communicating air passage penetrates the inner and outer sides of the front cover body. The outer side is opened, and the front end surface of the front cover body is opened with a receiving groove surrounding the outer periphery of the locking member;

An inner sleeve, which is arranged in the containing groove and connected with the front cover; and

A plug, which is inserted at the outer end of the communicating airway;

Wherein, the distribution air passage is defined between the inner sleeve and the front cover, and the vent hole is opened on the inner sleeve.
The spindle structure according to claim 5, wherein the inner sleeve comprises:

The first ring body is provided with an annular groove on its outer peripheral wall; and

A second ring body, which is arranged along the inner edge of the first ring body and connected to the rear end of the first ring body, and the outer circumference of the first ring body connected to the second ring body is defined as a step , The vent hole is opened on the second ring body;

Wherein, a sealant is provided between the annular groove and the front cover body.
The spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein the dust cover includes a dust cover body and a back bent part, the dust cover body is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft core, and the back bent part is arranged along the The outer edge of the dust-proof cover body extends rearward and surrounds the outer periphery of the front cover assembly, and an air outlet section with a rear end communicating with the outer space is defined between the rear bent portion and the front cover assembly;

The rear end of the dust cover body is provided with a groove body that surrounds the shaft core and extends in the radial direction. The end of the rotation axis is communicated with the air outlet section, and the air outlet section and the groove body jointly define the air outlet passage.
The spindle structure according to claim 7, wherein the outer periphery of the dust cover is provided with an annular drainage groove;

Viewed along the longitudinal section of the dust cover, the drainage groove includes a first wall and a second wall that are sequentially connected from back to front, the first wall is substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis, and the second wall It is inclined and gradually moves away from the rotation axis from back to front.
The spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein an air outlet section communicating with the external space is defined between the inner peripheral surface of the dust cover and the shaft core, and a surrounding area is provided on the rear end surface of the dust cover. A groove body extending in the radial direction with the shaft core, the distal rotation axis end of the groove body communicates with the front end of the labyrinth airway, the proximal rotation axis end of the groove body communicates with the air outlet section, and the air outlet The segment and the groove body jointly define the air outlet.
The main shaft structure according to claim 7 or 9, wherein the labyrinth air passage includes an intake section extending in the axial direction, and at least one first section extending in the radial direction connected to the rear end of the intake section in sequence And at least one second section extending in the axial direction, and the front end of the air inlet section is in communication with the groove body;

Wherein, the radial width of the inlet section is substantially the same as the radial width of the outlet section, the axial width of the groove body is substantially the same as the axial width of the first section, and the inlet section is The radial width of is defined as a, the axial width of the first section is defined as b, and the radial width of the second section is defined as c, a<c<b.
The main shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein a first sealing ring is provided between the front cover assembly and the body, and the first sealing ring runs along the first air passage and the second air passage. The edge setting of the connected position.
The main shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein a second sealing ring is provided between the front cover assembly and the body, and the second sealing ring is arranged around the shaft core and is opposite to the first At the communication position between the air passage and the second air passage, the second sealing ring is closer to the rotation axis.
The main shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein the front cover assembly and the machine body, and the dustproof cover and the locking member or the front cover assembly are all connected by screws.
The main shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein the locking member and the shaft core are connected by threads.