CN115533296A - Method and system for realizing well sealing of oil and gas well - Google Patents
Method and system for realizing well sealing of oil and gas well Download PDFInfo
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- CN115533296A CN115533296A CN202110741441.7A CN202110741441A CN115533296A CN 115533296 A CN115533296 A CN 115533296A CN 202110741441 A CN202110741441 A CN 202110741441A CN 115533296 A CN115533296 A CN 115533296A
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K23/00—Alumino-thermic welding
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1204—Packers; Plugs permanent; drillable
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for realizing well plugging of an oil-gas well, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive and an eutectic alloy to form a reactant body; deploying an ignition device within the reactant body; arranging a reaction platform and reactant bodies in sequence at the position of a well to be sealed; lowering a pressurizing device over the reactant body; the ignition device and the pressurization device are controlled by the surface device to start, so that thermite in the reaction material body is burnt and eutectic alloy is melted, and under the action of the applied pressurization force, the melted liquid alloy is injected into the gap of the well wall by promoting the expansion of reaction products to form a seal. The invention can meet the requirement of underground sealing, and ensure the integrity of the oil-gas well and the requirement of normal production operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of well drilling and completion sealing, in particular to a method and a system for realizing well plugging of an oil-gas well.
Background
By "thermite reaction" is meant a broad class of chemical reactions that can be defined as an exothermic reaction involving the reaction of a metal with a metal or metalloid oxide to form a more stable oxide and the corresponding reactant metal or metalloid oxide. The initial study of this reaction was aimed at producing high purity metals without carbon melting, and then using the thermite process for welding.
Nowadays, thermite has been applied in the drilling industry in the fields of blowout prevention, explosive seal casing perforation, gas generation downhole tool driving, perforation and hydraulic fracturing, and downhole metal bonding members. In ground applications, there are many other solutions for welding and removing thermite. In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that: although thermite can be used in downhole drilling, fracturing, etc. techniques, and in surface welding, etc., these are not relevant to the application of well completion seals.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for realizing well sealing of an oil and gas well, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive and an eutectic alloy to form a reactant material body; deploying an ignition device; arranging a reaction platform and a reactant body in sequence at a position to be sealed, wherein the reactant body is positioned above the reaction platform; lowering a pressurizing device over the reactant body; the ignition device and the pressurization device are controlled by a ground device to start, the thermite in the reaction material body is promoted to burn and melt the eutectic alloy, and the molten liquid alloy is injected into the gap of the well wall by promoting the expansion of the reaction products under the action of the exerted pressure to form a seal.
Preferably, the reaction material body is constructed in an annular cylinder structure, and the section of the annular cylinder is matched with the section of the shaft well annulus space to be sealed currently.
Preferably, the method further comprises: determining the reaction temperature and the reaction speed which are required to be reached by the combustion reaction of the thermite at present; and determining the weight ratio of the thermite material to the thermite reaction additive according to the reaction temperature and the reaction speed, so as to dilute the thermite material by using the thermite reaction additive.
Preferably, a first proportion of the mass of the thermite material before dilution to the total material mass and a second proportion of the mass of the thermite material after dilution to the total material mass are calculated, wherein the ratio of the first proportion to the second proportion ranges from 5% to 75%.
Preferably, the thermite reaction additive is selected from one or more of metal oxide, silicon dioxide and calcium oxide.
Preferably, the pressurising means employs a temperature-tolerant piston, and, upon activation of the temperature-tolerant piston, the method comprises: the ground device is used for controlling the reciprocating motion of the pressure-resistant piston and providing a pressurizing load for a reaction space formed by the combustion reaction of thermite; under the action of the pressing load, the reaction product in the reaction space forms radial expansion and gradually presses the sleeve to inject the reaction product.
Preferably, the thermite material is a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum powder, wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide to the aluminum powder is 3.
Preferably, when the ignition device is deployed, it comprises: there are respective sets of igniters disposed at different radial angles within the reactant volume, wherein the set of igniters includes one or more igniters distributed along a midpoint axis of the toroidal radius at a current radial angle.
Preferably, the method further comprises: replacing the step of deploying the ignition device prior to the run-in reaction station with the step of deploying the ignition device after the run-in reaction station, comprising: a heater is disposed externally of the lowered reactant mass to heat the reactant mass to a reaction temperature to initiate combustion of the mass.
Preferably, a low melting point oxide is used instead of the eutectic material.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a system for carrying out well plugging of a hydrocarbon well, said system being adapted to carry out the method as described above, said system comprising: a reactant body formed by the intimate mixing of a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive, and a eutectic alloy; the reaction platform is used for bearing the reactant bodies and a reaction space formed by combustion reaction of materials; a pressurizing device located above the reactant body for providing an applied pressure to the reaction space required for the current material combustion reaction; an ignition device disposed within the body of reactant material for causing thermite within the body of reactant material to combust and melt the eutectic alloy upon activation to inject a molten liquid alloy into the borehole wall gap under the applied pressure by causing expansion of the body of reactant material to form a seal.
Preferably, the reaction platform comprises a basket body, a bearing material layer, an insulating layer and a protective sleeve, wherein the bearing material layer is located on the outer surface of the basket body, the insulating layer is located on the outer surface of the bearing material layer, and the protective sleeve is located on the periphery of the insulating layer.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method and a system for realizing well plugging of an oil-gas well. According to the method and the system, when the improved thermite enters the position to be sealed in the well, chemical reaction is activated through the transmission cable, eutectic alloy is melted through energy released by combustion reaction of the improved thermite, liquid eutectic alloy is poured into a well wall gap at the position to be sealed, once combustion is finished, the liquid alloy is cooled down, and is solidified and expanded radially in the well to form sealing. In addition, the present invention controls the reaction pressure, temperature, reaction rate and expansion characteristics of the thermite seal by adjusting the weight ratio between the thermite reactant and the diluent additive, thereby adjusting the performance targets of well sealing construction and improving the sealing characteristics of the resulting seal. And further adding a eutectic material or a low melting point oxide to the reactant mixture to change the properties of the product melt while changing the viscosity of the product liquid phase, on the basis of forming a thermite material having a specific layer by means of dilution of the thermite reactant. In addition, the invention also adjusts the direction of the ignition source by adding the compression load force to realize the directional control of the expansion of the product, thereby compressing the sealing body in the reaction process to compress the material and reduce the porosity of the material, and further continuously providing the thermite to the reaction zone. The invention can meet the requirements of underground sealing, ensure the integrity of oil and gas wells and the requirements of normal production operation, carry out well repair operation on the oil and gas production wells, carry out integrity sealing on the wells, and complete sealing on wells for underground storage of nuclear waste, carbon dioxide sealing and the like.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the steps of a method for accomplishing well shut-in of an oil and gas well in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a lowering reaction station in a method for achieving well sealing of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an application scenario of positioning and opening of a reaction platform in a method for achieving well plugging of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a material combustion reaction process in a method for achieving well plugging of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a material combustion reaction process after a pressurization device is started in a method for implementing well plugging of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for achieving well sealing of oil and gas wells according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to explain how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and to achieve the technical effects. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
By "thermite reaction" is meant a broad class of chemical reactions that can be defined as an exothermic reaction involving the reaction of a metal with a metal or metalloid oxide to form a more stable oxide and the corresponding reactant metal or metalloid oxide. The initial study of this reaction was aimed at producing high purity metals without carbon melting, and then using the aluminothermic process for welding.
Nowadays, thermite has been applied in the drilling industry in the fields of blowout prevention, explosive seal casing perforation, gas generation downhole tool driving, perforation and hydraulic fracturing, and downhole metal bonding members. In terrestrial applications, there are many other solutions for welding and removing thermite. In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that: although thermite can be used in downhole drilling, fracturing, etc. techniques, and in surface welding, etc., these are not relevant to the application of well completion seals.
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method and a system for realizing well sealing of an oil and gas well. The method and the system comprise the following steps: putting the reaction platform into a preset position and starting the reaction platform; starting an igniter to enable the filled reaction materials to carry out aluminothermic reaction and melt the eutectic alloy material with low melting point through the heat released by the current reaction; pressure is applied to the current reaction space, the molten alloy reaches a sealing area formed by a well wall crack under the action of the pressure, and therefore the eutectic alloy fluid achieves sealing in the well through expansion characteristics. In addition, the present invention moderates the current thermite reaction by adding thermite reaction additives such as metal oxide, silicon dioxide, etc., so as to ensure that the liquid alloy can maintain a liquid form for a long time, thereby achieving the reaction temperature and the reaction speed required by well sealing construction.
Before describing the embodiments of the present invention, the principle of the thermite reaction will be described. The thermite is a mixture of aluminium powder and high-melting point metal oxide (such as iron sesquioxide powder) in proportion, when in use, oxidant is added for ignition, the reaction is carried out violently, aluminium oxide and simple substance are obtained, a large amount of heat is released, the temperature can reach about 2500 ℃, the generated simple substance can be melted, and therefore, the reaction is called thermite reaction. The thermite reaction principle can be applied to production, such as welding steel rails and the like. Certain metal oxides (such as V2O5, cr2O3, mnO2 and the like) are used for replacing the iron oxide, and the metal oxides can also be used as thermite. When the aluminum powder reacts with these metal oxides, sufficient heat is generated to cause the reduced metal to be in a molten state at a higher temperature and to separate from the formed slag, thereby obtaining a purer metal. The smelting of refractory metals such as vanadium, chromium, manganese and the like is commonly used in industry, and the smelting method utilizes the principle that aluminum emits heat when being oxidized.
Example one
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the steps of a method for accomplishing well shut-in of an oil and gas well in an embodiment of the present application. A method for performing well shut-in of an oil and gas well (hereinafter referred to as "well shut-in method") according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1.
Step S110, uniformly mixing the thermite material, the thermite reaction additive and the eutectic alloy to form a reactant body. The typical thermite reaction form is 2A1+ Fe 2 0 3 →2Fe+A1 2 0 3 Such conventional aluminothermic reactions generate a large amount of heat, specifically reaction temperatures of up to about 2500 ℃ per unit mass. The inventor of the invention realizes that the strength of the conventional thermite reaction is not suitable for the underground well sealing construction occasion through repeated experiments in the process of realizing the invention. Thus, there is a need for improvements to reactant bodies suitable for well sealing operations.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to complete the well sealing construction, a relatively mild thermite reaction needs to be carried out at a well-to-be-sealed position specified in the well, so as to control the reaction temperature and the reaction speed of a thermite combustion reaction (namely, a thermite reaction) required by the well sealing construction. Therefore, in step S110, a reactant material is prepared by uniformly mixing a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive material, and a eutectic alloy material to form a reactant material body. Thus, the present invention constructs an improved thermite (i.e., reactant mass) in step S110. In step S110, the amount of heat generated by the thermite charge after combustion is controlled by the addition of thermite reaction additives (damping agents and/or binders), ensuring that the current reaction is able to generate sufficient heat to melt the eutectic alloy inside the reactant charge, which propagates upward through the thermite as combustion occurs in the reaction zone. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, a low melting point oxide may be used instead of the eutectic alloy, so as to realize a thermite reaction based on the improved thermite, that is, an improved thermite reaction.
In one embodiment, the thermite material is a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum powder. Wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide to the aluminum powder is 3. The stoichiometric mixture of iron oxide and aluminum powder, each having a mass of about 3, is relatively fast, violent and difficult to control under atmospheric conditions at this mixing ratio, and is capable of generating large amounts of heat energy with peak temperatures approaching 2500-3000 ℃. However, in order to seal a well, the conventional thermite reaction must be controlled to control the reaction temperature, reaction rate, morphology of the reaction products to form an overall molten flowable seal material.
In an embodiment of the invention, the thermite reaction additive material is selected from one or more of metal oxides, silica and calcium oxide. That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the thermite reaction additive material may be a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide or iron oxide, or may be a mixture of silicon dioxide and/or calcium oxide, or may be a mixture of the foregoing materials, so as to dilute the thermite reaction additive material to mildly moderate the conventional thermite reaction.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, in order to enable the reactant body to obtain sufficient reaction space and reaction scale at the position to be sealed, the shape of the reactant body required for the thermite reaction suitable for well sealing construction needs to be modified. In particular, it is desirable to configure the morphology of the reactant bodies as an annular cylindrical shape. Wherein the section of the currently constructed annular cylinder is matched with the section of a shaft annular space (annular space between a shaft wall and a shaft) of the currently to-be-sealed well.
Further, in order to achieve the purpose of better suitability for the well sealing construction occasion, the embodiment of the present invention not only needs to define the composition and form of the reactant body in step S110, but also needs to set the reaction temperature and the reaction speed required by the improved thermite reaction (i.e., the thermite reaction for the well sealing construction scenario). Specifically, step S110 further needs to determine a reaction temperature and a reaction speed that are required to be reached by the thermite combustion reaction for the current well sealing construction, and then determine a weight ratio of the thermite material to the thermite reaction additive in the current reaction material body according to the temperature and speed requirements of the current thermite reaction, so as to dilute the thermite material by using the thermite reaction additive prepared by the weight ratio.
Further, the dilution effect of the thermite feed by the thermite reaction additive can be used to control the final product with excellent mechanical properties, peak temperature, and reaction rate improvement in the thermite reaction. For example, an aluminum/iron oxide diluted thermite formulation with aluminum oxide can slow the reaction and slow the reaction rate, allowing the thermite reaction to be completely sealed with minimal (gas) pressure build-up. The stoichiometric aluminum/iron oxide thermite has a nominal peak temperature of 2965 ℃, and by adding 75% by mass of aluminum oxide powder to the original thermite feed mixture, the peak reaction temperature of the modified thermite reaction can be controlled below 1700 ℃ while still continuing to sustain combustion. The inventor discovers that in the process of implementing the invention: a dilution amount greater than the above percentage does not maintain the thermite reaction, and therefore, a mass of 75% is considered as a practical upper limit of the dilution amount. Compared with the conventional thermite material combustion speed of the original undiluted thermite in the thermite reaction of 10-100 cm/s, the diluted thermite reaction charge causes the reaction speed to be slow and can be controlled to be as low as 0.1cm/s. Thus, the inventors have recognized that slow, controlled effects can be achieved by diluting the thermite so as to improve the thermite reaction at lower reaction temperatures, which is desirable for applications where the thermite combustion reaction is used in oil well sealing scenarios, and may be applicable to various design of thermite reactants for oil and gas well sealing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the reaction speed of the improved thermite reaction suitable for the oil-gas well sealing scene is 0.5-1 cm/s. More specifically, a first proportion of the mass of the diluted thermite material to the total material mass and a second proportion of the diluted thermite material to the total material mass are calculated, wherein the ratio of the first proportion to the second proportion ranges from 5% to 75%. Further, in order to achieve a reaction speed of the thermite reaction which is more suitable for a well-sealing construction scene, the range of the ratio value of the first ratio to the second ratio in the embodiment of the invention is preferably 10% to 50%.
After the preparation of the reactant mass is complete, the process proceeds to step S120. As shown in fig. 1, an ignition device is deployed in step S120. Thus, the ignition start condition is prepared for the current modified thermite reaction using step S120.
In step S120, when the ignition device is deployed before the reaction table is lowered to the downhole well-to-be-sealed position, the ignition device is implemented by using an igniter device. The ignition device is connected with a ground (control) device through a cable, and the ground device is used for controlling the ignition device to be started and stopped.
In one embodiment, upon deployment of the igniter apparatus, it is desirable to provide corresponding sets of igniters at different radial angles of the reactant body (one set for each radial angle). Wherein the set of igniters includes one or more igniters that are currently uniformly distributed along an axis at which a midpoint of the toroidal radius is located at a current radial angle. Therefore, after all igniters in the igniter equipment are started, materials at different radial angle positions of the current reactant fuel body and at different axial height positions corresponding to each radial angle are ignited, and the purpose of uniformly igniting the materials at different positions in the reactant fuel body is achieved. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to any particular type of igniter, and that the igniter may be electrical in nature, or may be any suitable chemical, electrical or pyrotechnic igniter.
Thus, after the setting of the ignition device is completed, the process proceeds to step S130. As shown in fig. 1, step S130 is to arrange a reaction platform at the well sealing position. In an embodiment of the invention, the reaction table comprises a falling basket body, a bearing material layer, an insulating layer and a protective sleeve. The reaction platform is used for carrying the reactant bodies and a reaction space formed by the reactant bodies in the improved thermite reaction (material combustion reaction). Wherein, the bearing material layer is located the surface of basket main part, and the bearing material layer adopts the compact bearing material. The insulating layer is located the surface of bearing material layer to the insulating layer adopts insulating material to make. The insulating layer is used for isolating a reaction space formed by the current improved thermite reaction from the bearing material so as to protect the heat released by the improved thermite reaction from damaging the basket main body and ensure the bearing performance of the bearing material layer. In addition, the protective sheath is located the periphery of insulating layer, is used for guaranteeing blue bearing performance is intact to guarantee the success rate of shut-in construction technology.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, the reaction table is also connected with the ground device through a cable, so that the lowering position of the reaction table is positioned by the ground device, and the reaction table is controlled to be opened when the reaction table is lowered to the position of the appointed depth of the well to be sealed, so that the reaction table is in an open state, and the opened reaction table is fixed at the position of the well to be sealed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a lowering reaction station in a method for achieving well sealing of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the application. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an application scenario of positioning and opening of a reaction platform in a method for achieving well plugging of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 2, in step S130, the reaction platform in the closed state is installed at the bottom of the drilling tool, the drilling tool with the reaction platform is lowered, the reaction platform is lowered to the position of the depth to be sealed, when the reaction platform reaches the position to be sealed, the reaction platform is controlled to be opened, and the opened reaction platform is referred to fig. 3, so that the process proceeds to step S140.
Step S140, after the reaction platform is arranged at the position to be sealed, reactant materials are continuously arranged at the position to be sealed. Wherein the reactant body is located above the reaction platform so as to use the reaction platform to carry the reactant body prepared in step S110 which is currently placed. Then, the process proceeds to step S150.
It should be noted that in the well shut-in method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the ignition device may also be implemented by using a heater device, and in this case, if the reactant body is heated and ignited by using the heater, the step of deploying the ignition device after the reaction platform is lowered is required to replace the step of deploying the ignition device before the reaction platform is lowered (step S130), so that when the ignition device is deployed before the reaction platform is lowered to the position of the well to be shut-in, the heater is implemented as the ignition device. Specifically, at a location external to the lowered reactant mass, a heater is deployed to heat the reactant mass to a reaction temperature tailored for the current shut-in construction to initiate combustion of the mass. The heater equipment is connected with a ground (control) device through a cable, and the ground device is used for controlling the start and stop of the heater equipment.
Combustion of the reactant bodies with the thermite reaction additive added thereto is controlled so that the combustion produces a corresponding amount of heat, thereby ensuring that the heater produces sufficient heat to melt the eutectic alloy, the combustion occurring in the reaction zone which propagates upwardly through the thermite.
With continued reference to fig. 1, step S150 descends a pressurizing device over the reactant bodies.
Typically, in a non-pressurized thermite reaction, the reaction product is a porous matrix of metal oxide and metal. Porosity is caused by voids entrained during the reaction, some of which remains due to the inability of the powder to be compacted to maximum density, and others of which are caused by gas bubbles entrained with the very small amount of gas generated during the reaction, and thus, the porosity of the reaction product of the reactant materials after the final reaction reduces the potential strength of the reaction product to enable it to be permeable to fluid flow.
The inventors have discovered in the practice of the present invention that the formation of a load by crushing during the reaction process, in order to reduce the porosity of the reaction mass, allows the thermite to react more robustly into the surrounding dielectric material (e.g., the well walls). Thus, to further reduce the porosity of the final product (reaction product), it is not only possible to add a eutectic alloy with a lower melting point to the thermite formulation system (thermite mass) to lower the melt temperature of the product improving the thermite reaction and to maintain the liquid form of the melt product for a longer period of time; the flow of liquid products into the borehole wall fractures is also controlled by generating precise pack pressure. To achieve the foregoing effect, the embodiment of the present invention may install a pressurizing apparatus in step S150.
In an embodiment of the invention, the pressurizing device is a temperature-resistant piston. The cross section of the temperature-resistant piston is matched with the cross section of the shaft annular space of the current well to be sealed. In addition, the temperature-resistant piston is connected with a ground device through a cable, so that the reciprocating motion of the temperature-resistant piston is controlled by the ground device, and the (pressurizing) load force provided by the piston to the current improved thermite reaction space is controlled by adjusting parameters such as the motion speed of the reciprocating motion. The magnitude of the pressurizing load force is determined by different factors such as the size of an annular space between a shaft and a well wall, the length of a desired leaking stoppage area, the formula of thermite materials and the like.
Thus, after the arrangement of the pressurizing device is completed, it proceeds to step S160 to perform the currently improved thermite reaction. Step S160 is initiated by the surface installation controlling the ignition device and the pressurization device, causing combustion of the (modified) thermite within the reaction mass, melting the eutectic alloy using the energy generated by the combustion reaction, and injecting the molten liquid alloy into the borehole wall gap by causing expansion of the reaction products under the applied pressure, thereby forming a seal.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a material combustion reaction process in a method for achieving well plugging of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the application. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a material combustion reaction process after a pressurization device is started in a method for implementing well plugging of an oil and gas well according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, after the ignition device is activated, the modified thermite (reactant mass) burns in place as a self-sustaining exothermic reaction, and the released heat melts the eutectic alloy metal, forming a hermetic seal by melting the eutectic alloy downhole. The present invention controls the heat generated by the thermite by adding the above thermite reaction additive to ensure that the current reaction can generate enough heat to melt the eutectic alloy, since the combustion occurs in the reaction space, as shown in fig. 4, after the combustion is completed, the thermite reaction product is converted into a flowing liquid material in the space formed by the reaction table and the shaft annulus, and the heat generated by the reaction will inject the current molten liquid alloy into the cracks (the injection direction of the liquid alloy is shown as the grey arrows in fig. 5) in the shaft wall medium shown in fig. 5 or into the steel shaft casing when the molten liquid alloy is injected into the shaft wall cracks by the pressure (the pressure loading pressure, the direction of which is shown as the black arrows in fig. 5). The embodiment of the invention adopts the improved thermite to melt the eutectic alloy metal, and the process of cooling the molten liquid alloy from the liquid state to the solid state to be below the melting point is almost instantly generated. Since this process does not pass through the gelation stage, once solidified, forms the basis of the alloy itself, without creating excessive diffusion and loss of material within the well to affect later operations.
In one example, because the improved thermite system dilutes the thermite material, this dilution characteristic allows the reaction space formed when performing the improved thermite reaction to have a relatively cold lower portion that reacts first, by generating a reaction temperature and reaction rate suitable for well shut-in operations, the wellbore will be heated to a plastic state, rather than a molten state, with the modest energy generated by the improved thermite reaction, allowing the wellbore to radially expand while pressing the casing outward, thereby filling the annulus between the casing and the wellbore wall. Then, in the upper, relatively hot part of the reaction space, the eutectic alloy melts and causes the molten liquid alloy to pass through the casing into the rock/formation wall. The cooler lower portion prevents molten material from the relatively hotter upper plug from flowing or falling into the annular space between the casing and the formation wall, thereby counteracting its sealing effect, but improves the sealing performance of the shut-in well by causing the upper eutectic fluid to expand radially by the load forces generated after the application of pressure and flow into formation gaps (borehole wall gaps). In addition, in this case, the purpose of the moderate energy generation is to heat the casing (wellbore) to a plastic temperature rather than a molten state, so that during reactive combustion, the radial expansion of the modified thermite causes radial expansion of the casing, which in turn causes squeezing of the formation of the wellbore wall and closing of the annular gap, resulting in a well shut-in seal.
Therefore, in step S160 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the reciprocating motion of the pressure piston is controlled by the surface device, so that the pressure piston provides a pressing load to a reaction space formed by a thermite combustion reaction, at this time, under the action of the pressing load, the thermite in the reaction space forms a radial expansion, and gradually compresses the casing and the rock fracture of the borehole wall, so as to inject a liquid reaction product (e.g., a liquid eutectic alloy) into the formation fracture, so that the eutectic alloy is cooled from a liquid to a solid after the completion of the improved thermite reaction (i.e., after the thermite is combusted), thereby achieving the downhole sealing.
Example two
Based on the well sealing method of the first embodiment, the invention also provides a system for realizing well sealing of the oil and gas well (hereinafter referred to as a well sealing system). The well sealing system is used for realizing the well sealing method. FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for achieving well sealing of oil and gas wells according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 6, the well sealing system includes: reactant body 1, reaction station 2, pressurizing means 3, ignition means 4 and floor means 5.
The reactant body 1 is formed by the intimate mixing of a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive and a eutectic alloy. The reaction platform 2 is used for bearing the reactant body 1 and a reaction space formed by combustion reaction of the materials. A pressurizing device 3 is located above the reactant bodies. The pressurizing device 3 is used to provide the reaction space with the applied pressure required for the combustion reaction of the present material. An ignition device 4 is disposed within the interior of the reactant body 1. The ignition device 4 is adapted to cause the thermite within the reactant body 1 to combust and melt the eutectic alloy upon activation to inject the molten liquid alloy into the borehole wall gap under the applied pressure by causing expansion of the reaction products to form a seal. The ground device 5 is connected with the reaction platform 2, the pressurizing device 3 and the ignition device 4 through cables 6, and is used for positioning the reaction platform 2, controlling the opening or closing state of the reaction platform 2 and controlling the starting and stopping of the pressurizing device 3 and the ignition device 4. Wherein, the surface device 5 is used for controlling the reaction platform 2 to be opened when the reaction platform reaches the position to be sealed.
Wherein, the reaction platform 2 comprises a falling basket main body, a bearing material layer, an insulating layer and a protective sleeve. The load bearing material layer is located on the outer surface of the basket body. The insulating layer is located the surface of bearing material layer. The protective sleeve is positioned on the periphery of the insulating layer.
In the practical application process, specifically, the ground device 5 positions the lowering position of the reaction platform 2, and controls the reaction platform 2 to be opened when the reaction platform 2 is lowered to the specified depth position of the well to be sealed, so that the reaction platform 2 is in an open state, and the opened reaction platform is fixed at the position of the well to be sealed; then, after the deployment of the reactant body 1, the pressurizing means 3, etc. is complete, the surface apparatus 5 controls the ignition means 4 and the pressurizing means 3 to be activated, to cause the combustion of the (modified) thermite in the reactant body, to use the energy generated by the combustion reaction to melt the eutectic alloy, and to inject the molten liquid alloy into the borehole wall gap by causing expansion of the reaction products under the applied pressure, thereby forming a seal.
In an embodiment of the invention, the pressurizing device 3 is preferably a temperature-resistant piston. Further, the ground device 4 will control the reciprocating motion of the pressure piston, so that the pressure piston provides a pressing load to a reaction space formed by the combustion reaction of the thermite, at this time, under the action of the pressing load, the thermite in the reaction space forms radial expansion, and gradually presses the casing and the rock cracks of the well wall, so that a liquid reaction product (such as a liquid eutectic alloy) is injected into the formation cracks, so that the eutectic alloy is cooled from liquid to solid after the completion of the improved thermite reaction (i.e. after the combustion of the thermite), and then the downhole sealing is realized.
The invention discloses a method and a system for realizing well plugging of an oil-gas well. According to the method and the system, when the improved thermite enters the position to be sealed in the well, chemical reaction is activated through the transmission cable, eutectic alloy is melted through energy released by combustion reaction of the improved thermite, liquid eutectic alloy is poured into a well wall gap at the position to be sealed, once combustion is finished, the liquid alloy is cooled down, and is solidified and expanded radially in the well to form sealing. In addition, the present invention controls the reaction pressure, temperature, reaction rate and expansion characteristics of the thermite seal by adjusting the weight ratio between the thermite reactant and the diluent additive, thereby adjusting the performance targets of well sealing construction and improving the sealing characteristics of the resulting seal. And further adding a eutectic material or a low melting point oxide to the reactant mixture to change the properties of the product melt while changing the viscosity of the product liquid phase, on the basis of forming a thermite material having a specific layer by means of dilution of the thermite reactant. In addition, the invention also adjusts the direction of the ignition source by adding the compression load force to realize the directional control of the expansion of the product, thereby compressing the sealing body in the reaction process to compress the material and reduce the porosity of the material, and further continuously providing the thermite to the reaction zone. The invention can meet the requirements of underground sealing, ensure the integrity of oil and gas wells and the requirements of normal production operation, carry out well repair operation on the oil and gas production wells, carry out integrity sealing on the wells, and complete sealing on wells for underground storage of nuclear waste, carbon dioxide sealing and the like.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A method for effecting well shut-in of a hydrocarbon well, comprising:
uniformly mixing a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive and an eutectic alloy to form a reactant body;
deploying an ignition device;
arranging a reaction platform and a reactant body in sequence at a position to be sealed, wherein the reactant body is positioned above the reaction platform;
lowering a pressurizing device over the reactant body;
the ignition device and the pressurization device are controlled by a surface device to start, the thermite in the reaction material body is promoted to burn, the eutectic alloy is melted, and under the action of the applied pressure, the molten liquid alloy is injected into the gap of the well wall by promoting the expansion of the reaction products, and a seal is formed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction mass is configured as an annular cylinder having a cross-section matching a cross-section of a wellbore annulus currently being cased.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining the reaction temperature and the reaction speed which are required to be reached by the combustion reaction of the thermite at present;
and determining the weight ratio of the thermite material to the thermite reaction additive according to the reaction temperature and the reaction speed so as to dilute the thermite material by using the thermite reaction additive.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein a first proportion of the mass of the thermite mass before dilution to the mass of the total mass of the body is calculated, and a second proportion of the mass of the thermite mass after dilution to the mass of the total body is calculated, wherein the ratio of the first proportion to the second proportion is in the range 5% to 75%.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermite reaction additive is selected from one or more of metal oxides, silica and calcium oxide.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pressurization device employs a temperature-resistant piston, and after activating the temperature-resistant piston, the method comprises:
the reciprocating motion of the pressure-resistant piston is controlled through a ground device, and a pressurizing load is provided for a reaction space formed by the combustion reaction of thermite;
under the action of the pressing load, the reaction product in the reaction space forms radial expansion and gradually presses the sleeve to inject the reaction product.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermite material is a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum powder, wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide to the aluminum powder is 3.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, when deploying the ignition apparatus, comprising:
corresponding igniter sets are respectively disposed at different radial angles within the reactant body, wherein the igniter set includes one or more igniters distributed along a midpoint axis of the toroidal radius at a current radial angle.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: replacing the step of deploying the ignition device prior to the run-in reaction station with the step of deploying the ignition device after the run-in reaction station, comprising:
a heater is disposed externally of the reactant mass being fed to heat the reactant mass to a reaction temperature to initiate combustion of the mass.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein a low melting point oxide is used in place of the eutectic material.
11. A system for carrying out well plugging of oil and gas wells, characterized in that it is used to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, said system comprising:
a reactant body formed by the intimate mixing of a thermite material, a thermite reaction additive and a eutectic alloy;
the reaction platform is used for bearing the reactant bodies and a reaction space formed by combustion reaction of materials;
a pressurizing device located above the reactant mass for providing an applied pressure to the reaction space required for a current material combustion reaction;
an ignition device disposed within the body of reactant material for causing thermite within the body of reactant material to combust and melt the eutectic alloy upon activation to inject a molten liquid alloy into the borehole wall gap under the applied pressure by causing expansion of the body of reactant material to form a seal.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the reaction table comprises a basket body, a load-bearing material layer, an insulating layer, and a protective jacket, wherein the load-bearing material layer is located on an outer surface of the basket body, the insulating layer is located on an outer surface of the load-bearing material layer, and the protective jacket is located on a periphery of the insulating layer.
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